CA1185471A - Refiner - Google Patents
RefinerInfo
- Publication number
- CA1185471A CA1185471A CA000404691A CA404691A CA1185471A CA 1185471 A CA1185471 A CA 1185471A CA 000404691 A CA000404691 A CA 000404691A CA 404691 A CA404691 A CA 404691A CA 1185471 A CA1185471 A CA 1185471A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- grooves
- abrasive
- refiner plate
- particulate material
- grit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A refiner plate segment has a plurality of radial bars spaced by grooves, and the grooves are filled to a predetermined depth with an abrasive particulate material.
Description
The present inven-tion relates to a refiner for use in refining fibrous material in the process of making pulp.
More particularly, the invention is directed to an improved refiner disc.
There are numerous types of refiners on the market using generally a pair of opposite revolving discs, and more particularly, centrifugal type refiners wherein the slurry is fed through an inlet adjacent the center of rotation of the rotating discs and whereby the chips or other fibrous materials in the slurry or stock are forced to pass by centrifugal force between the oppositely revolving discs such that the stock is subjected to fiberizing or cutting forces by means of generally radially extending bars provided on the surfaces of the opposed discs. There are many configurations of the arrangements of the bars on the opposing faces of the discs, and of course, the bars are spaced apart by grooves.
It is customary to have small dams in the grooves which extend roughly half the depth of the groove and which are spaced radially. The dams break up the channeling effect of the stock and force the stock to the shearing zone between the two discs.
It is an aim of the present invention to provide an improved disc for a refiner of the type described.
In a construction in accordance with the present invention, the grooves are filled to a predetermined depth with an abrasive particulate material.
It has been found in tests that the refiner discs operate at their best efficiency when the depth of the particulate material is less than the depth of the groove formed in the refiner discs, and thus a height of the bars projects beyond the surface of the abrasive particulate material.
It has also been found in tests that the refiner plates can be sharpened in place if occasionally the discs are provided alternatively wi-th at least one arcuate segment in which the abrasive particulate material in the grooves thereof are filled to project beyond the height of the bars such as to sharpen the flat surfaces of the bars on the opposing disc. This is not done, however, during operation, but only when the refiner is shut down.
Different theories exist as to why the efficiency of the refiner is improved by the provision of the abrasive particulate material in the grooves of the disc. One of those theories is that the particles of the abrasive material break away and mix with the slurry and contact the edges and flat surfaces of the bars and keep the bars sharpened.
Another theory which has been contemplated is that the extreme frictional surface provided by the bed of abrasive particulate material between the grooves (a surface similar to a grinding wheel) holds back -the fibrous material causing them to be further worked on by the bars on the refining plate, and in effect, replacing and improving on the system of providing dams in the groove.
The abrasive particulate material includes abrasive grit of metallic or ceramic substance mixed with a matrix consisting of metallic, ceramic or cementatious material~
The method by which the abrasive grit is applied to the refiner plates may vary, but it usually reguires the use of heat. For instance, a powdered metal mixed with -the abrasive grit can be placed in the grooves prior to any heat treatment of the cast refiner plate, such as heat treating for tempering the steel. The abrasive grit material could alternatively be mixed with powdered glass and water or with water glass and then placed in the grooves and fired.
Such abrasive grit could also be mixed with ceramic-type material and water and the slurr~ placed in the grooves and also ired up to an appropriate temperature.
The abrasive grit, alternatively, could be mixed with a fondu cement (an alumina -type cement) and waterO The slurry is placed in the grooves and cured in the manner of curing concrete.
The silicon carbide or tungsten carbide with an appropriate compound can be spread on the bottom of the grooves and fused to the base metal in a furnace. The coating of the base of the grooves would also meet the criteria of the present invention.
It has also been found that the abrasive grit can be applied to the grooves or the lands and the grooves by electroplating or, in fact, at the casting stage.
