CA1181610A - Hollow building block and building block system - Google Patents
Hollow building block and building block systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA1181610A CA1181610A CA000394909A CA394909A CA1181610A CA 1181610 A CA1181610 A CA 1181610A CA 000394909 A CA000394909 A CA 000394909A CA 394909 A CA394909 A CA 394909A CA 1181610 A CA1181610 A CA 1181610A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- blocks
- block
- tongue
- module
- edge surfaces
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/24—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element the walls being characterised by fillings in some of the cavities forming load-bearing pillars or beams
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
- E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/021—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of triangular shape
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0226—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues and grooves next to each other on the end surface
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The hollow building block has spaced side walls (20, 30) interconnected by integral webs and end walls (32, 32a). In the vertical and horizontal edge surfaces of the side walls tongues (2, 2a) and grooves (1a) are provided adapted to be engageable with grooves and tongues of adjacent blocks. The end walls are recessed and have cutouts to form after assembly communicating vertical and horizontal passages for receiving reinforcing members and to be filled with concrete. The building block system com-prises module blocks, half module blocks, quarter module blocks, corner blocks, insulating blocks, closure elements and adaptor elements.
The hollow building block has spaced side walls (20, 30) interconnected by integral webs and end walls (32, 32a). In the vertical and horizontal edge surfaces of the side walls tongues (2, 2a) and grooves (1a) are provided adapted to be engageable with grooves and tongues of adjacent blocks. The end walls are recessed and have cutouts to form after assembly communicating vertical and horizontal passages for receiving reinforcing members and to be filled with concrete. The building block system com-prises module blocks, half module blocks, quarter module blocks, corner blocks, insulating blocks, closure elements and adaptor elements.
Description
HOLL,OT~ B_LL IN(. sI.oc~ ~NI~ B[~rLD-r~ L_C SYSTE~
'rhe inven-tion relates to a bui.ldiny block sys-tem anda buil.ding bloc]c made from concrete or similar material ancl adapted to be assembled by engageable tongue and aroove means.
It is known to make wall blocks from concrete or si-milar material and it is also known to ~rovide such wall blocks with tonguesan(l groovesfor controlled assembl.ing.
Elowever, the brick-laying itself by the previously known embodiments was rather tlme-consuming and there was no possibility of reinforcinc3 the wall in any simple way. ~n addition the ~reviously known wall blocks made from con-crete we:re relativel.y heavy in weicTht and -thev would re-quire considerable extra insulation agai.nst hea-t transfer.
French ~atent No. 1 319 05~ thus describes a hollow building bloek having tongues and grooves in one directi.on and otherwise ~ro~ided w;th smooth side surfaces.
It is further known from ~rench natent No. 1 525 575 to produce buildinc3 blocks de.signed for mosaie assembling and having a rela-ti.vely complicated form which will make the ~roduc-tion of -the brick rather c~ifficult.
The present invention has as its main purPOSe to provide a hollow building block and buildintJ bloek svstem made from concrete or similar materia] and enabling the reinforcing of the assembled ~rocluc-t possibly even after the assemhlin~ and of a design which will recluce the con-s-truction time remarkabl~ at the same time as the block is l.ighter in weight comparecl with usual wall blocks, but stil.l has sufFicien-t strength and does not re~TUire the same amount of insulation against heat conduction as it is the case for known wall b].ocks. The hollow builclincT blocks according to the invention ~ay be fully or ~artly filled with cast reinforcement and/or insulation.
In accordance wi-th the lnvention the hollow huildinq ~5 ~)lock com~rises two laterall~ s~aced side wall,s intercon-nec'te(l by at leas-t one web means and having at le~st one cavity o~en at the top and bo-ttom oF the block, horizon-tal and vertical edcTe sur-faces of the side walls being Provi-ded with tongue an~ groove means, each side wall having in a first ~air of adjacent edge surfaces tonque means , ~
,lnd in the ~-ther Pair oE ad~clcent ed~le surface~ groove mearls, -the tongue and qroove ~eans in each O f the si(1e wall eclge surfaces being dimensioned so as to be closelv receivable in groove and tongue means of adiacent hlocks.
The builciing block sys~em comPrises in combination whole module blocks constructed as described ~ereinhefore, half module blocks and quarter module blocks sunnlemented by coner block.s and insulation blocks for the construction of fundaments, walls, ~artitions, pillars, etc, the module block being rec-tangular and comnrising a cavity with onen top and bottom.
The invention will be better understood From the followin~ more detailed descrintion with reference to the drawings, wherein:
Fi~ures 1 and 2 represent a Eull module block in one size seen from the end and from above resPectively, Figures 3 and 4 renresent a larger module block like-wise from the end and from above res~ectivelv, Figures 5a to 5i represent an embodiment of a modi-fied module block, corner block, half module hl.ock and auxiliary block, Figure 6 shows an embodiment of a corner cons-truction usin~ the blocks of Fi~ure 5, Figure 7 shows a wall construc-tion with a window opening and using the half blocks (U-blocks) and "closures', Figure 8 shows a section of a wall portlon comnri-sing usual module blocks and large mo~ule blocks as well as a bl:ind wall of small massive hlocks without heat con-duc-tion and insulation means in the wall, Figure 9 shows in nerspective view the modlfi.ed mo-dule block respectively from above and from below for better understan~in~ of the narticular form of the block, Fi.gure lO shows a modification of the hollow buil-din~ block in front ~iew and. rear view, Figure 11 shows four blocks of ~i~ure lO stacked onone another and havin~ the cav.ities formed by sai~ stacked blocks fi.lled wi.th insulation mats, Figure 12 shows a horizontal row of four blocks of Figure lO forming an open groove for insertion of insula-.
tion mats, Fiqure 13 shows the use o-~ the ~ gure 1~ blocks in connection with a concrete floor by addition of an ada~-ting slab, Fiqure 14 shows a wall constructe~ with the hollow building block of Figure 10, the u~per cavity having been filled with concrete and reinforced, Figure 15 shows a ~urther modified embodiment of the bloek, Figure 16 shows a modification of the bloek of Fiqure 15, and Figure 17 shows a bloek with an additional interme-diate wall.
The module b]ock R aeeording to the ~resent invention in its most applieable embodiment is shown in Figures 1 and 2 of -the drawings in an end view and a top view res-peetively. It should be no-ted that in the present Aeseri~-tion the huilc1ing system of hollow bloeks and the single bloeks are so described as having their longi-tudinal axis directed horizontally, but in some eases the bloeks mav also be positioned vertically.
As shown in Fiaures 1 to 4, the building bloek B has two laterally spaced side walls 20, 30 intereonneeted by two webs 32, 3~a to form a central internal cavitv 3 o~en at -the top and at the bottom of the bloek.
~ s shown in Figures 1 and 3, the block R has longitu-clinal grooves 1 at the side wall bottom edge surfaees and eorrespondlng longi-tudinal tongues 2 at the side wall to~
or upper edge surfaces. The block B is accordingly as~m~e-trie about a eentral horizontal plane E. By means of these grooves and tongues the bloeks may be nlacecl on each other or sul~er~osed in a vertieal direetion with positive gui-ding. As shown in Figures 2 an~ 4 the bloek B also has a eorresponding groove and tongue form at the side wall ver-tieal edge sur~aees, more partieularly with tongues 2a on both side walls at one end of the bloek and with grooves la on both side walls at the other encl thereof. Aeeordin~-ly the block B is also asymmetrie about a eentral trans-verse vertieal plane E'. These groove and tongue forms ,, serve to gulde the blocks in a 1ongitudinal or horizontal direction.
~ccordingly, each side wall 20, 30 has in a firs-t Palr of adiacent edge surfaces ton~ues 2, 2a and in the other ~alr of adjacent edge surfaces ~Iroo~Tes l, Ia. Tlle tongues and grooves are dimensioned so that the individual blocks may be assembled with the grooves of each block closely receiving the tongues of adjacent blocks so as to ~ermit the construction of walls or the like without mor-tar to be distributed between the blocks for bondinq them together.
The cavities 3 are used for reinforcing the walls or the like built up by means of the hollow buildinq blocks B accordinq to -the invention, by filling the cavities after assembling of the building blocks with insulation material or concrete, separately or in combination. ~1ore-over, a finished assembled wall of hollow building blocks according to the invention may he rein~orced by vertical rods, the hlocks for this nux~ose being ~rovided wi-th a V-sha~ed web 32a (F;g.2) or a 1~-shaped web 32a (Fig. 4).
The upPer surfaces of -the webs 32, 32a, 32a' having V-shaped cutouts 5 for introduc-tion of horizontal reinfor-cing rods.
Referring to Figures 5a and 5d a ~odified module block B' is shown in top view and end view. It will be obvious from these figures that -the block has grooves l at one end in Figure 5a and tongues at the o-ther end in the same figure. Likewise, the block ~' has grooves and tongues on the up~er ~nd lower edge surfaces res~ectively (see Figure 5d) designated by la and 2a repective]~.
Furthermore, in Figures 5a and 5d grooves or o~enings 4a are provided in bo-th webs or end walls of the block ~' for the arrangement of reinforcing rods (not shown). In addi-3; tion both webs or end walls have vertical recesses 16 .sui-table for filling with concrete insulation material or reinforcing members (not shown).
~ corner block Hi is shown in top ~Jiew in the Figu-res 5b and c, the first one being a convex block(tongues at t`) and the other one a concave block (qroove at -), in 3~
relation to the upper end of the blocks. One halE portion 6 of the corner hlock. Hl is identical to a half module block B' as shown in Fiqure 5a, whe~eas the o-ther half portion 7 oE the corner b]ock is formed so that it can be assembled with other blocks tc> form for example a wall corner as shown in Figure 6. The other half 7 of the cor ner block Hj in Figure 5b, c may be assembled with, for instance, the module block B' shown in Figure 5a, either in the same directlon shown or rota-ted 90 or 180 wi-th the convex side against the concave side, -the tongue form 2a on the half portion 7 being substituted bv protruding points 8 forming -the corners of a square havina a side-len~th equal to the distance between the tongues 2a. Fur~
thermore, the half portion 7 has a smoo-th end wall 7b with-out any tongues or grooves, for -terminating wall corners, openings and so forth, see also Figure 6. The points 8 which in the half portion 7 of the corner block in Figure 5b, c, d are substitu-ted for -the tongues, have pyramidal fonn and fit into the grooves la of the blocks when assem-bled.
Figure 6 shows the construc-tion of a corner by means of the module blocks and the corner blocks shown in Figure 5a, d and Figures 5b, c respectively. The corner is con~
structed by alternating the layers "I" and "II" as is well known per se.
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate an example of a window openi~g and how a smooth surface in the ODening is obtai-ned hy the use of corner blocks, half blocks and closing elements. These blocks being designated in the drawing by "Hj", "U" and "L" respectively.
The smooth lateral sides of the window opening being constructed by alterna-tively using corner blocks HJ and half blocks U. The half blocks U shown in greater detail in Figs.5f, g, h, are generally U-shaped with one smooth end wall 7c. The cavities of the module blocks at the lower limit of the window opening are closed by closing elements C, one such closing element being shown in Fig.
5i, said closing element having a flat top surface 7d and ~ 3 grooves 7e in -their bot-tom surface. The upper limit oE the window opening is formed a<3ain by closing elements U turnèd with thelx open side upwardly. ~einforcing bars are nlaced into said communicating openings and the~ are thereafter filled with concrete.
Figure 8 shows a wall construction comprising usual and large module blocks ~ of Figures 1 to 4 together with a blind wall consisting of small massive blocks 11 and in-termediate insulation 12 which possibly may be introducea against a foil 13 in order to provide a blind wall without heat conduction. Figure 8 furthermore shows some examples of fillings 14 consisting of additional concrete with xe-inforcing members 15.
As already mentioned above, the cavities of the blocks may be filled with insula-tion material or concrete and may also be provided with reinforcing mernbers.
Figure 9 shows the modified block R' o:F Figures Sa, d on a larger scale in perspective view.
The block construction system of the invention also comprises insulation blocks BI as shown in Figures 10 - 14 from which it will be obvious that the insulation block has the same grooves and tongues as the module blocks and thus is suitable for the construction of a wall in the so-called dry form and providing an effective sound and thermal insulation.
The arrangement of the grooves and tongue~ differs however from -the preceding embodiments in the following respect. In the left side wall 90 of the -two blocks shown the upper edge surface has a tongue 2 and the lower edge surface has a groove 1 while the forward edge surface has a groove la and the rear edge surface has a tongue (not shown). For -the right side wall 20 this arrangement is, however, reversed in that the upper edge surface of this side wall is provided with a groove 1 and the lower edge surface is provided with a tongue 2. Likewise, the forward edge surface of wall 20 has a tongue 2a while the rear ed-ge surface has a groove (not shown). In other words the tont3ue and groove means are arranged in the edge surfaces of the side walls 20, 30 such that for one si.de wall the corner formecl between the adjacen~ edge surfaces having tongue means is diagonally opposite to the corner of -the other side wall formed be-tween the adjacent edge surfaces having tongue means. This also applies to the corners for-med between the edge surfaces having groove means. This arrangement permits -to use onlv one single block which may be assembled with other blocks in different orienta-tions.
The blocks of Figure lO are ~-shaped in view of the double L-shaped form of the web 40 interconnecting the two side walls 20, 30.
The figures ll to 14 show some examples of construc-tion using the insulation block sI described hereinbefore.
Figure 13 for instance shows how a wall is eonstruc-ted with the insulation blocks BI when passing a floor lO
without interrupting the insulation and it wil.l be seen that this problem is easi.ly solved by the use of an adaptor slab ~ having a height equal to the thickness of floor lO.
It should be noted that within the scope of the in-vention the insulation block is not bound to having an S~
formed cross-section, but may have a cross seetion f~rmed like a double "S", an "M" or a double "M".
It will be obvious to a ~erson skilled in the art that the internal corners of all cavities in ~raetiee will be slightly rounded and not sharp, to avoid stresses and possible breakages at these points. Accordingly the draw-ings are to be considered as merely illustrating schema-3Q -tieal sketches.
The blocks according to the invention are made by moulding of concrete and provide a simplest possible adap-tation to the various cons-truction methods. The blocks may be stacked in dry condition or be connected by binding (as in brick-laying) and standard mats may be used as in-sulation material for instance dlvided simply in halves.
The most important advantages in a system of hollow construc-tion blocks according to the invention is found in the fact that the blocks are very light in weight and at the same time have su~flcient streng-th and in -themselves provide considerable insulation~ Furthermore -the blocks can be man~lfactured at low cos-t and aford the possibility of constructing a wall or similar s-tructure in a simple, ~uick and safe way. A completed wall or the like mav be surface treated in a known manner to provide a ready-made front.
Re~erring now to Figure 15 t a double S block 50 is shown having side walls 20,30 provided with groove~s and tongues arranged as described hereinbefore with respect to the insulation block ~I of Figure 10. The web 52 inter-connecting the two side walls is substan-tially ~-shaped -to form a block 50 of double S-form.
The block 60 shown in Figure 16 also corresponds to the insulation block BI of Figure 10 as far as the arran~e-ment of the gxooves and tongues in the side walls is con-cerned, but it has a modified web 62 which is generall~
0-shaped to form a block of double H form.
Finally, the block 70 o Figure 17 also has the grooves and tongues arranged as explained hereinbefore with respect to the block of Figure 10 but it comprises an intermediate wa~l 72 between the side walls 71, 73 and three webs 74 interconnecting the intermediate wall 72 and -the side walls 71, 73.
'rhe inven-tion relates to a bui.ldiny block sys-tem anda buil.ding bloc]c made from concrete or similar material ancl adapted to be assembled by engageable tongue and aroove means.
It is known to make wall blocks from concrete or si-milar material and it is also known to ~rovide such wall blocks with tonguesan(l groovesfor controlled assembl.ing.
Elowever, the brick-laying itself by the previously known embodiments was rather tlme-consuming and there was no possibility of reinforcinc3 the wall in any simple way. ~n addition the ~reviously known wall blocks made from con-crete we:re relativel.y heavy in weicTht and -thev would re-quire considerable extra insulation agai.nst hea-t transfer.
French ~atent No. 1 319 05~ thus describes a hollow building bloek having tongues and grooves in one directi.on and otherwise ~ro~ided w;th smooth side surfaces.
It is further known from ~rench natent No. 1 525 575 to produce buildinc3 blocks de.signed for mosaie assembling and having a rela-ti.vely complicated form which will make the ~roduc-tion of -the brick rather c~ifficult.
The present invention has as its main purPOSe to provide a hollow building block and buildintJ bloek svstem made from concrete or similar materia] and enabling the reinforcing of the assembled ~rocluc-t possibly even after the assemhlin~ and of a design which will recluce the con-s-truction time remarkabl~ at the same time as the block is l.ighter in weight comparecl with usual wall blocks, but stil.l has sufFicien-t strength and does not re~TUire the same amount of insulation against heat conduction as it is the case for known wall b].ocks. The hollow builclincT blocks according to the invention ~ay be fully or ~artly filled with cast reinforcement and/or insulation.
In accordance wi-th the lnvention the hollow huildinq ~5 ~)lock com~rises two laterall~ s~aced side wall,s intercon-nec'te(l by at leas-t one web means and having at le~st one cavity o~en at the top and bo-ttom oF the block, horizon-tal and vertical edcTe sur-faces of the side walls being Provi-ded with tongue an~ groove means, each side wall having in a first ~air of adjacent edge surfaces tonque means , ~
,lnd in the ~-ther Pair oE ad~clcent ed~le surface~ groove mearls, -the tongue and qroove ~eans in each O f the si(1e wall eclge surfaces being dimensioned so as to be closelv receivable in groove and tongue means of adiacent hlocks.
The builciing block sys~em comPrises in combination whole module blocks constructed as described ~ereinhefore, half module blocks and quarter module blocks sunnlemented by coner block.s and insulation blocks for the construction of fundaments, walls, ~artitions, pillars, etc, the module block being rec-tangular and comnrising a cavity with onen top and bottom.
The invention will be better understood From the followin~ more detailed descrintion with reference to the drawings, wherein:
Fi~ures 1 and 2 represent a Eull module block in one size seen from the end and from above resPectively, Figures 3 and 4 renresent a larger module block like-wise from the end and from above res~ectivelv, Figures 5a to 5i represent an embodiment of a modi-fied module block, corner block, half module hl.ock and auxiliary block, Figure 6 shows an embodiment of a corner cons-truction usin~ the blocks of Fi~ure 5, Figure 7 shows a wall construc-tion with a window opening and using the half blocks (U-blocks) and "closures', Figure 8 shows a section of a wall portlon comnri-sing usual module blocks and large mo~ule blocks as well as a bl:ind wall of small massive hlocks without heat con-duc-tion and insulation means in the wall, Figure 9 shows in nerspective view the modlfi.ed mo-dule block respectively from above and from below for better understan~in~ of the narticular form of the block, Fi.gure lO shows a modification of the hollow buil-din~ block in front ~iew and. rear view, Figure 11 shows four blocks of ~i~ure lO stacked onone another and havin~ the cav.ities formed by sai~ stacked blocks fi.lled wi.th insulation mats, Figure 12 shows a horizontal row of four blocks of Figure lO forming an open groove for insertion of insula-.
tion mats, Fiqure 13 shows the use o-~ the ~ gure 1~ blocks in connection with a concrete floor by addition of an ada~-ting slab, Fiqure 14 shows a wall constructe~ with the hollow building block of Figure 10, the u~per cavity having been filled with concrete and reinforced, Figure 15 shows a ~urther modified embodiment of the bloek, Figure 16 shows a modification of the bloek of Fiqure 15, and Figure 17 shows a bloek with an additional interme-diate wall.
The module b]ock R aeeording to the ~resent invention in its most applieable embodiment is shown in Figures 1 and 2 of -the drawings in an end view and a top view res-peetively. It should be no-ted that in the present Aeseri~-tion the huilc1ing system of hollow bloeks and the single bloeks are so described as having their longi-tudinal axis directed horizontally, but in some eases the bloeks mav also be positioned vertically.
As shown in Fiaures 1 to 4, the building bloek B has two laterally spaced side walls 20, 30 intereonneeted by two webs 32, 3~a to form a central internal cavitv 3 o~en at -the top and at the bottom of the bloek.
~ s shown in Figures 1 and 3, the block R has longitu-clinal grooves 1 at the side wall bottom edge surfaees and eorrespondlng longi-tudinal tongues 2 at the side wall to~
or upper edge surfaces. The block B is accordingly as~m~e-trie about a eentral horizontal plane E. By means of these grooves and tongues the bloeks may be nlacecl on each other or sul~er~osed in a vertieal direetion with positive gui-ding. As shown in Figures 2 an~ 4 the bloek B also has a eorresponding groove and tongue form at the side wall ver-tieal edge sur~aees, more partieularly with tongues 2a on both side walls at one end of the bloek and with grooves la on both side walls at the other encl thereof. Aeeordin~-ly the block B is also asymmetrie about a eentral trans-verse vertieal plane E'. These groove and tongue forms ,, serve to gulde the blocks in a 1ongitudinal or horizontal direction.
~ccordingly, each side wall 20, 30 has in a firs-t Palr of adiacent edge surfaces ton~ues 2, 2a and in the other ~alr of adjacent edge surfaces ~Iroo~Tes l, Ia. Tlle tongues and grooves are dimensioned so that the individual blocks may be assembled with the grooves of each block closely receiving the tongues of adjacent blocks so as to ~ermit the construction of walls or the like without mor-tar to be distributed between the blocks for bondinq them together.
The cavities 3 are used for reinforcing the walls or the like built up by means of the hollow buildinq blocks B accordinq to -the invention, by filling the cavities after assembling of the building blocks with insulation material or concrete, separately or in combination. ~1ore-over, a finished assembled wall of hollow building blocks according to the invention may he rein~orced by vertical rods, the hlocks for this nux~ose being ~rovided wi-th a V-sha~ed web 32a (F;g.2) or a 1~-shaped web 32a (Fig. 4).
The upPer surfaces of -the webs 32, 32a, 32a' having V-shaped cutouts 5 for introduc-tion of horizontal reinfor-cing rods.
Referring to Figures 5a and 5d a ~odified module block B' is shown in top view and end view. It will be obvious from these figures that -the block has grooves l at one end in Figure 5a and tongues at the o-ther end in the same figure. Likewise, the block ~' has grooves and tongues on the up~er ~nd lower edge surfaces res~ectively (see Figure 5d) designated by la and 2a repective]~.
Furthermore, in Figures 5a and 5d grooves or o~enings 4a are provided in bo-th webs or end walls of the block ~' for the arrangement of reinforcing rods (not shown). In addi-3; tion both webs or end walls have vertical recesses 16 .sui-table for filling with concrete insulation material or reinforcing members (not shown).
~ corner block Hi is shown in top ~Jiew in the Figu-res 5b and c, the first one being a convex block(tongues at t`) and the other one a concave block (qroove at -), in 3~
relation to the upper end of the blocks. One halE portion 6 of the corner hlock. Hl is identical to a half module block B' as shown in Fiqure 5a, whe~eas the o-ther half portion 7 oE the corner b]ock is formed so that it can be assembled with other blocks tc> form for example a wall corner as shown in Figure 6. The other half 7 of the cor ner block Hj in Figure 5b, c may be assembled with, for instance, the module block B' shown in Figure 5a, either in the same directlon shown or rota-ted 90 or 180 wi-th the convex side against the concave side, -the tongue form 2a on the half portion 7 being substituted bv protruding points 8 forming -the corners of a square havina a side-len~th equal to the distance between the tongues 2a. Fur~
thermore, the half portion 7 has a smoo-th end wall 7b with-out any tongues or grooves, for -terminating wall corners, openings and so forth, see also Figure 6. The points 8 which in the half portion 7 of the corner block in Figure 5b, c, d are substitu-ted for -the tongues, have pyramidal fonn and fit into the grooves la of the blocks when assem-bled.
Figure 6 shows the construc-tion of a corner by means of the module blocks and the corner blocks shown in Figure 5a, d and Figures 5b, c respectively. The corner is con~
structed by alternating the layers "I" and "II" as is well known per se.
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate an example of a window openi~g and how a smooth surface in the ODening is obtai-ned hy the use of corner blocks, half blocks and closing elements. These blocks being designated in the drawing by "Hj", "U" and "L" respectively.
The smooth lateral sides of the window opening being constructed by alterna-tively using corner blocks HJ and half blocks U. The half blocks U shown in greater detail in Figs.5f, g, h, are generally U-shaped with one smooth end wall 7c. The cavities of the module blocks at the lower limit of the window opening are closed by closing elements C, one such closing element being shown in Fig.
5i, said closing element having a flat top surface 7d and ~ 3 grooves 7e in -their bot-tom surface. The upper limit oE the window opening is formed a<3ain by closing elements U turnèd with thelx open side upwardly. ~einforcing bars are nlaced into said communicating openings and the~ are thereafter filled with concrete.
Figure 8 shows a wall construction comprising usual and large module blocks ~ of Figures 1 to 4 together with a blind wall consisting of small massive blocks 11 and in-termediate insulation 12 which possibly may be introducea against a foil 13 in order to provide a blind wall without heat conduction. Figure 8 furthermore shows some examples of fillings 14 consisting of additional concrete with xe-inforcing members 15.
As already mentioned above, the cavities of the blocks may be filled with insula-tion material or concrete and may also be provided with reinforcing mernbers.
Figure 9 shows the modified block R' o:F Figures Sa, d on a larger scale in perspective view.
The block construction system of the invention also comprises insulation blocks BI as shown in Figures 10 - 14 from which it will be obvious that the insulation block has the same grooves and tongues as the module blocks and thus is suitable for the construction of a wall in the so-called dry form and providing an effective sound and thermal insulation.
The arrangement of the grooves and tongue~ differs however from -the preceding embodiments in the following respect. In the left side wall 90 of the -two blocks shown the upper edge surface has a tongue 2 and the lower edge surface has a groove 1 while the forward edge surface has a groove la and the rear edge surface has a tongue (not shown). For -the right side wall 20 this arrangement is, however, reversed in that the upper edge surface of this side wall is provided with a groove 1 and the lower edge surface is provided with a tongue 2. Likewise, the forward edge surface of wall 20 has a tongue 2a while the rear ed-ge surface has a groove (not shown). In other words the tont3ue and groove means are arranged in the edge surfaces of the side walls 20, 30 such that for one si.de wall the corner formecl between the adjacen~ edge surfaces having tongue means is diagonally opposite to the corner of -the other side wall formed be-tween the adjacent edge surfaces having tongue means. This also applies to the corners for-med between the edge surfaces having groove means. This arrangement permits -to use onlv one single block which may be assembled with other blocks in different orienta-tions.
The blocks of Figure lO are ~-shaped in view of the double L-shaped form of the web 40 interconnecting the two side walls 20, 30.
The figures ll to 14 show some examples of construc-tion using the insulation block sI described hereinbefore.
Figure 13 for instance shows how a wall is eonstruc-ted with the insulation blocks BI when passing a floor lO
without interrupting the insulation and it wil.l be seen that this problem is easi.ly solved by the use of an adaptor slab ~ having a height equal to the thickness of floor lO.
It should be noted that within the scope of the in-vention the insulation block is not bound to having an S~
formed cross-section, but may have a cross seetion f~rmed like a double "S", an "M" or a double "M".
It will be obvious to a ~erson skilled in the art that the internal corners of all cavities in ~raetiee will be slightly rounded and not sharp, to avoid stresses and possible breakages at these points. Accordingly the draw-ings are to be considered as merely illustrating schema-3Q -tieal sketches.
The blocks according to the invention are made by moulding of concrete and provide a simplest possible adap-tation to the various cons-truction methods. The blocks may be stacked in dry condition or be connected by binding (as in brick-laying) and standard mats may be used as in-sulation material for instance dlvided simply in halves.
The most important advantages in a system of hollow construc-tion blocks according to the invention is found in the fact that the blocks are very light in weight and at the same time have su~flcient streng-th and in -themselves provide considerable insulation~ Furthermore -the blocks can be man~lfactured at low cos-t and aford the possibility of constructing a wall or similar s-tructure in a simple, ~uick and safe way. A completed wall or the like mav be surface treated in a known manner to provide a ready-made front.
Re~erring now to Figure 15 t a double S block 50 is shown having side walls 20,30 provided with groove~s and tongues arranged as described hereinbefore with respect to the insulation block ~I of Figure 10. The web 52 inter-connecting the two side walls is substan-tially ~-shaped -to form a block 50 of double S-form.
The block 60 shown in Figure 16 also corresponds to the insulation block BI of Figure 10 as far as the arran~e-ment of the gxooves and tongues in the side walls is con-cerned, but it has a modified web 62 which is generall~
0-shaped to form a block of double H form.
Finally, the block 70 o Figure 17 also has the grooves and tongues arranged as explained hereinbefore with respect to the block of Figure 10 but it comprises an intermediate wa~l 72 between the side walls 71, 73 and three webs 74 interconnecting the intermediate wall 72 and -the side walls 71, 73.
Claims (14)
1. Hollow building block comprising two laterally spaced side walls interconnected by at least one web means, and having at least one cavity with open top and bottom,characterized in that horizontal and vertical edge surfaces of said side walls are provided with tongue and groove means, each side wall having in a first pair of adjacent edge surfaces tongue means and in the other pair of adjacent edge surfaces groove means, the tongue and groove means in each of the side wall edge surfaces being dimensioned so as to be closely receivable in groove and tongue means of adjacent blocks.
2. Hollow building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the tongue and groove means are arranged in the edges of said side walls such that for one side wall the corner formed between the adjacent edge surfaces having tongue means is diagonally opposite to the corner of the other side wall formed between adjacent edge surfaces having tongue means, this also applying to the corners formed between edge surfaces having groove means.
3. Hollow building block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said integral web is shaped so as to provide a block having an S, a double S, an M or a double M form.
4. Building block according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that an intermediate wall is disposed between said laterally spaced side walls, said inter-mediate wall being connected by web means to both of said spaced side walls.
5. Hollow building block system based on the combination of module blocks according to claim 1, having tongue and groove form in horizontal and vertical direction, the system comprising in combination whole module blocks, half module blocks and quarter module blocks supplemented by corner blocks and insu-lation blocks for the construction of fundaments, walls, partitlons, pillars etc., the module block being rectangular and comprising a cavity therethrough with open top and bottom.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein the module block is asymmetrical about a central horizontal plane, the side wall edge surfaces having groove and tongue means for assembly with other blocks, and the blocks when assembled forming cavities to be filled with insulation material reinforcing members, etc.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the module block is asymmetrical about a central transverse verti-cal plane, the module block having two webs forming concave end walls of the block, said end walls also having cutouts, said concave end walls and cutouts forming after assembly of the blocks vertical and horizontal passages for receiving reinforcing rods.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the block has a cross sectional form as seen in horizontal assembling direction producing at least one cavity suitable for insulation (thermal and sound) in the form of predimen-sioned mats, when two blocks are positioned upon each other "back against back", for instance blocks having an "S" cross section,a double "S", "M" or double "M"-form.
9. The system of claim 5, wherein the cavities of the blocks are filled with thermal or sound insu-lating material such as polystyrene, rock wool etc.
10. The system of claim 5, wherein the cavities of the blocks are filled partly with insulation material and partly with concrete.
11. The system of claim 8, wherein the blocks form cavities for insulation at the edge of concrete floors in cooperation with adaptor slabs corresponding to the thickness of the floor.
12. The system of claim 5, wherein the corner blocks are comprised of one half module form and one half having the tongues substituted by pyramidal points or tips provided at the four corners of a square, the side length of which equals the distance between grooves.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the corner blocks have one smooth end wall.
14. The system of claim 12, wherein the combined block by the assembling with another combined block or with a corner block will form a cavity for filling with moulding material to assure the tightness of the construction.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO810254 | 1981-01-26 | ||
| NO810254A NO810254L (en) | 1980-01-29 | 1981-01-26 | HOLSTEIN BLOCK SYSTEM. |
| NO812835A NO152462C (en) | 1981-08-21 | 1981-08-21 | BUILDING INSULATION BLOCK |
| NO812835 | 1981-08-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1181610A true CA1181610A (en) | 1985-01-29 |
Family
ID=26647749
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000394909A Expired CA1181610A (en) | 1981-01-26 | 1982-01-26 | Hollow building block and building block system |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AR (1) | AR229522A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATA24582A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU559428B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8200369A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1181610A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH658698A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3201832A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK30482A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI820215L (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2498661B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2092201B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE52309B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL64831A0 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN156082B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1190671B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU83889A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX157166A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8200243A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT74337B (en) |
| SG (1) | SG96987G (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2621629A1 (en) * | 1987-10-07 | 1989-04-14 | Butaye Jean | Self-locking device for rectangular ducts |
| EP0383740A1 (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1990-08-22 | Gino Caroti | Autofitting building blocks and bricks |
| AT1518U1 (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1997-06-25 | Lehner Reinhard | STONE FOR BUILDING WALLS, IN PARTICULAR FIREPLACE |
| FR2767549B1 (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 1999-10-15 | Gps | CONSTRUCTIVE DEVICE FOR THE REALIZATION OF A WALL |
| GB2402682B (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2005-05-11 | David Watson | A building method and mould units |
| ES1063972Y (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2007-04-01 | Ancomap Dos S L | PREFABRICATED PIECE FOR PARAMENT EXECUTION |
| FR2991699B1 (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2015-01-30 | Jean Francois Brabant | BUILDING BLOCK IN PLANT MATERIAL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN ECOLOGICAL BUILDING |
| CN103174253A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-06-26 | 王希锋 | Plastic building block |
| NL2015716B1 (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2017-05-24 | Paperfoam Holding B V | Building block and buildings build using such blocks. |
| WO2021175346A1 (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-09-10 | Andreou Andreas | Tuflonio, the versatile brick. tuflónio versatile building technology (tvbt). |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB166623A (en) * | 1920-03-08 | 1921-07-08 | William Christmas | Improvements in concrete blocks |
| US1687342A (en) * | 1926-05-12 | 1928-10-09 | Macveigh John Gerald | Building tile |
| GB464840A (en) * | 1935-10-29 | 1937-04-26 | Andrew Austin | Improvements relating to building blocks |
| GB689143A (en) * | 1951-03-09 | 1953-03-18 | Joseph Jules Albert Clot | Improvements in or relating to building elements |
| DE1688226U (en) * | 1954-01-18 | 1954-12-02 | Dietmar Wolf Bolzen | FORMWORK BLOCK. |
| DE1866872U (en) * | 1961-12-14 | 1963-02-07 | Mueller Ernst Kg | BUILDING BLOCK. |
| FR1319058A (en) * | 1962-04-03 | 1963-02-22 | Concrete block | |
| AT292278B (en) * | 1968-01-25 | 1971-08-25 | Manfred Lebherz | H-shaped formwork block |
| DE2151704A1 (en) * | 1971-10-18 | 1973-04-26 | Walter Ergenzinger | COMPONENT MADE FROM PRESSED LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIAL |
| FR2396135A1 (en) * | 1977-06-27 | 1979-01-26 | Hapel Et Cie Bureau Etudes Tec | ASSEMBLABLE AGGLOMERS BY SNAP |
| DE2747950A1 (en) * | 1977-10-26 | 1979-05-03 | Liviu Dipl Ing Enea | Heat insulated concrete building block - has concrete external slab with spacer bars passing through porous insulating panel into plasterboard |
| WO1980002301A1 (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1980-10-30 | Interbloc Masonry Units Ltd | Improved building block and structures formed therewith |
-
1982
- 1982-01-21 LU LU83889A patent/LU83889A1/en unknown
- 1982-01-21 DE DE19823201832 patent/DE3201832A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-01-21 FR FR8200908A patent/FR2498661B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-01-21 GB GB8201654A patent/GB2092201B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-01-22 IN IN94/CAL/82A patent/IN156082B/en unknown
- 1982-01-22 NL NL8200243A patent/NL8200243A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-01-22 IL IL64831A patent/IL64831A0/en unknown
- 1982-01-25 PT PT74337A patent/PT74337B/en unknown
- 1982-01-25 FI FI820215A patent/FI820215L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-01-25 DK DK30482A patent/DK30482A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-01-25 AT AT245/82A patent/ATA24582A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-01-25 BR BR8200369A patent/BR8200369A/en unknown
- 1982-01-25 AU AU79791/82A patent/AU559428B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-01-25 CH CH424/82A patent/CH658698A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-01-26 MX MX191140A patent/MX157166A/en unknown
- 1982-01-26 IT IT19296/82A patent/IT1190671B/en active
- 1982-01-26 IE IE157/82A patent/IE52309B1/en unknown
- 1982-01-26 CA CA000394909A patent/CA1181610A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-01-26 AR AR288246A patent/AR229522A1/en active
-
1987
- 1987-11-04 SG SG969/87A patent/SG96987G/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU559428B2 (en) | 1987-03-12 |
| MX157166A (en) | 1988-10-31 |
| GB2092201B (en) | 1985-02-06 |
| IL64831A0 (en) | 1982-03-31 |
| DK30482A (en) | 1982-07-27 |
| DE3201832A1 (en) | 1982-09-09 |
| FR2498661A1 (en) | 1982-07-30 |
| LU83889A1 (en) | 1982-06-30 |
| AU7979182A (en) | 1982-08-05 |
| SG96987G (en) | 1988-06-03 |
| CH658698A5 (en) | 1986-11-28 |
| AR229522A1 (en) | 1983-09-15 |
| IE820157L (en) | 1982-07-26 |
| PT74337B (en) | 1983-09-01 |
| GB2092201A (en) | 1982-08-11 |
| IN156082B (en) | 1985-05-11 |
| IT8219296A0 (en) | 1982-01-26 |
| IE52309B1 (en) | 1987-09-02 |
| FI820215L (en) | 1982-07-27 |
| PT74337A (en) | 1982-02-01 |
| IT1190671B (en) | 1988-02-24 |
| NL8200243A (en) | 1982-08-16 |
| ATA24582A (en) | 1991-06-15 |
| FR2498661B1 (en) | 1986-04-18 |
| BR8200369A (en) | 1982-11-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4894969A (en) | Insulating block form for constructing concrete wall structures | |
| US4473985A (en) | Building block | |
| US3534518A (en) | Interlocking building block construction | |
| US3422588A (en) | Interlocking building block | |
| CA1152770A (en) | Mortarless concrete block system having reinforcing bond beam courses | |
| US4016693A (en) | Insulated masonry block | |
| AU725743B2 (en) | Insulated building block system | |
| US4380887A (en) | Insulated structural block | |
| US4148166A (en) | Insulated construction block | |
| CA1181610A (en) | Hollow building block and building block system | |
| US4577447A (en) | Construction block | |
| US3449878A (en) | Building bricks or blocks and structures utilising the same | |
| US5339592A (en) | Insulated building blocks and composite walls having stackable half-bond symmetry | |
| US6205726B1 (en) | Insulated masonry block and wall | |
| US4854103A (en) | Building system with interlocking blocks | |
| US20080060300A1 (en) | Dry stack insulated building blocks | |
| US4058948A (en) | Insulated masonry block | |
| US4269013A (en) | Insulated building block wall construction | |
| US3318062A (en) | Precast insulating masonry unit and insulating filler | |
| US3581454A (en) | Formwork element | |
| US5509245A (en) | Formwork brick | |
| AP265A (en) | Building block. | |
| US3828496A (en) | Prefabricated building construction | |
| GB1564714A (en) | Heat-insulating wall bricks and methods of making walls therefrom | |
| US4188760A (en) | Masonry building block and method for forming such a block |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |