CA1185556A - Coke-oven-chamber door - Google Patents
Coke-oven-chamber doorInfo
- Publication number
- CA1185556A CA1185556A CA000420745A CA420745A CA1185556A CA 1185556 A CA1185556 A CA 1185556A CA 000420745 A CA000420745 A CA 000420745A CA 420745 A CA420745 A CA 420745A CA 1185556 A CA1185556 A CA 1185556A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- door
- plug
- oven
- steel plate
- chamber door
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Coke Industry (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure According to the invention, damage to coke-oven-chamber doors is prevented by means of heat-resistant plugs consisting of external door-body plates and internal steel plates, the lowermost of the plates, which overlap each other displaceably, being secured at the lower end and the upper-most plate being secured at the upper end. This leads to a specific longitudinal dimension of the overlapping plates.
Description
The invention relates to a coke-oven-chamber door comprising a heat-resistant plug consisting of an external door-body plate and internal steel plates which, for heat-insulation purposes, are arranged with one end displaceable.
Doors of this kind are used more particularly for coke-ovens, the wallsof which are fitted with heating flues which, in contrast to the design in reverberatory furnaces with quenched furnace-charge and first heating flues set back, comprise heating flues which are set forward and mechanical levelling of the furnace-charge. In the case of the relevant chamber-doors, the flame-proof plug serves not only to reduce the release of heat to the outside from the door-plates, usually made of cast-iron, to such an extent that the door-body structure cannot bend, but also to reduce the pre-heating stresses on the oven occasioned by the first heating flues, namely on the oven-heads and, more particularly, on the anchor-columns located in that area, in that it keeps the glowing coke sufficiently far away.
In known coke-oven door designs for coke-ovens of this kind, the plug consists of refractory material, for example in the form of brickwork resting upon a lower brick-holder and secured by lateral brick-holders, or of moulded brick, for example bolted to the door-body plate. The first heating flue in the wall of the chamber is usually located behind outwardly directed brickwork preferably made of slightly acid brick, the outside of which is supported, by a layer of heat-insulating material, upon the anchor-columns, the said brickwork carying the door-frame which is usually interchangeable. When the door is closed, the inside of the fireproof plug material projects into the oven-chamber as far as the first heatin~ flue. This protects the seal from the heat of the first flue and of the coke-cake. In order to accelerate the carbonization in the head-parts of the coke-oven, and thus to obtain a uniform coke-cake, it has been proposed, according to German OS 30 00 161, to provide the furnace-side of the plug with a coating having a greater degree of heat-conductivity than material of the plug. The coating makes no change in the overall dimensions of the door-plug, the said door-plug, without the said coating, being reduced by the thickness thereof.
The thermal expansion of the coating, arising during the coking process, may be compensated for by the use of metal plates as a covering. In this way, the supporting surface of the door-plug becomes the heating surface and can bring about better carbonization of the top part of the furnace charge.
A cushion of air or gas may be provided between the door-plug and the steel plates. The low heat-conductivity of this enclosed air or gas-chamber may be used outstandingly for heat-insulation. The distance between the door-body and the steel plates may be varied according to the permissible surface-temperature of the door-body. According to a known design, the steel plates have T-shaped stiffeners and are arranged so that the ends overlap each other in the down-ward direction. At these ends, the steel plates can expand freely, In the case of an oven 4 m in height, the steel plates should be no longer than 1 m. As the height of the oven increases, the length of the steel plates decreases by one tenth of the change in height. Thus, in the case of an oven 7 m in height, the length of the steel plates would be 0.7 m at the most. As a result of recurrin~ problems, the operational reliability of this door-system is far lower than that of conventional door-plugs, the damage being con-centrated in the lower part of the plates.
It is the purpose of the invention to adapt such door-plugs to rugged coking-plant operation. In this con-nection, the invention is based upon the concept that the cause of the various kinds of damage is the fact that, when the doors are removed - especially in a manually operated cycle - they are partly withdrawn and are then lowered, and the lowermost steel plate therefore rests upon the base.
Thus, the entire weight of the door rests upon the steel plate which, with its mounting, thus suffers considerable deform-ation. As the operation proceeds, the door is moved forward, at which time the lowermost steel plate grinds over the base to the frame of the door which is at a higher level than the base. As a result of this, the lowermost plate is bent for-ward and torn from its mounting. According to the invention, this kind of damage is eliminated in that the thermal expan-sion of the lowermost steel plate is directed upwardly, i.e.
in contrast to the other steel plates, the lowermost steel plate has a fixed point at the lower end, while the upper end is mounted displaceably to allow for thermal expansion.
