CA1188069A - Arrangement in internal panels for eliminating cold radiating surfaces on walls, ceilings and floors - Google Patents
Arrangement in internal panels for eliminating cold radiating surfaces on walls, ceilings and floorsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1188069A CA1188069A CA000423948A CA423948A CA1188069A CA 1188069 A CA1188069 A CA 1188069A CA 000423948 A CA000423948 A CA 000423948A CA 423948 A CA423948 A CA 423948A CA 1188069 A CA1188069 A CA 1188069A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- air
- interior panel
- cavity
- temperature
- arrangement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
The invention relates to an arrangement in an interior panel (2) or the like having a rearwardly located space through which air which has been heated is arranged to flow, to eliminate the radiation of cold from a wall, a floor or the like.
In accordance with the invention, the space is confined and divided into at least two thin air cavities (4, 5), by means of an intermediate plate (3) which extends parallel to the interior panel (2) and which comprises a material having good heat-insulating properties. The heated air is arranged to be circulated in the air cavities, around the intermediate plate. Means (9) are provided for heating the air passing to the air cavity (4) adjoining the interior panel, to a temperature of at most some few degrees above the room tem-perature.
The invention relates to an arrangement in an interior panel (2) or the like having a rearwardly located space through which air which has been heated is arranged to flow, to eliminate the radiation of cold from a wall, a floor or the like.
In accordance with the invention, the space is confined and divided into at least two thin air cavities (4, 5), by means of an intermediate plate (3) which extends parallel to the interior panel (2) and which comprises a material having good heat-insulating properties. The heated air is arranged to be circulated in the air cavities, around the intermediate plate. Means (9) are provided for heating the air passing to the air cavity (4) adjoining the interior panel, to a temperature of at most some few degrees above the room tem-perature.
Description
6~
AN A}~RANGEMENT IN INT~RNAL PAN~LS FOR ELIMINATING
COL,D RADIATING SURFACES ON WALLS,CEILINGS AND ~LOORS
The present invention relates to an arrangement in internal panels or the like having rearwardly thereof a space through which warmed air is arranged to flow, there-by to eliminate the radiation of cold from a room surface, such as the surface of a wall, floor and/or ceiling.
The comfort criterion of a heated roorn is the so-called directive operative temperature. The value of this temperature is determined by the radiation climate and the air temperature at selected points in the room.
The radiation climate is affected negatively by room sur-faces which are cold due to transmission losses, i.e.
which ra~iate cold into -the room. An improvement can be achieved, by flushing the space behind the panel with air which has been heated, suitably supply air or exhaust air.
Because of the heat lost to the external surroundings, it is necessary for -the air to flow at a high rate, so as to prevent the temperature of the air stream, and therewith also -the temperature of the internal panel, from falling beneath room temperature on the outlet side. The heat losses and difficulties in achiev7ng requisite flow rates in a confined space have meant tha-t solutions of this kind are not totally realis-tic.
It is, however, highly desirable to find a solu~tion to -the problem o~ bringing the internal panel to a suffi-ciently high surface temperature~ uniformly over the whole of said surface, since tests have shown that the room temperature can be lowered one or two degrees while main-taining a comfortable room-climate, if cold-radiation from walls, floors and ceilings can be totally eliminated, by bringing these surfaces to a temperature which is substan-tially equal to the temperature of the room, or slightly higher. In this latter case, the surface which was pre-viously a cold-radiating surface is now a heat-emitting surface. This enables the number of other heat-emitters in the room to be reduced~ or renders the need for such further heat-emitters unnecessary~
~ .
806~
A solution to the aforesaid prob]em is afforded by the invention, by providing an arrangement of the kind described in the introduction with the characterizing features set forth in the following claims. The te~-perature curve followed by the air circulating around the intermediate plate, the surface temperature of the interior panel, and the total transmission loss are de-termined by a nu~ber of parametersO Among these are included the original K-value o~ Ihe wall, the internal radiation charac~eristics of the double cavity, the resistance to thermal transmission, air replacement, and the inlet temperature of the air. By passing the air (either in total or in part) through the air gap which lies closest to the innermost cavity, subsequent -to said air having passed the innermost air gap, the inter~
mediate plate is held at a higher temperature than in the case when the air is passed solely through the inner-mos-t gap (in the case of a single cavity). This means that when the air passes through the innermost cavity, it is not cooled as greatly as when passed through a single cavi-ty. This enables the air-flow to be lowered, or the inlet temperature to be lowered~ while still main-taining the panel at the same temperature level as in the single-cavity case.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to two dif~erent embodiments of arrange-ments according -to the invention illustra-ted schematically in the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 is a cross~sectional view of a wall pro-vided with a double cavity in accordance with the in-vention, and Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a wall having two double cavities connected in series, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 illustrates an outer wall 1 constructed in a conventional manner. Extending parallel with the inside of the wall, at a distance of~ for example, 5cm there~rom, is an interiGr panel 2. The space defined in this manner is divided by means of an intermediate plate 3 of suitable high-insulating material extending parallel with the interior panel 2~into an inner air cavity ~ and .~
an out er air cavity 5 . The interior panel 2 extends between a floor 6 and a c~iling 7 in a room 8, while the intermediate plate 3~ on the other hand~ is arranged to leave a free opening at the top and bottom of sàid plate. Arranged in the lower part of the cavity 4 is an elongate heating means 9, the affect of which is such that the air in the double cavity 4, 5 strives to flow in the circulation direction shown by the arrows, as a result of the cooling effect of the outer wall 1 on the air in the cavity 5, and as a result of heating the air flowing into the cavity 4 by the heating means 9. For the purpose of guiding the air flow in -the flow circuit, a an means 10 is arranged beneath the heating means 9. In addition, a narrow passage 11 is arranged to connect the double cavity 4, 5 with the outside of the wall 1, so that the same dew-point prevails as -that outside, thereby to prevent condensation in the double cavity 4~ 5.
The heating means 9 is preferably of the counter-flow type, and is connected to a hot water line and a return line (not shown), whereby a substantially con-stant temperature can be maintained along -the whole length of the heating means 9, along the lower part of the cavity 4.
Heating of -the air is so adapted that when the air enters -the cavity 4, it has a temperature which is only a few degrees higher than -the intended room temperature.
The air flow is set by means of the fan means 10, so t~at in the transitîon region from the upper part of the cavity 4 to the cavity 5, the air temperature is substan-tially equal to the intended room temperature, which can also mean a temperature which is about 0.5-1.0C
lower than said temperature The temperature of the interior-panel surface is then practically constan-t over the whole of said sur-ace, and, for example, equal to the intended room temperature.
With an outside temperature of, for example, -20C, cooling of the air in the cavity 5 may be so great t~at the temperature of -the air entering the heating means 9 reaches to only about 11C. With an effective counter~flow 6~
heat-exchan~er in the heating means 9, the temperature of the water supplied need only be about 25C, and the temperature of the return water about 13C. With a temperature difference between the incoming and outgoing circulation water o~ about 12C, the water flow may be equally as large as that employed in current practice in existing buildings. This means tha-t when additionally insulating existing buildings, the radiator-serving pipelines present therein can be used for connecting the heating means 9. A still greater advantage afforded by the arrangement according to the invention is that a heating system with a water tempera~ure of 25/13C can be supplied with low~grade energy, particularly solar energy with low temperature solar collectors of the simplest cons-truction having a high degree of efficiency at these low temperatures.
Figure 2 illustrates a variant of the arrangement illustra-ted in Figure 1, provided with a fur-ther double cavity 21, 22 on both sides o~ an intermediate plate 23J
in a space which is separated from the double cavity 4, 5 by a partition 24. The partition is arranged to leave a free opening at the bottom thereof, to connect the cavities 5, 21 and cavities 4, 22 through connecting passages 25 and 26 respectively, which are divided by a guide plate 27, which connects -the lower edges of the intermediate plates 3, 23.
In this embodiment, the temperature in the outer-most cavity 22 is even lower than is the case in the ~mbodiment according to Figure l~a-t low sur~ace tempera-t~lres, which means that the temperature of the re-turn water will be still lower. Consequently, the outer wall 1 can be ~esigned so as -to enable solar energy to be readily taken up by the air flowing in -the cavity 22, during the Spring and Autumn periods.
As beforementioned, the arrangement according to the invention can be also applied to ~loor and ceiling surfaces, which border onto unheated spaces.
Instead o~ a water-carried heating system, there may be used a hot-air system with central heating and a central fan means.
'?~
~88~6~
~ urthermore~ a minor part of heated air from the innermost cavity 4 may be released into the room 8, -through a valve 30, for :ventilati~g the room with warm, fresh air. Cold fresh air will then flow in through ;
.:
:::
~, , :
~ :
} ~
AN A}~RANGEMENT IN INT~RNAL PAN~LS FOR ELIMINATING
COL,D RADIATING SURFACES ON WALLS,CEILINGS AND ~LOORS
The present invention relates to an arrangement in internal panels or the like having rearwardly thereof a space through which warmed air is arranged to flow, there-by to eliminate the radiation of cold from a room surface, such as the surface of a wall, floor and/or ceiling.
The comfort criterion of a heated roorn is the so-called directive operative temperature. The value of this temperature is determined by the radiation climate and the air temperature at selected points in the room.
The radiation climate is affected negatively by room sur-faces which are cold due to transmission losses, i.e.
which ra~iate cold into -the room. An improvement can be achieved, by flushing the space behind the panel with air which has been heated, suitably supply air or exhaust air.
Because of the heat lost to the external surroundings, it is necessary for -the air to flow at a high rate, so as to prevent the temperature of the air stream, and therewith also -the temperature of the internal panel, from falling beneath room temperature on the outlet side. The heat losses and difficulties in achiev7ng requisite flow rates in a confined space have meant tha-t solutions of this kind are not totally realis-tic.
It is, however, highly desirable to find a solu~tion to -the problem o~ bringing the internal panel to a suffi-ciently high surface temperature~ uniformly over the whole of said surface, since tests have shown that the room temperature can be lowered one or two degrees while main-taining a comfortable room-climate, if cold-radiation from walls, floors and ceilings can be totally eliminated, by bringing these surfaces to a temperature which is substan-tially equal to the temperature of the room, or slightly higher. In this latter case, the surface which was pre-viously a cold-radiating surface is now a heat-emitting surface. This enables the number of other heat-emitters in the room to be reduced~ or renders the need for such further heat-emitters unnecessary~
~ .
806~
A solution to the aforesaid prob]em is afforded by the invention, by providing an arrangement of the kind described in the introduction with the characterizing features set forth in the following claims. The te~-perature curve followed by the air circulating around the intermediate plate, the surface temperature of the interior panel, and the total transmission loss are de-termined by a nu~ber of parametersO Among these are included the original K-value o~ Ihe wall, the internal radiation charac~eristics of the double cavity, the resistance to thermal transmission, air replacement, and the inlet temperature of the air. By passing the air (either in total or in part) through the air gap which lies closest to the innermost cavity, subsequent -to said air having passed the innermost air gap, the inter~
mediate plate is held at a higher temperature than in the case when the air is passed solely through the inner-mos-t gap (in the case of a single cavity). This means that when the air passes through the innermost cavity, it is not cooled as greatly as when passed through a single cavi-ty. This enables the air-flow to be lowered, or the inlet temperature to be lowered~ while still main-taining the panel at the same temperature level as in the single-cavity case.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to two dif~erent embodiments of arrange-ments according -to the invention illustra-ted schematically in the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 is a cross~sectional view of a wall pro-vided with a double cavity in accordance with the in-vention, and Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a wall having two double cavities connected in series, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 illustrates an outer wall 1 constructed in a conventional manner. Extending parallel with the inside of the wall, at a distance of~ for example, 5cm there~rom, is an interiGr panel 2. The space defined in this manner is divided by means of an intermediate plate 3 of suitable high-insulating material extending parallel with the interior panel 2~into an inner air cavity ~ and .~
an out er air cavity 5 . The interior panel 2 extends between a floor 6 and a c~iling 7 in a room 8, while the intermediate plate 3~ on the other hand~ is arranged to leave a free opening at the top and bottom of sàid plate. Arranged in the lower part of the cavity 4 is an elongate heating means 9, the affect of which is such that the air in the double cavity 4, 5 strives to flow in the circulation direction shown by the arrows, as a result of the cooling effect of the outer wall 1 on the air in the cavity 5, and as a result of heating the air flowing into the cavity 4 by the heating means 9. For the purpose of guiding the air flow in -the flow circuit, a an means 10 is arranged beneath the heating means 9. In addition, a narrow passage 11 is arranged to connect the double cavity 4, 5 with the outside of the wall 1, so that the same dew-point prevails as -that outside, thereby to prevent condensation in the double cavity 4~ 5.
The heating means 9 is preferably of the counter-flow type, and is connected to a hot water line and a return line (not shown), whereby a substantially con-stant temperature can be maintained along -the whole length of the heating means 9, along the lower part of the cavity 4.
Heating of -the air is so adapted that when the air enters -the cavity 4, it has a temperature which is only a few degrees higher than -the intended room temperature.
The air flow is set by means of the fan means 10, so t~at in the transitîon region from the upper part of the cavity 4 to the cavity 5, the air temperature is substan-tially equal to the intended room temperature, which can also mean a temperature which is about 0.5-1.0C
lower than said temperature The temperature of the interior-panel surface is then practically constan-t over the whole of said sur-ace, and, for example, equal to the intended room temperature.
With an outside temperature of, for example, -20C, cooling of the air in the cavity 5 may be so great t~at the temperature of -the air entering the heating means 9 reaches to only about 11C. With an effective counter~flow 6~
heat-exchan~er in the heating means 9, the temperature of the water supplied need only be about 25C, and the temperature of the return water about 13C. With a temperature difference between the incoming and outgoing circulation water o~ about 12C, the water flow may be equally as large as that employed in current practice in existing buildings. This means tha-t when additionally insulating existing buildings, the radiator-serving pipelines present therein can be used for connecting the heating means 9. A still greater advantage afforded by the arrangement according to the invention is that a heating system with a water tempera~ure of 25/13C can be supplied with low~grade energy, particularly solar energy with low temperature solar collectors of the simplest cons-truction having a high degree of efficiency at these low temperatures.
Figure 2 illustrates a variant of the arrangement illustra-ted in Figure 1, provided with a fur-ther double cavity 21, 22 on both sides o~ an intermediate plate 23J
in a space which is separated from the double cavity 4, 5 by a partition 24. The partition is arranged to leave a free opening at the bottom thereof, to connect the cavities 5, 21 and cavities 4, 22 through connecting passages 25 and 26 respectively, which are divided by a guide plate 27, which connects -the lower edges of the intermediate plates 3, 23.
In this embodiment, the temperature in the outer-most cavity 22 is even lower than is the case in the ~mbodiment according to Figure l~a-t low sur~ace tempera-t~lres, which means that the temperature of the re-turn water will be still lower. Consequently, the outer wall 1 can be ~esigned so as -to enable solar energy to be readily taken up by the air flowing in -the cavity 22, during the Spring and Autumn periods.
As beforementioned, the arrangement according to the invention can be also applied to ~loor and ceiling surfaces, which border onto unheated spaces.
Instead o~ a water-carried heating system, there may be used a hot-air system with central heating and a central fan means.
'?~
~88~6~
~ urthermore~ a minor part of heated air from the innermost cavity 4 may be released into the room 8, -through a valve 30, for :ventilati~g the room with warm, fresh air. Cold fresh air will then flow in through ;
.:
:::
~, , :
~ :
} ~
Claims (4)
1. An arrangement in interior panels or the like having a rearwardly lying space through which heated air is arranged to flow, to eliminate the radiation of cold from the interior panel, said panel forming a room surface, such as a wall surface, floor surface and/or ceiling surface in a building, characterized in that the space (4, 5) is confined and is divided into at least two thin air cavities (4, 5) by means of an intermediate plate (3) which extends parallel to the interior panel (2) and which comprises a material having good heat-insulating properties, in which cavities (4, 5) the heated air is arranged to circulate forwardly over the air cavity (4) adjoining the interior panel (2), around the edge of the intermediate plate (3) and back through the other air cavity (5), and then back to the beginning of the air cavity (4) adjoining said interior panel (2), and in that means (9) are arranged for heating the air upon entry to the air cavity adjoining said interior panel (2), to a tempera-ture of at most some few degrees above the intended room temperature.
2. An arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the confined cavity (4, 5) is ventilated to the ambient air, by means of one or more fine passages (11).
3. An arrangement accordi ng to Claim 1 characterized by means (10) for guiding the circulation air in a manner such that subsequent to the passage of the heated air over the whole of the air cavity (4) ad-joining the interior panel (2), the air temperature is substantially equal to the intended room temperature.
4. An arrangement according to any one of Claims 1 -3, characterized in that one or more of the surfaces facing the air cavities (4, 5;21, 22) reflect radiation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000423948A CA1188069A (en) | 1983-03-18 | 1983-03-18 | Arrangement in internal panels for eliminating cold radiating surfaces on walls, ceilings and floors |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000423948A CA1188069A (en) | 1983-03-18 | 1983-03-18 | Arrangement in internal panels for eliminating cold radiating surfaces on walls, ceilings and floors |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1188069A true CA1188069A (en) | 1985-06-04 |
Family
ID=4124822
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000423948A Expired CA1188069A (en) | 1983-03-18 | 1983-03-18 | Arrangement in internal panels for eliminating cold radiating surfaces on walls, ceilings and floors |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1188069A (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-03-18 CA CA000423948A patent/CA1188069A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |