CA1190956A - Magnetic slot wedge with low average permeability and high mechanical strength - Google Patents

Magnetic slot wedge with low average permeability and high mechanical strength

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Publication number
CA1190956A
CA1190956A CA000424975A CA424975A CA1190956A CA 1190956 A CA1190956 A CA 1190956A CA 000424975 A CA000424975 A CA 000424975A CA 424975 A CA424975 A CA 424975A CA 1190956 A CA1190956 A CA 1190956A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
slot
magnetic
stator
nonmagnetic
slots
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA000424975A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Henry G. Lenz
Eike Richter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to CA000424975A priority Critical patent/CA1190956A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1190956A publication Critical patent/CA1190956A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

MAGNETIC SLOT WEDGE WITH LOW AVERAGE PERMEABILITY
AND HIGH MECHANICAL STRENGTH
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A magnetic wedge fox use in toothed stators holds the stator windings in the slots formed between the teeth of the stator. The magnetic slot wedge comprises a nonmagnetic body, with a width corresponding to the width of the slots. The nonmagnetic body has parallel laminations of magnetic material extending part way through the width of the magnetic body form both sides of the magnetic body and perpendicular to the top surface.
A central nonmagnetic region is thereby created with a region on either side of the central portion having an average permeability, along its length, substantially in the range of about 5-10.

Description

95~

MAGNETIC SLOT WEDGE WITH LOW AVERAGE PERMEABILITY
-AND HIGH MECHANICAL STRENGTH

Background of the Invention -This invention relates to AC machines and more particularly to slot wedges therefor, or top sticks as they are sometimes called.
In an AC machine having a toothed stator, slot wedges are used to hold the stator windings in the slots formed between the stator teeth. Slot wedges made of magnetic material are a significant means to improve the efficiency of an ac motor.
Magnetic slot wedges reduce slot ripple in the air gap flux caused by the changing reluctance due to the slots, and also reduce the associated eddy current losses due to the interaction of the harmonics in the air gap flux with the conducting surface of the rotor. The magnetizing current required in the stator windings to generate the desired air gap flux is less with magnetic slot wedges, since more of the air gap flux is available for useful power production. However, closing the slot completely with magnetic material increases the leakage reactance of the motor, which in the case of an induction motor results in a reduction of power factor and of peak torque, and in a synchronous motor a reduction of peak torque and slower dynamic re~ponse.
The present methods of making magnetic slot wedges with wire or iron powder embedded in a carrier, generally do not allow easy shaping of the magnetic material in a way which reduces slotting harmonics or, as they are sometimes called, space harmonics, wlth a minirnum increase in slot leakage reactance. Another problem is that attempts to manufacture magnetic slot wedges that are structurally sound and do not fail during operation have only been partially successful. Nonmaynetic slot wedges do no-t have the failure problems that magnetic slot wedges have. Thus, it is expected that the different maynetic forces, the different loss characteristics and the different thermal characteristics of the magnetic slot wedges are responsible for their limited life in actual operation.
To achieve reduced slo-t harmonic losses, stators with semiclosed slots have been used.
Semiclosed slots, as the name implies, provide a narrow opening at the top of -the slot and require random widnings. Random windings are windings in which the relative position of one wire to another is not known until the wires are pushed through the narrow opening and pressed into the slot. Formed coil windings cannot be inserted into semiclosed slots. Formed coils are used :Eor high voltage (above 600 volts) applica-tions because of their superior turn and ground insulation properties and for larger machines (above 600 HP) because of their superior reliability, heat transfer capability and easy manufacturability in the laryer coi] sizes. When open slots are used in con~unction with-magnetic slot wedyes, formed coils can be used withou-t sacrificing the advantages of semiclosed slots. In a Eormed coil the windinys are performed and the position of each wire relative to each of the other wires is known prior to insertion in the slot.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetic slot wedge that results in reduced slot harmonic losses and sufficient strength to carry all the forces the wedge is exposed to.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a magnetic slot wedge that results in reduced space harmonic losses and permits formed windings to be used.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a magnetic slot wedge which reduces the slotting harmonics with a minimum increase in slot leakage reactance.
Summary of the Invention In one aspect of the present invention a magnetic wed~e is provided for use in a toothed stator. The magnetic wedges hold the stator windings in the slots formed between the teeth of the stator. The magnetic slot wedge comprises a nonmagnetic body with a width corresponding to the width of the slot. The nonmagnetic body has parallel laminatlons of magnetic material extendlng part way through the width of the magnetic body from both sides of the magnetic body and perpendicular to the top surface. A central nonmagnetic region is thereby created with a region on either side of the central portion having an average permeability along its lenyth substantially in the range of about 5-10.

~3--5~

Brief Description of the Drawing While the speci:Eication concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the present invention, the objects and advantages of the in~ention can be more readily ascertained from the following description of a preferred embodiment when used in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which:
Fi~ure l is a perspective view of the magnetic slot wedge according to the present invention;
Fi~ure 2 is a section of a toothed stator core with the slot wedge of Figure 1 positioned between the teeth;
Figure 3 is a graph showing the relation-ship among different values of permeability in the regions on either side of the central nonmagnetic region and harmonic losses, effective air yap and slot leakage reactance;
Figure 4 is a graph showing the flux density in the air gap between the rotor and stator of a machi.ne adjacent to a stator slot having a semiclosed slot wedge;
Figure 5 is a graph showing the flux density in the air gap between the rotor and stator of a machine adjacent to a stator slot having a magnetic slot wedge which has an average permeability oE 5 in the two regions on either slde of a nonmagnetic central portion as in the present invention; and Fiyure 6 is a graph showing t~e flux density in the air gap between the rotor and stator of a machine, adjacen-t to a stator slot having a nonmagnetic s ],o t wed ge .

5~

Detailed Description of the Invention Referring now to the drawing wherein like numerals indicate like elements, ~here is shown in Figure 1 a magnetic slot wedge 1. The magnetic slot wedge comprises a nonmagnetic body 3 of epoxy in a preferred embodiment but can alternatively be ,` ` j fabricated reinforced plastic or fibergl~ss. The width of the nonmagnetic body corresponds to the width of the slot in the stator into which the wedge is to be inserted. The nonmagnetic body 3 includes a plurality of parallel slits extending part way through its width from both sides, with the slits perpendicular to the top surface of the nonmagnetic body. The top surface of the nonmagnetic body is defined as that portion facing the air gap when the wedge is positioned in a slot of a toothed rotor.
The slits 7 each have a lamina-tion of magnetic material 9 such as silicon steel inserted in them.
~lternatively, the laminations can be molded in place in the nonmagnetic body. The relative permeability of -the cen-tral region of the width of the magnetic slot wedge is unity since it contains no magnetic material. The average perme-ability on either side of the central region is dependent on the stacking factor, which is determined by the distance between successive parallel laminations.
Referring now to Figure 2, a portion of a laminated toothed stator core 10 is shown. Positioned between teeth 11 are slots 13. Formed windings 15 are in each slot. Near the open end of each slot on either side are notches 17 into which the magnetic slot 5~i wedges 1 are slid. The magnetic slot wedges extend the axial distance of the slot. The top of the magnetic slot wedges are flush with tops of the teeth 11. The outline of a rotor 19 is shown with the distance bewteen the inside diameter of the stator and the outer surface of the rotor shown as 21, representing the air gap.
Investigations of the air gap field between the rotor and the stator in ac machines have shown that the harmonic content of the semiclosed slot is not as low as it could be. Figure 3 shows that in a slot wedge geometry of the type shown in Figure 1 the harmonic content of the air gap flu~ is a function of the average permeability of the regions on either side of the nonmagnetic central portion.
It can also be seen in Figure 3 that the value of permeability can be chosen to adjust the leakage reactance of the motor, the leakage reactance being slightly greater than the semiclosed slot configuration.
A permeability of only approximately 5 is required for the particular geometry analyzed ~the variable that would result in different permeabilities in different geometries is slot opening to air gap length which effects slot harmonic losses and leakage reactance) to obtain minimum slot harmonics. A permeability of 5 can be obtained by using magnetic laminations fabricated of 19 mil thick silicon steel separated by a nonmagnetic spacer three times the lamination thickness. In general, an average permeability substantially in the range of about 5 to 10 should be suitable for most confiyurations. The ra-tio of radial thickness of the slot wedge to the slot opening influences leakage reactance, but not harmonic losses. The shape of the lamination also affects leakage reactance but not harmonic losses.
In a semiclosed slot the average permeability is approximately 10,000 while a nonmagnetic slot wedge has a permeability of 1. Figures ~, 5 and 6 show the magnetic field in the air gap adjacent to a toothed stator having a semiclosed slo~ (ur = 108), a magnetic slot wedge having an average permeability in each of the regions on either side of the nonmagnetic central portion of u = 5 and for a nonmagnetic slot wedge (,ur = 1). The ordinate in each of the graphs in the Figures 4, 5 and 6 indicates the relative flux density and the abscissa indicates the distance, with zero representing the center of the slot and one representing the center of the tooth. X represents the actual circumferential distance from the center of the slot and ts the slot pitch. X is divided by t , and multiplied by .5 to achieve a normalized value of 1 at the center of the tooth. In Figure 4 a permeability of lO~ was used as a approximation of infini-te permeability for the semiclosed slot, though actual permeability is approximately 10,000 in the semiclosed slot. By examining the flux curves of Figures 4, 5 and 6, it can be seen that the u = 5 case in Fiyure 5 has the most yradual transition, and smallest rate of flux change with distance from the center of the slot, resultiny in the lowest harmonic content. A

~3~

Fourier analysis of the three curves would confirm this result.
Since the magnetic slot wedge fits into notches in the stator slot 17 of Figure 2, formed windings can be used where required without the penalty of relatively high harmonic losses and can further provide the advantages of allowing greater slot fill and predetermined positioning between coil wires which is not possible if a semiclosed slot design is used.
The nonmaynetic body, which includes the spacers between the laminations, carries the mechanical load across the slot and insures that there are no interlaminator currents and losses in the slot wedge. The magnet~c wedge of Figure 1 appears from the air gap to be a wedge having a region of low permeability magnetic material on either side of a nonmagnetic central portion. The leakage reactance of the ac machine increases with decreasing width of the nonmagnetic central portion of the slot wedge. Slotting harmonic losses of the ac machine increase with increasing width of the nonmagnetic central portion of the slot wedge past the op-timum permeability, which is subs-tantially in the range of 5 to 10.
The foregoing describes a magnetic slot wedge that results in reduced slotting harmonic losses and sufficient strength to carry all the forces the 7~edye is exposed to. The magnetic slot wedge also permits the use of formed windings.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (2)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclu-sive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A slot wedge for use in a toothed stator of a rotary electric machine, successive teeth of said stator forming slots therebetween, said slot wedge comprising:
a nonmagnetic body having a width corresponding to the width of any of said slots, said nonmagnetic body having a plurality of parallel slits extending part way through the width of said body from both sides, said slits extending perpendicular to the top surface of said nonmagnetic body; and a plurality of magnetic laminations, one lamination positioned in each of said slits, respectively.
2. A stator of a rotary electric machine comprising:
a stator winding;
a toothed stator core which successive teeth form slots therebetween, the stator winding positioned in said slots;
a plurality of slot wedges positioned in said slots such that the tops of said wedges are flush with the ends of said teeth, each of said slot wedges comprising a nonmagnetic body with a length equal to the axial length of said stator core, and a width corresponding to the width of any of said slots, said nonmagnetic body having parallel slits extending part way through the body from both sides, the plane of each slit being perpendicular to the top of said body; and a plurality of laminations of magnetic material, each lamination positioned in a separate slit, respectively, of said nonmagnetic body.
CA000424975A 1983-03-31 1983-03-31 Magnetic slot wedge with low average permeability and high mechanical strength Expired CA1190956A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA000424975A CA1190956A (en) 1983-03-31 1983-03-31 Magnetic slot wedge with low average permeability and high mechanical strength

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA000424975A CA1190956A (en) 1983-03-31 1983-03-31 Magnetic slot wedge with low average permeability and high mechanical strength

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1190956A true CA1190956A (en) 1985-07-23

Family

ID=4124910

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000424975A Expired CA1190956A (en) 1983-03-31 1983-03-31 Magnetic slot wedge with low average permeability and high mechanical strength

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CA (1) CA1190956A (en)

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