This results in a specific, constant height of the steel plate at any degree of thermal expansion~ Another advantage is to be perceived in the dual function of the upper mounting with respect to the steel plate. According to the original concept, this mounting constitutes a longitudinally displace-able bearing for the steel plate lying thereabove. According to the invention it also constitutes a longitudinally dis-placeable bearing for -the lowermost steel plate.
In accordance with a particular embodiment of the invention there is provided a coke oven chamber door which ~` ~ 3 s~
comprises a fireproof plug and a door-body plate. The -fire-proof plug includes a plurality of steel plates with an upper and a lower steel plate having an end portion overlapping one another in the longitudinal direction of the plug. The upper steel plate is supported for displacement in a down-ward direction in response to thermal expansion thereof.
Means supported by the door-body plate to carry the lower end of the lower steel plate in a stationary manner such that the end thereof lying thereabove is displaceable upwardly in response to thermal expansion to maintain a constant height of the steel plates on the door-body plate.
In accordance with a further embodiment, a bearing support is carried by the door-body plate above the means, the bearing support including displaceable bearing parts each for one of two overlapping ends of the steel plates.
The bearing may further include a stationary bracket for supporting the displaceable bearing parts.
The uppermost steel plate of the oven door is arranged, if necessary, by using separate mountings and displaceable bearings, in such a manner that the end of the steel plate located at the upper end of the door is locked, the thermal expansion of the steel plate, or the change in length associated therewith, being directed down-wardly. All of the steel plates are arranged in such a manner that the lower end of an upper plate overlaps the upper end of an underlying plate.
The protection against damage afforded by the dimensions of the door which are specific at each temperature is increased by an extension of the door-holder in accordance with the distance between the door-body and the stee~ plates This extension is preferably in the form of a U-shaped section with a plate thereunder, the underside thereof also being provided with a slipper~
~ ~5~
The state of the art upon which the invention is based, and an example of embodiment of the invention, are illustrated in the drawing attached hereto, wherein:
FIGURES 1 to 3 show the existing design of door-body, and FIGURES 4 to 7 show different views of the door-bodies according to the invention.
According to Figures 1 to 3, the known coke-oven-chamber door is provided with a door-body 1 carrying a plug 2.
When in operation, the coke-oven-chamber door closes off the interchangeable door-frame of a coke-oven.
The said frame is generally located in the upper parts of the coke-oven-chamber walls which are provided with heating flues.
When in operation, plug 2 of the coke-oven chamber door projects into the chamber, whereas head 1 of the door bears externally against the door frame. Adequate sealing is provided by means of sealing element, not shown, between the door-frame and the door-body, the said sealing elements being in the form of steel sections, for example. Plug 2, being a hollow body, acts as a gas-collecting chamber through which gas produced during coking passes to a gas-collecting chamber arranged in the head of the coke-oven or to a riser-pipe in the vicinity of the coke-oven roof.
Plug 2 consists of a plurality of sections, sections 3 and 4 being shown in Figures 1 and 2. Each section 3,4 comprises a steel plate 5~ The individual steel plates overlap from top to bottom, so that the lower end of an upper plate 5 overlaps the upper end of a sub-sequent lower plate 5~
5 _ ~ 3 Steel plates 5 are fitted at each end with lugs,the lugs at the upper end of the plate being used to lock the end of the steel plate associated therewith, whereas the lugs at the lower ends are to provide a longitudinally dis-placeable bearing allowing for thermal expansion of the plates. The lug on section 4 at the lower end of the steel plate is marked 6, that at the upper end of section 3 is marked 7, while that at the lower end of section 3 is marked 8. Lug 6 is guided displaceably in relation to lug 7 by means of pins 9. A section sufficient for thermal expansion of steel plate 5 of section 4 exists between lugs 6 and 7.
Lug 7 is located upon a bracket 10 secured to door-body 1. Located between bracket 10 and lug 7 is a diagrammaticallyindicatedpin- or threaded connection which secures the upper end of section 3. The same arrangement exists at the upper end of section 4. A longltudinal bearing for thermal expansion is provided at the lower end of section 3 in the form of a bracket 11. Bracket 11 is secured to the door-frame and guides the lower end of section 3 by means of a pin 12 arranged displaceably in lug 8.
