CA1193756A - Method of forming resistor for use in supply bridge - Google Patents
Method of forming resistor for use in supply bridgeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1193756A CA1193756A CA000413767A CA413767A CA1193756A CA 1193756 A CA1193756 A CA 1193756A CA 000413767 A CA000413767 A CA 000413767A CA 413767 A CA413767 A CA 413767A CA 1193756 A CA1193756 A CA 1193756A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- resistant layer
- resistor
- overloads
- cut
- constituted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/702—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof of thick-or thin-film circuits or parts thereof
- H01L21/705—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof of thick-or thin-film circuits or parts thereof of thick-film circuits or parts thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
- H01C17/22—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for trimming
- H01C17/24—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for trimming by removing or adding resistive material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Devices For Supply Of Signal Current (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
A supply bridge, which can be subjected to high overloads and is constituted by two identical resistors (l and l') each obtained by silk-screen printing of a thick resistant layer between two conductive layers on the same insulating support (10). The resistant layer has a pre-determined thickness so as to withstand the high overloads.
The resistors being adjusted by removing throughout their lengths a respective part of the resistant layer and con-ductive layers.
A supply bridge, which can be subjected to high overloads and is constituted by two identical resistors (l and l') each obtained by silk-screen printing of a thick resistant layer between two conductive layers on the same insulating support (10). The resistant layer has a pre-determined thickness so as to withstand the high overloads.
The resistors being adjusted by removing throughout their lengths a respective part of the resistant layer and con-ductive layers.
Description
3~
PHF . 81. 5 98 The invention relates to a method of forming a supply bridge which can he sub~ected to high overloads and is constituted by two identical branches each com-prising a resistor.
The possibility of such overloads occurs, for example, in telephony on the supply bridges of a sub scriber's line, each branch of which comprises in series between the central battery and the said line a resistor of high value, a protecbive thermistor and, as the case may be, a primary winding section of the subscriber's transformer or a consta~t current generator~ The said resistor may assume values from 55 to 205 J~ for resistance ~alues in continuous operation of the branch varying in acaordance with the rele~ant countries from 150 to 400 J~ .
The overloads from ~arious sources occurring on the line may be inter alia~pulses of high Yoltage of the order of 5000 V, but of short duration (1 msec3, resulting from a lightning stroke, or permanent voltages of a~out 250 V at industrial fxequencies due to the magnetic induc-tion caused by a dissymm2try on the high-voltage lines or due to contact with the :Low-voltage lines.
If it is assum~d, for example, that a permanent overload of 300 V effecti~e at the frequency of 50 Hz is applied to the line, each branch of the bridge ha~ing a d.c.
impedance of 150 IL (standard value for the French network) is tra~ersed by a current of 2 A, which dissipates a power of 200 W in each resistor ha~ing a value of, for exarnple, 50 Jq. When the response timç of the protective thermistor in series with the said resistor is of the order of a second, the corresponding energy can thus attain the high ~alue of 200 Joules.
The resistors used hitherto in the supply `~7 ~ ~ ~3~ 6 r~ 1 _9~ 2 1.9.1982 brl(lges of telephone lines cannot guarantee the safe-ty ~r reliabili-ty which is required ~hen -they are subjec-ted to S~IC]I limitations.
The wire-wound resistors have a high reliability 5 1~1l t tlley are inflammable. Their use proves to be dangerous re~uires a constant vigilance.
The layer resistors are non-inflammable but tl~cir reliability i5 very poor. They adversely affect the rcliability of the system and especially -the availability at l~ tlle Level of the individual subscriber's equipment~
The invention has for its object to provide a nethod of forming a supply bridge which permits of obtaining the properties of non-inflammability and reliability which are re~uired when this bridge is subjected to the accidenti-l5 al o~-erloads occurring during operation. This method is characterized in that the resistors of the said supply bridga are formed simultaneously by silk-screen printing of a thick resistant layer on the same insulating support having the thickness re~uired for withstanding the said overloads, ' each ol' these resistors being interposed between two connec-tion strips of a conducting material deposited in the same manner and connected by welding to two metal wires of the same ne-twork fixed on the said support, whilst moreover each of the resis-tors can be adjusted to a predetermined value by 25 removing throughout its leng-th a part of the resistant layer between the said connection strips.
The said insulating support is constituted, for e~ample, by a ceramic material and, taking into accoun-t the said overloads, a thermal calculation has been carried out 30 to determine its thickness lying between 2 and 3 mm.
The ~ollowing description with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of example, permits of understanding more clearly how the invention can be realised.
Figure 1 shows diagrammatically a supply bridge o~ a telephone line, Figure 2 is a plan view of the cons-truc-tion of the resistance bridge according to the invention, Figures 3a and 3b illustrate -two methods of 3~S~;
rlT~ 598 3 1 . 9.19~2 c~d~justing a resistor of -the bridge, Fig. Il shows -the data and results o~ a -thermal calculation carried out on a ceramic sample having a given thicl~ness ~Figure 4a ) subjec-ted in a clirec-tion at right angles -to one of its faces to a cumulative test of -thermal shoc~s having a constan-t amplitude which e~hibits a ~-ariation wi-th time which is shown in Figure 4b and -to which corrcsponds -the theoretical variation of -temperature shown in ~`igures 4c and 4d.
Figure 1 shows -the configuration o~ a conven-tional supply bridge o~ a subscriber's line, one o~ the branches of which comprises, after the positive terminal ~
of the central battery connected to earth, a resistor 1 in series with a protective thermistor 2 and a primary winding section 3 of the trans~ormer, which transmits the speech currents and the secondary winding 4 of which is connected to the e~change. The other branch comprises, after the negative terminal 6' of the battery brought to the poten~al -E9 the symmetrical corresponding elements 1', 2' and 3'.
The junction points of the thermistor 2 and the primary winding section 3 on the one hand and of the -thermistor 2' and -the primary winding section 3' on the other hancl are interconnected through the capacitor 5 which blocks the direct current and constitutes a short circuit at the vocal ~5 frequencies, whilst the two other ends of the primary winding sections are connected to the wires 7 and 7', respectively, of the subscriber's line.
~ he res~stors 1 and 1' are constitu-ted in most cases by very reliable wire-wound resistors, which in the case of overload rarely take fire by themselves, but are heated red-ho-t without becoming inoperative, which involves the risk that the surrounding electronic material takes fire.
In order to mitigate this great disadvantage, according to the present inven-tion, these wire-wound resistors are replaced by the resistance bridge shown iIl plan view in Figo 2 and constituted by the two resistors 1 ~g3~
I'lll` ~l.~ 4 I.9.1982 l`ormed simultaneously by silk-screen printing ~ ic~ er of a re~istant ink deposited between the ( onllcction s-trips 8 and 9 on the one hand and 8' and 9' oll rlle ~-ther hand obtained by processes of silk-screen ~>rllll Ll~f, o~` conductive links on the same ceramic support IO, l~le thickness of which has been calculated so that :it is (~p~ble o~ witllstQnding thermal shocks of durations at lenst e~llal to the response time of the thermistors 2and 2'.
The resistors 1 and 1', the dimensions of which l ~lrc ~ between -the connection strips and L, have values R =
I~O ~ /L, the sheet resistance R of the layer being -the cluo~ient of its resistivity and its thickness. The dimensions sed Inost frequently are ~ = 7 mm and L = 10 mm.
A connector composed o~ eight metal wire~
5 ~lenoted by reference numerals 11 to 14 and 11' to 1~' and reg~llarly arranged at the standard relative distance of ~4 Inm is fi~ed on the ceramic support, four of them, denoted by reference numerals 11, 14 and 11', 14', being connec-ted by welding to the connection strips 8, 9 and ~, ~ 9', respectively. The four other wires are preserved because they contribute partly to the dissipation of the heat accu~lulated in the ceramic materlal during the thermal shocks to which it has to be subjec-ted; thus, they act as radiators.
Figure 3 illustrates two methods of adjusting the value of the resistors obtained by removing a part of the resistant layer. The firs-t method generally used consists (Figure 3a) in that a recess 15 is provided in the resistant la~er 1. The configuration of the current lines 30 causes a constriction of these lines 16 on the lower side of the recess, which results in a stronger heating in this zone, which heat is $ransmitted to the subjacent ceramic material. Such a method cannot be used for applications, in ~hich the ceramic material is subjected to strong thermal 35 shocks. The second method according to -the invention is illustrated in Figure 3b. The aforementioned e~pression of the value R of the resistor shows that this value can be modified by varying one or the other of its dimensions.
~3~S~;
I'III ~l.59X 5 1.9.1g82 In the embodiment proposed, the dimension 1 is varied.
Firs-t a default value is calculated, which defines a ~idth ~alue L1, whils-t in a ~irst period o~ time a coarse acljustment is effected by insulating the zone corresponding -to L ~ L1 by cutting through the resistant layer 1 and the conduc-tive connection strips 8 and 9 by means of sand-bl~sting or by means of a laser along a horizont~l line 17 e~ceediilg its length c~. In a second period of time, the connection wires 11 and 14 being connected to a rneasuring lO device not sho~v-n, a fine adjustmen-t is effected by cu~ing by means of a laser bea~ssuccessive resistant la~er parts 18, 19, 20 insulated in -the same manner and spaced apart by about 200/um until the desired valuè is obtained~ This adjusting method, which does not disturb the parallelism of 15 the current lines 21 in the resistor, thus prevents hot points from being formed in the ceramic support.
Figure 4 shows the data and results of the thermal calculation carried ou-t on a ceramic sample having a thickness e, to which the thermal flux ~0 is appliod in 20 a direction at right angles to one of its faces (Figure 4a).
This sample has to withstand for 1610 seconds the cumulative test of thermal shocks~ the cycle of which is composed on two thermal pulses having an amplitude ~0 = 200 Joules of a duration of 1 second spaced apart by 5 seconds and 25 follo~ved by a rest -time of 180 seconds (Figure 4b). The problem consists in the resolution of the general equation of heat propaga-tion dt = a d ~ in order to obtain in a dx given sample the temperature ~ in the ceramic material as a 30 funct:ion of the time -t and in the direction x, a = ~ /pCp being the thermal diffusiveness~ ~ the conductivity, ~ the specific weight and Cp the specific heat. Under the initial conditions and wi-thin the limits resul-ting from ~igures 4a and 4b, there is obtained:
~(x,t)= ~o ~ _n ~ _ _K2 a n=1 Kn(eKn ~ ~eh ~ ~ h) 37~
l'lll ~1.~9~ 6 1 9.1982 [`I,ei~ the signal time, _ the Newton coefficient and n -the tl1eorctically infinite number of solutions I~n of the equa-tion l~ ~tgKne - ~ . Without entering into the details of the rcs~llts of the calculation, Figure 4c, which illustrates tllc ~-ariatio~ of the temperature as a func-tion of time 3 clcarl~ shows the cumulative effect ob-tained. In Fig. 4d, ~l1e rLme scale has been expanded in order to indicate from ~hc il~itial ins-tant the temperature increases corresponding to Ll~C ~irs-t -thermal pulse for different thickness of the ccrarnlc material increasing from e1 to e4. For the smallest thiclcllesses~ the temperatures attained have maximum values in a time shorter than the duration ~ of the thermal pulse, E~perience has shown that in this case~ the cumulative test of` thermal shocks is destructive. On -the contrary, the li ceramic sample l~ithstands the test if its thickness is such that the maximum tempera-ture is obtained above t= ~. In a s~l~scriber's bridge of a telephone line~ r is not different from the response time of the thermistor CTP in series with the resistor in each branch of the bridge.
. 0 ' . .
PHF . 81. 5 98 The invention relates to a method of forming a supply bridge which can he sub~ected to high overloads and is constituted by two identical branches each com-prising a resistor.
The possibility of such overloads occurs, for example, in telephony on the supply bridges of a sub scriber's line, each branch of which comprises in series between the central battery and the said line a resistor of high value, a protecbive thermistor and, as the case may be, a primary winding section of the subscriber's transformer or a consta~t current generator~ The said resistor may assume values from 55 to 205 J~ for resistance ~alues in continuous operation of the branch varying in acaordance with the rele~ant countries from 150 to 400 J~ .
The overloads from ~arious sources occurring on the line may be inter alia~pulses of high Yoltage of the order of 5000 V, but of short duration (1 msec3, resulting from a lightning stroke, or permanent voltages of a~out 250 V at industrial fxequencies due to the magnetic induc-tion caused by a dissymm2try on the high-voltage lines or due to contact with the :Low-voltage lines.
If it is assum~d, for example, that a permanent overload of 300 V effecti~e at the frequency of 50 Hz is applied to the line, each branch of the bridge ha~ing a d.c.
impedance of 150 IL (standard value for the French network) is tra~ersed by a current of 2 A, which dissipates a power of 200 W in each resistor ha~ing a value of, for exarnple, 50 Jq. When the response timç of the protective thermistor in series with the said resistor is of the order of a second, the corresponding energy can thus attain the high ~alue of 200 Joules.
The resistors used hitherto in the supply `~7 ~ ~ ~3~ 6 r~ 1 _9~ 2 1.9.1982 brl(lges of telephone lines cannot guarantee the safe-ty ~r reliabili-ty which is required ~hen -they are subjec-ted to S~IC]I limitations.
The wire-wound resistors have a high reliability 5 1~1l t tlley are inflammable. Their use proves to be dangerous re~uires a constant vigilance.
The layer resistors are non-inflammable but tl~cir reliability i5 very poor. They adversely affect the rcliability of the system and especially -the availability at l~ tlle Level of the individual subscriber's equipment~
The invention has for its object to provide a nethod of forming a supply bridge which permits of obtaining the properties of non-inflammability and reliability which are re~uired when this bridge is subjected to the accidenti-l5 al o~-erloads occurring during operation. This method is characterized in that the resistors of the said supply bridga are formed simultaneously by silk-screen printing of a thick resistant layer on the same insulating support having the thickness re~uired for withstanding the said overloads, ' each ol' these resistors being interposed between two connec-tion strips of a conducting material deposited in the same manner and connected by welding to two metal wires of the same ne-twork fixed on the said support, whilst moreover each of the resis-tors can be adjusted to a predetermined value by 25 removing throughout its leng-th a part of the resistant layer between the said connection strips.
The said insulating support is constituted, for e~ample, by a ceramic material and, taking into accoun-t the said overloads, a thermal calculation has been carried out 30 to determine its thickness lying between 2 and 3 mm.
The ~ollowing description with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of example, permits of understanding more clearly how the invention can be realised.
Figure 1 shows diagrammatically a supply bridge o~ a telephone line, Figure 2 is a plan view of the cons-truc-tion of the resistance bridge according to the invention, Figures 3a and 3b illustrate -two methods of 3~S~;
rlT~ 598 3 1 . 9.19~2 c~d~justing a resistor of -the bridge, Fig. Il shows -the data and results o~ a -thermal calculation carried out on a ceramic sample having a given thicl~ness ~Figure 4a ) subjec-ted in a clirec-tion at right angles -to one of its faces to a cumulative test of -thermal shoc~s having a constan-t amplitude which e~hibits a ~-ariation wi-th time which is shown in Figure 4b and -to which corrcsponds -the theoretical variation of -temperature shown in ~`igures 4c and 4d.
Figure 1 shows -the configuration o~ a conven-tional supply bridge o~ a subscriber's line, one o~ the branches of which comprises, after the positive terminal ~
of the central battery connected to earth, a resistor 1 in series with a protective thermistor 2 and a primary winding section 3 of the trans~ormer, which transmits the speech currents and the secondary winding 4 of which is connected to the e~change. The other branch comprises, after the negative terminal 6' of the battery brought to the poten~al -E9 the symmetrical corresponding elements 1', 2' and 3'.
The junction points of the thermistor 2 and the primary winding section 3 on the one hand and of the -thermistor 2' and -the primary winding section 3' on the other hancl are interconnected through the capacitor 5 which blocks the direct current and constitutes a short circuit at the vocal ~5 frequencies, whilst the two other ends of the primary winding sections are connected to the wires 7 and 7', respectively, of the subscriber's line.
~ he res~stors 1 and 1' are constitu-ted in most cases by very reliable wire-wound resistors, which in the case of overload rarely take fire by themselves, but are heated red-ho-t without becoming inoperative, which involves the risk that the surrounding electronic material takes fire.
In order to mitigate this great disadvantage, according to the present inven-tion, these wire-wound resistors are replaced by the resistance bridge shown iIl plan view in Figo 2 and constituted by the two resistors 1 ~g3~
I'lll` ~l.~ 4 I.9.1982 l`ormed simultaneously by silk-screen printing ~ ic~ er of a re~istant ink deposited between the ( onllcction s-trips 8 and 9 on the one hand and 8' and 9' oll rlle ~-ther hand obtained by processes of silk-screen ~>rllll Ll~f, o~` conductive links on the same ceramic support IO, l~le thickness of which has been calculated so that :it is (~p~ble o~ witllstQnding thermal shocks of durations at lenst e~llal to the response time of the thermistors 2and 2'.
The resistors 1 and 1', the dimensions of which l ~lrc ~ between -the connection strips and L, have values R =
I~O ~ /L, the sheet resistance R of the layer being -the cluo~ient of its resistivity and its thickness. The dimensions sed Inost frequently are ~ = 7 mm and L = 10 mm.
A connector composed o~ eight metal wire~
5 ~lenoted by reference numerals 11 to 14 and 11' to 1~' and reg~llarly arranged at the standard relative distance of ~4 Inm is fi~ed on the ceramic support, four of them, denoted by reference numerals 11, 14 and 11', 14', being connec-ted by welding to the connection strips 8, 9 and ~, ~ 9', respectively. The four other wires are preserved because they contribute partly to the dissipation of the heat accu~lulated in the ceramic materlal during the thermal shocks to which it has to be subjec-ted; thus, they act as radiators.
Figure 3 illustrates two methods of adjusting the value of the resistors obtained by removing a part of the resistant layer. The firs-t method generally used consists (Figure 3a) in that a recess 15 is provided in the resistant la~er 1. The configuration of the current lines 30 causes a constriction of these lines 16 on the lower side of the recess, which results in a stronger heating in this zone, which heat is $ransmitted to the subjacent ceramic material. Such a method cannot be used for applications, in ~hich the ceramic material is subjected to strong thermal 35 shocks. The second method according to -the invention is illustrated in Figure 3b. The aforementioned e~pression of the value R of the resistor shows that this value can be modified by varying one or the other of its dimensions.
~3~S~;
I'III ~l.59X 5 1.9.1g82 In the embodiment proposed, the dimension 1 is varied.
Firs-t a default value is calculated, which defines a ~idth ~alue L1, whils-t in a ~irst period o~ time a coarse acljustment is effected by insulating the zone corresponding -to L ~ L1 by cutting through the resistant layer 1 and the conduc-tive connection strips 8 and 9 by means of sand-bl~sting or by means of a laser along a horizont~l line 17 e~ceediilg its length c~. In a second period of time, the connection wires 11 and 14 being connected to a rneasuring lO device not sho~v-n, a fine adjustmen-t is effected by cu~ing by means of a laser bea~ssuccessive resistant la~er parts 18, 19, 20 insulated in -the same manner and spaced apart by about 200/um until the desired valuè is obtained~ This adjusting method, which does not disturb the parallelism of 15 the current lines 21 in the resistor, thus prevents hot points from being formed in the ceramic support.
Figure 4 shows the data and results of the thermal calculation carried ou-t on a ceramic sample having a thickness e, to which the thermal flux ~0 is appliod in 20 a direction at right angles to one of its faces (Figure 4a).
This sample has to withstand for 1610 seconds the cumulative test of thermal shocks~ the cycle of which is composed on two thermal pulses having an amplitude ~0 = 200 Joules of a duration of 1 second spaced apart by 5 seconds and 25 follo~ved by a rest -time of 180 seconds (Figure 4b). The problem consists in the resolution of the general equation of heat propaga-tion dt = a d ~ in order to obtain in a dx given sample the temperature ~ in the ceramic material as a 30 funct:ion of the time -t and in the direction x, a = ~ /pCp being the thermal diffusiveness~ ~ the conductivity, ~ the specific weight and Cp the specific heat. Under the initial conditions and wi-thin the limits resul-ting from ~igures 4a and 4b, there is obtained:
~(x,t)= ~o ~ _n ~ _ _K2 a n=1 Kn(eKn ~ ~eh ~ ~ h) 37~
l'lll ~1.~9~ 6 1 9.1982 [`I,ei~ the signal time, _ the Newton coefficient and n -the tl1eorctically infinite number of solutions I~n of the equa-tion l~ ~tgKne - ~ . Without entering into the details of the rcs~llts of the calculation, Figure 4c, which illustrates tllc ~-ariatio~ of the temperature as a func-tion of time 3 clcarl~ shows the cumulative effect ob-tained. In Fig. 4d, ~l1e rLme scale has been expanded in order to indicate from ~hc il~itial ins-tant the temperature increases corresponding to Ll~C ~irs-t -thermal pulse for different thickness of the ccrarnlc material increasing from e1 to e4. For the smallest thiclcllesses~ the temperatures attained have maximum values in a time shorter than the duration ~ of the thermal pulse, E~perience has shown that in this case~ the cumulative test of` thermal shocks is destructive. On -the contrary, the li ceramic sample l~ithstands the test if its thickness is such that the maximum tempera-ture is obtained above t= ~. In a s~l~scriber's bridge of a telephone line~ r is not different from the response time of the thermistor CTP in series with the resistor in each branch of the bridge.
. 0 ' . .
Claims (6)
1. A method of forming a supply resistor which can be subjected to high overloads, the resistor being formed by silk-screen printing of a thick resistant layer on an insuIating support having the thickness required for with-standing the said overloads, the resistant layer being inter-posed between two parallel connection strips of a conductive material deposited in the same manner, which resistor can be adjusted to a predetermined balue by removing throughout its length a part of the resistant layer between the said connec-tion strips, characterized in that the said connection strips are cut through together with the resistant layer.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the said insulating support is constituted by a ceramic material having a thickness between 2 and 3 mm.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the said adjustment is effected in two periods of time, i.e. a first period of time corresponding to a coarse adjustment, during which the major part of the resistant layer, before being removed, is insulated by cutting it by means of sand-blasting or by means of a laser throughout its length, the said conductive connection strips being likewise cut, and a second period of time corresponding to a fine adjustment, during which the remaining part is cut by means of a laser beam into successive layer parts regularly spaced apart and insulated in the same manner until the desired resistance value is obtained.
4. A method as claimed in Claim 3, characterized in that the relative distance of the said layer parts is about 200 µm.
5. A method for forming a supply bridge which can be subjected to high overloads and is constituted by two identical branches each comprising a resistor formed by a method as set out in Claim 1, 2 or 3.
6. A resistor formed by the method of Claim 1, 2 or 3.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8120239A FR2515445A1 (en) | 1981-10-28 | 1981-10-28 | METHOD FOR MAKING A SUPPLY BRIDGE SUBJECT TO SIGNIFICANT OVERLOADS AND POWER SUPPLY BRIDGE FOLLOWED BY THIS METHOD |
| FR8120239 | 1981-10-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1193756A true CA1193756A (en) | 1985-09-17 |
Family
ID=9263487
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000413767A Expired CA1193756A (en) | 1981-10-28 | 1982-10-19 | Method of forming resistor for use in supply bridge |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0078089B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5887959A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1193756A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3269092D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2515445A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5798685A (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 1998-08-25 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Thermistor apparatus and manufacturing method thereof |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2557732B1 (en) * | 1983-12-28 | 1986-04-11 | Lefevre Rene | METHOD FOR PRODUCING MINIATURE PIEZOELECTRIC DEVICES USING LASER MACHINING AND DEVICES OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS |
| JPH0311789A (en) * | 1989-06-09 | 1991-01-21 | Toshiba Lighting & Technol Corp | Thick film hybrid circuit board and manufacture thereof |
| DE9115786U1 (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 1992-02-27 | Murata Europe Management GmbH, 8500 Nürnberg | Trimmable, high-energy resistor in thick-film technology |
| DE102018115205A1 (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-01-02 | Vishay Electronic Gmbh | Process for manufacturing a large number of resistance units |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5336662A (en) * | 1976-09-17 | 1978-04-05 | Hitachi Ltd | Bridge sensor |
| DE3036686C2 (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1983-12-01 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Subscriber line circuit |
-
1981
- 1981-10-28 FR FR8120239A patent/FR2515445A1/en active Granted
-
1982
- 1982-10-19 CA CA000413767A patent/CA1193756A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-26 JP JP18809482A patent/JPS5887959A/en active Pending
- 1982-10-27 DE DE8282201340T patent/DE3269092D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-27 EP EP19820201340 patent/EP0078089B1/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5798685A (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 1998-08-25 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Thermistor apparatus and manufacturing method thereof |
| US6188307B1 (en) | 1995-03-03 | 2001-02-13 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Thermistor apparatus and manufacturing method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0078089B1 (en) | 1986-02-12 |
| JPS5887959A (en) | 1983-05-25 |
| FR2515445B1 (en) | 1984-12-28 |
| DE3269092D1 (en) | 1986-03-27 |
| EP0078089A1 (en) | 1983-05-04 |
| FR2515445A1 (en) | 1983-04-29 |
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