CA1182411A - Method for immobilization of glucose-isomeraze active microbial cells - Google Patents
Method for immobilization of glucose-isomeraze active microbial cellsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1182411A CA1182411A CA000397957A CA397957A CA1182411A CA 1182411 A CA1182411 A CA 1182411A CA 000397957 A CA000397957 A CA 000397957A CA 397957 A CA397957 A CA 397957A CA 1182411 A CA1182411 A CA 1182411A
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- Prior art keywords
- glucose
- microbial cells
- cells
- blood serum
- isomeraze
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
The present relates to a method for immobilization of glucose isomeraze active microbial cells wherein the glutaric aldehyde-induced polymerization is performed in the presence of a proteinous carrier, comprising in that said proteinous carrier is blood serum or blood plasma.
The present relates to a method for immobilization of glucose isomeraze active microbial cells wherein the glutaric aldehyde-induced polymerization is performed in the presence of a proteinous carrier, comprising in that said proteinous carrier is blood serum or blood plasma.
Description
~9 ~23 METHOD ~OR IMMOBI~IZA~ION O~ G~UCOSE~ISOMER~ZE ~CTlV.
MI~OBIA~ C~S
This invention relates to a me-thod for immobilization of mic~
robial cells which possess a glucose isomeraze acti~ity7wherein a glutaric aldehyde-induced polymerization is performed in the pre-sence of a proteinous carrier.
In accordance with Bax-ter ~ab. patent j5/a cross~ king poly~
merization o~ the cells is carried out in the presence.of a diazo ated di~mino compoun~,~such as 2~6 diaminopyridine~3,6-diaminoacr ..-idine,etc.7said compound holding of ~rom 1 up to 3 heteroatomic rings.
In the continuous process of isomerization of glucose into frllc-tose,thermall~ treated whoie cells of .~r-throbacter ~Jere used by ~loyd et al,J6/~
In accordance ~ith patent of Amotz et al,~8/~whole cells o~
~ ~2~1~
~ 2 -Bacillus sp~NRI,~ 5656 are treated with glutaric aldehyde and the polymerization product so obtained was used in the isomerization of glucose into fructose,said :isomerization being performed in a continuous reactor.
~ hole oells of streptomycetes such as D~ cellulose or ECT~O~
cellulose have been immobîlized by ion exchange/4~9/~Immo~iliga-tion can be achieved also on a collagen gel wi~h a subsequent sur face treatment of the mix~ure so obtained with glutaric aldehyde so as to make said mixture insoluble/7/.
Direct thermal treat~ent of the cells,which is carried out in order to reduce t''le permeability o the cell membrane,usually re-sults in a product of both low acti~ity and short life time under co~ditions of the polymerization process.The immobolizytion of cells~such as D~AE cellulose/ using ion exchangers results in a gradual wa~hing-out of the enzymatic activity o~ the substrate so-lutionOThe same ef~ect is observed if the cells are im~obilized in a gel str-lcture as a polyacrylamide or collagen~
Usually,most stable preparations of immobilized enzymes are obtained by a covalent bonding of reactive groups located at the surface of the cell membrane.Similar methods have been used also for immobilization of glucose~isomeraze active cells.The process of polymeri~ation using diazoated diamines leads to a good recove-rg of the cell activity but is restricted by the high toxicity and cancerogenity of the reagents used/i~e. 2D6~diaminopyridine,~6 diaminoacx idine/.The direct polymerization of the cells accom~
plished by glutaric aldeh-yde treatment~leads to a low degree o~
polymerization due to the lack of ~ree reacti~e groups on the cell surfaceOTherefore,it is not possible one to achieve suf~icien tly ~ross~ ked structure required for a bet-ter contact between . .~ .
the substrate and the enzyme to be immobilized. The method enclosed in the above said patent does not ensure a possibility for standardization of the final product, Experiments on immobilization of glucose-isomeraze active cells onto blood fractions have been carried out/i.e. the fifth fraction after Kon, fibrine/ but no preparations of good activities were obtained thereby/4,10/.
The task of this invention is to provide a method for immobili~ation of glucose-isomeraze active microbial cells using easily available proteinous carrier, said method resulting in both high active and stable preparations required for the production of high fructose syrups by means of a continuous technological process.
The present invention provides a process for the immobilization of glucose isomerase active microbial cells which comprises carrying out glutaric aldehyde-induced polymerization of the cells into a network structure in the presence of a proteinaceous carrier which comprises either blood serum or blood plasma.