Having thus generally described the nature of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, showing by way of illustration, a preferred embodiment thereof, and in which:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal side elevation of a typical refiner showing, in cross-sectlonal view, a pair of oppositely revolving refiner plates, Figure 2 is a front face view of a typical arcuate segment from a refiner plate incorporating the present invention;
Figure 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a radial cross-section ta.ken along line 4-4 of Figure 3, Figure 5 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view similar to Figure 3 but showing a ~s~
different embodiment -thereof, Figures 6, 7 and 8 are radial cross-sectional views similar to Figure 4 but showing different embodiments thereof, Figure 9 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view similar to Figure 3 but showing yet another embodiment thereof:
Figure 10 is a fragmentary frontal view of the ~ breaker portion of a refining disc, Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 11-11 of Figure 10, Figure 12 is an elevational view of a typical disc including substitute sharpening plates for the normal refiner plates, Figure 13 is a cross-section taken along line 13-13 of Figure 12, and Figure 14 is an enlarged fragmentary view, similar to Figure 1, but showing the sharpening refiner plates in position.
Referring now to the drawings, the refiner is illustrated by the numeral 10 in Figure 1 and is of the type including a pair of revolving discs 12 and 140 The discs 12 and 14 revolve in opposite directions and are mounted on independent shafts 16 and 18 driven by xespective electric motors 20 and 22. The motors 20 and 22 and respective shafts 16 and 18 are mounted on a common base 24.
The refiner shown in Figure 1 is also provided with an inlet 26 and a deflecting spout 28 through which the stock is fed.
Each of the discs 12 and 14 are provided with a plurality of arcuate segments or plates 30 which are bolted to the faces of the discs 12 and 14. The arcuate segments 30 35~
are readily replaceable in view of the high wear to which these segments are subjected.
The working surface of the segments 30 can have a variety of configurations~ A simpler, more conventional plate 30 is illustrated in Figure 2 and has, as can be seen, three di~ferent radial stages of bars. In the first inner stage are provided large spaced-apart breaker bars 32. A
second radial stage has a series of more closely spaced-apart bars 3~, and a final third stage has smaller, yet more closely spaced-apart, bars 36. Between the bars 36 are grooves 38.
Grooves 35 are provided between the bars 34, and planar surfaces 33 are located between the breaker bars 32.
Apertures 38 are located in the segment 30 for bolting the segment 30 to the disc.
Referring now to the cross-sectional views shown in Figures 3 and 4, there is shown grooves 38 which are filled with an abrasive particulate 40. The level of the particulate is roughly half the height or depth o~ the groove 38 measured against the height of the bar 36. The abrasive particulate may be a silicone carbide, al~ina oxide, or a similar type abrasive materialO The grit sizes could vary between 10 and 120.
The particulate material would be held in the grooves by means of a resin binder. In tests which were carried out, a Ciba-Geigy resin AV~138M ~AToH998 was used.
The mix with the particulate material was roughly 50% resin and 50% 60-mesh particulate material.
It has since been ~ound that the particulate material which may be metal or ceramic material mixed with the abrasive grit, can be more advantageously secured in the grooves by using other methods besides the resin binder previously thought acceptable. The following processes have 5~
been contemplated with regard to applying the particulate material in the grooves of the refiner plate.
A powdered metal, such as powdered steel, aluminum or brass, may be mixed with the abrasive grit and placed in the grooves on the re~iner plate to the predetermined level and then heated to a level where -the metal becomes cementatious, and then it is allowed to cool to fiY~ the abrasive in the grooves. The above heating can be the same heating or firing in a furnace of the plates when they are being tempered after being cast.
I'he abrasive grit material could also be mixed with frits, namely, clay powdered glass and water, or with sodium silicate (water glass), or still with a ceramic type material such as aluminum oxide (A12O3) and water, and the slurry is fired to the proper temperatures~ Once again, the ceramic type of matrix could be formed at the tempering stage.
Still another method would include mixing "ciment fondu", an alumina type cement and water. The so-fonmed slurry including the abrasive grit is mixed and placed in the grooves on the refiner plate to its proper height, and it is "cement" cured. In other words, it is not cured with heat.
The abrasive grit could be a silicone carbide or tungsten carbide together with a spreading compound which is painted on the bottom of the grooves and is ~used to the base metal in a furnace. In such a case, the grooves are cast with a shallow groove as only a thin coa-ting o~ abrasive material would be provided in the grooves.
A successful test was conducted with nickel and chrome plating. The abrasive grit was mixed with the plating material and deposited by electroplating on the bottom and side walls of the grooves on the refiner plate. The abrasive ~35~7~
grit could also be incorporated directly in the casting step. In other words, sodium silicate (water glass) or another type material would be mixed with the abrasive grit and would be painted onto the male side of the sand mold in which the refiner plate is being cast. Once the casting is poured, the grit would adhere to the surface of the casting.
Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the disposition of the particulate material shown in somewhat concave surfaces within the grooves. The particulate material is illustrated at 140 with a concave surEace 142. The bars in Figure 5 are illustrated by numeral 136, and the plate or arcuate segment is identified by the numeral 130.
It is understood that the depth of the par-ticulate material in the grooves can vary from a mere coating at the bottom of the groove to a height close to the height of the bar. In Figure 6, the embodiment illustrated includes a plate 230, the particulate material 240, and a bar 236. In this embodiment, the grit size of the particulate material was varied in different zones. For instance, the grit size in zone 244 is smaller than the grit size of the particulate material in zone 246.
A similar embodiment to the one just previously described is shown in Figure 7, where in this case the grit size of the particulate abrasive material 340 is of constant grit size, but the level of the height of the material in the groove varies along a sine curve as shown at 348. In this case, the bar is illustrated by numeral 336 on the plate 330.
Figure 8 shows yet another embodiment of the arrangement of the particulate material in the grooves, including the material being intermittent in the groove. In other words, the grooves would be conventionally open with an ~35~
intermittent amount of particulate material ~40 between bars 436 on the plate 430~
For the purposes of sharpening, it might be of advan-tage to have the level o~ the particula-te material 540 higher than the height of the bars 536 on a sharpening plate 530, as shown in Figure 9. The sharpening plate 530 should also be a mirror image of the opposite disc 12 or 16 for purposes of sharpening the opposite disc.
The sharpening feature of the present invention could ~e accomplished in a different manner. If one refers to Figures 12 through 14, it is noted that, for instance in Figure 12, three refiner plates 630 have been removed from the disc 612 and have been replaced by sharpening plates 632.
The sharpening plate 632 would be the same as a refininy plate 630 except that it would be devoid of lands and would have a level surface of grit material which is just slightly higher than the level of a normal land. When the disc 612 including the three substitute sharpening plates 632 are placed back into the refiner, it is allowed to rotate a limited number of turns, and thus the grit material will sharpen the tops of the lands and, therefore, their corner edges.
Finally, it has been contemplated to provide an area of particulate material between the breaker bars 32, as shown in Figures 10 and 11.
The following Table shows comparison tests using the arcuate segments or plates 30 of the present invention in a conventional refiner, At the test site, a 36" Bauer refiner No. 36104 was used. In the first column, refiner plates of the type described in the present invention were utilized, and this is compared with the second column where a similar type of refiner plate was used but without the ~s~
abrasive particulate material. Finally, the third column illustrates a commercial refiner identified as the 50" Bauer refiner.
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More particularly, the invention is directed to an improved refiner disc.
There are numerous types of refiners on the market using generally a pair of opposite revolving discs, and more particularly, centrifugal type refiners wherein the slurry is fed through an inlet adjacent the center of rotation of the rotating discs and whereby the chips or other fibrous materials in the slurry or stock are forced to pass by centrifugal force between the oppositely revolving discs such that the stock is subjected to fiberizing or cutting forces by means of generally radially extending bars provided on the surfaces of the opposed discs. There are many configurations of the arrangements of the bars on the opposing faces of the discs, and of course, the bars are spaced apart by grooves.
It is customary to have small dams in the grooves which extend roughly half the depth of the groove and which are spaced radially. The dams break up the channeling effect of the stock and force the stock to the shearing zone between the two discs.
It is an aim of the present invention to provide an improved disc for a refiner of the type described.
In a construction in accordance with the present invention, the grooves are filled to a predetermined depth with an abrasive particulate material.
It has been found in tests that the refiner discs operate at their best efficiency when the depth of the particulate material is less than the depth of the groove formed in the refiner discs, and thus a height of the bars projects beyond the surface of the abrasive particulate material.
It has also been found in tests that the refiner plates can be sharpened in place if occasionally the discs are provided alternatively wi-th at least one arcuate segment in which the abrasive particulate material in the grooves thereof are filled to project beyond the height of the bars such as to sharpen the flat surfaces of the bars on the opposing disc. This is not done, however, during operation, but only when the refiner is shut down.
Different theories exist as to why the efficiency of the refiner is improved by the provision of the abrasive particulate material in the grooves of the disc. One of those theories is that the particles of the abrasive material break away and mix with the slurry and contact the edges and flat surfaces of the bars and keep the bars sharpened.
Another theory which has been contemplated is that the extreme frictional surface provided by the bed of abrasive particulate material between the grooves (a surface similar to a grinding wheel) holds back -the fibrous material causing them to be further worked on by the bars on the refining plate, and in effect, replacing and improving on the system of providing dams in the groove.
The abrasive particulate material includes abrasive grit of metallic or ceramic substance mixed with a matrix consisting of metallic, ceramic or cementatious material~
The method by which the abrasive grit is applied to the refiner plates may vary, but it usually reguires the use of heat. For instance, a powdered metal mixed with -the abrasive grit can be placed in the grooves prior to any heat treatment of the cast refiner plate, such as heat treating for tempering the steel. The abrasive grit material could alternatively be mixed with powdered glass and water or with water glass and then placed in the grooves and fired.
Such abrasive grit could also be mixed with ceramic-type material and water and the slurr~ placed in the grooves and also ired up to an appropriate temperature.
The abrasive grit, alternatively, could be mixed with a fondu cement (an alumina -type cement) and waterO The slurry is placed in the grooves and cured in the manner of curing concrete.
The silicon carbide or tungsten carbide with an appropriate compound can be spread on the bottom of the grooves and fused to the base metal in a furnace. The coating of the base of the grooves would also meet the criteria of the present invention.
It has also been found that the abrasive grit can be applied to the grooves or the lands and the grooves by electroplating or, in fact, at the casting stage.
Having thus generally described the nature of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, showing by way of illustration, a preferred embodiment thereof, and in which:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal side elevation of a typical refiner showing, in cross-sectlonal view, a pair of oppositely revolving refiner plates, Figure 2 is a front face view of a typical arcuate segment from a refiner plate incorporating the present invention;
Figure 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a radial cross-section ta.ken along line 4-4 of Figure 3, Figure 5 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view similar to Figure 3 but showing a ~s~
different embodiment -thereof, Figures 6, 7 and 8 are radial cross-sectional views similar to Figure 4 but showing different embodiments thereof, Figure 9 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view similar to Figure 3 but showing yet another embodiment thereof:
Figure 10 is a fragmentary frontal view of the ~ breaker portion of a refining disc, Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 11-11 of Figure 10, Figure 12 is an elevational view of a typical disc including substitute sharpening plates for the normal refiner plates, Figure 13 is a cross-section taken along line 13-13 of Figure 12, and Figure 14 is an enlarged fragmentary view, similar to Figure 1, but showing the sharpening refiner plates in position.
Referring now to the drawings, the refiner is illustrated by the numeral 10 in Figure 1 and is of the type including a pair of revolving discs 12 and 140 The discs 12 and 14 revolve in opposite directions and are mounted on independent shafts 16 and 18 driven by xespective electric motors 20 and 22. The motors 20 and 22 and respective shafts 16 and 18 are mounted on a common base 24.
The refiner shown in Figure 1 is also provided with an inlet 26 and a deflecting spout 28 through which the stock is fed.
Each of the discs 12 and 14 are provided with a plurality of arcuate segments or plates 30 which are bolted to the faces of the discs 12 and 14. The arcuate segments 30 35~
are readily replaceable in view of the high wear to which these segments are subjected.
The working surface of the segments 30 can have a variety of configurations~ A simpler, more conventional plate 30 is illustrated in Figure 2 and has, as can be seen, three di~ferent radial stages of bars. In the first inner stage are provided large spaced-apart breaker bars 32. A
second radial stage has a series of more closely spaced-apart bars 3~, and a final third stage has smaller, yet more closely spaced-apart, bars 36. Between the bars 36 are grooves 38.
Grooves 35 are provided between the bars 34, and planar surfaces 33 are located between the breaker bars 32.
Apertures 38 are located in the segment 30 for bolting the segment 30 to the disc.
Referring now to the cross-sectional views shown in Figures 3 and 4, there is shown grooves 38 which are filled with an abrasive particulate 40. The level of the particulate is roughly half the height or depth o~ the groove 38 measured against the height of the bar 36. The abrasive particulate may be a silicone carbide, al~ina oxide, or a similar type abrasive materialO The grit sizes could vary between 10 and 120.
The particulate material would be held in the grooves by means of a resin binder. In tests which were carried out, a Ciba-Geigy resin AV~138M ~AToH998 was used.
The mix with the particulate material was roughly 50% resin and 50% 60-mesh particulate material.
It has since been ~ound that the particulate material which may be metal or ceramic material mixed with the abrasive grit, can be more advantageously secured in the grooves by using other methods besides the resin binder previously thought acceptable. The following processes have 5~
been contemplated with regard to applying the particulate material in the grooves of the refiner plate.
A powdered metal, such as powdered steel, aluminum or brass, may be mixed with the abrasive grit and placed in the grooves on the re~iner plate to the predetermined level and then heated to a level where -the metal becomes cementatious, and then it is allowed to cool to fiY~ the abrasive in the grooves. The above heating can be the same heating or firing in a furnace of the plates when they are being tempered after being cast.
I'he abrasive grit material could also be mixed with frits, namely, clay powdered glass and water, or with sodium silicate (water glass), or still with a ceramic type material such as aluminum oxide (A12O3) and water, and the slurry is fired to the proper temperatures~ Once again, the ceramic type of matrix could be formed at the tempering stage.
Still another method would include mixing "ciment fondu", an alumina type cement and water. The so-fonmed slurry including the abrasive grit is mixed and placed in the grooves on the refiner plate to its proper height, and it is "cement" cured. In other words, it is not cured with heat.
The abrasive grit could be a silicone carbide or tungsten carbide together with a spreading compound which is painted on the bottom of the grooves and is ~used to the base metal in a furnace. In such a case, the grooves are cast with a shallow groove as only a thin coa-ting o~ abrasive material would be provided in the grooves.
A successful test was conducted with nickel and chrome plating. The abrasive grit was mixed with the plating material and deposited by electroplating on the bottom and side walls of the grooves on the refiner plate. The abrasive ~35~7~
grit could also be incorporated directly in the casting step. In other words, sodium silicate (water glass) or another type material would be mixed with the abrasive grit and would be painted onto the male side of the sand mold in which the refiner plate is being cast. Once the casting is poured, the grit would adhere to the surface of the casting.
Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the disposition of the particulate material shown in somewhat concave surfaces within the grooves. The particulate material is illustrated at 140 with a concave surEace 142. The bars in Figure 5 are illustrated by numeral 136, and the plate or arcuate segment is identified by the numeral 130.
It is understood that the depth of the par-ticulate material in the grooves can vary from a mere coating at the bottom of the groove to a height close to the height of the bar. In Figure 6, the embodiment illustrated includes a plate 230, the particulate material 240, and a bar 236. In this embodiment, the grit size of the particulate material was varied in different zones. For instance, the grit size in zone 244 is smaller than the grit size of the particulate material in zone 246.
A similar embodiment to the one just previously described is shown in Figure 7, where in this case the grit size of the particulate abrasive material 340 is of constant grit size, but the level of the height of the material in the groove varies along a sine curve as shown at 348. In this case, the bar is illustrated by numeral 336 on the plate 330.
Figure 8 shows yet another embodiment of the arrangement of the particulate material in the grooves, including the material being intermittent in the groove. In other words, the grooves would be conventionally open with an ~35~
intermittent amount of particulate material ~40 between bars 436 on the plate 430~
For the purposes of sharpening, it might be of advan-tage to have the level o~ the particula-te material 540 higher than the height of the bars 536 on a sharpening plate 530, as shown in Figure 9. The sharpening plate 530 should also be a mirror image of the opposite disc 12 or 16 for purposes of sharpening the opposite disc.
The sharpening feature of the present invention could ~e accomplished in a different manner. If one refers to Figures 12 through 14, it is noted that, for instance in Figure 12, three refiner plates 630 have been removed from the disc 612 and have been replaced by sharpening plates 632.
The sharpening plate 632 would be the same as a refininy plate 630 except that it would be devoid of lands and would have a level surface of grit material which is just slightly higher than the level of a normal land. When the disc 612 including the three substitute sharpening plates 632 are placed back into the refiner, it is allowed to rotate a limited number of turns, and thus the grit material will sharpen the tops of the lands and, therefore, their corner edges.
Finally, it has been contemplated to provide an area of particulate material between the breaker bars 32, as shown in Figures 10 and 11.
The following Table shows comparison tests using the arcuate segments or plates 30 of the present invention in a conventional refiner, At the test site, a 36" Bauer refiner No. 36104 was used. In the first column, refiner plates of the type described in the present invention were utilized, and this is compared with the second column where a similar type of refiner plate was used but without the ~s~
abrasive particulate material. Finally, the third column illustrates a commercial refiner identified as the 50" Bauer refiner.
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Claims (9)
1. A refiner plate segment comprising a plurality of radially extending bars spaced apart by grooves and an abrasive particulate material, including an abrasive grit of metallic or ceramic substance mixed with a matrix con-sisting of metallic, ceramic or cementatious material, provided in the grooves between the bars at a predetermined height less than the height of the bars.
2. A refiner plate as defined in claim 1, wherein laterally extending dams are provided in the grooves extending in the groove a height equal to the height of the abrasive matrix.
3. A method of preparing a refiner plate, having a series of radially extending bars and spaced apart by grooves, with an abrasive particulate material to a predetermined height in the groove including mixing an abrasive grit with a particulate material chosen from steel, aluminum, brass, sodium silicate, frits and water, aluminum oxide and water, casting a refiner plate to its final form, placing the mixture of abrasive grit and particulate material in the grooves of the refiner plate to a predetermined level, placing the refiner plate and particulate material in a furnace and heating the combination to a temperature sufficient to treat the plate to its required hardness and to melt the particulate material to form a matrix and anchoring -the abrasive grit in the grooves.
4. A method as defined in claim 3, wherein the particulate material is chosen from powdered metal, such as steel, aluminum or brass, and the stage of heating the whole is the same as the stage required to temper the cast steel forming the refiner plate.
5. A method as defined in claim 3, wherein the particu-late material is chosen from clay powdered glass and water or sodium silicate and is heated.
6. A method as defined in claim 3, wherein the particu-late material is a ceramic-type of material, primarily aluminum oxide and water, and is placed in the grooves and heated.
7. A method as defined in claim 3, wherein the abrasive grit is bound to the grooves of the refiner plate by mixing silicone carbide or tungsten carbide in a suitable paste, applying the mixture in the grooves of the refiner plate, and fusing the abrasive grit to the metal forming the refiner plate.
8. A method as defined in claim 3, wherein the abrasive grit is bound to the grooves of the refiner plate by mixing the abrasive grit with nickel and chrome plating material and electroplating the mixture to the grooves of the plate.
9. A method as defined in claim 3, wherein the abrasive grit is bound to the surface forming the grooves, including preparing a mold having a series of ribs separated by grooves, placing sodium silicate grit on the ribs in the mold and pouring a casting material in the mold such that the grit material will be formed on the grooves of the casting material.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US27141581A | 1981-06-08 | 1981-06-08 | |
| US271,415 | 1981-06-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1185471A true CA1185471A (en) | 1985-04-16 |
Family
ID=23035450
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000404691A Expired CA1185471A (en) | 1981-06-08 | 1982-06-08 | Refiner |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1185471A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010112667A1 (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2010-10-07 | Metso Paper, Inc. | Refining surface for a refiner |
| US10300489B2 (en) | 2014-06-30 | 2019-05-28 | Valmet Technologies, Inc. | Blade element for refiner |
-
1982
- 1982-06-08 CA CA000404691A patent/CA1185471A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010112667A1 (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2010-10-07 | Metso Paper, Inc. | Refining surface for a refiner |
| EP2414586A1 (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2012-02-08 | Metso Paper, Inc. | Refining surface for a refiner |
| CN102378840A (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2012-03-14 | 美卓造纸机械公司 | Refining surface for a refiner |
| EP2414586A4 (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2015-01-21 | Valmet Technologies Inc | Refining surface for a refiner |
| US9050602B2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2015-06-09 | Valmet Technologies, Inc. | Refining surface for a refiner |
| US10300489B2 (en) | 2014-06-30 | 2019-05-28 | Valmet Technologies, Inc. | Blade element for refiner |
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