CA1179109A - Roof or sidewall construction - Google Patents
Roof or sidewall constructionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1179109A CA1179109A CA000383135A CA383135A CA1179109A CA 1179109 A CA1179109 A CA 1179109A CA 000383135 A CA000383135 A CA 000383135A CA 383135 A CA383135 A CA 383135A CA 1179109 A CA1179109 A CA 1179109A
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- covering
- adjacent
- butt
- elements
- shingle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
Abstract
Applicant: Stewart Ferguson Title: Roof Or Sidewall Construction ABSTRACT
Generally rectangular wood shake covering elements lad up in overlapping courses are spaced apart transversely of their lengths by sawn wood shingle filler elements. Preferably the major portion of the overlapped portion of each course is formed by the tips of the sawn shingle filler elements, whereas the major portion of the exposed portion of each course is formed by the wood shake covering elements. One of such elements can be notched providing a transversely extend-ing shoulder dividing such elements into tip and butt portions of unequal width. In application, the shoulder tightly abuts the adjacent element. The covering and filler elements can be used to construct a roofing panel which includes a sawn shingle underlayer beneath each course and waterproof paper which underlies at least the major portion of the shingle underlayer but which is secured to the roofing panel by having one end portion interposed between the underlayer and the covering or filler element at one end of the panel.
The covering elements can have registered kerf lines to align the successive courses of panels.
Generally rectangular wood shake covering elements lad up in overlapping courses are spaced apart transversely of their lengths by sawn wood shingle filler elements. Preferably the major portion of the overlapped portion of each course is formed by the tips of the sawn shingle filler elements, whereas the major portion of the exposed portion of each course is formed by the wood shake covering elements. One of such elements can be notched providing a transversely extend-ing shoulder dividing such elements into tip and butt portions of unequal width. In application, the shoulder tightly abuts the adjacent element. The covering and filler elements can be used to construct a roofing panel which includes a sawn shingle underlayer beneath each course and waterproof paper which underlies at least the major portion of the shingle underlayer but which is secured to the roofing panel by having one end portion interposed between the underlayer and the covering or filler element at one end of the panel.
The covering elements can have registered kerf lines to align the successive courses of panels.
Description
t 0 ~
ROOF OR SIDEWALL CONSTRUCTION
The present invention relates to sloping roofs and upright sidewalls of the type having horizontal rows of wooden covering elements applied in overlapping courses.
It is known to apply generally rectangular wood shakes in overlapping courses to form the roof of a building structure. The adjacent sides of adjacent shakes in a course are always spaced apart slightly to enable expansion of the shakes transversely of the grain resulting from changes in moisture content and/or temperature ~ithout buckling.
Strips of building felt under the shakes of one course may cover the tip portions o~ the shakes of the next lower course. Nevertheless, rain or snow may be blown upward through the spaces between adjacent shakes and beneath the ~elt strips, which results in leaks. In addition, in case of a roof fire, air circulates readily between the shakes increasing the rate at which the fire spreads. ~s evidenced by ~
patent Nos. 3,664,081, issued i-~ay 23, 1972 to Martin et al. and Re 27,574, issued February 6, 1973 to Krough et al., the problem of blowback of rain and snow previously has been recognized, and it has been proposed to apply a furring strip adjacent to the upper edge of each course of shakes.
Multipiece shingle panels are known utilizing an elongated backing board to which a course of shingles is applied. In the panel disclosed in Martin U.S.
patent No. 3~440,777, issued April 29, 1969, a sheet of g waterprooE material, an underlayer course of shingles and a face course of shakes are secured to an elongated "base strip" which can be plywood. In the panel dis-closed in Chandler et al~ U.S. patent ~o. 3,068,920, issued Decemher 18, 1962, shakes are laid over a veneer strip which, in turn is laid over a course of shingles.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a roof or sidewall structure of the type includ-ing wood shakes applied in overlapping courses, in which the adjacent sides of the exposed portions of adjacent shakes may be spaced apart without increasing the tendency of the roof or sidewall structure to leak due to blowback and without increasing the rate at which fire would spread should a fire occur.
It also is an object to provide such a struc-ture ~hich retains the durability and appearance of shakes while reducing the amount oE shake material required.
A further object is to provide such a roof or sidewall structure using component parts that are easy to manufacture, formed from readily available building elements and easy to apply.
The foregoing objects can be accomplished in a covering for a surEace of a building structure, such covering including separate generally rectangular covering elements each having respective butt and tip ends and applied in generally coplanar, side adjacent relationship in each of several courses, by the improve-ment comprising a filler element having respective butt and tip ends and a portion fitted between the adjacent sides of adjacent covering elements, at least one side 3 ~ ~ 9 of one of the elements having a shoulder extending transversely of such side, dividing its element into respec-tive ~utt and tip portions of unequal width and abutting a portion of another of the elements.
Such objects can also be accomplished in a covering for a surface of a building structure, such covering in.cluding separate generally rectangular wood shake covering elements having respective ~utt and tip ends and applied in generally coplanar, side adjacent relationship in each of several courses with the tip portions of the covering elements of one course being overlapped by the ~utt portions of the covering elements of a higher course, by the improvement comprising a sawn wood shingle filler element having respective butt and tip ends tapered in thickness towards its tip end, having a portion fitted between adjacent sides of adjacent covering elements in a course and having its bu-tt ends spaced upward from the butt ends of the adjacent covering elements.
Such objects can also be accompl:ished in a covering for a surface of a building structure, such covering including seperate generally rectangular wood shake covering elements having respective butt and tip ends and applied in generally coplanar, side adjacent relationship in each of several courses, by the improvement comprising the adjacent sides of adjacent covering elements in a course having respective shoulders extending transversely of such sides, each shoulder dividing its covering element into respective tip and butt end portions of unequal width such that such adjacent covering elements have corresponding narrower end portions with opposing sides, and a filler element having a portion fitted between such adjacent covering elements and having opposite sides in substantially contiguous engagement, respectively, with the opposing 3, ~9~o~
sides of the narrower end portions of such adjacent coveriny elements.
In a preferred embodlment of the invention, a filler cut from a sawn shinyle is fitted between adjacent shakes such that the adjacent sides of the adjacent shakes are spaced apart a substantial distance to reduce the amount of shake material required. The tips of the shakes and fillers of each course are overlapped by the butt portions of the shakes in the next higher or successive course so that only the butt portions of the shakes and the fillers are exposed to the weather.
Optionally, the fillers can be entirely overlapped by the butt portions of the shakes in the successive course so that only the spaced shake butt portions are exposed.
..
~ ~ 7 9 ~
In drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention~
Figure 1 and Figure 2 are top perspecti~es of component parts of a roof structure in accordance with the presen-t invention, Figure 1 showing an individual generally rectangular covering element, such as a shake, constructed in accordance with the invention, and Figure 2 showing a plug or filler, such as a sawn shingle, constructed in accordance with the invention;
Figure 3 is a somewhat diagrammatic top perspective of a portion of a roof structure in accord-ance with the present invention using the components of Figures 1 and 2, parts being shown in exploded relationship;
Figure 4 is a top plan of a portion of a roof structure in accordance with the present invention using the components of Figures 1 and 2, and Figure 5 is a section taken along line 5--5 of Figure 4;
Figure 6 is a top perspective of a roof or sidewall panel in accordance with the present invention, Figure 7 is a top perspective of the panel of Figure 6 with parts being shown in e~ploded relationship, Figure B is a top plan of the panel of Figure 6, Figure 9 is a section taken along line 9--9 of E'igure B, and Figure 10 is a section taken along line 10--10 of Figure 8;
Figure 11 is a somewhat diagrammatic top perspective of a plurality of panels of the type shown in Figure 6, illustrating application of the panels to form a roof covering, Figure 12 is a corresponding top perspective showing two of such panels in exploded relationship, and Figure 13 is a top plan of a portion 3 .~79:~0~
of a representative roof structure formed by such panels;
Figure 14 is a top perspective of a second roof or sidewall panel in accordance with the present invention, parts being shown in exploded relationship, Figure 15 is a top perspective of a portion of a roof structure in accordance with the present invention using panels of th~ type shown in Figure 14, parts being broken away, and Figure 1~ is a section taken along line 16--16 of Figure lS;
Figures 17 and 18 are top perspectives of component parts of another roof structure in accordance with the present invention, Figure 17 showing a wide individual generally rectangular covering element, such as a shake, having a narrower backing layer, and Figure 18 showing a narrow plug or filler, such as a sawn shingle, having a wider backing layer;
Figure 1~ is a top perspective of a roof or sidewall panel using the components illustrated in Figures 17 and 18, parts being broken away, and Figure 20 is a somewhat diagrammatic top perspective of a portion of a roof structure in accordance with the present invention using roofing panels of the type shown in Figure 19, parts of the panels being broken awa~;
Figures 21 and 22 are top perspectives of component paxts of still another roof structure in accordance with the present invention, Figure 21 showing a modified covering element comonent, and Figure 22 showing a modified plug or filler component; and Figure 23 is a top perspective of a roof or sidewall panel using the components shown in Figures 21 and 22, parts being broken away, and Figure 24 is a somewhat diagrammatic top perspective of a portion of a roof structure in accordance with the present invention ` using roofing panels of the type shown in Figure 23, parts of the panels being broken away.
For purposes of this application "wood shingles"
defines generally rectangular wooden covering elements usually applied in side-by-side relationship in each of several overlapping courses to cover a sloping roof or an upright sidewall supporting structure. The term is generic to "sawn shingles" and "shakes".
"Sawn shingles" have smooth sawn upper and lower surfaces, almost always are tapered in thickness ` lengthwise of the grain and usually are 16 inches (40.5 i cm) to 18 inches (45.7 cm) in length and may be of uniform or random width.
; "Shakes" have at least their upper surfaces formed by splitting, or at least upper surfaces that have been grooved to resemble a split surface such as by rotating steel brushes or by being milled. Shakes sometimes are tapered lengthwise of the grain and typically are 24 inches (61 cm) in length and of random width.
The butts of tapered shakes generally are ~ thicker than the butts of tapered sawn shingles. The ; more time-consuming manufacturing operation and the requirement of using higher grade material, and more of it, make shakes substantially more expensive than sawn shingles.
In accordance with the present invention and as shown in Figure 1, one component part of a roof or sidewall structure in accordance with the present invention is a generally rectangular individual covering ~ ~9~
element, such as a wood shake 1, which has a rough upper surface and preferably is tapered in thickness.
Such a shake includes a thicker butt end 2, a thinner tip end 3 and longitudinal sides 4 connecting the shake butt and -tip ends. The sides 4 of the shake are stepped, providing transverse shoulders 5 facing the tip end of the shake and dividing the shake into a narrower tip portion 6 and a wider butt portion 7. The opposite sides of the shake tip and butt portions are generally parallel and each shoulder 5 extends substantially perpendicular to such sides, such that the side of each butt portion is ofrset from the corresponding side of the tip portion a distance equal to the depth of a shoulder. Preferably the two shoulders are of the same depth, which should be w:ithin the range of 1/4 inch (0.64 cm) and 1-1/2 inches (3.8 cm), preferably being about 3/4 inch (1.9 cm).
~ s shown in Figure 2, the second component of a roof or sidewall structure in accordance with the present invention is a generally rectangular plug or filler 8 which conveniently may be cut from a sawn wood shingle. Such a filler has a thicker butt end 9, a thinner tip end 10 and parallel sides 11 connecting the butt and tip ends. The length of the filler is approx-imately the same as the length of the shake tip portion 6. The width of the filler is substantially greater, preferably about 1/4 inch (0.64 cm) to 1-1/2 inches (3.8 cm) greater, than the combined depths of two shoulders 5. If the shoulders are 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) deep, the filler should be about 1-3/4 inches (4.4 cm) to 3 inches (7.6 cm) wide, preferably about 2-1/4 inches (5.7 cm) wide. The thickness or height of the filler butt should be approximately the same as the thickness o~ a shake at its shoulders.
- The components shown in Figures 1 and 2 are utllized in a roof structure R in the manner shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5. Such roof structure includes roof boards or sheathing S on which a layer of roofing felt ; F or other waterproof material is laid. Except in the ~. starter course, a shake 1 is applied over the tip i portions of shakes in the next lower course. The tip portion of such shake partially overlies the boards or sheathing S. Next a filler 8 is applied with one of its sides 11 substantially in engagement with a side of the tip portion 6 of the shake just applied and the butt 9 of the filler abutting a shake shoulder 5.
Next, another shake is applied with a side of its tip portion substantially in engagement with the side 11 of ; the filler opposite the filler side adjacent to the first shake and a shoulder 5 of the second shake abutting the butt 9 of the filler.
Since the width of the filler is substantially greater than the combined depths of the shoulders it engages, the adjacent sides of the butt portions 7 of adjacent shakes are spaced apart at least to the : extent that the width of the filler exceeds the combined : depths of the shake shoulders. The shake butt portions should be spaced apart at least 1/4 inch (0.64 cm). A
pleasing rustic appearance, and a substantial saving of the more e~pensive shake material, can be achieved with substantially greater spacing of the shake butt portions.
In one embodiment of the invention, the width of a filler exceeds the combined depths of two shoulders by about 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) so that the shake butt portions ~ ~ ~7 ~
are spaced apart about 3/4 inch (1.9 cm).
The application method is continued to form a course C of alternating shakes and fillers with the butt ends 2 of the shakes substantially coplanar.
Successive overlapping courses C then are applied with the spaces between shakes of each succeeding course out of reyistration with the spaces between the shakes of the preceding course.
The spacing of the shake shoulders from the shake butt end 2 is determined by the length of the shake butt portion it is desired to expose to the weather. Such shoulders should be overlapped approx-imately 1/2 inch (1.3 cm) by the shakes of the next succeeding course. In a representative installation, the shakes are 24 inches (61 cm) long with about 10 inches (25.4 cm) of the butt portion of each shake exposed to the weather. In such a representative installation, each shake shoulder is spaced about 10~1/2 inches (26.7 cm) from the butt end of the shake.
The thickness or height of the butt ends 9 of the fillers 8 are substantially equal to the thickness of the shakes 1 at the shoulders 5 and the filler butts abut the shake shoulders tightly, so that such fillers form plugs between adjacent shakes at their shoulders.
Also, the thickness of a filler throughout its length should be approximately equal to the corresponding thickness of the adjacent shake tip portions so that the bottom surfaces of the shakes of each course closely overlie the upper surfaces of the shakes and fillers of the next lower course.
The fillers prevent rain or snow from being blown up between the sides of shakes in -the same course ~ ~ 7 ~
and between the upper surfaces of shakes in a lower course and the bottom surfaces of shakes ln the next higher course, assuring that the completed roof structure is weathertight~ In addition, in case of fire, the fillers or plugs act as fire s-tops deterring the passage of air between adjacent shakes so that the fire will spread less quickly than without such fillers or plugs.
Further, as discussed above, the use of wide fillers spacing apart the adjacent edges of the butt portions of adjacent shakes provides a substantial saving in expensive shake material and gives a pleasing rustic appearance to the completed roof structure without reducing its weathertight character.
The embodiment of the present invention shown in Figures 6 through 13 uses covering element and plug or filler components to form a roofing panel. As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the covering element is a generally rectangular shake 1' which has a butt end 2', a tip end 3' and generally parallel longitudinal sides 4' connecting the shake butt and tip ends. The opposite sides o-f the shake are ~enerally parallel and, preferably, the shake is tapered in thickness from the butt end 2' to the tip end 3'. Although the shake is approximately 12 inches (30.5 cm) in length, its thickness and taper are the same as the butt portion of a standard 24 inch (61 cm) shake. Approximately a 2 inch (5 cm) wide portion of the rough upper surface of each shake is removed adjacent to the tip end 3', such as by routing, leaving a kerf line 12 parallel to the butt end 2' and tip end 3'.
The plug or filler component 8' of the roofing panel may be cut from a sawn wood shingle. Such filler includes a butt end 9', a tip end 10l and longitudinal sides 11' connecting the filler butt and tip ends. One of the sides 11' oE the filler is stepped, providing a transverse shoulder 5' facing the butt end of the filler and dividing the filler into a wider tip portion 6' and a narrower butt portion 7~. The opposite sides of the filler tip and butt portions are generally parallel and the shoulder extends substantially perpen-dicular to such sides.
The width of the filler tip portion 6' should equal the combined widths of the filler butt portion 7' and the shake 1' which will abut the filler shoulder 5' when the roofing panel is assembled with the butt portion 7' of the filler fitted between adjacent shakes;
that is, the lateral extent or depth of the filler shoulder 5' is approximately equal to the width of the shake. Therefore, the upper portion of the stepped side of the filler will be in registration with a side of the shake. If a single sawn shingle filler piece is narrower than the preferred width, a filler extender 8a may be used to form the composite filler as shown toward the leEt of Figure 6.
Preferably the length of the filler tip portion 6', i.e. the distance from the tip end 10' to the shoulder 5', is approximately the same as the length of the shake 1'. The thickness or height of the filler butt portion 7' should be approximately the same as the thickness of the portion of an ad~acent shake with which it is generally aligned when the roofing panel is assembled, as best seen in Figure 10.
The covering element and filler components can be assembled with an underlayer 13 of sawn shingles 14 and suitable waterproof sheet material 15 to form o ~
the roofing or sidewall panel 16 shown in Figures 6 and 7. The sawn shingles 14 of the underlayer 13 are low-grade sawn shingles which may include knots, for example.
Preferably, the underlayer shingles 14 are tapered from their butt ends 17 to their tip ends 1~.
As shown in Figures 7 and 9, the waterproof sheet material 15, which can be standard roofing felt, underlies the major portion of the underlayer 13 of sawn shingles 14 and is secured to the panel at one end by being interposed between a narrow underlayer sawn shingle 20 and the adjacent covering element and filler components. This method of securing the waterproof paper into the roofing panel enables simple construction of the roofing panel and avoids tacking the sheet at both ends of the roofing panel which, as a result of poor workmanship, could result in wrinkles and in the eventual loss of watertight integrity.
To assemble the roofing panel 16, the under-layer sawn shingles 14 are arranged over the waterproof sheet material 15, with the exception of the end sawn shingle 20 which is overlapped by the sheet. Such underlayer shingles are assembled in side adjacent relationship with the adjacent sides of adjacent shingles spaced apart slightly and the butt ends of such shingles substantially coplanar. The shakes 1' and fillers 8 are applied alternately over the underlayer. The shakes cover the major portion of the lower half of the underlayer sawn shingle course and the shake butt ends
ROOF OR SIDEWALL CONSTRUCTION
The present invention relates to sloping roofs and upright sidewalls of the type having horizontal rows of wooden covering elements applied in overlapping courses.
It is known to apply generally rectangular wood shakes in overlapping courses to form the roof of a building structure. The adjacent sides of adjacent shakes in a course are always spaced apart slightly to enable expansion of the shakes transversely of the grain resulting from changes in moisture content and/or temperature ~ithout buckling.
Strips of building felt under the shakes of one course may cover the tip portions o~ the shakes of the next lower course. Nevertheless, rain or snow may be blown upward through the spaces between adjacent shakes and beneath the ~elt strips, which results in leaks. In addition, in case of a roof fire, air circulates readily between the shakes increasing the rate at which the fire spreads. ~s evidenced by ~
patent Nos. 3,664,081, issued i-~ay 23, 1972 to Martin et al. and Re 27,574, issued February 6, 1973 to Krough et al., the problem of blowback of rain and snow previously has been recognized, and it has been proposed to apply a furring strip adjacent to the upper edge of each course of shakes.
Multipiece shingle panels are known utilizing an elongated backing board to which a course of shingles is applied. In the panel disclosed in Martin U.S.
patent No. 3~440,777, issued April 29, 1969, a sheet of g waterprooE material, an underlayer course of shingles and a face course of shakes are secured to an elongated "base strip" which can be plywood. In the panel dis-closed in Chandler et al~ U.S. patent ~o. 3,068,920, issued Decemher 18, 1962, shakes are laid over a veneer strip which, in turn is laid over a course of shingles.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a roof or sidewall structure of the type includ-ing wood shakes applied in overlapping courses, in which the adjacent sides of the exposed portions of adjacent shakes may be spaced apart without increasing the tendency of the roof or sidewall structure to leak due to blowback and without increasing the rate at which fire would spread should a fire occur.
It also is an object to provide such a struc-ture ~hich retains the durability and appearance of shakes while reducing the amount oE shake material required.
A further object is to provide such a roof or sidewall structure using component parts that are easy to manufacture, formed from readily available building elements and easy to apply.
The foregoing objects can be accomplished in a covering for a surEace of a building structure, such covering including separate generally rectangular covering elements each having respective butt and tip ends and applied in generally coplanar, side adjacent relationship in each of several courses, by the improve-ment comprising a filler element having respective butt and tip ends and a portion fitted between the adjacent sides of adjacent covering elements, at least one side 3 ~ ~ 9 of one of the elements having a shoulder extending transversely of such side, dividing its element into respec-tive ~utt and tip portions of unequal width and abutting a portion of another of the elements.
Such objects can also be accomplished in a covering for a surface of a building structure, such covering in.cluding separate generally rectangular wood shake covering elements having respective ~utt and tip ends and applied in generally coplanar, side adjacent relationship in each of several courses with the tip portions of the covering elements of one course being overlapped by the ~utt portions of the covering elements of a higher course, by the improvement comprising a sawn wood shingle filler element having respective butt and tip ends tapered in thickness towards its tip end, having a portion fitted between adjacent sides of adjacent covering elements in a course and having its bu-tt ends spaced upward from the butt ends of the adjacent covering elements.
Such objects can also be accompl:ished in a covering for a surface of a building structure, such covering including seperate generally rectangular wood shake covering elements having respective butt and tip ends and applied in generally coplanar, side adjacent relationship in each of several courses, by the improvement comprising the adjacent sides of adjacent covering elements in a course having respective shoulders extending transversely of such sides, each shoulder dividing its covering element into respective tip and butt end portions of unequal width such that such adjacent covering elements have corresponding narrower end portions with opposing sides, and a filler element having a portion fitted between such adjacent covering elements and having opposite sides in substantially contiguous engagement, respectively, with the opposing 3, ~9~o~
sides of the narrower end portions of such adjacent coveriny elements.