~ he cavity existing between steel plates 5 and door-body 1 constitutes a vertical gas-collecting chamber, through which gaseous coking products may, with advantage, be passed to the upper gas-collecting chamber and the riser-pipe. Due to the resulting favourable gas-pressure condi-tions, the pressure-joint at the door-frame and door, in relation to the pressure of the outside air, is so favourable that emissions from the coke-oven doors can be prevented with conventional sealing elements.
Steel plates 5 have high thermal conductivity, but this results in a supply of heat through steel plates 5 also.
This ef~ect makes it possible to allow the plate to project 100 mm less deeply into the oven-chamber which is the equi-valent of increasing the useful oven capacity while maintain-ing constant coking of the head-parts.
The coke-oven-chamber door according to Figures 4 to 7 differs from that according to Figures 1 to 3 in that there is a different suspension of sections 3 and 4 in con-necting area 13 and a different axrangement at the base of plug 2, this area being marked 14. At the joint with bracket 10, lug 7 is provided with an elongated hole 15 which permits thermal expansion of steel plate 5 in the longitudinal direction of the door within the framework of section 3. The connection between lug 7 and bracket 10 is by means of a pin illustrated diagrammatically, arranyed in bracket 10, and sliding in said elongated hole 15.
In area 14, the lower end of section 3 is secured with lug ~ to the ~racket marked 16.
Bracket 16 extends substantially as far as steel plate 5 in section 3 and is united with the underside by rneans of a slipper 17.
The thermal expansion of lowermost steel plate 5 is directed upwardly by the design according to the inven-tion illustrated in Figures 4 to 7. This provides a definite fixed point for the dimensions of the plug as a whole and the underlying door-holder.
The lower end of section 3 is reinforced by bracket 16 and is also protected from damage by slipper 17. This ensures that when the door is replaced there can be no damage to the structure of the door, the frame or the base brick, regardless of the method of operation of the door-operating machines.
Doors of this kind are used more particularly for coke-ovens, the wallsof which are fitted with heating flues which, in contrast to the design in reverberatory furnaces with quenched furnace-charge and first heating flues set back, comprise heating flues which are set forward and mechanical levelling of the furnace-charge. In the case of the relevant chamber-doors, the flame-proof plug serves not only to reduce the release of heat to the outside from the door-plates, usually made of cast-iron, to such an extent that the door-body structure cannot bend, but also to reduce the pre-heating stresses on the oven occasioned by the first heating flues, namely on the oven-heads and, more particularly, on the anchor-columns located in that area, in that it keeps the glowing coke sufficiently far away.
In known coke-oven door designs for coke-ovens of this kind, the plug consists of refractory material, for example in the form of brickwork resting upon a lower brick-holder and secured by lateral brick-holders, or of moulded brick, for example bolted to the door-body plate. The first heating flue in the wall of the chamber is usually located behind outwardly directed brickwork preferably made of slightly acid brick, the outside of which is supported, by a layer of heat-insulating material, upon the anchor-columns, the said brickwork carying the door-frame which is usually interchangeable. When the door is closed, the inside of the fireproof plug material projects into the oven-chamber as far as the first heatin~ flue. This protects the seal from the heat of the first flue and of the coke-cake. In order to accelerate the carbonization in the head-parts of the coke-oven, and thus to obtain a uniform coke-cake, it has been proposed, according to German OS 30 00 161, to provide the furnace-side of the plug with a coating having a greater degree of heat-conductivity than material of the plug. The coating makes no change in the overall dimensions of the door-plug, the said door-plug, without the said coating, being reduced by the thickness thereof.
The thermal expansion of the coating, arising during the coking process, may be compensated for by the use of metal plates as a covering. In this way, the supporting surface of the door-plug becomes the heating surface and can bring about better carbonization of the top part of the furnace charge.
A cushion of air or gas may be provided between the door-plug and the steel plates. The low heat-conductivity of this enclosed air or gas-chamber may be used outstandingly for heat-insulation. The distance between the door-body and the steel plates may be varied according to the permissible surface-temperature of the door-body. According to a known design, the steel plates have T-shaped stiffeners and are arranged so that the ends overlap each other in the down-ward direction. At these ends, the steel plates can expand freely, In the case of an oven 4 m in height, the steel plates should be no longer than 1 m. As the height of the oven increases, the length of the steel plates decreases by one tenth of the change in height. Thus, in the case of an oven 7 m in height, the length of the steel plates would be 0.7 m at the most. As a result of recurrin~ problems, the operational reliability of this door-system is far lower than that of conventional door-plugs, the damage being con-centrated in the lower part of the plates.
It is the purpose of the invention to adapt such door-plugs to rugged coking-plant operation. In this con-nection, the invention is based upon the concept that the cause of the various kinds of damage is the fact that, when the doors are removed - especially in a manually operated cycle - they are partly withdrawn and are then lowered, and the lowermost steel plate therefore rests upon the base.
Thus, the entire weight of the door rests upon the steel plate which, with its mounting, thus suffers considerable deform-ation. As the operation proceeds, the door is moved forward, at which time the lowermost steel plate grinds over the base to the frame of the door which is at a higher level than the base. As a result of this, the lowermost plate is bent for-ward and torn from its mounting. According to the invention, this kind of damage is eliminated in that the thermal expan-sion of the lowermost steel plate is directed upwardly, i.e.
in contrast to the other steel plates, the lowermost steel plate has a fixed point at the lower end, while the upper end is mounted displaceably to allow for thermal expansion.
This results in a specific, constant height of the steel plate at any degree of thermal expansion~ Another advantage is to be perceived in the dual function of the upper mounting with respect to the steel plate. According to the original concept, this mounting constitutes a longitudinally displace-able bearing for the steel plate lying thereabove. According to the invention it also constitutes a longitudinally dis-placeable bearing for -the lowermost steel plate.
In accordance with a particular embodiment of the invention there is provided a coke oven chamber door which ~` ~ 3 s~
comprises a fireproof plug and a door-body plate. The -fire-proof plug includes a plurality of steel plates with an upper and a lower steel plate having an end portion overlapping one another in the longitudinal direction of the plug. The upper steel plate is supported for displacement in a down-ward direction in response to thermal expansion thereof.
Means supported by the door-body plate to carry the lower end of the lower steel plate in a stationary manner such that the end thereof lying thereabove is displaceable upwardly in response to thermal expansion to maintain a constant height of the steel plates on the door-body plate.
In accordance with a further embodiment, a bearing support is carried by the door-body plate above the means, the bearing support including displaceable bearing parts each for one of two overlapping ends of the steel plates.
The bearing may further include a stationary bracket for supporting the displaceable bearing parts.
The uppermost steel plate of the oven door is arranged, if necessary, by using separate mountings and displaceable bearings, in such a manner that the end of the steel plate located at the upper end of the door is locked, the thermal expansion of the steel plate, or the change in length associated therewith, being directed down-wardly. All of the steel plates are arranged in such a manner that the lower end of an upper plate overlaps the upper end of an underlying plate.
The protection against damage afforded by the dimensions of the door which are specific at each temperature is increased by an extension of the door-holder in accordance with the distance between the door-body and the stee~ plates This extension is preferably in the form of a U-shaped section with a plate thereunder, the underside thereof also being provided with a slipper~
~ ~5~
The state of the art upon which the invention is based, and an example of embodiment of the invention, are illustrated in the drawing attached hereto, wherein:
FIGURES 1 to 3 show the existing design of door-body, and FIGURES 4 to 7 show different views of the door-bodies according to the invention.
According to Figures 1 to 3, the known coke-oven-chamber door is provided with a door-body 1 carrying a plug 2.
When in operation, the coke-oven-chamber door closes off the interchangeable door-frame of a coke-oven.
The said frame is generally located in the upper parts of the coke-oven-chamber walls which are provided with heating flues.
When in operation, plug 2 of the coke-oven chamber door projects into the chamber, whereas head 1 of the door bears externally against the door frame. Adequate sealing is provided by means of sealing element, not shown, between the door-frame and the door-body, the said sealing elements being in the form of steel sections, for example. Plug 2, being a hollow body, acts as a gas-collecting chamber through which gas produced during coking passes to a gas-collecting chamber arranged in the head of the coke-oven or to a riser-pipe in the vicinity of the coke-oven roof.
Plug 2 consists of a plurality of sections, sections 3 and 4 being shown in Figures 1 and 2. Each section 3,4 comprises a steel plate 5~ The individual steel plates overlap from top to bottom, so that the lower end of an upper plate 5 overlaps the upper end of a sub-sequent lower plate 5~
5 _ ~ 3 Steel plates 5 are fitted at each end with lugs,the lugs at the upper end of the plate being used to lock the end of the steel plate associated therewith, whereas the lugs at the lower ends are to provide a longitudinally dis-placeable bearing allowing for thermal expansion of the plates. The lug on section 4 at the lower end of the steel plate is marked 6, that at the upper end of section 3 is marked 7, while that at the lower end of section 3 is marked 8. Lug 6 is guided displaceably in relation to lug 7 by means of pins 9. A section sufficient for thermal expansion of steel plate 5 of section 4 exists between lugs 6 and 7.
Lug 7 is located upon a bracket 10 secured to door-body 1. Located between bracket 10 and lug 7 is a diagrammaticallyindicatedpin- or threaded connection which secures the upper end of section 3. The same arrangement exists at the upper end of section 4. A longltudinal bearing for thermal expansion is provided at the lower end of section 3 in the form of a bracket 11. Bracket 11 is secured to the door-frame and guides the lower end of section 3 by means of a pin 12 arranged displaceably in lug 8.
~ he cavity existing between steel plates 5 and door-body 1 constitutes a vertical gas-collecting chamber, through which gaseous coking products may, with advantage, be passed to the upper gas-collecting chamber and the riser-pipe. Due to the resulting favourable gas-pressure condi-tions, the pressure-joint at the door-frame and door, in relation to the pressure of the outside air, is so favourable that emissions from the coke-oven doors can be prevented with conventional sealing elements.
Steel plates 5 have high thermal conductivity, but this results in a supply of heat through steel plates 5 also.
This ef~ect makes it possible to allow the plate to project 100 mm less deeply into the oven-chamber which is the equi-valent of increasing the useful oven capacity while maintain-ing constant coking of the head-parts.
The coke-oven-chamber door according to Figures 4 to 7 differs from that according to Figures 1 to 3 in that there is a different suspension of sections 3 and 4 in con-necting area 13 and a different axrangement at the base of plug 2, this area being marked 14. At the joint with bracket 10, lug 7 is provided with an elongated hole 15 which permits thermal expansion of steel plate 5 in the longitudinal direction of the door within the framework of section 3. The connection between lug 7 and bracket 10 is by means of a pin illustrated diagrammatically, arranyed in bracket 10, and sliding in said elongated hole 15.
In area 14, the lower end of section 3 is secured with lug ~ to the ~racket marked 16.
Bracket 16 extends substantially as far as steel plate 5 in section 3 and is united with the underside by rneans of a slipper 17.
The thermal expansion of lowermost steel plate 5 is directed upwardly by the design according to the inven-tion illustrated in Figures 4 to 7. This provides a definite fixed point for the dimensions of the plug as a whole and the underlying door-holder.
The lower end of section 3 is reinforced by bracket 16 and is also protected from damage by slipper 17. This ensures that when the door is replaced there can be no damage to the structure of the door, the frame or the base brick, regardless of the method of operation of the door-operating machines.
Claims (5)
1. A coke oven chamber door comprising a fireproof plug and a door-body plate, said fireproof plug including a plurality of steel plates with an upper and a lower steel plate having an end portion overlapping one another in the longitudinal direction of the plug, said upper steel plate being supported for displacement in a downward direction in response to thermal expansion thereof, and means supported by said door-body plate for carrying the lower end of said lower steel plate in a stationary manner such that the end thereof lying thereabove is displaceable upwardly in response to thermal expansion to maintain a constant height of said steel plates on said door-body plate.
2. A coke oven chamber door according to claim 1 further comprising a bearing support carried by said door-body plate above said means, said bearing support including displaceable bearing parts each for one of two overlapping ends of said steel plates.
3. A coke oven chamber door according to claim 2 wherein said bearing further includes a stationary bracket for supporting said displaceable bearing parts.
4. A coke oven chamber door according to claim 2 wherein said means includes a slipper at the lower end of the plug.
5. A coke oven chamber door according to claim 4 wherein said means further includes a bracket for support-ing said slipper at a spaced location below the lower end of said lower steel plate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000420745A CA1185556A (en) | 1983-02-02 | 1983-02-02 | Coke-oven-chamber door |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000420745A CA1185556A (en) | 1983-02-02 | 1983-02-02 | Coke-oven-chamber door |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1185556A true CA1185556A (en) | 1985-04-16 |
Family
ID=4124479
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000420745A Expired CA1185556A (en) | 1983-02-02 | 1983-02-02 | Coke-oven-chamber door |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1185556A (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-02-02 CA CA000420745A patent/CA1185556A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |