CA1186925A - Process for producing products using holography technology and an apparatus thereof - Google Patents
Process for producing products using holography technology and an apparatus thereofInfo
- Publication number
- CA1186925A CA1186925A CA000413968A CA413968A CA1186925A CA 1186925 A CA1186925 A CA 1186925A CA 000413968 A CA000413968 A CA 000413968A CA 413968 A CA413968 A CA 413968A CA 1186925 A CA1186925 A CA 1186925A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- work chamber
- product
- materialized
- holography
- image
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Holo Graphy (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
This invention relates to a process for producing products by holography. The products are produced directly by the materialization of design data using the technology of holography which can optionally realize the spatial distri-tubtion of wave energies such as electromagnetic waves and sound waves, and by substantiating said spatiated design information of the products by the sublimation of a material gasified using the difference in wave energy levels in spatial distribution such as temperature difference.
This invention relates to a process for producing products by holography. The products are produced directly by the materialization of design data using the technology of holography which can optionally realize the spatial distri-tubtion of wave energies such as electromagnetic waves and sound waves, and by substantiating said spatiated design information of the products by the sublimation of a material gasified using the difference in wave energy levels in spatial distribution such as temperature difference.
Description
3~
This invention rela-tes to a process for making products using the technique of halography, and an apparatus for carrying out -the process.
Conventional machine tools generally are designed for manufacturing processes in which a mineral raw material is melted and refined to produce a material, which is solidified into a certain form, and then cut by cutting tools or laser. The machine tools themselves have a limited processing capability. Owing to the limitations of conventional machine tools, it is difficult to make products having a complicated internal structure or topo-logical features According to the present invention there is provided a process for making a product by holography comprising creating a real, three-dimensional, holographic image of the product from design data in a workspace, and materializing said image by supplying gasified material to said workspace and causing said material to condense differentially according to the spatial dis-tribution of energy in said workspace.
~ ith the present invention, products having a complica-ted internal structure or topological feature, or very small pro-ducts in an easy and direct way.
- The invention will now be described in more detail, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a cylindrical producttemporarily selected as a real image for computer halography;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the product as an inverse space of a halographic real image;
Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a method of section ]amination;
Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing a detail of the internal structure of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view showing an embodi-ment of the apparatus of the present invention (shown as the A-A
line sectional view of Fig. 6);
Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view of the apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a front view showing another embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; and Fig. 8 shows a sectional view taken along line B-B of Fig. 7.
Generally, with the technique of holography using a laser three-dirnensional real images can be synthesized in space.
In the present invention, the design data of a product previously obtained are processed by a computer to form a fixed, or tempor-arily or continuously varying hologram. The computer hologram is made into a real image with coherent light, to give a true size geometrical representation of the product in the three-dimensional space. The desired product is produced by converting said real image into a material product.
The production of -the hologram and the use of coherent light is only one method of reproducing the design data of the product in three-dimensional space. It is also possible to use other methods for the realization of said design data.
The method of materializing the real image involves making use of the temperature difference in the space occupied by the hologram. The low density part of the laser beam has a relatively low temperature, and the high density part thereof has a relatively high temperature. When the temperature difference is produced in a vacuum by holography, and the gasified material in the spaces is cooled from one side, the material is condensed in the space having a relatively lower temperature. Since the space in which said material is condensed corresponds to the space at a low temperature, the inverse space 3 of the real image of holography (the real image part has a high temperature because the laser beam has a high density) should be the space with a low temperature. That is, the real image 1 of the product (the space wi-th a high temperature) is produced in the real image.
When the vapor of the material is condensed, it must be ensured -that the vapor passes from gas to solid and does not melt (or liquefy) in the process of condensation. ~'his is for two reasons. First, the liquid is difficult to control by the process and apparatus of the present invention. Second, crys-tals after passing through the liquid state are of lower quality.
In order to make the vapor sublime, therefore, it is necessary to apply proper "cooling control" and "heating control".
This is also important to obtain the exact shape of the product, that is, if the materialized part of the product grows in an irregular shape in undesired zones, such a part is sublimed, or gasified, by heating to maintain the regular shape.
Cooling control is conducted as follows: Conduction is used for cooling the crystallized zone, and the crystals formed are cooled from an end. The relative cooling effect may be ob-tained by removing laser beams or gaseous materials from the zone.
- Heating control is conducted as follows: Heating ls carried out in the real-image part of the laser beam hologram.
In this case, the "limited space heating" method is used as a means to save energy on heating to prevent the irregular growth of crystals in already materialized parts of the article. As Fig. 4 showsl the growth of irregular crystals can be controlled by heating the space 10 surrounding the condensed part 9. when the partial extinction of laser beams from different directions due to mutual interference is to be avoided, either pulsed laser beams are employed, or the heated space is scanned successively, or a combination of both these methods is employed.
There are two methods of supplying laser beams to the required space. The first method is to employ ultra-short-wave laser holography, such as gamma ray holography. The real image can be produced in the desired space, perrneating through the already condensed space by the use of holography having per-meability. The second me-thod is to employ reflected beams at the surface of the condensed part. As Fig. 4 shows, the beams of light 11 incident from the opening surrounding the product reflect from the surface of the internal crystals and reach var-ious parts. The reason why this method is effective is that thepath of laser beams reflected can be calculated because the shape produced by computer laser halography is known as design informa-tion.
The section lamination method is useful for products Witil complicated internal structures or large products. As Fig.
3 shows. this is the method for producing the product 4 by materializing sections 5 having a thickness of ~z, and by grow-ing said sections successively as columns. This method is also effective for adjusting the quality of crystals by evenly supply- ;
ing the gaseous material and by controlling the rate of crystal-lization.
For improving workability, means to prevent vibration is required in order to produce an exact image in the specified location in space and to crystallize the material at said location. To accomplish these require-ments, a structure having an anti-vibration support mechanism using the "three-dimensional suspension" enabling expansion and contraction with a restoring force to three-dimensional directions is ernployed.
An example of holographic machine tools using the above methods is next described.
Fig. 5 is a plan view showing the main part of said example (a plan of the A-A direction of the example shown in Fig. 6), and Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view thereof. A table 13, on which the product 18 is placed is installed at-the center of , ~
~ work chamber 12 (e.g., a vacuum chamber). The design informa-tion of the product is spatialized by laser beams 21 radiated from laser holographic lenses 15 installed on the in-cernal wall of the chamber 12, and the gasified material flows from the gasi-fied material feed nozzle 16toward the specified space. The gasified material is collected in the gasified material collecting nozzle 17, and is again emitted from -the gasified material feed nozzle 16 after temperature adjustment. In Figs. 5 and 6, -the process for materia]izing the par-t of a thickness of AZ by the section lamination method, and for growing said part as frost columns is shown. In Fig. 6, the product is shown in three parts: the part which has already been materialized 20, the par-t which is being materialized 19 and the part which is to be materialized 18. The conductor 14 is connected to the part which has already been materialized 20 in order to cool the product.
The table 13 moves up and down to adjust the location of the product, and also worlcs as an elevator to remove the product from the work chamber 12.
When the product is produced from a plurality of materials such as alloys, gasified mixed materials are used.
When some part of the product is produced from a different material, the gasified materials are fed with a time difference, or in another method, the gasified materials are fed -to dif-ferent spaces.
With regard to the heat resistance of the work chamber 12 and other parts, when the density of the gasified material such as a metal is small, a high heat resistance is not required because of a small amount of heat. As the rate of production is increased, however, higher heat resistance is required.
The embodiments of the apparatus of the present inven-tion include: (1) an apparatus for producing products in a special work chamber 12, e.g., a vacuum chamber as shown in Figs. 5 and 6,
This invention rela-tes to a process for making products using the technique of halography, and an apparatus for carrying out -the process.
Conventional machine tools generally are designed for manufacturing processes in which a mineral raw material is melted and refined to produce a material, which is solidified into a certain form, and then cut by cutting tools or laser. The machine tools themselves have a limited processing capability. Owing to the limitations of conventional machine tools, it is difficult to make products having a complicated internal structure or topo-logical features According to the present invention there is provided a process for making a product by holography comprising creating a real, three-dimensional, holographic image of the product from design data in a workspace, and materializing said image by supplying gasified material to said workspace and causing said material to condense differentially according to the spatial dis-tribution of energy in said workspace.
~ ith the present invention, products having a complica-ted internal structure or topological feature, or very small pro-ducts in an easy and direct way.
- The invention will now be described in more detail, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a cylindrical producttemporarily selected as a real image for computer halography;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the product as an inverse space of a halographic real image;
Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a method of section ]amination;
Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing a detail of the internal structure of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view showing an embodi-ment of the apparatus of the present invention (shown as the A-A
line sectional view of Fig. 6);
Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view of the apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a front view showing another embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; and Fig. 8 shows a sectional view taken along line B-B of Fig. 7.
Generally, with the technique of holography using a laser three-dirnensional real images can be synthesized in space.
In the present invention, the design data of a product previously obtained are processed by a computer to form a fixed, or tempor-arily or continuously varying hologram. The computer hologram is made into a real image with coherent light, to give a true size geometrical representation of the product in the three-dimensional space. The desired product is produced by converting said real image into a material product.
The production of -the hologram and the use of coherent light is only one method of reproducing the design data of the product in three-dimensional space. It is also possible to use other methods for the realization of said design data.
The method of materializing the real image involves making use of the temperature difference in the space occupied by the hologram. The low density part of the laser beam has a relatively low temperature, and the high density part thereof has a relatively high temperature. When the temperature difference is produced in a vacuum by holography, and the gasified material in the spaces is cooled from one side, the material is condensed in the space having a relatively lower temperature. Since the space in which said material is condensed corresponds to the space at a low temperature, the inverse space 3 of the real image of holography (the real image part has a high temperature because the laser beam has a high density) should be the space with a low temperature. That is, the real image 1 of the product (the space wi-th a high temperature) is produced in the real image.
When the vapor of the material is condensed, it must be ensured -that the vapor passes from gas to solid and does not melt (or liquefy) in the process of condensation. ~'his is for two reasons. First, the liquid is difficult to control by the process and apparatus of the present invention. Second, crys-tals after passing through the liquid state are of lower quality.
In order to make the vapor sublime, therefore, it is necessary to apply proper "cooling control" and "heating control".
This is also important to obtain the exact shape of the product, that is, if the materialized part of the product grows in an irregular shape in undesired zones, such a part is sublimed, or gasified, by heating to maintain the regular shape.
Cooling control is conducted as follows: Conduction is used for cooling the crystallized zone, and the crystals formed are cooled from an end. The relative cooling effect may be ob-tained by removing laser beams or gaseous materials from the zone.
- Heating control is conducted as follows: Heating ls carried out in the real-image part of the laser beam hologram.
In this case, the "limited space heating" method is used as a means to save energy on heating to prevent the irregular growth of crystals in already materialized parts of the article. As Fig. 4 showsl the growth of irregular crystals can be controlled by heating the space 10 surrounding the condensed part 9. when the partial extinction of laser beams from different directions due to mutual interference is to be avoided, either pulsed laser beams are employed, or the heated space is scanned successively, or a combination of both these methods is employed.
There are two methods of supplying laser beams to the required space. The first method is to employ ultra-short-wave laser holography, such as gamma ray holography. The real image can be produced in the desired space, perrneating through the already condensed space by the use of holography having per-meability. The second me-thod is to employ reflected beams at the surface of the condensed part. As Fig. 4 shows, the beams of light 11 incident from the opening surrounding the product reflect from the surface of the internal crystals and reach var-ious parts. The reason why this method is effective is that thepath of laser beams reflected can be calculated because the shape produced by computer laser halography is known as design informa-tion.
The section lamination method is useful for products Witil complicated internal structures or large products. As Fig.
3 shows. this is the method for producing the product 4 by materializing sections 5 having a thickness of ~z, and by grow-ing said sections successively as columns. This method is also effective for adjusting the quality of crystals by evenly supply- ;
ing the gaseous material and by controlling the rate of crystal-lization.
For improving workability, means to prevent vibration is required in order to produce an exact image in the specified location in space and to crystallize the material at said location. To accomplish these require-ments, a structure having an anti-vibration support mechanism using the "three-dimensional suspension" enabling expansion and contraction with a restoring force to three-dimensional directions is ernployed.
An example of holographic machine tools using the above methods is next described.
Fig. 5 is a plan view showing the main part of said example (a plan of the A-A direction of the example shown in Fig. 6), and Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view thereof. A table 13, on which the product 18 is placed is installed at-the center of , ~
~ work chamber 12 (e.g., a vacuum chamber). The design informa-tion of the product is spatialized by laser beams 21 radiated from laser holographic lenses 15 installed on the in-cernal wall of the chamber 12, and the gasified material flows from the gasi-fied material feed nozzle 16toward the specified space. The gasified material is collected in the gasified material collecting nozzle 17, and is again emitted from -the gasified material feed nozzle 16 after temperature adjustment. In Figs. 5 and 6, -the process for materia]izing the par-t of a thickness of AZ by the section lamination method, and for growing said part as frost columns is shown. In Fig. 6, the product is shown in three parts: the part which has already been materialized 20, the par-t which is being materialized 19 and the part which is to be materialized 18. The conductor 14 is connected to the part which has already been materialized 20 in order to cool the product.
The table 13 moves up and down to adjust the location of the product, and also worlcs as an elevator to remove the product from the work chamber 12.
When the product is produced from a plurality of materials such as alloys, gasified mixed materials are used.
When some part of the product is produced from a different material, the gasified materials are fed with a time difference, or in another method, the gasified materials are fed -to dif-ferent spaces.
With regard to the heat resistance of the work chamber 12 and other parts, when the density of the gasified material such as a metal is small, a high heat resistance is not required because of a small amount of heat. As the rate of production is increased, however, higher heat resistance is required.
The embodiments of the apparatus of the present inven-tion include: (1) an apparatus for producing products in a special work chamber 12, e.g., a vacuum chamber as shown in Figs. 5 and 6,
(2) an aparatus for yroducing in ordinary atmosphere or in vacuum space without using a vacuum work chamber, and (3) an apparatus having a topo~ogical vacuum work chamber in between (1) and (2) above as shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
The embodiments of the process for materializing-the real image of holography which controls the crystrallization of gasified ma-terials include: (1) a process using electromagnetie holography, (2) a process using sound-wave holography (Sinee sound waves do not travel in a vaeuum, a medium such as an inert yas or a part of the produet whieh has already been materialized is used as a conduetor of the sound waves.), and (3) a proeess using eleetron-beam holography.
The apparatus of the present invention is useful as a maehine tool, whieh allows easy and at-will produetion of work-pieces of complieated internal structure or topological struc-ture, or minute produets that cannot be produeed by conventional maehine tools. With the aid of the present lnvention, freedom and varia-tion in the design of the produets can be expected.
~`
The embodiments of the process for materializing-the real image of holography which controls the crystrallization of gasified ma-terials include: (1) a process using electromagnetie holography, (2) a process using sound-wave holography (Sinee sound waves do not travel in a vaeuum, a medium such as an inert yas or a part of the produet whieh has already been materialized is used as a conduetor of the sound waves.), and (3) a proeess using eleetron-beam holography.
The apparatus of the present invention is useful as a maehine tool, whieh allows easy and at-will produetion of work-pieces of complieated internal structure or topological struc-ture, or minute produets that cannot be produeed by conventional maehine tools. With the aid of the present lnvention, freedom and varia-tion in the design of the produets can be expected.
~`
Claims (14)
EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS
FOLLOWS:
1. A process for making a product by holography, comprising creating a real, three-dimensional, holographic image of the product from design data in a workspace, and materializing said image by supplying gasified material to said workspace and causing said material to condense differen-tially according to the spatial distribution of energy in said workspace.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spatial distribution of energy is manifested as a temperature difference.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein computer holography is used to form said image.
4. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the growth of irregular crystals is inhibited in the materialized part of the product by heating the limited space surrounding the materialized part alone.
5. A process as claimed in any of claims 1 through 3, comprisingthe use of pulsed laser beams or scanning means, or the combination thereof, so as to avoid partial extinction of laser beams radiated from several directions due to interfer-ence.
6. A process as claimed in any of claims 1 through 3, wherein a real image is formed in a space which has already been materialized by ultrashort wave laser holography, such as gamma ray laser holography.
7. A process as claimed in any of claims 1 through 3, wherein a real image is formed in the desired space using the beams reflected from the surface of a materialized part.
8. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein products are materialized by the successive condensation of a gasified material as frost columns by section lamination.
9. An apparatus for making a product by holography, comprising a table in a work chamber in which the product is materialized, heat conduction means associated with said table for controlling cooling of a product in the table, laser means in said work chamber for forming a real, three-dimensional, holographic image of the product in said work chamber from design data, a feed nozzle for supplying gasified material to said work chamber, and collecting means for removing excess gasified material from said work chambers, whereby when gasified material is supplied to said work chamber, said product can be materialized from said real image by differential condensation of the gasified material due to the spatial distribution of energy in said work chamber.
10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said work chamber is a vacuum work chamber.
11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said work chamber is a topological vacuum work chamber.
12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9, comprising a plurality of lasers disposed around said work chamber.
13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein said lasers are pulsed to avoid mutual interference.
14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein said lasers successively scan said work chamber to avoid mutual interference.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000413968A CA1186925A (en) | 1982-10-20 | 1982-10-20 | Process for producing products using holography technology and an apparatus thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000413968A CA1186925A (en) | 1982-10-20 | 1982-10-20 | Process for producing products using holography technology and an apparatus thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1186925A true CA1186925A (en) | 1985-05-14 |
Family
ID=4123807
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000413968A Expired CA1186925A (en) | 1982-10-20 | 1982-10-20 | Process for producing products using holography technology and an apparatus thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1186925A (en) |
-
1982
- 1982-10-20 CA CA000413968A patent/CA1186925A/en not_active Expired
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