In accordance with the invention the blood serum or blood plasma may be used in a spray dried, lyophilised or froxen state, In accordance with the invention the weight ratio between the microbial cells and the quantity by volume of blood serum or blood plasma (g/cc) may be in the range of from 1:1 to 1:10.
In accordance with the invention, for the polymerization, the blood serum or plasma may be adjusted to a ccncentration of 10-12% dry mattex.
In another aspect, the present invention provides glucose isomerase active microbial cells which have been im~lobilised by a process as defined above.
In accordance with a further aspect the present invention provides a process for carrying out 3S isomerisation of glucose to ~ructose which comprises ..
.,., ;",j~,~
- ~82~
- 3a -contacting immobilised glucose isomerase active microbial cells as defined above with a glucose containing solution under conditions at which thP glucose isomerase in the cell is active.
In the development of the present invention, glutaric aldehyde-induced polymerization of glucose-isomeraze active cells was used. It was established that when the glutaric aldehyde-induced polymerization is performed in the presence of blood serum or blood plasma as a proteinous carrier, a glucose-isomeraze active preparation is obtained. The blood serum or blood plasma taken from healthy slouther live stock/ i.e. flocks and herbs, swines, etc.j should conform with the veterinary-sanitary requirements and may be used in a cooled, lyophilized or dried state. In the two second cases, the blood serum or plasma should be preliminary dissolved in water and adjusted to a concentration of 10-12% dry matter.
The polymerization product is water rinsed. Then, the product as washed or after being freezed at a temperature of from -5 to -10C for a time of 12 hours is pressed, granulated and dried at temperatures not exceeding 50C
und~r vacuum or in dry air stream.
In addition to the granular form, the dried preparation can be ~
// , ;~, used in its milled and screened form,selecting the fraction of 1G-30 mesh.
The immobilized prepara-tion so obtained is filled into the reac~
tion column or ba~ery of columns where it is treated with a 2-3M
glucose solution con-tai7~ng activators/i.e~ Mg and Co ions in op-timal concentration accordin~ -to~the en~yme used/ at a temperature o~ from 45 up to 75C.r~he rate of substrate filling is adjusted so as to achieve a 40-50% transformation of the glucose into fructose /i.e. the equilibrium of the isomerization reaction/.
~ he glucose-isomeraze activity in the column or battery of co-lumns and the life time of -the enzyme ~reparation are function of the duration of contact between the enzyme an~ substrate/i.e. of the column flow rate/,temperature~activity and quantity o~ the preparation used as well as of the presence of activators/i.e. mag~
nesium and cobalt ionsJ.~he glucose isomeraze activity is de-termi-ned in a reactor by the method proposed by Thompson et al.J4~.~he quantity of glucose transformed into fruc-tose i9 de-termined colo-rimetrically by the method of Dische et al. or by polar~metry~This determi~ation is accomplished repeatedly at defined periods of the column operatlon.~he activity index of the colum~ is determined u~ing the expression /8/s A = RIE ~ log r 0,504 (0,505~
where A is the column efficiency ~ is the quantity of glucose transformed into fructose/in g/
R is the flow rate /in cm3/min ~ ~
E is the quantity of International glucose isomeraze ac-tivity units contained in the colu~n OI battery of columns The equllibrlum of the isomerization reaction could be reached o~ly in the presence of at least ~0 International glucose isome-~ 5 --raze unit~.
The ~eaction by products and the cobalt and magnesium iO~15 con-tained in the produc~ were remo~red by treatm~nt with acti~ate~ car-n bon and cation exchange u~ing resins of such types as ~ofatite~
duolite9amberlight,dowex,etc.The colour i~dex of the high-fructose syrup was determined spectrophotometrically using a spectrophoto-metric cell of lcm3 at waY~ lengths of 450 and 600nm,re~pectively.
Colour units o~ the high f~uctose syrup were determined with the expres~ion ~8/:
~ 109 /~45~ A60~/
3~ =
where B is ~e colour index ~4~;0 a~d A600 is the light absorptiorl at w~ve lengths of 450 and 60~ Ilm, respectively C is thP eoncentration of the soluti~n jin ~/10C cm3/
Compared with the well known in the practice preparations,the enzyme immobilized preparations so obtained possess the following advantages: ~igh activity per gram of immobo~ zed preparation /150-200 GIU/g i; ~avourable pH-optimum /79G/9high temperature op-timum ~70-75C/ and considerable thermal stability at temperatures o* from 45 up to 65CO~he transformation efficiency of the prepa-ratio~ so obtai~ed is 1~5 GI~ per gram of glucos2 a-t a conversion rate of 45-50%.
~ he foll~wing Examples throw more light on the inventionO
Example I
Cultural media ob-tained after fermenta-tion o microbial cells is centrifuged ~r îiltered.The biomass so filtered is washed a single time with water.The wet cells obtai~ed after the centrifu-~i gatio~l or iltration should have a lG-12% dry ~atter conte~t,.
~n ~ Y~tionf, ~rom ~ala ~alu~ o~cur ~he ~mounts o~ blood ~er~ or ~b~D~ p~ e ~ppr~pr~el~
* l~ade mark The fresh biomass is mixed with freshly obtained blood serum or blood plasma in a w~v ratio of from 1:1 up to 1:10 so that the preparation after polymerization to possess a glucose isomeraze activi-ty of 150-200 ~IU/g of dry matter.lf deviations from this value ocuur,-the quan-tity of blood serum or blood plasma is aprop-riately corrected.3&0-400 cm3 of 25C/o a~ueous solution of glutaric aldehyde is added per each kg of dry matter into the -reaction mix~
ture and the mixture is stirred for a time of' about 1hour ~ith a mechanical stirrer a-t a room temperature.'l'he poly~eri ation product ~o obtained is submitted to filtration and -to repeated washing untill no yellow colour of the rinse water is observed.lllhe excess water is removed by pressing and the prepara-tion is frosted for a time of 12 hours at a temperature of from -~ up to -10C.Then the preparation is defros-tedgthe water is removed by pressing and the ' porous mass so obtained is granulated and dried at a temperature not exceeding 50~ under ~acuum or in dry air stream.I~ add-tion to the granular form,the preparation could be used also after being milled and screened to a grain si~e of 10~30 mesh.
~xample II
The polymerization of whole cells of glucose isomeraze activity together with the blood serum or blood plasma is performed as in ~xample I'~After pressing,the preparation so obtai~ed is not sub-mitted -to frosting but rather is directly granulated and dried as in Example I.
Example III
In the polymerization of glucose iso~eraze active cells,a l~o-philized or spray-dried blood serum or blood plasma is used.Said serum or plasma was previously dissolved in water to a dry matter content of 8~-12% Subsequent operations are the same as per ¢xamp--- 7 --les I and II.
~xampl e IV
The polymerization of glucose isomeraze active whole cells is performed as in Bxamples I,II andIII with the excep-tion that the blood serum or blood plasma was preliminary frosted.ln this case, the bloc~s of blood serum or blood plasma are defrosted at a -tem-perature not higher than 55C.rrhen,the dry matter content is deter-mined and af-ter the corresponding correction was made,the proce~s proceeds as in ~xamples L and II.
Example Y
The dried preparation is soaked for a time of 12 hours either in a glucose syrup of a concentration of 2-3M containing the opti~
mal eoncentration of cobalt and magnesium ions acc.ording to the enzyme used or in water in a w/v ra-tio of 1:10.A column or battery of ~olumns is ~illed with swallen enzyme preparation when taking eare for proper and uniorm filling so that to exclude the possibi-lity for any air inclusionO~l`he quantity of enzyme preparation re~
quired for the reaction is determined by the expression I.
A glucose syrup o~ 2-3M concentration is continuously passed through the column~r~he fructose conten-t at the column outlet is determined eolorimetrically or polarometricallyO'l'he conversion of the glucose syrup into ~ruetose is kept at a 40-50% level using a battery of columns 50 that when the ac-ti~ity of given column drops to a value of bellow 20~,the same is replaced~It is reecomended -that ~he temperature of the isomerization proeess be kept in the range of from ~0 up to 65c in order to avoid an eve~tual micro-bial contamina-tion of the column as well as that a preliminary heating of the syrup to its operating temperature be accomplished.
1 1~2~1~
The f 1QW rate in the column or bat:tery of columns is controlled by a suitable pump and depends on the quantity and activity of the preparation used /i.e. the expression 1 for A/.
The operation time of a single column /i.e. a column not included into a bat-tery/ depends on the initial activity of the preparation to be immobilized and on -the thermal stability of the enzyme used as well as on the flow rate of thesubstrate.
T~BLE 1: Pertinent literatu~e re~e~red to above by way of reference numeral 1. Eaton, P.L. Messing R. USA-Patent 3,705,084, 12.01.1972;
MI~OBIA~ C~S
This invention relates to a me-thod for immobilization of mic~
robial cells which possess a glucose isomeraze acti~ity7wherein a glutaric aldehyde-induced polymerization is performed in the pre-sence of a proteinous carrier.
In accordance with Bax-ter ~ab. patent j5/a cross~ king poly~
merization o~ the cells is carried out in the presence.of a diazo ated di~mino compoun~,~such as 2~6 diaminopyridine~3,6-diaminoacr ..-idine,etc.7said compound holding of ~rom 1 up to 3 heteroatomic rings.
In the continuous process of isomerization of glucose into frllc-tose,thermall~ treated whoie cells of .~r-throbacter ~Jere used by ~loyd et al,J6/~
In accordance ~ith patent of Amotz et al,~8/~whole cells o~
~ ~2~1~
~ 2 -Bacillus sp~NRI,~ 5656 are treated with glutaric aldehyde and the polymerization product so obtained was used in the isomerization of glucose into fructose,said :isomerization being performed in a continuous reactor.
~ hole oells of streptomycetes such as D~ cellulose or ECT~O~
cellulose have been immobîlized by ion exchange/4~9/~Immo~iliga-tion can be achieved also on a collagen gel wi~h a subsequent sur face treatment of the mix~ure so obtained with glutaric aldehyde so as to make said mixture insoluble/7/.
Direct thermal treat~ent of the cells,which is carried out in order to reduce t''le permeability o the cell membrane,usually re-sults in a product of both low acti~ity and short life time under co~ditions of the polymerization process.The immobolizytion of cells~such as D~AE cellulose/ using ion exchangers results in a gradual wa~hing-out of the enzymatic activity o~ the substrate so-lutionOThe same ef~ect is observed if the cells are im~obilized in a gel str-lcture as a polyacrylamide or collagen~
Usually,most stable preparations of immobilized enzymes are obtained by a covalent bonding of reactive groups located at the surface of the cell membrane.Similar methods have been used also for immobilization of glucose~isomeraze active cells.The process of polymeri~ation using diazoated diamines leads to a good recove-rg of the cell activity but is restricted by the high toxicity and cancerogenity of the reagents used/i~e. 2D6~diaminopyridine,~6 diaminoacx idine/.The direct polymerization of the cells accom~
plished by glutaric aldeh-yde treatment~leads to a low degree o~
polymerization due to the lack of ~ree reacti~e groups on the cell surfaceOTherefore,it is not possible one to achieve suf~icien tly ~ross~ ked structure required for a bet-ter contact between . .~ .
the substrate and the enzyme to be immobilized. The method enclosed in the above said patent does not ensure a possibility for standardization of the final product, Experiments on immobilization of glucose-isomeraze active cells onto blood fractions have been carried out/i.e. the fifth fraction after Kon, fibrine/ but no preparations of good activities were obtained thereby/4,10/.
The task of this invention is to provide a method for immobili~ation of glucose-isomeraze active microbial cells using easily available proteinous carrier, said method resulting in both high active and stable preparations required for the production of high fructose syrups by means of a continuous technological process.
The present invention provides a process for the immobilization of glucose isomerase active microbial cells which comprises carrying out glutaric aldehyde-induced polymerization of the cells into a network structure in the presence of a proteinaceous carrier which comprises either blood serum or blood plasma.
In accordance with the invention the blood serum or blood plasma may be used in a spray dried, lyophilised or froxen state, In accordance with the invention the weight ratio between the microbial cells and the quantity by volume of blood serum or blood plasma (g/cc) may be in the range of from 1:1 to 1:10.
In accordance with the invention, for the polymerization, the blood serum or plasma may be adjusted to a ccncentration of 10-12% dry mattex.
In another aspect, the present invention provides glucose isomerase active microbial cells which have been im~lobilised by a process as defined above.
In accordance with a further aspect the present invention provides a process for carrying out 3S isomerisation of glucose to ~ructose which comprises ..
.,., ;",j~,~
- ~82~
- 3a -contacting immobilised glucose isomerase active microbial cells as defined above with a glucose containing solution under conditions at which thP glucose isomerase in the cell is active.
In the development of the present invention, glutaric aldehyde-induced polymerization of glucose-isomeraze active cells was used. It was established that when the glutaric aldehyde-induced polymerization is performed in the presence of blood serum or blood plasma as a proteinous carrier, a glucose-isomeraze active preparation is obtained. The blood serum or blood plasma taken from healthy slouther live stock/ i.e. flocks and herbs, swines, etc.j should conform with the veterinary-sanitary requirements and may be used in a cooled, lyophilized or dried state. In the two second cases, the blood serum or plasma should be preliminary dissolved in water and adjusted to a concentration of 10-12% dry matter.
The polymerization product is water rinsed. Then, the product as washed or after being freezed at a temperature of from -5 to -10C for a time of 12 hours is pressed, granulated and dried at temperatures not exceeding 50C
und~r vacuum or in dry air stream.
In addition to the granular form, the dried preparation can be ~
// , ;~, used in its milled and screened form,selecting the fraction of 1G-30 mesh.
The immobilized prepara-tion so obtained is filled into the reac~
tion column or ba~ery of columns where it is treated with a 2-3M
glucose solution con-tai7~ng activators/i.e~ Mg and Co ions in op-timal concentration accordin~ -to~the en~yme used/ at a temperature o~ from 45 up to 75C.r~he rate of substrate filling is adjusted so as to achieve a 40-50% transformation of the glucose into fructose /i.e. the equilibrium of the isomerization reaction/.
~ he glucose-isomeraze activity in the column or battery of co-lumns and the life time of -the enzyme ~reparation are function of the duration of contact between the enzyme an~ substrate/i.e. of the column flow rate/,temperature~activity and quantity o~ the preparation used as well as of the presence of activators/i.e. mag~
nesium and cobalt ionsJ.~he glucose isomeraze activity is de-termi-ned in a reactor by the method proposed by Thompson et al.J4~.~he quantity of glucose transformed into fruc-tose i9 de-termined colo-rimetrically by the method of Dische et al. or by polar~metry~This determi~ation is accomplished repeatedly at defined periods of the column operatlon.~he activity index of the colum~ is determined u~ing the expression /8/s A = RIE ~ log r 0,504 (0,505~
where A is the column efficiency ~ is the quantity of glucose transformed into fructose/in g/
R is the flow rate /in cm3/min ~ ~
E is the quantity of International glucose isomeraze ac-tivity units contained in the colu~n OI battery of columns The equllibrlum of the isomerization reaction could be reached o~ly in the presence of at least ~0 International glucose isome-~ 5 --raze unit~.
The ~eaction by products and the cobalt and magnesium iO~15 con-tained in the produc~ were remo~red by treatm~nt with acti~ate~ car-n bon and cation exchange u~ing resins of such types as ~ofatite~
duolite9amberlight,dowex,etc.The colour i~dex of the high-fructose syrup was determined spectrophotometrically using a spectrophoto-metric cell of lcm3 at waY~ lengths of 450 and 600nm,re~pectively.
Colour units o~ the high f~uctose syrup were determined with the expres~ion ~8/:
~ 109 /~45~ A60~/
3~ =
where B is ~e colour index ~4~;0 a~d A600 is the light absorptiorl at w~ve lengths of 450 and 60~ Ilm, respectively C is thP eoncentration of the soluti~n jin ~/10C cm3/
Compared with the well known in the practice preparations,the enzyme immobilized preparations so obtained possess the following advantages: ~igh activity per gram of immobo~ zed preparation /150-200 GIU/g i; ~avourable pH-optimum /79G/9high temperature op-timum ~70-75C/ and considerable thermal stability at temperatures o* from 45 up to 65CO~he transformation efficiency of the prepa-ratio~ so obtai~ed is 1~5 GI~ per gram of glucos2 a-t a conversion rate of 45-50%.
~ he foll~wing Examples throw more light on the inventionO
Example I
Cultural media ob-tained after fermenta-tion o microbial cells is centrifuged ~r îiltered.The biomass so filtered is washed a single time with water.The wet cells obtai~ed after the centrifu-~i gatio~l or iltration should have a lG-12% dry ~atter conte~t,.
~n ~ Y~tionf, ~rom ~ala ~alu~ o~cur ~he ~mounts o~ blood ~er~ or ~b~D~ p~ e ~ppr~pr~el~
* l~ade mark The fresh biomass is mixed with freshly obtained blood serum or blood plasma in a w~v ratio of from 1:1 up to 1:10 so that the preparation after polymerization to possess a glucose isomeraze activi-ty of 150-200 ~IU/g of dry matter.lf deviations from this value ocuur,-the quan-tity of blood serum or blood plasma is aprop-riately corrected.3&0-400 cm3 of 25C/o a~ueous solution of glutaric aldehyde is added per each kg of dry matter into the -reaction mix~
ture and the mixture is stirred for a time of' about 1hour ~ith a mechanical stirrer a-t a room temperature.'l'he poly~eri ation product ~o obtained is submitted to filtration and -to repeated washing untill no yellow colour of the rinse water is observed.lllhe excess water is removed by pressing and the prepara-tion is frosted for a time of 12 hours at a temperature of from -~ up to -10C.Then the preparation is defros-tedgthe water is removed by pressing and the ' porous mass so obtained is granulated and dried at a temperature not exceeding 50~ under ~acuum or in dry air stream.I~ add-tion to the granular form,the preparation could be used also after being milled and screened to a grain si~e of 10~30 mesh.
~xample II
The polymerization of whole cells of glucose isomeraze activity together with the blood serum or blood plasma is performed as in ~xample I'~After pressing,the preparation so obtai~ed is not sub-mitted -to frosting but rather is directly granulated and dried as in Example I.
Example III
In the polymerization of glucose iso~eraze active cells,a l~o-philized or spray-dried blood serum or blood plasma is used.Said serum or plasma was previously dissolved in water to a dry matter content of 8~-12% Subsequent operations are the same as per ¢xamp--- 7 --les I and II.
~xampl e IV
The polymerization of glucose isomeraze active whole cells is performed as in Bxamples I,II andIII with the excep-tion that the blood serum or blood plasma was preliminary frosted.ln this case, the bloc~s of blood serum or blood plasma are defrosted at a -tem-perature not higher than 55C.rrhen,the dry matter content is deter-mined and af-ter the corresponding correction was made,the proce~s proceeds as in ~xamples L and II.
Example Y
The dried preparation is soaked for a time of 12 hours either in a glucose syrup of a concentration of 2-3M containing the opti~
mal eoncentration of cobalt and magnesium ions acc.ording to the enzyme used or in water in a w/v ra-tio of 1:10.A column or battery of ~olumns is ~illed with swallen enzyme preparation when taking eare for proper and uniorm filling so that to exclude the possibi-lity for any air inclusionO~l`he quantity of enzyme preparation re~
quired for the reaction is determined by the expression I.
A glucose syrup o~ 2-3M concentration is continuously passed through the column~r~he fructose conten-t at the column outlet is determined eolorimetrically or polarometricallyO'l'he conversion of the glucose syrup into ~ruetose is kept at a 40-50% level using a battery of columns 50 that when the ac-ti~ity of given column drops to a value of bellow 20~,the same is replaced~It is reecomended -that ~he temperature of the isomerization proeess be kept in the range of from ~0 up to 65c in order to avoid an eve~tual micro-bial contamina-tion of the column as well as that a preliminary heating of the syrup to its operating temperature be accomplished.
1 1~2~1~
The f 1QW rate in the column or bat:tery of columns is controlled by a suitable pump and depends on the quantity and activity of the preparation used /i.e. the expression 1 for A/.
The operation time of a single column /i.e. a column not included into a bat-tery/ depends on the initial activity of the preparation to be immobilized and on -the thermal stability of the enzyme used as well as on the flow rate of thesubstrate.
T~BLE 1: Pertinent literatu~e re~e~red to above by way of reference numeral 1. Eaton, P.L. Messing R. USA-Patent 3,705,084, 12.01.1972;
2. Vieth, W.R., Wang, S.S., Saini, R. Biotechnol. Bioeng.
15 565, 1973;
15 565, 1973;
3. Miles Laboratory, USA-Patent Nr. 1,280,396, 5.04.1970;
4. Thompson, C.M., Johnson, R.A., Lloid, N.E., USA-Patent Nr. 3,788,945, 29.01.1974;
5. Baxter Laboratory - USA-Patent Nr. 1,401,946, 15.02.1973;
6. Lloid, N.E., Lewis, L.T., Logan, R.M., Paten, D.M. - USA-Patent Nr. 3,694,319;
7. Kolarik, M.J., Chen, B.J., Emmery, A.H.Jr., Lin, H.C. in Immobilized Enzymes in Food and Micorbial Processes.
Pergamon Press, 71~83, 1974;
Pergamon Press, 71~83, 1974;
8. Amotz, Sh, Kjaer~ T.,Nielsen N. 9 Thisen~ O. -Denmark Patent Nr. 390,521, 1976;
9. Sipos, T., Hill, M. -USA Patent 3l708,397, 1973;
10. Messing, R. -USA-Patent 3,705,084, 12.01.1972.
_ ~ _ '~:
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: .
Claims (6)
1. A process for the immobilization of glucose isomerase active microbial cells which comprises carrying out glutaric aldehyde-induced polymerization of the cells into a network structure in the presence of a proteinaceous carrier which comprises either blood serum or blood plasma.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the blood serum or blood plasma is used in a spray dried, lyophilised or frozen state.
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight ratio between the microbial cells and the quantity by volume of blood serum or blood plasma (g/cc) is in the range of from 1:1 to 1:10.
4. A process according to claim 1, wherein for the polymerization, the blood serum or plasma is adjusted to a concentration of 10-12% dry matter.
5. Glucose isomerase active microbial cells which have been immobilised by the process claimed in claim 1.
6. A process for carrying out isomerisation of glucose to fructose which comprises contacting immobilised glucose isomerase active microbial cells according to claim 5 with a glucose containing solution under conditions at which the glucose isomerase in the cell is active.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000397957A CA1182411A (en) | 1982-03-09 | 1982-03-09 | Method for immobilization of glucose-isomeraze active microbial cells |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000397957A CA1182411A (en) | 1982-03-09 | 1982-03-09 | Method for immobilization of glucose-isomeraze active microbial cells |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1182411A true CA1182411A (en) | 1985-02-12 |
Family
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|---|---|---|---|
| CA000397957A Expired CA1182411A (en) | 1982-03-09 | 1982-03-09 | Method for immobilization of glucose-isomeraze active microbial cells |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8407912B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2013-04-02 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Spray dried human plasma |
| US8533972B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2013-09-17 | Velico Medical, Inc. | System and method for spray drying a liquid |
| US9867782B2 (en) | 2009-04-09 | 2018-01-16 | Entegrion, Inc. | Spray-dried blood products and methods of making same |
| US10251911B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2019-04-09 | Entegrion, Inc. | Spray dried human plasma |
| US10843100B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2020-11-24 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Spray drier assembly for automated spray drying |
| US11052045B2 (en) | 2014-09-19 | 2021-07-06 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Formulations and methods for contemporaneous stabilization of active proteins during spray drying and storage |
| US11841189B1 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2023-12-12 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Disposable for a spray drying system |
-
1982
- 1982-03-09 CA CA000397957A patent/CA1182411A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9867782B2 (en) | 2009-04-09 | 2018-01-16 | Entegrion, Inc. | Spray-dried blood products and methods of making same |
| US11213488B2 (en) | 2009-04-09 | 2022-01-04 | Entegrion, Inc. | Spray-dried blood products and methods of making same |
| US10251911B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2019-04-09 | Entegrion, Inc. | Spray dried human plasma |
| US8434242B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2013-05-07 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Spray dried human plasma |
| US8407912B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2013-04-02 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Spray dried human plasma |
| US8533971B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2013-09-17 | Velico Medical, Inc. | System and method for spray drying a liquid |
| US8601712B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2013-12-10 | Velico Medical, Inc. | System and method for spray drying a liquid |
| US8595950B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2013-12-03 | Velico Medical, Inc. | System and method for spray drying a liquid |
| US10843100B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2020-11-24 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Spray drier assembly for automated spray drying |
| US8533972B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2013-09-17 | Velico Medical, Inc. | System and method for spray drying a liquid |
| US11052045B2 (en) | 2014-09-19 | 2021-07-06 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Formulations and methods for contemporaneous stabilization of active proteins during spray drying and storage |
| US11806431B2 (en) | 2014-09-19 | 2023-11-07 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Formulations and methods for contemporaneous stabilization of active proteins during spray drying and storage |
| US11841189B1 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2023-12-12 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Disposable for a spray drying system |
| US11913723B1 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2024-02-27 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Baffle plate used in a disposable for a spray drying system |
| US11913722B1 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2024-02-27 | Velico Medical, Inc. | Rapid spray drying system |
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