In a preferred embodlment of the invention, a filler cut from a sawn shinyle is fitted between adjacent shakes such that the adjacent sides of the adjacent shakes are spaced apart a substantial distance to reduce the amount of shake material required. The tips of the shakes and fillers of each course are overlapped by the butt portions of the shakes in the next higher or successive course so that only the butt portions of the shakes and the fillers are exposed to the weather.
Optionally, the fillers can be entirely overlapped by the butt portions of the shakes in the successive course so that only the spaced shake butt portions are exposed.
..
~ ~ 7 9 ~
In drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention~
Figure 1 and Figure 2 are top perspecti~es of component parts of a roof structure in accordance with the presen-t invention, Figure 1 showing an individual generally rectangular covering element, such as a shake, constructed in accordance with the invention, and Figure 2 showing a plug or filler, such as a sawn shingle, constructed in accordance with the invention;
Figure 3 is a somewhat diagrammatic top perspective of a portion of a roof structure in accord-ance with the present invention using the components of Figures 1 and 2, parts being shown in exploded relationship;
Figure 4 is a top plan of a portion of a roof structure in accordance with the present invention using the components of Figures 1 and 2, and Figure 5 is a section taken along line 5--5 of Figure 4;
Figure 6 is a top perspective of a roof or sidewall panel in accordance with the present invention, Figure 7 is a top perspective of the panel of Figure 6 with parts being shown in e~ploded relationship, Figure B is a top plan of the panel of Figure 6, Figure 9 is a section taken along line 9--9 of E'igure B, and Figure 10 is a section taken along line 10--10 of Figure 8;
Figure 11 is a somewhat diagrammatic top perspective of a plurality of panels of the type shown in Figure 6, illustrating application of the panels to form a roof covering, Figure 12 is a corresponding top perspective showing two of such panels in exploded relationship, and Figure 13 is a top plan of a portion 3 .~79:~0~
of a representative roof structure formed by such panels;
Figure 14 is a top perspective of a second roof or sidewall panel in accordance with the present invention, parts being shown in exploded relationship, Figure 15 is a top perspective of a portion of a roof structure in accordance with the present invention using panels of th~ type shown in Figure 14, parts being broken away, and Figure 1~ is a section taken along line 16--16 of Figure lS;
Figures 17 and 18 are top perspectives of component parts of another roof structure in accordance with the present invention, Figure 17 showing a wide individual generally rectangular covering element, such as a shake, having a narrower backing layer, and Figure 18 showing a narrow plug or filler, such as a sawn shingle, having a wider backing layer;
Figure 1~ is a top perspective of a roof or sidewall panel using the components illustrated in Figures 17 and 18, parts being broken away, and Figure 20 is a somewhat diagrammatic top perspective of a portion of a roof structure in accordance with the present invention using roofing panels of the type shown in Figure 19, parts of the panels being broken awa~;
Figures 21 and 22 are top perspectives of component paxts of still another roof structure in accordance with the present invention, Figure 21 showing a modified covering element comonent, and Figure 22 showing a modified plug or filler component; and Figure 23 is a top perspective of a roof or sidewall panel using the components shown in Figures 21 and 22, parts being broken away, and Figure 24 is a somewhat diagrammatic top perspective of a portion of a roof structure in accordance with the present invention ` using roofing panels of the type shown in Figure 23, parts of the panels being broken away.
For purposes of this application "wood shingles"
defines generally rectangular wooden covering elements usually applied in side-by-side relationship in each of several overlapping courses to cover a sloping roof or an upright sidewall supporting structure. The term is generic to "sawn shingles" and "shakes".
"Sawn shingles" have smooth sawn upper and lower surfaces, almost always are tapered in thickness ` lengthwise of the grain and usually are 16 inches (40.5 i cm) to 18 inches (45.7 cm) in length and may be of uniform or random width.
; "Shakes" have at least their upper surfaces formed by splitting, or at least upper surfaces that have been grooved to resemble a split surface such as by rotating steel brushes or by being milled. Shakes sometimes are tapered lengthwise of the grain and typically are 24 inches (61 cm) in length and of random width.
The butts of tapered shakes generally are ~ thicker than the butts of tapered sawn shingles. The ; more time-consuming manufacturing operation and the requirement of using higher grade material, and more of it, make shakes substantially more expensive than sawn shingles.
In accordance with the present invention and as shown in Figure 1, one component part of a roof or sidewall structure in accordance with the present invention is a generally rectangular individual covering ~ ~9~
element, such as a wood shake 1, which has a rough upper surface and preferably is tapered in thickness.
Such a shake includes a thicker butt end 2, a thinner tip end 3 and longitudinal sides 4 connecting the shake butt and -tip ends. The sides 4 of the shake are stepped, providing transverse shoulders 5 facing the tip end of the shake and dividing the shake into a narrower tip portion 6 and a wider butt portion 7. The opposite sides of the shake tip and butt portions are generally parallel and each shoulder 5 extends substantially perpendicular to such sides, such that the side of each butt portion is ofrset from the corresponding side of the tip portion a distance equal to the depth of a shoulder. Preferably the two shoulders are of the same depth, which should be w:ithin the range of 1/4 inch (0.64 cm) and 1-1/2 inches (3.8 cm), preferably being about 3/4 inch (1.9 cm).
~ s shown in Figure 2, the second component of a roof or sidewall structure in accordance with the present invention is a generally rectangular plug or filler 8 which conveniently may be cut from a sawn wood shingle. Such a filler has a thicker butt end 9, a thinner tip end 10 and parallel sides 11 connecting the butt and tip ends. The length of the filler is approx-imately the same as the length of the shake tip portion 6. The width of the filler is substantially greater, preferably about 1/4 inch (0.64 cm) to 1-1/2 inches (3.8 cm) greater, than the combined depths of two shoulders 5. If the shoulders are 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) deep, the filler should be about 1-3/4 inches (4.4 cm) to 3 inches (7.6 cm) wide, preferably about 2-1/4 inches (5.7 cm) wide. The thickness or height of the filler butt should be approximately the same as the thickness o~ a shake at its shoulders.
- The components shown in Figures 1 and 2 are utllized in a roof structure R in the manner shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5. Such roof structure includes roof boards or sheathing S on which a layer of roofing felt ; F or other waterproof material is laid. Except in the ~. starter course, a shake 1 is applied over the tip i portions of shakes in the next lower course. The tip portion of such shake partially overlies the boards or sheathing S. Next a filler 8 is applied with one of its sides 11 substantially in engagement with a side of the tip portion 6 of the shake just applied and the butt 9 of the filler abutting a shake shoulder 5.
Next, another shake is applied with a side of its tip portion substantially in engagement with the side 11 of ; the filler opposite the filler side adjacent to the first shake and a shoulder 5 of the second shake abutting the butt 9 of the filler.
Since the width of the filler is substantially greater than the combined depths of the shoulders it engages, the adjacent sides of the butt portions 7 of adjacent shakes are spaced apart at least to the : extent that the width of the filler exceeds the combined : depths of the shake shoulders. The shake butt portions should be spaced apart at least 1/4 inch (0.64 cm). A
pleasing rustic appearance, and a substantial saving of the more e~pensive shake material, can be achieved with substantially greater spacing of the shake butt portions.
In one embodiment of the invention, the width of a filler exceeds the combined depths of two shoulders by about 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) so that the shake butt portions ~ ~ ~7 ~
are spaced apart about 3/4 inch (1.9 cm).
The application method is continued to form a course C of alternating shakes and fillers with the butt ends 2 of the shakes substantially coplanar.
Successive overlapping courses C then are applied with the spaces between shakes of each succeeding course out of reyistration with the spaces between the shakes of the preceding course.
The spacing of the shake shoulders from the shake butt end 2 is determined by the length of the shake butt portion it is desired to expose to the weather. Such shoulders should be overlapped approx-imately 1/2 inch (1.3 cm) by the shakes of the next succeeding course. In a representative installation, the shakes are 24 inches (61 cm) long with about 10 inches (25.4 cm) of the butt portion of each shake exposed to the weather. In such a representative installation, each shake shoulder is spaced about 10~1/2 inches (26.7 cm) from the butt end of the shake.
The thickness or height of the butt ends 9 of the fillers 8 are substantially equal to the thickness of the shakes 1 at the shoulders 5 and the filler butts abut the shake shoulders tightly, so that such fillers form plugs between adjacent shakes at their shoulders.
Also, the thickness of a filler throughout its length should be approximately equal to the corresponding thickness of the adjacent shake tip portions so that the bottom surfaces of the shakes of each course closely overlie the upper surfaces of the shakes and fillers of the next lower course.
The fillers prevent rain or snow from being blown up between the sides of shakes in -the same course ~ ~ 7 ~
and between the upper surfaces of shakes in a lower course and the bottom surfaces of shakes ln the next higher course, assuring that the completed roof structure is weathertight~ In addition, in case of fire, the fillers or plugs act as fire s-tops deterring the passage of air between adjacent shakes so that the fire will spread less quickly than without such fillers or plugs.
Further, as discussed above, the use of wide fillers spacing apart the adjacent edges of the butt portions of adjacent shakes provides a substantial saving in expensive shake material and gives a pleasing rustic appearance to the completed roof structure without reducing its weathertight character.
The embodiment of the present invention shown in Figures 6 through 13 uses covering element and plug or filler components to form a roofing panel. As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the covering element is a generally rectangular shake 1' which has a butt end 2', a tip end 3' and generally parallel longitudinal sides 4' connecting the shake butt and tip ends. The opposite sides o-f the shake are ~enerally parallel and, preferably, the shake is tapered in thickness from the butt end 2' to the tip end 3'. Although the shake is approximately 12 inches (30.5 cm) in length, its thickness and taper are the same as the butt portion of a standard 24 inch (61 cm) shake. Approximately a 2 inch (5 cm) wide portion of the rough upper surface of each shake is removed adjacent to the tip end 3', such as by routing, leaving a kerf line 12 parallel to the butt end 2' and tip end 3'.
The plug or filler component 8' of the roofing panel may be cut from a sawn wood shingle. Such filler includes a butt end 9', a tip end 10l and longitudinal sides 11' connecting the filler butt and tip ends. One of the sides 11' oE the filler is stepped, providing a transverse shoulder 5' facing the butt end of the filler and dividing the filler into a wider tip portion 6' and a narrower butt portion 7~. The opposite sides of the filler tip and butt portions are generally parallel and the shoulder extends substantially perpen-dicular to such sides.
The width of the filler tip portion 6' should equal the combined widths of the filler butt portion 7' and the shake 1' which will abut the filler shoulder 5' when the roofing panel is assembled with the butt portion 7' of the filler fitted between adjacent shakes;
that is, the lateral extent or depth of the filler shoulder 5' is approximately equal to the width of the shake. Therefore, the upper portion of the stepped side of the filler will be in registration with a side of the shake. If a single sawn shingle filler piece is narrower than the preferred width, a filler extender 8a may be used to form the composite filler as shown toward the leEt of Figure 6.
Preferably the length of the filler tip portion 6', i.e. the distance from the tip end 10' to the shoulder 5', is approximately the same as the length of the shake 1'. The thickness or height of the filler butt portion 7' should be approximately the same as the thickness of the portion of an ad~acent shake with which it is generally aligned when the roofing panel is assembled, as best seen in Figure 10.
The covering element and filler components can be assembled with an underlayer 13 of sawn shingles 14 and suitable waterproof sheet material 15 to form o ~
the roofing or sidewall panel 16 shown in Figures 6 and 7. The sawn shingles 14 of the underlayer 13 are low-grade sawn shingles which may include knots, for example.
Preferably, the underlayer shingles 14 are tapered from their butt ends 17 to their tip ends 1~.
As shown in Figures 7 and 9, the waterproof sheet material 15, which can be standard roofing felt, underlies the major portion of the underlayer 13 of sawn shingles 14 and is secured to the panel at one end by being interposed between a narrow underlayer sawn shingle 20 and the adjacent covering element and filler components. This method of securing the waterproof paper into the roofing panel enables simple construction of the roofing panel and avoids tacking the sheet at both ends of the roofing panel which, as a result of poor workmanship, could result in wrinkles and in the eventual loss of watertight integrity.
To assemble the roofing panel 16, the under-layer sawn shingles 14 are arranged over the waterproof sheet material 15, with the exception of the end sawn shingle 20 which is overlapped by the sheet. Such underlayer shingles are assembled in side adjacent relationship with the adjacent sides of adjacent shingles spaced apart slightly and the butt ends of such shingles substantially coplanar. The shakes 1' and fillers 8 are applied alternately over the underlayer. The shakes cover the major portion of the lower half of the underlayer sawn shingle course and the shake butt ends
2' overhang the butt ends 17 of the underlayer sawn shingles. Adjacent shakes are spaced apart by the butt portion 7' of a filler 8', and the opposite sides of such filler butt portion preferably are in substantially ~ .L ~
contiguous engagement with the sides of the adjacent shakes. Similarly, preferably the filler shoulder 5' is substantially contiguously abu-tted by the shake tip end 3'. Eiller extenders ~a are applied as required to assure that the upper portion of the course of underlayer sawn shingles is covered by the tip portions ~l of the fillers which include the extenders 8a. Such filler tip portions overhang the tips of the underlayer sawn shingles. Care is taken to ensure that none of the spaces between adjacent shakes exposes a joint between adjacent underlayer shingles.
The roofing or sidewall panel components are secured in conventional manner such as with staples 19 as indicated, for example, in Figure 8. The staples can be applied through the shakes 1' in the area between the tip end 3' and the kerf line 12, and through -the fillers 8' in the filler tip portions 6' so that the staples will be hidden by the successive course of roofing panels. The kerf line 12 serves as a guide to align the successive courses of assembled panels as seen, for example, in Figures 11 and 12. By securing the successive courses of panels to the roof or sidewall with the lower ends of the underlayer sawn shingles of the successive panel aligned with the kerf line 12 of the shakes of the next lower panel, the successive courses are maintained parallel and a uniform exposure is assured.
The end portion of the waterproof sheet 15 opposite the end secured over the end underlayer shingle 20 extends beyond the sawn shingle underlayer, and the secured end portion of the sheet, as best seen in Figure 9, extends beyond the exposed side of the sawn ~ ~9~0g shingle 20 up to the exposed side of the covering element and filler which are secured over the sawn shingle 20. Therefore~ as a course of roof panels is laid up on a building structure, the covering element and filler secured over the sawn shlngle 20 overlap the exposed end portion of the sawn shingle underlayer of the preceding roof panel. In addition, and waterproof sheet 15 of the preceding panel underlies a por-tion of the sawn shingle underlayer of the succeeding panel.
The length of the filler butt portion 7' depends on whether the lower tip of the butt portion is to be exposed, as indicated in Figures 11, 12 and 13, or is to be completely overlapped by a panel of the next higher course. The exposed butt portion embodiment of Figure 12 is preferred, since the exposed butt portion 7' would cover knots and other defects in the sawn shingles 14 of the roof pallel underlayer 13. This allows use of a lower grade urlderlayer sawn shingle, without reducing the attractiveness of the finished roo~ or sidewall.
The embodiment shown in Figures 14 to 16 is identical to the embodiment shown in Figures 6 through 13 with the exceptions that; both sides 11" of each of the fillers 8" is stepped, forming two shoulders 5"
each of which extends substantially perpendicular to the filler sides, dividing the filler into a butt portion 7" and a tip portion 6" of unequal width; and the butt portion 7" of the filler is shorter. Although slightly more expensive to construct, this embodiment improves the weathertightness of the resulting roofing panel hecause the tip end 3' of both adjacent covering elements 1' abut a shoulder 5" of the filler. The I :~7~LO~
shorter filler butt portions extend downward between adjacent shakes only to the kerf line 12. Therefore, as ; shown in Figure 15, the butt end 911 of the filler 8" is not exposed in tne completed roof structure, resulting in a somewhat different appearance than the embodiment of Figures 6 through 13.
. The embodiment of the present invention shown in Figures 17 to 20 utilizes a composite shake covering element 21 and a composite sawn shingle filler element 1030. The shake covering element 21, shown in Figure 17, includes a 24 inch (61 cm) shake 21a which is approx-imately 5/8 inch (1.6 cm) in th:ickness at its butt end 22 and 1/16 inch (.16 cm) in th:ickness at its tip end 23. The sides 24 of the shake are stepped, providing transverse shoulders 25 facing the tip portion 26 which is narrower than the butt portion 27. The opposite sides of the shake tip and butt portions are generally ~; parallel, and each shoulder 25 extends substantially perp~ndicular to such sides. The two shoulders are of 20 the same depth, preferably approximately 1/2 inch (1.3 cm).
The composite shake covering element 21 includes an 18 inch (45.7 cm) underlayer sawn shingle 28, narrower than the shake 21a, laterally centered beneath the shake with the underlayer shingle butt end 29 substantially coplanar with the shake butt end 22.
The underlayer shingle butt end thickness is approx-imately .45 inches (1.15 cm). The underlayer shingle 28 can be secured to the shake 21a by blind staples, that is~ staples of lengths less than the combined thicknesses of the underlayer shingle 28 and shake 21a, such staples being applied from the underside of the ~ .~ 79~0~
;
underlayer shingle.
The composite sawn shingle filler element 30, shown in Figure 18, includes -two 18 inch (45.7 cm) sawn - shingles 31, 32 having butt ends 33, 34, respectively, each approximately .45 inch (1.15 cm) in thickness.
Such shingles are tapered toward their tip ends 35, 36, respectively. The upper or face shingle 31 is generally rectangular and has stepped longitudinal sides 37 providing transverse shoulders 38 facing the butt end 33 of the face shingle 31 and dividing the face shingle into a narrower butt portion 39 and a wider tip portion 40. The opposite sides of the face shingle tip and butt portions are generally parallel and each shoulder 38 extends substantially perpendicular to such sides.
The two shoulders are of the same depth, preferably approximately 1/2 inch (1.3 cm).
A backing or underlayer sawn shingle 32 of the composite filler element 30 is generally rectangular in shape, having parallel sides 41 connecting the butt and tip ends 34 and 36, respectively. The width of the backing shingle 32 is greater than the width of the tip portion 4~ of the face shingle 31, such that the backing shingle extends laterally beyond the opposite sides of the butt portion 39 of the face shingle a distance approximately e~ual to the lateral overlap of the shake 2]a beyond the sides of the underlayer sawn shingle 28.
The length of the butt portion 39 of the face shingle 31 ls approximately 5 to 5-1/2 inches (12.7 to 14 cm), and the face shlngle 31 is secured to the backing shingle 32 with, for example, blind staples, so that the butt end 33 of the face shingle 31 is offset approx-imately 5 to 5-1/2 inches (12.7 to 14 cm) from the butt .
o g end 34 of the backing shingle 32.
The composite components 21 and 30 are laid up on a roof or a wall with the sides of the sawn underlayer shingle 28 and backing shingle 32 closely adjacent and a portion of the butt portion 27 of the shake 21a overlying a portion of the backing shingle 32. The butt end 34 of the backing shingle 32 is substantially coplanar with the butt end 29 of the underlayer shingle 28, the upper surface of the face shingle 31 is substantially coplanar with the upper surface of the shake 21a and the adjacent shoulders 25 and 38 interlock, as shown in Figure 19.
The components are applied to a roofing felt-covered roof or sidewall with nails similar to the : components of Figures 1 and 2 except that a composite shake covering element 21 and a composite sawn shingle filler element 30 are applied al the same time so that a portion of the shake 21a will overlie a portion of both adjacent backing shingles 32 and -the longitudinal sides 24 of the shake 21a will substantially abut the adjacent sides 37 of both adjacent face shingles 31.
With the components so positioned, the shoulders 25 of the shake 21a and adjacent shoulders 38 of the adjacent face shingles 31 are abutted tightly. A succeeding course is applied with the butt portions of the components overlying the tip portions of the components of the previous course, covering the shoulders and nails of the previous course. Since both faces of each course are substantially coplanar, the butt portion of the succeeding course closely overlies the previous course, deterring blowback of rain and reducing- the rate at which fire would spread should a fire occur.
~ ~ 79~0~
Since only 5 to 5-1/2 inches (12.7 to 14 cm) of the face shingle 31 and backing shingle 32 are exposed, only 5 to 5-1/2 inches (12.7 to 14 cm) of each of the shingles must be clear, that is, free of defects.
Therefo~e, a less expensive shingle material may be used without loss of weathertightness.
To increase the ease and speed of application, the composite covering elements 21 and composite filler elements 30 can be assembled into a panel 42, shown in Figure 19, prior to being secured to the roof or sidewall.
The panel components can be secured together by blind staples, for example, with a portion of the shakes 21a overlying portions of the adjacent backing shingles 32, the adjacent sides of the shakes 21a and face shingles 31 substantially abutting, and the adjacent shoulders abutting. Application of the panel of a succeeding course over the panel of a preceding course is illustrated in Figure 20. Preferably the sides of the wood shingles of the succeeding course are not aligned with the sides of the wood shingles of the preceding course.
Figures 21 to 24 show a further modification in which the shake 21a' and the face shingle 31' are generally rectangular and do not include stepped sides forming shoulders. The composite shake covering element 21' and composite filler element 30l are applied to a roof or sidewall with the butt end 22' of the shake 21a' and the butt end 34' of backing shingle 32' sub-stantially coplanar, a portion of shake 21a' overlapping a portion of backing shingle 32', and the adjacent sides 24' and 37' substantially abutting. Although less resistant to blowback and spread of fire, the embodiment of Figures 21 to 24 re~uires less material lg ~ ~9~0~3 and milling and, therefore, is less expensive to manu-fac~ure.
Another modification of the embodiment shown in Figure 21 is the use of two narrow underlayer sawn shingles 28' in place of one underlayer sawn shingle.
This allows the use of otherwise scrap sawn shingles.
The Figures 21 and 22 elements can be assembled into a panel 42', shown in Figure 23, similar to the panel 42 shown in Figure 19. As shown in Figure 24, the roofing panels 42' can be applied to a roofing felt-covered roof-supporting structure with the shakes 21a' of one course in alignment with the shakes of the preceding course. ~Iowever, the sides of the wood shingles of the succeeding course preferably are not aligned with the sides of the wood shingles of the preceding course. Optionally, shakes and face shingles of random widths can be used so that some of the grooved shakes of one course will ~e in registration and some will be out of registration with the shakes of the preceding course.
contiguous engagement with the sides of the adjacent shakes. Similarly, preferably the filler shoulder 5' is substantially contiguously abu-tted by the shake tip end 3'. Eiller extenders ~a are applied as required to assure that the upper portion of the course of underlayer sawn shingles is covered by the tip portions ~l of the fillers which include the extenders 8a. Such filler tip portions overhang the tips of the underlayer sawn shingles. Care is taken to ensure that none of the spaces between adjacent shakes exposes a joint between adjacent underlayer shingles.
The roofing or sidewall panel components are secured in conventional manner such as with staples 19 as indicated, for example, in Figure 8. The staples can be applied through the shakes 1' in the area between the tip end 3' and the kerf line 12, and through -the fillers 8' in the filler tip portions 6' so that the staples will be hidden by the successive course of roofing panels. The kerf line 12 serves as a guide to align the successive courses of assembled panels as seen, for example, in Figures 11 and 12. By securing the successive courses of panels to the roof or sidewall with the lower ends of the underlayer sawn shingles of the successive panel aligned with the kerf line 12 of the shakes of the next lower panel, the successive courses are maintained parallel and a uniform exposure is assured.
The end portion of the waterproof sheet 15 opposite the end secured over the end underlayer shingle 20 extends beyond the sawn shingle underlayer, and the secured end portion of the sheet, as best seen in Figure 9, extends beyond the exposed side of the sawn ~ ~9~0g shingle 20 up to the exposed side of the covering element and filler which are secured over the sawn shingle 20. Therefore~ as a course of roof panels is laid up on a building structure, the covering element and filler secured over the sawn shlngle 20 overlap the exposed end portion of the sawn shingle underlayer of the preceding roof panel. In addition, and waterproof sheet 15 of the preceding panel underlies a por-tion of the sawn shingle underlayer of the succeeding panel.
The length of the filler butt portion 7' depends on whether the lower tip of the butt portion is to be exposed, as indicated in Figures 11, 12 and 13, or is to be completely overlapped by a panel of the next higher course. The exposed butt portion embodiment of Figure 12 is preferred, since the exposed butt portion 7' would cover knots and other defects in the sawn shingles 14 of the roof pallel underlayer 13. This allows use of a lower grade urlderlayer sawn shingle, without reducing the attractiveness of the finished roo~ or sidewall.
The embodiment shown in Figures 14 to 16 is identical to the embodiment shown in Figures 6 through 13 with the exceptions that; both sides 11" of each of the fillers 8" is stepped, forming two shoulders 5"
each of which extends substantially perpendicular to the filler sides, dividing the filler into a butt portion 7" and a tip portion 6" of unequal width; and the butt portion 7" of the filler is shorter. Although slightly more expensive to construct, this embodiment improves the weathertightness of the resulting roofing panel hecause the tip end 3' of both adjacent covering elements 1' abut a shoulder 5" of the filler. The I :~7~LO~
shorter filler butt portions extend downward between adjacent shakes only to the kerf line 12. Therefore, as ; shown in Figure 15, the butt end 911 of the filler 8" is not exposed in tne completed roof structure, resulting in a somewhat different appearance than the embodiment of Figures 6 through 13.
. The embodiment of the present invention shown in Figures 17 to 20 utilizes a composite shake covering element 21 and a composite sawn shingle filler element 1030. The shake covering element 21, shown in Figure 17, includes a 24 inch (61 cm) shake 21a which is approx-imately 5/8 inch (1.6 cm) in th:ickness at its butt end 22 and 1/16 inch (.16 cm) in th:ickness at its tip end 23. The sides 24 of the shake are stepped, providing transverse shoulders 25 facing the tip portion 26 which is narrower than the butt portion 27. The opposite sides of the shake tip and butt portions are generally ~; parallel, and each shoulder 25 extends substantially perp~ndicular to such sides. The two shoulders are of 20 the same depth, preferably approximately 1/2 inch (1.3 cm).
The composite shake covering element 21 includes an 18 inch (45.7 cm) underlayer sawn shingle 28, narrower than the shake 21a, laterally centered beneath the shake with the underlayer shingle butt end 29 substantially coplanar with the shake butt end 22.
The underlayer shingle butt end thickness is approx-imately .45 inches (1.15 cm). The underlayer shingle 28 can be secured to the shake 21a by blind staples, that is~ staples of lengths less than the combined thicknesses of the underlayer shingle 28 and shake 21a, such staples being applied from the underside of the ~ .~ 79~0~
;
underlayer shingle.
The composite sawn shingle filler element 30, shown in Figure 18, includes -two 18 inch (45.7 cm) sawn - shingles 31, 32 having butt ends 33, 34, respectively, each approximately .45 inch (1.15 cm) in thickness.
Such shingles are tapered toward their tip ends 35, 36, respectively. The upper or face shingle 31 is generally rectangular and has stepped longitudinal sides 37 providing transverse shoulders 38 facing the butt end 33 of the face shingle 31 and dividing the face shingle into a narrower butt portion 39 and a wider tip portion 40. The opposite sides of the face shingle tip and butt portions are generally parallel and each shoulder 38 extends substantially perpendicular to such sides.
The two shoulders are of the same depth, preferably approximately 1/2 inch (1.3 cm).
A backing or underlayer sawn shingle 32 of the composite filler element 30 is generally rectangular in shape, having parallel sides 41 connecting the butt and tip ends 34 and 36, respectively. The width of the backing shingle 32 is greater than the width of the tip portion 4~ of the face shingle 31, such that the backing shingle extends laterally beyond the opposite sides of the butt portion 39 of the face shingle a distance approximately e~ual to the lateral overlap of the shake 2]a beyond the sides of the underlayer sawn shingle 28.
The length of the butt portion 39 of the face shingle 31 ls approximately 5 to 5-1/2 inches (12.7 to 14 cm), and the face shlngle 31 is secured to the backing shingle 32 with, for example, blind staples, so that the butt end 33 of the face shingle 31 is offset approx-imately 5 to 5-1/2 inches (12.7 to 14 cm) from the butt .
o g end 34 of the backing shingle 32.
The composite components 21 and 30 are laid up on a roof or a wall with the sides of the sawn underlayer shingle 28 and backing shingle 32 closely adjacent and a portion of the butt portion 27 of the shake 21a overlying a portion of the backing shingle 32. The butt end 34 of the backing shingle 32 is substantially coplanar with the butt end 29 of the underlayer shingle 28, the upper surface of the face shingle 31 is substantially coplanar with the upper surface of the shake 21a and the adjacent shoulders 25 and 38 interlock, as shown in Figure 19.
The components are applied to a roofing felt-covered roof or sidewall with nails similar to the : components of Figures 1 and 2 except that a composite shake covering element 21 and a composite sawn shingle filler element 30 are applied al the same time so that a portion of the shake 21a will overlie a portion of both adjacent backing shingles 32 and -the longitudinal sides 24 of the shake 21a will substantially abut the adjacent sides 37 of both adjacent face shingles 31.
With the components so positioned, the shoulders 25 of the shake 21a and adjacent shoulders 38 of the adjacent face shingles 31 are abutted tightly. A succeeding course is applied with the butt portions of the components overlying the tip portions of the components of the previous course, covering the shoulders and nails of the previous course. Since both faces of each course are substantially coplanar, the butt portion of the succeeding course closely overlies the previous course, deterring blowback of rain and reducing- the rate at which fire would spread should a fire occur.
~ ~ 79~0~
Since only 5 to 5-1/2 inches (12.7 to 14 cm) of the face shingle 31 and backing shingle 32 are exposed, only 5 to 5-1/2 inches (12.7 to 14 cm) of each of the shingles must be clear, that is, free of defects.
Therefo~e, a less expensive shingle material may be used without loss of weathertightness.
To increase the ease and speed of application, the composite covering elements 21 and composite filler elements 30 can be assembled into a panel 42, shown in Figure 19, prior to being secured to the roof or sidewall.
The panel components can be secured together by blind staples, for example, with a portion of the shakes 21a overlying portions of the adjacent backing shingles 32, the adjacent sides of the shakes 21a and face shingles 31 substantially abutting, and the adjacent shoulders abutting. Application of the panel of a succeeding course over the panel of a preceding course is illustrated in Figure 20. Preferably the sides of the wood shingles of the succeeding course are not aligned with the sides of the wood shingles of the preceding course.
Figures 21 to 24 show a further modification in which the shake 21a' and the face shingle 31' are generally rectangular and do not include stepped sides forming shoulders. The composite shake covering element 21' and composite filler element 30l are applied to a roof or sidewall with the butt end 22' of the shake 21a' and the butt end 34' of backing shingle 32' sub-stantially coplanar, a portion of shake 21a' overlapping a portion of backing shingle 32', and the adjacent sides 24' and 37' substantially abutting. Although less resistant to blowback and spread of fire, the embodiment of Figures 21 to 24 re~uires less material lg ~ ~9~0~3 and milling and, therefore, is less expensive to manu-fac~ure.
Another modification of the embodiment shown in Figure 21 is the use of two narrow underlayer sawn shingles 28' in place of one underlayer sawn shingle.
This allows the use of otherwise scrap sawn shingles.
The Figures 21 and 22 elements can be assembled into a panel 42', shown in Figure 23, similar to the panel 42 shown in Figure 19. As shown in Figure 24, the roofing panels 42' can be applied to a roofing felt-covered roof-supporting structure with the shakes 21a' of one course in alignment with the shakes of the preceding course. ~Iowever, the sides of the wood shingles of the succeeding course preferably are not aligned with the sides of the wood shingles of the preceding course. Optionally, shakes and face shingles of random widths can be used so that some of the grooved shakes of one course will ~e in registration and some will be out of registration with the shakes of the preceding course.
Claims (20)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a covering for a surface of a building structure, such covering including separate generally rectangular covering elements each having respective butt and tip ends and applied in generally coplanar, side adjacent relationship in each of several courses, the improve-ment comprising a filler element having respective butt and tip ends and a portion fitted between the adjacent sides of adjacent covering elements, at least one side of one of the elements having a shoulder extending transversely of such side, dividing its element into respective butt and tip portions of unequal width and abutting a portion of another of the elements.
2. In the covering defined in claim 1, one side of the filler element having the shoulder, the shoulder dividing the filler element into a wide tip portion and a narrower butt portion, the filler butt portion being fitted between the adjacent sides of adjacent covering elements and the shoulder abutting the tip end of one of such adjacent covering elements.
3. In the covering defined in claim 1, one side of the filler element having the shoulder, and the adjacent side of one of the covering elements having a second shoulder extending transversely of such adjacent covering element side and abutting the shoulder of the filler element.
4. In the covering defined in claim 1, the shoulder being overlapped by the butt portions of elements of the next higher course.
5. In the covering defined in claim 1, a side of one of the covering elements having the shoulder, and the filler element portion abutting the shoulder being of a width substantially greater than the depth of the shoulder.
6. In the covering defined in claim 1, the thickness of the element portion abutting the shoulder being substantially equal to the thickness of the shouldered element at its shoulder.
7. In the covering defined in claim 1, the adjacent sides of adjacent covering elements having respective shoulders extending transversely of such sides, each shoulder dividing its covering element into respective tip and butt portions of unequal width, and the filler element having a portion fitted between such adjacent sides and abutting said shoulders.
8. In the covering defined in claim 7, the filler element portion fitted between the adjacent covering elements being of a width substantially greater than the combined depths of the two shoulders.
9. In the covering defined in claim 1, the covering elements including wood shakes tapered in thickness toward their tips and the filler being a sawn shingle tapered in thickness toward its tip.
10. In the covering defined in claim 1, 3 or 9, the butt end of one of the elements being spaced above the butt end of another of the elements.
11. In a covering for a surface of a building structure, such covering including separate generally rectangular wood shake covering elements having respective butt and tip ends and applied in generally coplanar, side adjacent relationship in each of several courses with the tip portions of the covering elements of one course being overlapped by the butt portions of the covering elements of a higher course, the improvement comprising a sawn wood shingle filler element having respective butt and tip ends tapered in thickness towards its tip end, having a portion fitted between adjacent sides of adjacent covering elements in a course, and having its butt ends spaced upward from the butt ends of the adjacent covering elements.
12. In the covering defined in claim 2 or 11, the filler element having a butt end in close proximity to the butt end of a covering element of the next higher course of covering elements.
13. In the covering defined in claim 11, the covering elements including face shakes and sawn shingle underlayers beneath said covering element face shakes, and the filler element including a sawn face shingle and a sawn shingle backing beneath said filler element face shingle.
14. In the covering defined in claim 13, the butt end of the filler element face shingle being positioned between the butt and tip ends of the underlying backing shingle, and a portion of one of the adjacent covering elements overlying a portion of the filler element backing shingle.
15. In the covering defined in claim 11, the filler element having a butt end positioned between the butt and tip ends of each of the adjacent shakes in the same course.
16. In the covering defined in claim 15, the thickness of the filler element at its butt end being approximately equal to the thickness of the portion of an adjacent shake generally aligned lengthwise of its course with the filler element butt end.
17. In the covering defined in claim 1 or 11, an underlayer row of sawn shingles arranged in side-by-side relationship substantially directly beneath adjacent covering elements in the same course and the filler element between such adjacent covering elements.
18. In the covering defined in claim 2 or 11, portions of the opposite sides of the filler element being in substantially contiguous engagement, respectively, with the facing sides of the adjacent covering elements.
19. In a covering for a surface of a building structure, such covering including separate generally rectangular covering elements having respective butt and tip ends and applied in generally coplanar, side adjacent relationship in each of several courses, the improvement comprising the adjacent sides of adjacent covering elements in a course having respective shoulders extending transversely of such sides, each shoulder dividing its covering element into respective tip and butt end portions of unequal width such that such adjacent covering elements have corresponding narrower end portions with opposing sides, and a filler element having a portion fitted between such adjacent covering elements and having opposite sides in substantially contiguous engagement, respectively, with the opposing sides of the narrower end portions of such adjacent covering elements.
20. In the covering defined in claim 19, the covering elements being wood shakes each having a split upper surface and tapered in thickness toward its tip and the filler element being a sawn wood shingle tapered in thickness toward its tip.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000469687A CA1193417A (en) | 1981-04-13 | 1984-12-10 | Roof or sidewall construction |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/253,495 US4391076A (en) | 1979-07-23 | 1981-04-13 | Roof or sidewall construction |
| US253,495 | 1981-04-13 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000469687A Division CA1193417A (en) | 1981-04-13 | 1984-12-10 | Roof or sidewall construction |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1179109A true CA1179109A (en) | 1984-12-11 |
Family
ID=22960519
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000383135A Expired CA1179109A (en) | 1981-04-13 | 1981-08-04 | Roof or sidewall construction |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1179109A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-08-04 CA CA000383135A patent/CA1179109A/en not_active Expired
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