CA1184765A - Process for making fuel pellets from organic fibrous material - Google Patents
Process for making fuel pellets from organic fibrous materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1184765A CA1184765A CA000424634A CA424634A CA1184765A CA 1184765 A CA1184765 A CA 1184765A CA 000424634 A CA000424634 A CA 000424634A CA 424634 A CA424634 A CA 424634A CA 1184765 A CA1184765 A CA 1184765A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- organic fibrous
- fibrous material
- bruising
- fuel pellets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
A PROCESS FOR MAKING FUEL PELLETS FROM
ORGANIC FIBROUS MATERIAL
A process for producing fuel pellets from organic fibrous material, in particular pineapple plant waste, which comprises bruising the material to a maximum particle size of 5 x the diameter of the holes of the die in the below-mentioned pel-letizer, whereafter the material is dried to 20-10%w of water on total material, optionally at least a part of the material is chopped, and then pelletized in a die pelletizer at a pellet temperature of 70-135°C.
A PROCESS FOR MAKING FUEL PELLETS FROM
ORGANIC FIBROUS MATERIAL
A process for producing fuel pellets from organic fibrous material, in particular pineapple plant waste, which comprises bruising the material to a maximum particle size of 5 x the diameter of the holes of the die in the below-mentioned pel-letizer, whereafter the material is dried to 20-10%w of water on total material, optionally at least a part of the material is chopped, and then pelletized in a die pelletizer at a pellet temperature of 70-135°C.
Description
A PROCESS FOR M~KING FUEL PELLETS F~OM
ORGP~IIC FIBROUS ~ATFIRLAL
This invention relates to a process for making fuel pellets frcm organic fibrous material and to fuel pellets thus obtained~
Such processes are already kncwn. Philippines patent 11922 for instance describes a process wherein the moisture content of ccmminuted fibrous material, such as sawdust, is adjusted to 16-28%w and the material is pelletized at a temperature of 163-177C.
According to the process of the present invention a much lower pelleti2ing te~erature can be applied.
Moreover it has been found that by bruising the fibrous material in a crusher, preferably a roll crusher, the cuticles of the material, if this is of the very wet type such as leaves, are damaged which results in a reduction of the dryiny time of 80-85% compared with only cutting the material, such as leaves into pieces.
Furthermore, this bruisiny results in considerable fibril-lation, which has a favourable influence on the coherence forces of the p~llets due to entanglement of the fibres.
Thus the present invention relates to a process for pro-ducing fuel pellets from organic fibrous material, which ccm-prises bruising the material to a maximum particle size of 5 x the diameter of the holes of the die in ~he below-mentioned pel-letizer, whereafter the material is dried to 20-10%w of water on total material, optionally at least a pc~rt of the material is chopped, and then pelletized in a die-pelletizer at a pellet temperature of 70-135C, preferably 70-120C, more preferably 70-100C. ~le pellets may be Eurther dried in the field .
~.
'765 If the organic fibrous material is of the very wet type, such as pine-apple plant waste containing more than 70 %w of water, the material is mechanically dewatered to 70 40 %w, pre-ferably 60-40 %W, of water on total material at the same ti~
bruising the ~aterial -to said maximum particle size. This mechanical dewatering is not necessary if the material has a moisture content up to 70 -OW, e.g. 30-60 %w, such as certain types of wood waste, e.g. mixtures of sawdust, bark fibres and bark chips.
Preferably the bruising is carried out in such a way that the particle size of the material shows some variation. The s~aller particles then fill the voids between the larger par-ticles, resulting in a lower pelletizing energy and a still better entanglement of the fibres.
If desirable, water or steam may be used during the pelletizing to facilitate the pellet-formation, e.g. 3-5 %w of water or steam.
Suitable diameters of the holes of the die pelletizer are in the range of from 5-30 mm.
The pellets preferably have a diameter of 10-20 mm, and more preferably 13-18 mm, and an average length of e.g.
20-60 mm. Preferably the pelletizing is carried out in such a way that some variation in the length is obtained, resulting in a higher bulk density and therefor lcwer transport costs.
According to the invention the material may be mlxed with other fine materials! e.g. coal or charcoal p~wder before pelletizing and then pelletized. Also the material may be mlxed with certain chemicals to prevent soot formation when burning the pellets, or with hydrophobic ccmpounds to decrease n~isture absorption of the pellets.
Furthermore the pellets may be treated with hot oil to carbonize the outer skin thus decreasing the moisture sensivity, making storage in wet surroudings possible.
m e present pellets may be used directly as industrial '7~5 fuel, especially in boilers for electric power generation, as well as for domestic purposes. They can also be used for thermal gasification or the manuracture of liquid and solid fuels, e.g.
charcoal by carbonizing e.g. by heating in a closed burning chamber.
The invention will in present Example 1 be elucidated ~or pineapple plant waste and in Example 2 for maize waste~ The present process is however also suitable for other cellulosic wastes, such as described in Philippines patent 13155, in partlcular those of a similar type.
EX~MPLE 1 Pineapple plant waste, e.g. from plantations, had a bulk density of 200-300 kg/m3 and a water content of about 78 %w on total material. The heating value was about 2-3 ~J/kg and the size below about 500 mmO This material, viz. leaves, ste~ and stumps, but predominantly leaves (65 %w~ was mechanically de-watered by squeezing on one or more three-roll-crushers to about 56 ~w of water on total material, while by the bruising action of the rolls the cuticles of the material, in particular of the leaves, were damaged to facilitate the release of water. This bruised material had an average length of about 35 mm, the majority being shorter than 60 mm.
The resulting cake was loosened in a rotary chopper to allcw for-effective drying.
The material was thermally dried to about 18 %w water on total material, with hot air in a rotary cascading drier in cocurrent flow with the combustion gases. ~ther driers, such as a grate stoker, could also be used.
The dried material was classified and the fragments larger 3 than 65 mm were adequately chopped in a xotary chopper to a size below 65 mm. me classified and the chopped material was pel-letized in a three-roll die extrusion pelletizer at a pressure of 7 kN/cm~, the holes of the die having a diameter of 13 mm and a length of 65 mm. During this pelletizing, which WAS carried out continuously, the friction and campaction in the die caused , ,, ~'r the temperature of the die and pellets to rise until a station-ary condition settled after about 15 minutes at about 80C for the dle and about 75C for the pellets.
The pellets had a diameter of 13 rnm an a length of 20-60 mm.
The pellets were then cooled with a forced air flow to room temperature, while being classified by a vibrating screen, and transferred to a warehouse for despatch.
The pellets had sufficient strength to be handled by mechanical conveyors. Their heating value was about 18 MJ/kg, their water content about 14%w on total rnaterial, their density 1.1 g/cm3 and the bulk density was 675 kg/m3.
The output of the pellet mill was almost 50 kg pellets per kilowatt hour electrical energy consumed by the pellet mill.
m e fines ex-screening may be recycled. The air ex-pellet cooler may be used as secondary air in the furnace of the drier.
As fuel for firing this furnace mechanically dewatered rnaterial, thermally dried material, or the pellets may e.g. be used. The amount required will amount to about 20%w, of the pineapple waste inta}ce.
Maize waste (stalls and leaves) with a water content of 62 %w on total material was squeezed and crushed to a water content of 48 %w on total material. This product was dried in a stove to 17 %w water on total material.
The length of the thus obtained straw feed stock before densificatio~ ~as about 30-50 mm and the bu~c density 135 kg/m3.
Pellets were produced with various diameters, i.e. 8, 10 and 15 I~n. m e length over width ratio of the holes of the pelletizer 3 was chosen between seven and eight in those cases. This resulted in an average pressure oE 11 kN/cm2 c~nd a material density of about 1.2 g/cm3. The temperature of the die became in stationary '7~;S;
operation 85C and that of the pellets 75C. The water content of the cooled product was 13~w. The output of the pellet mill was about 30 kg/kWh. The calorific value of the pellets was 19.8 ~/kg.
ORGP~IIC FIBROUS ~ATFIRLAL
This invention relates to a process for making fuel pellets frcm organic fibrous material and to fuel pellets thus obtained~
Such processes are already kncwn. Philippines patent 11922 for instance describes a process wherein the moisture content of ccmminuted fibrous material, such as sawdust, is adjusted to 16-28%w and the material is pelletized at a temperature of 163-177C.
According to the process of the present invention a much lower pelleti2ing te~erature can be applied.
Moreover it has been found that by bruising the fibrous material in a crusher, preferably a roll crusher, the cuticles of the material, if this is of the very wet type such as leaves, are damaged which results in a reduction of the dryiny time of 80-85% compared with only cutting the material, such as leaves into pieces.
Furthermore, this bruisiny results in considerable fibril-lation, which has a favourable influence on the coherence forces of the p~llets due to entanglement of the fibres.
Thus the present invention relates to a process for pro-ducing fuel pellets from organic fibrous material, which ccm-prises bruising the material to a maximum particle size of 5 x the diameter of the holes of the die in ~he below-mentioned pel-letizer, whereafter the material is dried to 20-10%w of water on total material, optionally at least a pc~rt of the material is chopped, and then pelletized in a die-pelletizer at a pellet temperature of 70-135C, preferably 70-120C, more preferably 70-100C. ~le pellets may be Eurther dried in the field .
~.
'765 If the organic fibrous material is of the very wet type, such as pine-apple plant waste containing more than 70 %w of water, the material is mechanically dewatered to 70 40 %w, pre-ferably 60-40 %W, of water on total material at the same ti~
bruising the ~aterial -to said maximum particle size. This mechanical dewatering is not necessary if the material has a moisture content up to 70 -OW, e.g. 30-60 %w, such as certain types of wood waste, e.g. mixtures of sawdust, bark fibres and bark chips.
Preferably the bruising is carried out in such a way that the particle size of the material shows some variation. The s~aller particles then fill the voids between the larger par-ticles, resulting in a lower pelletizing energy and a still better entanglement of the fibres.
If desirable, water or steam may be used during the pelletizing to facilitate the pellet-formation, e.g. 3-5 %w of water or steam.
Suitable diameters of the holes of the die pelletizer are in the range of from 5-30 mm.
The pellets preferably have a diameter of 10-20 mm, and more preferably 13-18 mm, and an average length of e.g.
20-60 mm. Preferably the pelletizing is carried out in such a way that some variation in the length is obtained, resulting in a higher bulk density and therefor lcwer transport costs.
According to the invention the material may be mlxed with other fine materials! e.g. coal or charcoal p~wder before pelletizing and then pelletized. Also the material may be mlxed with certain chemicals to prevent soot formation when burning the pellets, or with hydrophobic ccmpounds to decrease n~isture absorption of the pellets.
Furthermore the pellets may be treated with hot oil to carbonize the outer skin thus decreasing the moisture sensivity, making storage in wet surroudings possible.
m e present pellets may be used directly as industrial '7~5 fuel, especially in boilers for electric power generation, as well as for domestic purposes. They can also be used for thermal gasification or the manuracture of liquid and solid fuels, e.g.
charcoal by carbonizing e.g. by heating in a closed burning chamber.
The invention will in present Example 1 be elucidated ~or pineapple plant waste and in Example 2 for maize waste~ The present process is however also suitable for other cellulosic wastes, such as described in Philippines patent 13155, in partlcular those of a similar type.
EX~MPLE 1 Pineapple plant waste, e.g. from plantations, had a bulk density of 200-300 kg/m3 and a water content of about 78 %w on total material. The heating value was about 2-3 ~J/kg and the size below about 500 mmO This material, viz. leaves, ste~ and stumps, but predominantly leaves (65 %w~ was mechanically de-watered by squeezing on one or more three-roll-crushers to about 56 ~w of water on total material, while by the bruising action of the rolls the cuticles of the material, in particular of the leaves, were damaged to facilitate the release of water. This bruised material had an average length of about 35 mm, the majority being shorter than 60 mm.
The resulting cake was loosened in a rotary chopper to allcw for-effective drying.
The material was thermally dried to about 18 %w water on total material, with hot air in a rotary cascading drier in cocurrent flow with the combustion gases. ~ther driers, such as a grate stoker, could also be used.
The dried material was classified and the fragments larger 3 than 65 mm were adequately chopped in a xotary chopper to a size below 65 mm. me classified and the chopped material was pel-letized in a three-roll die extrusion pelletizer at a pressure of 7 kN/cm~, the holes of the die having a diameter of 13 mm and a length of 65 mm. During this pelletizing, which WAS carried out continuously, the friction and campaction in the die caused , ,, ~'r the temperature of the die and pellets to rise until a station-ary condition settled after about 15 minutes at about 80C for the dle and about 75C for the pellets.
The pellets had a diameter of 13 rnm an a length of 20-60 mm.
The pellets were then cooled with a forced air flow to room temperature, while being classified by a vibrating screen, and transferred to a warehouse for despatch.
The pellets had sufficient strength to be handled by mechanical conveyors. Their heating value was about 18 MJ/kg, their water content about 14%w on total rnaterial, their density 1.1 g/cm3 and the bulk density was 675 kg/m3.
The output of the pellet mill was almost 50 kg pellets per kilowatt hour electrical energy consumed by the pellet mill.
m e fines ex-screening may be recycled. The air ex-pellet cooler may be used as secondary air in the furnace of the drier.
As fuel for firing this furnace mechanically dewatered rnaterial, thermally dried material, or the pellets may e.g. be used. The amount required will amount to about 20%w, of the pineapple waste inta}ce.
Maize waste (stalls and leaves) with a water content of 62 %w on total material was squeezed and crushed to a water content of 48 %w on total material. This product was dried in a stove to 17 %w water on total material.
The length of the thus obtained straw feed stock before densificatio~ ~as about 30-50 mm and the bu~c density 135 kg/m3.
Pellets were produced with various diameters, i.e. 8, 10 and 15 I~n. m e length over width ratio of the holes of the pelletizer 3 was chosen between seven and eight in those cases. This resulted in an average pressure oE 11 kN/cm2 c~nd a material density of about 1.2 g/cm3. The temperature of the die became in stationary '7~;S;
operation 85C and that of the pellets 75C. The water content of the cooled product was 13~w. The output of the pellet mill was about 30 kg/kWh. The calorific value of the pellets was 19.8 ~/kg.
Claims (20)
1. A process for producing fuel pellets from organic fibrous material, which comprises bruising the material to a maximum particle size of 5 x the diameter of the holes of the die in a pelletizer, whereafter the material is dried to 20-10%w of water on total.
material, and then pelletized in the die pelletizer at a pellet temperature of 70-135°C.
material, and then pelletized in the die pelletizer at a pellet temperature of 70-135°C.
2. A process according to claim l, wherein at least part of the dried material is chopped prior to the pelletizing.
3. A process according to claim l, wherein the organic fibrous material is mechanically dewatered to 70-40%w of water on total material at the same time bruising the material to said maximum particle size.
4. A process according to claim 2, wherein the organic fibrous material is mechanically dewatered to 70-40%w of water on total material at the same time bruising the material to said maximum particle size.
5. A process according to claim l, wherein the organic fibrous material is mechanically dewatered to 60 to 40%w of water based on total material, while bruising to said maximum particle size.
6. A process according to claim 2, wherein the organic fibrous material is mechanically dewatered to 60 to 40%w of water based on total material, while bruising to said maximum particle size.
7. A process according to claim l, 2 or 3, wherein the pelletizing is carried out at a pellet temperature of 70-120°C.
8. A process according to claim 4, 5 or 6, wherein the pelletizing is carried out at a pellet temperature of 70-120°C.
9. A process according to claim l, 3 or 4, wherein the organic fibrous material is pineapple plant waste.
10. A process according to claim l, 2 or 3, wherein the organic fibrous material is maize waste.
11. A process according to claim l, 2 or 3, wherein the pelletizing is carried out in the pre-sence of water or steam.
12. A process according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the pelletizing is carried out to form pellets having a diameter of 10-20 mm and a length of 20-60 mm.
13. A process according to claim 4, 5 or 6, wherein the pelletizing is carried out to form pellets having a diameter of 10-20 mm and a length of 20-60 mm.
14. A process according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the bruising is carried out in a roll crusher.
15. A process according to claim 4, 5 or 6, wherein the bruising is carried out in a roll crusher.
16. Fuel pellets produced by the process of claim 1.
17. Fuel pellets according to claim 16, which are at least partially carbonized.
18. Fuel pellets according to claim 16, having a diameter of 10-20 mm and a length of 20-60 mm.
19. Fuel pellets according to claim 17, having a diameter of 10-20 mm and a length of 20-60 mm.
20. Fuel pellets according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the organic fibrous material is pineapple plant waste or maize waste.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08211782A GB2118966B (en) | 1982-04-23 | 1982-04-23 | A process for making fuel pellets from organic fibrous material |
| GB8211782 | 1982-04-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1184765A true CA1184765A (en) | 1985-04-02 |
Family
ID=10529897
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000424634A Expired CA1184765A (en) | 1982-04-23 | 1983-03-28 | Process for making fuel pellets from organic fibrous material |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT385515B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU552834B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8302037A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1184765A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI75863C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2525624A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2118966B (en) |
| KE (1) | KE3817A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ203969A (en) |
| PH (1) | PH19064A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8302262L (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4341438C2 (en) * | 1993-12-04 | 2000-07-13 | Binsmaier Hannelore | Modular power plant for the production of mainly hydrogen from solar energy |
| NL1013007C2 (en) | 1999-09-09 | 2001-03-12 | Dsm Nv | Method for manufacturing fuel granules. |
| DE202006008516U1 (en) * | 2006-05-28 | 2007-10-04 | Blieninger Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pellets for heating purposes |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1580299A (en) * | 1925-01-21 | 1926-04-13 | Leroy F Pike | Process for briquetting wood particles and product thereof |
| US4324561A (en) * | 1975-06-26 | 1982-04-13 | Nipac, Ltd. | Combustible fuel pellets formed from botanical material |
| US4015951A (en) * | 1976-01-05 | 1977-04-05 | Gunnerman Rudolf W | Fuel pellets and method for making them from organic fibrous materials |
-
1982
- 1982-04-23 GB GB08211782A patent/GB2118966B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-21 PH PH27328A patent/PH19064A/en unknown
-
1983
- 1983-03-28 CA CA000424634A patent/CA1184765A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-20 BR BR8302037A patent/BR8302037A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-04-21 AT AT145583A patent/AT385515B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-04-21 NZ NZ20396983A patent/NZ203969A/en unknown
- 1983-04-21 FR FR8306570A patent/FR2525624A1/en active Granted
- 1983-04-21 FI FI831369A patent/FI75863C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-04-21 AU AU13848/83A patent/AU552834B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-04-21 SE SE8302262A patent/SE8302262L/en unknown
-
1988
- 1988-05-10 KE KE381788A patent/KE3817A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATA145583A (en) | 1987-09-15 |
| AT385515B (en) | 1988-04-11 |
| FI75863B (en) | 1988-04-29 |
| SE8302262D0 (en) | 1983-04-21 |
| FI75863C (en) | 1988-08-08 |
| FR2525624A1 (en) | 1983-10-28 |
| PH19064A (en) | 1985-12-17 |
| FI831369L (en) | 1983-10-24 |
| SE8302262L (en) | 1983-10-24 |
| AU552834B2 (en) | 1986-06-19 |
| FI831369A0 (en) | 1983-04-21 |
| AU1384883A (en) | 1983-10-27 |
| KE3817A (en) | 1988-08-05 |
| FR2525624B1 (en) | 1985-05-24 |
| GB2118966B (en) | 1985-09-11 |
| BR8302037A (en) | 1983-12-27 |
| NZ203969A (en) | 1985-08-30 |
| GB2118966A (en) | 1983-11-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |