CA1190412A - Apparatus for measuring a plurality of force components - Google Patents
Apparatus for measuring a plurality of force componentsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1190412A CA1190412A CA000415007A CA415007A CA1190412A CA 1190412 A CA1190412 A CA 1190412A CA 000415007 A CA000415007 A CA 000415007A CA 415007 A CA415007 A CA 415007A CA 1190412 A CA1190412 A CA 1190412A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- measuring
- axis
- cylinder
- carrier
- force components
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
- G01L5/161—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using variations in ohmic resistance
- G01L5/1627—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using variations in ohmic resistance of strain gauges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
- G01L5/167—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using piezoelectric means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
When measuring a plurality of force components acting upon an object to be measured and based upon forces in a flow-ing medium, it is essential that all of the forces acting upon the object be detected and determined without reactive effect, in order to eliminate, as far as possible, any measuring in-accuracies. Furthermore, the measuring apparatus, and more particularly the carrier of the object to be measured, must be of simple and compact design, i.e. must take up little space. According to the invention, this purpose is achieved in that the guide for the object carrier is in the form of a cylinder guided hydrostatically in the mounting system and adapted to move rotatably and longitudinally in the Z-axis, and in that the said cylinder is in communication with both a rotary drive and a device for measuriing the angle of rotation.
When measuring a plurality of force components acting upon an object to be measured and based upon forces in a flow-ing medium, it is essential that all of the forces acting upon the object be detected and determined without reactive effect, in order to eliminate, as far as possible, any measuring in-accuracies. Furthermore, the measuring apparatus, and more particularly the carrier of the object to be measured, must be of simple and compact design, i.e. must take up little space. According to the invention, this purpose is achieved in that the guide for the object carrier is in the form of a cylinder guided hydrostatically in the mounting system and adapted to move rotatably and longitudinally in the Z-axis, and in that the said cylinder is in communication with both a rotary drive and a device for measuriing the angle of rotation.
Description
~g~
The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring a plurality o~ force components, more particularly force components based upon the forces in a flowing medium and acting upon an object to be measured, the said apparatus consisting of an object carrier and a mounting system in which the said object carrier rnay pivot, rotate and move both hori-zontally and vertically, being held in each of these directions by at least one force measuriny device dynamometer.
' German OS 26 24 647 discloses an apparatus for measur-ing a plurality of force components, the said apparatus com-prising a mounting system for the object carrier consisting of three guide arrangements. Located between these three guide-arrangements are hydrostatic bearings which allow the object carrier to move in all directions~ Since both the object carrier and the guide arrangements are held by force measuring devices,`
all of the force components acting upon the object to be measured can be detected and determined.
It is an aim of the present inventio~ to improve the accuracy and simplify the design of an apparatus of this ~ind for measuring a plurality of force components~ The said aim is accomplished in that the guide for the object carrier i5 in the form of a cylinder guided hydrostatically in the mounting system and adapted to move rotatably and longitudinally in the Z-axis, and in that the said cylinder is in cornmunication with both a rotary drive and a device for measuring the angle of rotakaion.
The arrangernent according to the invention is deemed a highly advantageous way of achieving great measuring accuracy together wikh an overall particularly compact design of measur-ing apparatus, the said apparatus being oE simpler and less ex-pensive desiyn than known appara~,uses for measuring a plurality of force components.
According to a further advantageous configuration of the invention, the rotary drive is connected to the force measuring device through a torque arm connectea to the said rotary drive. This arrangement makes it possible to measure forces and torques acting upon the torque arm particularly accurately and with ].ittle effort in terms of expenditure, complexity.
In one aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for measuring a plurality of force components, more particularly force components based upon the forces in a flowing medium and acting upon an object to be measured, the apparatus consisting of an object carrier and a mounting system in which the object carrier may pi-vot, rotate and move both horizontally, i.e. in directions of an X- and Y-axis and vertically, i.e. in direction of a Z-axis, bei.ng held in each of these directions by at least one force measuring device, characterized in that the guide for the object carrier is in the form of a cylinder guided hydrostatically in the mounting system and adapted to move rotatably and longikudinally in the Z-axis, and in that the cylinder is in communication with both a rotary drive and a device for measuring the angle of rotation.
Further details, characteristics and advantages of the invention may be gathered from the following explanation of the example of embodiment illustrated diagrammatically in the drawing attached hereto, wherein-Figure 1 shows an apparatus for measuring aplurality of force components in longitudinal section;
Figure 2 is a cross-section taken along the line A-B in Figure 1.
I'he apparatus for measuring a plurality of force components illustrated in the drawing comprises a cylinder 1
The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring a plurality o~ force components, more particularly force components based upon the forces in a flowing medium and acting upon an object to be measured, the said apparatus consisting of an object carrier and a mounting system in which the said object carrier rnay pivot, rotate and move both hori-zontally and vertically, being held in each of these directions by at least one force measuriny device dynamometer.
' German OS 26 24 647 discloses an apparatus for measur-ing a plurality of force components, the said apparatus com-prising a mounting system for the object carrier consisting of three guide arrangements. Located between these three guide-arrangements are hydrostatic bearings which allow the object carrier to move in all directions~ Since both the object carrier and the guide arrangements are held by force measuring devices,`
all of the force components acting upon the object to be measured can be detected and determined.
It is an aim of the present inventio~ to improve the accuracy and simplify the design of an apparatus of this ~ind for measuring a plurality of force components~ The said aim is accomplished in that the guide for the object carrier i5 in the form of a cylinder guided hydrostatically in the mounting system and adapted to move rotatably and longitudinally in the Z-axis, and in that the said cylinder is in cornmunication with both a rotary drive and a device for measuring the angle of rotakaion.
The arrangernent according to the invention is deemed a highly advantageous way of achieving great measuring accuracy together wikh an overall particularly compact design of measur-ing apparatus, the said apparatus being oE simpler and less ex-pensive desiyn than known appara~,uses for measuring a plurality of force components.
According to a further advantageous configuration of the invention, the rotary drive is connected to the force measuring device through a torque arm connectea to the said rotary drive. This arrangement makes it possible to measure forces and torques acting upon the torque arm particularly accurately and with ].ittle effort in terms of expenditure, complexity.
In one aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for measuring a plurality of force components, more particularly force components based upon the forces in a flowing medium and acting upon an object to be measured, the apparatus consisting of an object carrier and a mounting system in which the object carrier may pi-vot, rotate and move both horizontally, i.e. in directions of an X- and Y-axis and vertically, i.e. in direction of a Z-axis, bei.ng held in each of these directions by at least one force measuring device, characterized in that the guide for the object carrier is in the form of a cylinder guided hydrostatically in the mounting system and adapted to move rotatably and longikudinally in the Z-axis, and in that the cylinder is in communication with both a rotary drive and a device for measuring the angle of rotation.
Further details, characteristics and advantages of the invention may be gathered from the following explanation of the example of embodiment illustrated diagrammatically in the drawing attached hereto, wherein-Figure 1 shows an apparatus for measuring aplurality of force components in longitudinal section;
Figure 2 is a cross-section taken along the line A-B in Figure 1.
I'he apparatus for measuring a plurality of force components illustrated in the drawing comprises a cylinder 1
-2-,;, L9~
which is designed as a guide and which carries, at its upper end, a box-like housing 2 in which a spherical object carrier 3 is mounted rotatably ànd pivotably between hydrostatic bearings 4. The said cylinder is guided in turn in pivot bearings 5, 6 which allow it to move rotatably and longitudinally in the Z-axis. Pivo-t bearing 5 itself is also guided in hydrostatic bearings 7 which allow it to move horizontally. Secured to guide eylinder 1 is a ring gear 8 communicating with a drive motor 11 through a gearwheel 9 and gearing 10. This rotary drive, comprising elements 8, 9, 10 and 11, is arranged upon a torque arm 13, with the interposition of a bearing 12. As shown in Figure 2, the said torque arm is guided in a hydrostatic bearing 14 and moves vertically, i.e. in parallel with the Z-axis.
Hydrostatie bearing 14 is arranged externally in a eylindrieal housing 15 whieh unites the two hydrostatic -2a-~o~
pivot bearings 5 and 6.
Guide cylinder 1 is closed off downwardly by a cover 16 resting upon a hydrostatic bearing 17 with an extension 18 supported by a transverse member 19, the right hand end of which is adapted to pivot downwardly upon a web 20.
In order t~ be able to detect and measure, without any reactive effect, force components and torques MX, MY, MZ
acting, when the apparatus according to the invention is in operation, upon the object to be measured, not shown in the drawing but secured to object carrier 3, measurement data transmitters 21, 22, 23, arranged in housing 2 cornmunicate with the said object carrier through transfer elements 24, 25, 26 and torque arms 27, 28. With the aid of the said data transmitters it is possible, very advantageously, to detect aF2d determine accurately the force vectors X, Yl, Y2 and Z, torques MX, MY about the vertical axis and torque MZ about the horizontal axis. Electromechanical strip strain gauge pick ups reacting to compression or tension, or piezo-electric compressive force pic~s ups, known per se, may be used very aavantageously as measurement data transmitters.
In order to be able to detect and measure accurately also forces acting vertically upon the object to be mea~ured, and therefore upon object carrier 3, a data transmitter 29 is provided at the lower left hand end of the measuring apparatus according to the invention illustrated in the drawing, the said data-'cransmitter communicating throuyh connecting element 30, transverse member 19, e~tension 18, bearing 17 and cover 16, with guide cylinder 1. Since t~rque arm 13, co~nunicating through the xotary drive with guide cylinder 1, is guidea, without JO fric'cion, in hydrostatic bearing 14 paral]el with the Z-axis, forces acting vertically upon the object to ~e measured can be deterrnirled and measured very accurately. In this connectionO
z data transmitter 29 can also be located, very advantageously, immediately below extension 18,-thus eliminating the transverse member, connecting elements etc.
For the purpose of measuring forces acting horizon-tally upon the ohject to be measured, at least two data transmitters 31 are provided, the said transmitters preferably arranged at an angle of 90~ to each other engaging with pivot bearing 5 in which cylinder 1 with ohject carrier 3 is guided.
Furthermore, the rotary drive comprising elements 8, 9, 10, 11 makes it possible, very advantageously, to rotate guide-cylinder 1, and the object to be measured secured thereto, as required about the Z-axis. In order also to be able to detect and measure forces acting upon the said object which are transferred to guide cylinder 1 and act in the direction of rotation about the Z-axis, it is highly advantageous to in-corporate into the said rotary drive a device, not shown in the drawing, for measuring the angle of rotation. A force measuring device 33 is also incorporated into torque arm 13, as shown in Figure 2, for measuring the forces transferred through guide cylinder 1 and the rotary drive to the said tor~ue arm.
The measuring apparatus according to the invention serves mainly for the determination of aerodynamic forces acting, for example, upon an object undergoing tests in a wind tunnel, for example, a flight model, aviation and space travel compone~ts, models of automotive vehicles, high rise buildings and/or parts thereof.
The measuring apparatus according to the invention, as illustrated more particularly in the drawing, thus makes it possible, very advan'cageously, to carry out very accurate, reaction free measurements of all forces acting upon the object to be measured, and is also noted for its compact and space ~aving design.
which is designed as a guide and which carries, at its upper end, a box-like housing 2 in which a spherical object carrier 3 is mounted rotatably ànd pivotably between hydrostatic bearings 4. The said cylinder is guided in turn in pivot bearings 5, 6 which allow it to move rotatably and longitudinally in the Z-axis. Pivo-t bearing 5 itself is also guided in hydrostatic bearings 7 which allow it to move horizontally. Secured to guide eylinder 1 is a ring gear 8 communicating with a drive motor 11 through a gearwheel 9 and gearing 10. This rotary drive, comprising elements 8, 9, 10 and 11, is arranged upon a torque arm 13, with the interposition of a bearing 12. As shown in Figure 2, the said torque arm is guided in a hydrostatic bearing 14 and moves vertically, i.e. in parallel with the Z-axis.
Hydrostatie bearing 14 is arranged externally in a eylindrieal housing 15 whieh unites the two hydrostatic -2a-~o~
pivot bearings 5 and 6.
Guide cylinder 1 is closed off downwardly by a cover 16 resting upon a hydrostatic bearing 17 with an extension 18 supported by a transverse member 19, the right hand end of which is adapted to pivot downwardly upon a web 20.
In order t~ be able to detect and measure, without any reactive effect, force components and torques MX, MY, MZ
acting, when the apparatus according to the invention is in operation, upon the object to be measured, not shown in the drawing but secured to object carrier 3, measurement data transmitters 21, 22, 23, arranged in housing 2 cornmunicate with the said object carrier through transfer elements 24, 25, 26 and torque arms 27, 28. With the aid of the said data transmitters it is possible, very advantageously, to detect aF2d determine accurately the force vectors X, Yl, Y2 and Z, torques MX, MY about the vertical axis and torque MZ about the horizontal axis. Electromechanical strip strain gauge pick ups reacting to compression or tension, or piezo-electric compressive force pic~s ups, known per se, may be used very aavantageously as measurement data transmitters.
In order to be able to detect and measure accurately also forces acting vertically upon the object to be mea~ured, and therefore upon object carrier 3, a data transmitter 29 is provided at the lower left hand end of the measuring apparatus according to the invention illustrated in the drawing, the said data-'cransmitter communicating throuyh connecting element 30, transverse member 19, e~tension 18, bearing 17 and cover 16, with guide cylinder 1. Since t~rque arm 13, co~nunicating through the xotary drive with guide cylinder 1, is guidea, without JO fric'cion, in hydrostatic bearing 14 paral]el with the Z-axis, forces acting vertically upon the object to ~e measured can be deterrnirled and measured very accurately. In this connectionO
z data transmitter 29 can also be located, very advantageously, immediately below extension 18,-thus eliminating the transverse member, connecting elements etc.
For the purpose of measuring forces acting horizon-tally upon the ohject to be measured, at least two data transmitters 31 are provided, the said transmitters preferably arranged at an angle of 90~ to each other engaging with pivot bearing 5 in which cylinder 1 with ohject carrier 3 is guided.
Furthermore, the rotary drive comprising elements 8, 9, 10, 11 makes it possible, very advantageously, to rotate guide-cylinder 1, and the object to be measured secured thereto, as required about the Z-axis. In order also to be able to detect and measure forces acting upon the said object which are transferred to guide cylinder 1 and act in the direction of rotation about the Z-axis, it is highly advantageous to in-corporate into the said rotary drive a device, not shown in the drawing, for measuring the angle of rotation. A force measuring device 33 is also incorporated into torque arm 13, as shown in Figure 2, for measuring the forces transferred through guide cylinder 1 and the rotary drive to the said tor~ue arm.
The measuring apparatus according to the invention serves mainly for the determination of aerodynamic forces acting, for example, upon an object undergoing tests in a wind tunnel, for example, a flight model, aviation and space travel compone~ts, models of automotive vehicles, high rise buildings and/or parts thereof.
The measuring apparatus according to the invention, as illustrated more particularly in the drawing, thus makes it possible, very advan'cageously, to carry out very accurate, reaction free measurements of all forces acting upon the object to be measured, and is also noted for its compact and space ~aving design.
Claims (4)
1. An apparatus for measuring a plurality of force components, more particularly force components based upon the forces in a flowing medium and acting upon an object to be measured, the said apparatus consisting of an ob-ject carrier and a mounting system in which the said object carrier may pivot, rotate and move both horizontally, i.e.
in directions of an X- and Y-axis and vertically, i.e. in direction of a Z-axis, being held in each of these directions by at least one force measuring device, characterized in that the guide for the object carrier is in the form of a cylinder guided hydrostatically in the mounting system and adapted to move rotatably and long-itudinally in the Z-axis, and in that the said cylinder is in communication with both a rotary drive and a device for measuring the angle of rotation.
in directions of an X- and Y-axis and vertically, i.e. in direction of a Z-axis, being held in each of these directions by at least one force measuring device, characterized in that the guide for the object carrier is in the form of a cylinder guided hydrostatically in the mounting system and adapted to move rotatably and long-itudinally in the Z-axis, and in that the said cylinder is in communication with both a rotary drive and a device for measuring the angle of rotation.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotary drive is connected, through a torque arm secured thereto, to a force measuring device.
3. An apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the torque arm is guided along at least one hydrostatic bearing surface parallel with the Z-axis.
4. An apparatus more particularly according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder comprises, at its upper end, a box-like housing in which a spherical object carrier is mounted to rotate and pivot between hydrostatic bearings, being held by torque arms through measurement data transmitters.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3144358.3 | 1981-11-07 | ||
| DE3144358 | 1981-11-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1190412A true CA1190412A (en) | 1985-07-16 |
Family
ID=6145920
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000415007A Expired CA1190412A (en) | 1981-11-07 | 1982-11-05 | Apparatus for measuring a plurality of force components |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4522074A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5887437A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1190412A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2516239B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3507957A1 (en) * | 1985-03-06 | 1986-09-11 | Pfister Gmbh, 8900 Augsburg | DEVICE FOR DETERMINING MOMENTS ON A MEASURING OBJECT |
| DE3508937A1 (en) * | 1985-03-13 | 1986-09-18 | Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., 5000 Köln | SIMULATOR FOR AERODYNAMIC EXAMINATIONS OF MODELS IN THE WIND TUNNEL |
| CA1289244C (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1991-09-17 | Helmut Mayer | Method and apparatus for determining moments acting upon an object under measurement |
| US4998441A (en) * | 1989-07-11 | 1991-03-12 | Aura Systems, Inc. | Force and torque measurement system |
| US5470354A (en) * | 1991-11-12 | 1995-11-28 | Biomet Inc. | Force sensing apparatus and method for orthopaedic joint reconstruction |
| AU2003290808A1 (en) * | 2002-11-13 | 2004-06-03 | Swift Engineering, Inc. | Positioning system for wind tunnel and method of use |
| FR2938060B1 (en) * | 2008-11-06 | 2010-12-24 | Ct Tech Des Ind Mecaniques | DEVICE FOR MEASURING CONSTRAINTS OF A VIS / NUT SYSTEM |
| CN112798220B (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-06-29 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Wind tunnel test device for tail boom type helicopter rotor wing model |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1220022A (en) * | 1916-12-12 | 1917-03-20 | Henry Sweeney | Target. |
| US1710135A (en) * | 1922-04-18 | 1929-04-23 | Albert F Zahm | Aerodynamic balance |
| US3583815A (en) * | 1969-05-01 | 1971-06-08 | Nasa | Angular displacement indicating gas bearing support system |
| US3613443A (en) * | 1969-12-22 | 1971-10-19 | Boeing Co | Large scale external balance for wind tunnels |
| US3866467A (en) * | 1973-02-20 | 1975-02-18 | Us Navy | Wind tunnel model support and measuring system with three-degrees-of-freedom |
| US4073188A (en) * | 1975-12-30 | 1978-02-14 | Slezinger Isaak Isaevich | Wind tunnel |
| DE2624647C2 (en) * | 1976-06-02 | 1984-07-12 | Pfister Gmbh, 8900 Augsburg | Device for measuring the forces and moments of a flowing medium acting on an object to be measured |
| US4107986A (en) * | 1977-04-04 | 1978-08-22 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Five component strain gauge balance |
-
1982
- 1982-11-01 US US06/438,514 patent/US4522074A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-11-05 FR FR8218564A patent/FR2516239B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-11-05 JP JP57195210A patent/JPS5887437A/en active Pending
- 1982-11-05 CA CA000415007A patent/CA1190412A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5887437A (en) | 1983-05-25 |
| US4522074A (en) | 1985-06-11 |
| FR2516239B1 (en) | 1986-05-23 |
| FR2516239A1 (en) | 1983-05-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |