CA1183358A - Apparatus for making and maintaining an ice surface - Google Patents
Apparatus for making and maintaining an ice surfaceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1183358A CA1183358A CA000425098A CA425098A CA1183358A CA 1183358 A CA1183358 A CA 1183358A CA 000425098 A CA000425098 A CA 000425098A CA 425098 A CA425098 A CA 425098A CA 1183358 A CA1183358 A CA 1183358A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- module
- tubular sections
- header
- modules
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A plurality of flexible plastic strips made up of elongated extruded modules with each module including a plurality of parallel tubular sections spaced apart by continuous webs with each strip being laid out on an area on which ice is to be made. The tubular sections of the modules of each strip are individually connected to a supply header and a return header, and at the other end of the strip, a common closed header allows brine to be circulated through alternating tubes.
A plurality of flexible plastic strips made up of elongated extruded modules with each module including a plurality of parallel tubular sections spaced apart by continuous webs with each strip being laid out on an area on which ice is to be made. The tubular sections of the modules of each strip are individually connected to a supply header and a return header, and at the other end of the strip, a common closed header allows brine to be circulated through alternating tubes.
Description
335~
The present invention relates to an apparatus for making and maintaining artificial ice surfaces', and more particularly', to a tubing arrangement to be removably laid out and disposed throughout an area on which the ice surface is to be fo~med.
Canadian Patent 953',523 teaches the use of a plurality of small bore, flexible plastic tubing which has been preassembled into mats of multiple tube lengths', and each -tube is individually connected to supply and return headers. Spaced-apart spacer attachments connect the tubes together and form a grid.
It is an aim of the present invention to provide an improved apparatus for making and maintaining an ice surface which is an improvement over Canadian Patent 953',523 in that it provides a more uniform circulation of the refrigerant material', thereby producing a more uniform and even temperature gradient along the surface of the area covered by the tubes.
It is a further aim of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus which is more economical to manufacture and apply.
A construction in accordance with the present invention comprises a plurality of elongated strips adapted to be laid on a predetermined area', each comprising at least a strip module extending longitudinally', each strip module being a flexible extruded plastic member including a plurality of parallel tubular sections interspaced by integral web portions, the web portions being in a common plane and the longitudinal edges of each module having web extensions form-ing wings adapted for attachment with similar wings of adjacent strip modules to form the strip.
In a more specific embodiment, alternatin~ tubular sections of a strip are connected at one end of the strip 33~3~3 to a supply header, and the remaining alternative tube sections being connected to a return header at the same end of the strip', and a common closed header being connected to each tubular section at the other end of ~he strip In a more specific embodiment of the present in-vention, each strip is made up of a plurality of modules connected along their respective wings', a plurality of strips bein~ laid side by side on an area on which an ice surface is to be made and maintained.
Accordingly', the integral web construction of each strip prevents the tubular sections from being separated or undulating, thus maintaining a constant spacing between each tubular section and at even distance from ice sheet surface thereby enhancing the preven~ion of soft spots in the ice sur~ace. Soft spots are formed coincidental with areas between tubes which have been separated due to the flexibility of the tubes between ~he attachments of the type shown in Canadian Patent 953',523. Furthermore', it has been found that the provision of the integral and continuous webs ~0 between the tube sections provides a greater surface of thermal conductivity in contact with the water or ice so formed', thereby presenting a more efficient and greater uniformity of the thermal yradient across the ice surface', besides avoidin~ the necessity of adding other matters, such as sand and masonry.
Each independently laid strip is made up as described by extruded flexible plastic modules~ In a very specific embodiment', each module is made up of five tube sections with integral webs and wings. Each strip ~ncludes nine modules attached along their respective wings. The labor required for assembling the various strips is ~reatly reduced as compared to the assembly of the mats described in 3;~5~
Canadian Patent 953',523, given the ~act that the individual tubes are extruded and must be assemblea to form the mat.
The supply and return header arrangement is also an improvement as the tubular sections need not be bent or otherwise adapted for the return flow of the refrigerant liquid. A closed header connects all of the tubular sections of the strip at one end thereof', offering a pool of liquid for the return', thereby decreasing the pressure loss at the remote end of the tubular sections. The header diameter is several times larger than the flexible tubes, thus providing lower flow rate and avoidance of obturation.
The continuous webs between the tube sections may be provided with apertures to allow water to seep below the webs and air to escape from beneath at start-up. At the same time, the drainage of water is sufficiently controlled in order to speed up the formation of initial ice.
Having thus generally described the nature of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, showing by way of illustration', a preferred embodi-ment thereof', and in which:
Figure 1 is a top plan schematic view of a typical ice hockey rink embodying an ice-making apparatus in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is a fragmentary top plan view showing details of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a vertical cross-section taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a perspective enlarged fragmentary view of a detail of the present invention, and Figure 5 is a vertical cross section showing an embodiment of the present invention in a stored inoperative position.
Referring now to the drawings and particularly Figure 1', there is sho~n a typical ice hockey rink 10 having peripheral boards 12 defining an ice surface area A. The area A is covered, in the present embodiment', with a plurality of strips 14a, 14b', 14c... with the longitudinal axis of the strips extending laterally of the area A', the strips being laid side by side to cover the total area.
As in a conventional ice-making apparatus', t'here is a refrigeration plant 20 adapted to circulate brine or other refrigerating fluid through supply pipes 16 and return pipes 18.
Æach of the strips 14a', 14b', 14c', is provided with an individual supply header 22 and a return header 24 at one end of the strip 14, as shown in Figure 20 At the other end of the strip, a closed header 26 is also provided. The supply header 22 and return h0ader 24 communicate with the ~supply pipe 16 and return pipe 18 respectively by means of respective flexible hoses 28 and 30.
Each strip 14 is made up of a plurality of modules 32a', 32b.. ., as shown in Figure 2. Each module 32 is an extrusion of approximately 5-3/4 inches wide and cut in lengths of 85 feet~ and is preferably made of ethylene vinyl acetate (or other flexible and compatible material). Each extruded module 32, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, includes five tube sections 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d and 34e spaced by integral webs 36a, 36b, 36c and 36d. Extending from the exterior tubular sections 34a and 34e but in the same plane as the web 36a, etc., are wings 40 and 42. In the makeup of a strip 14, the wings 40 are attached to wings 42 of adjacent module~ 32. T'ne attachments may be in the form of snap fasteners ~or other convenient methods) spaced apar-t along the length of the wings 40 and 42 (not shown).
5~
Each tube sec-tion 34 has an internal diameter of .23 inches', more or less', a wall thickness of 0.030 inches', and the tubular sections are spaced apart a distance of 1.062 inches from center to center. The distance from the centerline of the outermost tubular sections 34a and 34e to the edge of the wings 40 and 42 respectively is .75 inches.
As mentioned above, the module is made of E.V.A. as supplied by DuPont under the trade mark "ALATHON". The E.V.~. material can be transparent or white-opaque', but should be treated for xesistance against ultraviolet raysO The thickness of the webs 36 and wings 40 and 42 i5 , 020 inches. The webs 36 may be provided with apertures 38.
A typical strip 14 includes five modules with the respective wings 40 and 42 overlapping and fastened together, as shown in Figure 2. The overall width of the module is 5.75 inches. A strip 14 having nine modules would average a width of approximately 4.0 feet.
An odd number of tubular sections 34 are provided in each module 32', and the outermost tubular section 34a of the outermost module 32a is connected to the supply header 22. Alternating tubular section 34b is', in turn', connected to the return header 24. Thus, the outer tubular sections of the strip 14 can easily be arranged to be connected to the supply header.
At the other end of the strip 14, each of the tubular sections 34a, 34b, etc., are connected to the closed header 26.
It is also noted, as shown in Figure 2', that the supply header is fed by the flexible hose 28 at one edge of the strip 14', in this case from the right-halld side with the closed end of the header 22 at the opposite or left-hand edge of the strip 14, while the return header 24 is arranged 3~5~
in opposite fashion such that it is connected by means of the return hose 30 on the left-hand side of the strip 14 with the closed end of the header at the right-hand side of the strip 14. This will allow a more even balance of the refrigerant circulating through the strip 14 since the first fed brine will theoretically be the coldest and will be passing on the right-hand side of the strip 14, while theoretically the first brine being returned comes from the tubes 34b and 34d on the left-hand side of the strip 14. By the same token, the closed header 26 at the other end of the strip 14 presents a common pool of refri-gerant mate~ which would theoretically keep a mean temperature throughout, and thus the temperature of the return brine is more closely related to the temperature of the supply brine. In the case of the curved corner areas, a separate header 26 would be provided for each module 32a, 32b,~.. and each module forming a strip 14 could thus be cut in a stepped arrangement to approximately the curve of the boards 12.
In the off-season or when the surface of the rink is required for other purposes than for ice s~ating, the individual strips 14 are rolled as shown in Figure 5 and are stored underneath the box 44 next to the boards 12. The supply and return pipes as well as the headers of the indivi-dual strips may be permanently concealed on the other side of the boards or off ice areas under a cover 46.
When it is required to provide an ice surface on the area A, the individual strips 14 are unrolled over a level surface made of a suitable base. The closed headers 26 also act as a weight to hold down and even the individual strips 14 at the other end thereof. As in conventional ice-making equipment, a refrigerarlt fluid, such as brine, at low 3~5~
temperature, is pumped through the supply pipe 16 throuyh respective flexible hoses 28 to respective supply headers 22 for each strip 14. The fluid then passes through each individual tubular section 34a, 34c, 34e, etc., to the other end of the strip 14 into the closed header 26, and brine is returned through the return tubular sections 34b, 34d, etc., to the return header 24, flexible hose 30, and return pipe 18 back to the refrigeration plant.
It has been found that the integral web construction of the module 32 provides a greater heat exchange surface to the water which is poured on the laid-out strips 14, and a typical calculation indicates that the heat exchange surface exposed thereby is approximately 2.34 square feet of exposed heat exchange surface for each square foot of area being covered.
Accordingly, a more efficient arrangement is being provided by the present construction, providing closer tempera-ture differential between average ice temperature and brine temperature, meaning higher brine temperature as well as expansible primary refrigerant, and therefore lower electrical power consumption, faster setting up of ice, because of the permanent uniform disposition of the strips of flexible tubes.
The present invention relates to an apparatus for making and maintaining artificial ice surfaces', and more particularly', to a tubing arrangement to be removably laid out and disposed throughout an area on which the ice surface is to be fo~med.
Canadian Patent 953',523 teaches the use of a plurality of small bore, flexible plastic tubing which has been preassembled into mats of multiple tube lengths', and each -tube is individually connected to supply and return headers. Spaced-apart spacer attachments connect the tubes together and form a grid.
It is an aim of the present invention to provide an improved apparatus for making and maintaining an ice surface which is an improvement over Canadian Patent 953',523 in that it provides a more uniform circulation of the refrigerant material', thereby producing a more uniform and even temperature gradient along the surface of the area covered by the tubes.
It is a further aim of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus which is more economical to manufacture and apply.
A construction in accordance with the present invention comprises a plurality of elongated strips adapted to be laid on a predetermined area', each comprising at least a strip module extending longitudinally', each strip module being a flexible extruded plastic member including a plurality of parallel tubular sections interspaced by integral web portions, the web portions being in a common plane and the longitudinal edges of each module having web extensions form-ing wings adapted for attachment with similar wings of adjacent strip modules to form the strip.
In a more specific embodiment, alternatin~ tubular sections of a strip are connected at one end of the strip 33~3~3 to a supply header, and the remaining alternative tube sections being connected to a return header at the same end of the strip', and a common closed header being connected to each tubular section at the other end of ~he strip In a more specific embodiment of the present in-vention, each strip is made up of a plurality of modules connected along their respective wings', a plurality of strips bein~ laid side by side on an area on which an ice surface is to be made and maintained.
Accordingly', the integral web construction of each strip prevents the tubular sections from being separated or undulating, thus maintaining a constant spacing between each tubular section and at even distance from ice sheet surface thereby enhancing the preven~ion of soft spots in the ice sur~ace. Soft spots are formed coincidental with areas between tubes which have been separated due to the flexibility of the tubes between ~he attachments of the type shown in Canadian Patent 953',523. Furthermore', it has been found that the provision of the integral and continuous webs ~0 between the tube sections provides a greater surface of thermal conductivity in contact with the water or ice so formed', thereby presenting a more efficient and greater uniformity of the thermal yradient across the ice surface', besides avoidin~ the necessity of adding other matters, such as sand and masonry.
Each independently laid strip is made up as described by extruded flexible plastic modules~ In a very specific embodiment', each module is made up of five tube sections with integral webs and wings. Each strip ~ncludes nine modules attached along their respective wings. The labor required for assembling the various strips is ~reatly reduced as compared to the assembly of the mats described in 3;~5~
Canadian Patent 953',523, given the ~act that the individual tubes are extruded and must be assemblea to form the mat.
The supply and return header arrangement is also an improvement as the tubular sections need not be bent or otherwise adapted for the return flow of the refrigerant liquid. A closed header connects all of the tubular sections of the strip at one end thereof', offering a pool of liquid for the return', thereby decreasing the pressure loss at the remote end of the tubular sections. The header diameter is several times larger than the flexible tubes, thus providing lower flow rate and avoidance of obturation.
The continuous webs between the tube sections may be provided with apertures to allow water to seep below the webs and air to escape from beneath at start-up. At the same time, the drainage of water is sufficiently controlled in order to speed up the formation of initial ice.
Having thus generally described the nature of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, showing by way of illustration', a preferred embodi-ment thereof', and in which:
Figure 1 is a top plan schematic view of a typical ice hockey rink embodying an ice-making apparatus in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is a fragmentary top plan view showing details of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a vertical cross-section taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a perspective enlarged fragmentary view of a detail of the present invention, and Figure 5 is a vertical cross section showing an embodiment of the present invention in a stored inoperative position.
Referring now to the drawings and particularly Figure 1', there is sho~n a typical ice hockey rink 10 having peripheral boards 12 defining an ice surface area A. The area A is covered, in the present embodiment', with a plurality of strips 14a, 14b', 14c... with the longitudinal axis of the strips extending laterally of the area A', the strips being laid side by side to cover the total area.
As in a conventional ice-making apparatus', t'here is a refrigeration plant 20 adapted to circulate brine or other refrigerating fluid through supply pipes 16 and return pipes 18.
Æach of the strips 14a', 14b', 14c', is provided with an individual supply header 22 and a return header 24 at one end of the strip 14, as shown in Figure 20 At the other end of the strip, a closed header 26 is also provided. The supply header 22 and return h0ader 24 communicate with the ~supply pipe 16 and return pipe 18 respectively by means of respective flexible hoses 28 and 30.
Each strip 14 is made up of a plurality of modules 32a', 32b.. ., as shown in Figure 2. Each module 32 is an extrusion of approximately 5-3/4 inches wide and cut in lengths of 85 feet~ and is preferably made of ethylene vinyl acetate (or other flexible and compatible material). Each extruded module 32, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, includes five tube sections 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d and 34e spaced by integral webs 36a, 36b, 36c and 36d. Extending from the exterior tubular sections 34a and 34e but in the same plane as the web 36a, etc., are wings 40 and 42. In the makeup of a strip 14, the wings 40 are attached to wings 42 of adjacent module~ 32. T'ne attachments may be in the form of snap fasteners ~or other convenient methods) spaced apar-t along the length of the wings 40 and 42 (not shown).
5~
Each tube sec-tion 34 has an internal diameter of .23 inches', more or less', a wall thickness of 0.030 inches', and the tubular sections are spaced apart a distance of 1.062 inches from center to center. The distance from the centerline of the outermost tubular sections 34a and 34e to the edge of the wings 40 and 42 respectively is .75 inches.
As mentioned above, the module is made of E.V.A. as supplied by DuPont under the trade mark "ALATHON". The E.V.~. material can be transparent or white-opaque', but should be treated for xesistance against ultraviolet raysO The thickness of the webs 36 and wings 40 and 42 i5 , 020 inches. The webs 36 may be provided with apertures 38.
A typical strip 14 includes five modules with the respective wings 40 and 42 overlapping and fastened together, as shown in Figure 2. The overall width of the module is 5.75 inches. A strip 14 having nine modules would average a width of approximately 4.0 feet.
An odd number of tubular sections 34 are provided in each module 32', and the outermost tubular section 34a of the outermost module 32a is connected to the supply header 22. Alternating tubular section 34b is', in turn', connected to the return header 24. Thus, the outer tubular sections of the strip 14 can easily be arranged to be connected to the supply header.
At the other end of the strip 14, each of the tubular sections 34a, 34b, etc., are connected to the closed header 26.
It is also noted, as shown in Figure 2', that the supply header is fed by the flexible hose 28 at one edge of the strip 14', in this case from the right-halld side with the closed end of the header 22 at the opposite or left-hand edge of the strip 14, while the return header 24 is arranged 3~5~
in opposite fashion such that it is connected by means of the return hose 30 on the left-hand side of the strip 14 with the closed end of the header at the right-hand side of the strip 14. This will allow a more even balance of the refrigerant circulating through the strip 14 since the first fed brine will theoretically be the coldest and will be passing on the right-hand side of the strip 14, while theoretically the first brine being returned comes from the tubes 34b and 34d on the left-hand side of the strip 14. By the same token, the closed header 26 at the other end of the strip 14 presents a common pool of refri-gerant mate~ which would theoretically keep a mean temperature throughout, and thus the temperature of the return brine is more closely related to the temperature of the supply brine. In the case of the curved corner areas, a separate header 26 would be provided for each module 32a, 32b,~.. and each module forming a strip 14 could thus be cut in a stepped arrangement to approximately the curve of the boards 12.
In the off-season or when the surface of the rink is required for other purposes than for ice s~ating, the individual strips 14 are rolled as shown in Figure 5 and are stored underneath the box 44 next to the boards 12. The supply and return pipes as well as the headers of the indivi-dual strips may be permanently concealed on the other side of the boards or off ice areas under a cover 46.
When it is required to provide an ice surface on the area A, the individual strips 14 are unrolled over a level surface made of a suitable base. The closed headers 26 also act as a weight to hold down and even the individual strips 14 at the other end thereof. As in conventional ice-making equipment, a refrigerarlt fluid, such as brine, at low 3~5~
temperature, is pumped through the supply pipe 16 throuyh respective flexible hoses 28 to respective supply headers 22 for each strip 14. The fluid then passes through each individual tubular section 34a, 34c, 34e, etc., to the other end of the strip 14 into the closed header 26, and brine is returned through the return tubular sections 34b, 34d, etc., to the return header 24, flexible hose 30, and return pipe 18 back to the refrigeration plant.
It has been found that the integral web construction of the module 32 provides a greater heat exchange surface to the water which is poured on the laid-out strips 14, and a typical calculation indicates that the heat exchange surface exposed thereby is approximately 2.34 square feet of exposed heat exchange surface for each square foot of area being covered.
Accordingly, a more efficient arrangement is being provided by the present construction, providing closer tempera-ture differential between average ice temperature and brine temperature, meaning higher brine temperature as well as expansible primary refrigerant, and therefore lower electrical power consumption, faster setting up of ice, because of the permanent uniform disposition of the strips of flexible tubes.
Claims (6)
1. In an apparatus for making and maintaining an ice surface, a plurality of elongated strips adapted to be laid on a predetermined area, each strip comprising at least a strip module extending longitudinally of the strip, each strip module being a flexible extruded plastic member including a plurality of spaced-apart parallel tubular sec-tions interspaced by integral uninterrupted web portions, the web portions being in a common plane, and the longitudinal edges of each module having web extensions forming wings adapted for attachment with similar wings of adjacent strip modules to form the strip, and wherein alternating tubular sections of each module forming a strip communicate with a supply header for supplying a flowable refrigerant thereto, and the remaining tubular sections in the strip communicate with a return header at the same end of the strip, and means are provided for communicating the alternate tubes with other tubes at the other end of the strip.
2. In an apparatus for making and maintaining an ice surface, a plurality of elongated strips adapted to be laid on a predetermined area, each strip comprising at least a strip module extending longitudinally of the strip, each strip module being a flexible extruded plastic member inclu-ding a plurality of spaced-apart parallel tubular sections interspaced by integral uninterrupted web portions, the web portions being in a common plane, and the longitudinal edges of each module having web extensions forming wings adapted for attachment with similar wings of adjacent strip modules to form the strip, and wherein alternating tubular sections of each module forming a strip communicate with a supply header for supplying a flowable refrigerant thereto, and the remaining tubular sections in the strip communicate with a return header at the same end of the strip, and a common closed reverting header is connected to each tubular section of the strip at the other end of the strip.
3. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein each unitary extruded strip module includes five tubular sections.
4. An apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein each strip includes nine modules and the strip has an approximate width of 4 feet.
5. An apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein each strip module has an overall width of 5.75 inches, and the internal diameter of each tubular section is .23 inches more or less.
6. An apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein the supply header is arranged to feed a refrigerant fluid to the individual tubular sections making up the strip from a first side edge of the strip to the other side edge of the strip, while the return header is arranged to withdraw fluid from the first side edge of the strip through to the other side edge of the strip, each apparatus being an autosufficient heat exchanger that can be integrated to an ice body to efficiently withdraw any importing forms of heat energy, without necessitating intermediate mass, such as sand, concrete, etc.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000425098A CA1183358A (en) | 1983-03-31 | 1983-03-31 | Apparatus for making and maintaining an ice surface |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000425098A CA1183358A (en) | 1983-03-31 | 1983-03-31 | Apparatus for making and maintaining an ice surface |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1183358A true CA1183358A (en) | 1985-03-05 |
Family
ID=4124923
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000425098A Expired CA1183358A (en) | 1983-03-31 | 1983-03-31 | Apparatus for making and maintaining an ice surface |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1183358A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5467948A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1995-11-21 | Gillespie; Duncan S. | Apparatus for retaining cooling pipes for an ice rink |
-
1983
- 1983-03-31 CA CA000425098A patent/CA1183358A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5467948A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1995-11-21 | Gillespie; Duncan S. | Apparatus for retaining cooling pipes for an ice rink |
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Legal Events
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| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |