CA1178084A - Apparatus and method for detecting fouled cooling circuits in a blast furnace or the like - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for detecting fouled cooling circuits in a blast furnace or the likeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1178084A CA1178084A CA000406521A CA406521A CA1178084A CA 1178084 A CA1178084 A CA 1178084A CA 000406521 A CA000406521 A CA 000406521A CA 406521 A CA406521 A CA 406521A CA 1178084 A CA1178084 A CA 1178084A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- flow
- measuring
- cooling fluid
- flow passage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor
- C21B7/103—Detection of leakages of the cooling liquid
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure Apparatus and method for detecting fouled cooling circuits in a blast furnace or the like are disclosed. The apparatus com-prises a first and second flow passage. Operatively associated with the first flow passage are a temperature sensing member and a flow meter member. A valve or the like, positioned within the first flow passage, is capable of diverting fluid flow from the first flow pas-sage through the second flow passage so as to minimize instrumenta-tion damage which may otherwise occur upon installation of the de-vice. Data generated from the device is utilized to calculate heat flux for individual cooling circuit lines. These heat flux values are then compared to predetermined optimal values to ascertain if fouling or pluggage of the particular cooling circuit line has oc-curred.
Description
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETECTING FOULED
COOLING CIRCUITS IN A BLAST FURNACE OR THE LIKE
Background of The Invention . .
The present invention pertains to an apparatus and method for determining which, if any, cooling circuits in a blast furnace or similar device have become fouled or plugged.
The ultimate life and total performance of an iron making blast furnace are dependent on the ability of the furnace refractory to withstand the extreme operating conditions of high gas tempera-; 10 ture and abrasive charge materials. Unfortunately, furnace refrac-tories have a limited life. Aside from mechanical abrasive effects, degradation or solution rate of most refractories is dependent on the refractory temperature itself. Generally, as refractory tem-perature increases, so does the solution rate.
.
In order to decrease high temperature effects on the blast furnace refractory and to provide structural integrity, cooling water stack systems have been incorporated into most blast furnace ~ designs. It is typical for these furnaces to have a matrix of cop-per stack plates embedded in the refractory stack walls to supply , ;
11~78~8'~
the necessary cooling. Each individual cooling circui t normally has an upstream end and a downstream end and includes about 10 or less of these stack plates. Most blast furnace cooling circuits utilize once-through water systems and are diagonally or horizontally dis-posed about the furnace. Commonly, about 80 - 150 of such circuits are provided about the furnace. Water supply is usually off a corn-s mon header with each circuit having its own discharge into an open trough surrounding the furnace.
Various cooling system monitoring means have been designed to monitor varying operating parameters of the cooling circuits.
For instance, in U.S. Patent 3,652,070 (Sagara), there is disclosed an apparatus wherein a temperature sensing means extends within the refractory itself, and is associated with control means to regulate the passage of cooling fluid through the refractory medium to there-by control the adhesion of fused slag to the refractory.
In U.S. Patent 4,188,021 (Patuzzi, et al) entitled "Metal-lurgical Vessel Cooling and Safety System" an emergency drainage system is disclosed, the intent of which is to provide for the dump-ing of cooling fluid during an upset to prevent equipment and/or personal damages. Of similar import is U.S. Patent 4,133,373 (Slagley et al) which discloses a leak detecting apparatus for a blast fur-nace cooling system.
Althouth the above-noted cooling system monitoring means are known in the art, to our knowledge, no one has yet devised a portable, hand-held assembly that provides an easy and convenient means for ascertaining if certain circuits in the blast furnace have become clogged or fouled. As is well-known, clogging or fouling of these cooling circuits impedes the desired heat transfer function of the cooling system, leading to decreased refractory life. Moreover, although various chemical additives may be added to these systems, to minimize deposition and fouling of the cooling circuits, it is highly desirable to provide a means which is capable of gauging the efficacy of these chemical additives.
These and other objects are achieved by the apparatus and methods disclosed herein.
Summary of The Invention The present invention provides a convenient hand-held portable device which can be used to measure the flow rate and temperature on the open-ended discharge pipes of a blast furnace cooling circuit line or lines. By the use of the above two para-meters, in addition to measurement of the influent cooling fluid temperature, the heat flux for each cooling line may be calculated, with the data allowing the observer to render certain judgments regarding the cooling circuit performance of individual circuits or the entire furnace in general.
, A measured decrease in flow, temperature, or heat flux from a predetermined value will generally indicate a problem such as : circuit pluggage or fouling. An increase in these parameters, over the predetermined value, is generally indicative of reduced pluggage or scale removal. It is thus apparent that this data is useful in monitoring the efficacy of any chemical additives that may have been - 25 admitted to the cooling system for the purpose of controlling ' deposits.
il~78~84 Briefly, the apparatus comprises a first conduit that de-fines a first flow passage for the cooling liquid when the device is connected to the discharge end of a particular cooling circuit.
A thermocouple or the like is disposed in this first flow passage to measure the temperature of the cooling fluid flowing therethrough.
This thermocouple, or similar temperature sensing device, may be associated with a digital LED readout display so that the user may immediately read and record the discharge temperature of the parti-cular cooling circuit line.
A flow meter is also operatively connected to the first flow passage to measure the cooling fluid flow at the discharge end of the cooling circuit. Preferably, a by-pass conduit means is also part of the integral, hand portable equipment, so that, when the device is initially connected to the cooling circuit, back pres-sure may be relieved thereby. Also, use of the by-pass conduit means at initial hook-up time prevents damage to the temperature sensing device and flow meter that may otherwise occur.
Drawing The invention shall now be illustrated in further detail in the following detailed description and the appended drawing in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic drawing illustrating the preferred embodiment of the blast furnace cooling circuit fouling detection device of the present invention.
.
;
~1'7~08~L
Detailed Description With respect to the drawing, therein shown is the fouling detection device of the present invention. Rachet handle 1 con-nected to clamp means 5 through linkage members 2, 3, and 4, serves to provide a convenient means of attaching the device to the dis-charge end of the desired blast furnace cooling circuit line.
Hose member 6 is provided with another clamp 19 to aid in securing the device to the cooling circuit line. Adaptors 7, 8 connect hose 6 to "Y" pipe 9. The downstream end of "Y" pipe 9 is threadably engaged to piping 10, which, in turn, is secured to manually operable on-off socket valve member 11. At the downstream end of valve 11, adaptor 20 and hose member 21 are serially con-nected.
At one Juncture of "Y" pipe 9 is provided pipe 22, threadably secured to member 9. Pipe 22 is secured in fluid tight relation with one Juncture of "Y" pipe 25. The upstream end of "Y"
pipe 25 is connected to reducer bushings 14, 15 through female adaptor 26. The upstream end of bushing 15 is, in turn, connected to compression fittings 16, 17. Extending within the flow passage from atop fitting 17, is thermocouple member 18. This member is designed to measure the temperature of the cooling fluid as it flows through the device. We have found that a "K" type thermocouple best serves the intended function of the device, al~hough it is noted that other equivalent temperature sensing means may suitably be employed.
11~7~08~
For convenience of the user, the thermocouple may be con-nected to any one of a number of digital readout devices (not shown). One such LED readout device is manufactured by Omega Engi-neering, Stamford, Connecticut.
.j , Threadably engaged to the downstream end of "Y" pipe 25 is pipe member 24, which, in turn, is connected to male adaptor 13.
.
Flow meter 12 is secured to the downstream edge of adaptor 13. Preferably, the flow meter 12 is of the type, known in the art, which operates by a mechanical differential pressure method. In this method, differential pressure, produced by fluid flow through a calibrated flow nozzle, is sensed by an arrangement of opposed bel-lows. Displacement of the bellows is transferred by a low-friction cam and lever to a rotary geared movement to indicate flow rate directly on the dial shown in the drawing. Operation of the depic-ted flow meter 12 is completely mechanical, with no electrical con-nections being required for operation. One such flow meter, pres-ently preferred, is made by RCM Industries of Orinda, California.
It is, of course, to be noted that those skilled in the art will be capable of utilizing other types Or flow meters in conjunction with the inventive ideas herein disclosed and claimed. All such equivalent flow measuring devices are deemed to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
A first flow passage is defined by members 6, 9, 22, 25, 24, 13, 12, and 23. During passage through this first flow passage, temperature and flow rate of the cooling fluid may be measured.
When, valve 11 is in the "open" position, fluid flow is diverted from the first flow passage and instead is caused to flow through a second flow passage, defined by members 9, 20, and 21. This "di-~1~7~
verting" structure has proven quite helpful, especially when the device is first connected to the discharge end of the desired cool-ing line circuit. In this way, back-pressure problems which may cause spraying of the cooling fluid on the user and/or flow meter 5 and thermocouple damage are minimized.
It thus becomes apparent that the device is used to detect fouled or plugged cooling circuits of the blast furnace cooling sys-tem. In this respect, data generated from the device is recorded along with the temperature of the influent cooling fluid. Heat flux 10 for a particular circuit or for all circuits may then be calculated according to:
Q = MCp ~t wherein Q = heat flux, btu's per hour; M = mass water flow, lbs per r hour at discharge; Cp = specific heat of fluid, btu's per lb. per 15 F (Note: water is approximately 1 btu per lb per F); ~ t = tempera-ture difference between influent and discharge in F.
i Predetermined optimal or normal values may be determined by recording the above parameters for a given circuit or circuits over a given period of time, or predetermined optimal values may be determined by averaging heat flux figures for all circuits, with heat flux values for particular circuits falling below this value being possibly indicative of abnormal circuit pluggage, etc.
As is now apparent, a decrease in flow, temperature or heat flux, from the predetermined value, could indicate such prob-c .
lems as pluggage or fouling. An increase in these parameters mayindicate reduced pluggage or scale removal. This method ~ay be thus used as a means of gauging the efficacy of certain chemical addi-tives which are added to the system for the purpose of minimizing deposition and fouling.
Although use of the above device and method are especially well suited for monitoring once-through cooling systems, they may also be adapted to monitor open recirculating systems where there is a discharge of cooling fluid into a reservoir or the like. The invention may also be used in connection with normally closed recir-culating systems, if some type of by-pass discharge plumbing is present.
The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of understanding only and no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom as modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
COOLING CIRCUITS IN A BLAST FURNACE OR THE LIKE
Background of The Invention . .
The present invention pertains to an apparatus and method for determining which, if any, cooling circuits in a blast furnace or similar device have become fouled or plugged.
The ultimate life and total performance of an iron making blast furnace are dependent on the ability of the furnace refractory to withstand the extreme operating conditions of high gas tempera-; 10 ture and abrasive charge materials. Unfortunately, furnace refrac-tories have a limited life. Aside from mechanical abrasive effects, degradation or solution rate of most refractories is dependent on the refractory temperature itself. Generally, as refractory tem-perature increases, so does the solution rate.
.
In order to decrease high temperature effects on the blast furnace refractory and to provide structural integrity, cooling water stack systems have been incorporated into most blast furnace ~ designs. It is typical for these furnaces to have a matrix of cop-per stack plates embedded in the refractory stack walls to supply , ;
11~78~8'~
the necessary cooling. Each individual cooling circui t normally has an upstream end and a downstream end and includes about 10 or less of these stack plates. Most blast furnace cooling circuits utilize once-through water systems and are diagonally or horizontally dis-posed about the furnace. Commonly, about 80 - 150 of such circuits are provided about the furnace. Water supply is usually off a corn-s mon header with each circuit having its own discharge into an open trough surrounding the furnace.
Various cooling system monitoring means have been designed to monitor varying operating parameters of the cooling circuits.
For instance, in U.S. Patent 3,652,070 (Sagara), there is disclosed an apparatus wherein a temperature sensing means extends within the refractory itself, and is associated with control means to regulate the passage of cooling fluid through the refractory medium to there-by control the adhesion of fused slag to the refractory.
In U.S. Patent 4,188,021 (Patuzzi, et al) entitled "Metal-lurgical Vessel Cooling and Safety System" an emergency drainage system is disclosed, the intent of which is to provide for the dump-ing of cooling fluid during an upset to prevent equipment and/or personal damages. Of similar import is U.S. Patent 4,133,373 (Slagley et al) which discloses a leak detecting apparatus for a blast fur-nace cooling system.
Althouth the above-noted cooling system monitoring means are known in the art, to our knowledge, no one has yet devised a portable, hand-held assembly that provides an easy and convenient means for ascertaining if certain circuits in the blast furnace have become clogged or fouled. As is well-known, clogging or fouling of these cooling circuits impedes the desired heat transfer function of the cooling system, leading to decreased refractory life. Moreover, although various chemical additives may be added to these systems, to minimize deposition and fouling of the cooling circuits, it is highly desirable to provide a means which is capable of gauging the efficacy of these chemical additives.
These and other objects are achieved by the apparatus and methods disclosed herein.
Summary of The Invention The present invention provides a convenient hand-held portable device which can be used to measure the flow rate and temperature on the open-ended discharge pipes of a blast furnace cooling circuit line or lines. By the use of the above two para-meters, in addition to measurement of the influent cooling fluid temperature, the heat flux for each cooling line may be calculated, with the data allowing the observer to render certain judgments regarding the cooling circuit performance of individual circuits or the entire furnace in general.
, A measured decrease in flow, temperature, or heat flux from a predetermined value will generally indicate a problem such as : circuit pluggage or fouling. An increase in these parameters, over the predetermined value, is generally indicative of reduced pluggage or scale removal. It is thus apparent that this data is useful in monitoring the efficacy of any chemical additives that may have been - 25 admitted to the cooling system for the purpose of controlling ' deposits.
il~78~84 Briefly, the apparatus comprises a first conduit that de-fines a first flow passage for the cooling liquid when the device is connected to the discharge end of a particular cooling circuit.
A thermocouple or the like is disposed in this first flow passage to measure the temperature of the cooling fluid flowing therethrough.
This thermocouple, or similar temperature sensing device, may be associated with a digital LED readout display so that the user may immediately read and record the discharge temperature of the parti-cular cooling circuit line.
A flow meter is also operatively connected to the first flow passage to measure the cooling fluid flow at the discharge end of the cooling circuit. Preferably, a by-pass conduit means is also part of the integral, hand portable equipment, so that, when the device is initially connected to the cooling circuit, back pres-sure may be relieved thereby. Also, use of the by-pass conduit means at initial hook-up time prevents damage to the temperature sensing device and flow meter that may otherwise occur.
Drawing The invention shall now be illustrated in further detail in the following detailed description and the appended drawing in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic drawing illustrating the preferred embodiment of the blast furnace cooling circuit fouling detection device of the present invention.
.
;
~1'7~08~L
Detailed Description With respect to the drawing, therein shown is the fouling detection device of the present invention. Rachet handle 1 con-nected to clamp means 5 through linkage members 2, 3, and 4, serves to provide a convenient means of attaching the device to the dis-charge end of the desired blast furnace cooling circuit line.
Hose member 6 is provided with another clamp 19 to aid in securing the device to the cooling circuit line. Adaptors 7, 8 connect hose 6 to "Y" pipe 9. The downstream end of "Y" pipe 9 is threadably engaged to piping 10, which, in turn, is secured to manually operable on-off socket valve member 11. At the downstream end of valve 11, adaptor 20 and hose member 21 are serially con-nected.
At one Juncture of "Y" pipe 9 is provided pipe 22, threadably secured to member 9. Pipe 22 is secured in fluid tight relation with one Juncture of "Y" pipe 25. The upstream end of "Y"
pipe 25 is connected to reducer bushings 14, 15 through female adaptor 26. The upstream end of bushing 15 is, in turn, connected to compression fittings 16, 17. Extending within the flow passage from atop fitting 17, is thermocouple member 18. This member is designed to measure the temperature of the cooling fluid as it flows through the device. We have found that a "K" type thermocouple best serves the intended function of the device, al~hough it is noted that other equivalent temperature sensing means may suitably be employed.
11~7~08~
For convenience of the user, the thermocouple may be con-nected to any one of a number of digital readout devices (not shown). One such LED readout device is manufactured by Omega Engi-neering, Stamford, Connecticut.
.j , Threadably engaged to the downstream end of "Y" pipe 25 is pipe member 24, which, in turn, is connected to male adaptor 13.
.
Flow meter 12 is secured to the downstream edge of adaptor 13. Preferably, the flow meter 12 is of the type, known in the art, which operates by a mechanical differential pressure method. In this method, differential pressure, produced by fluid flow through a calibrated flow nozzle, is sensed by an arrangement of opposed bel-lows. Displacement of the bellows is transferred by a low-friction cam and lever to a rotary geared movement to indicate flow rate directly on the dial shown in the drawing. Operation of the depic-ted flow meter 12 is completely mechanical, with no electrical con-nections being required for operation. One such flow meter, pres-ently preferred, is made by RCM Industries of Orinda, California.
It is, of course, to be noted that those skilled in the art will be capable of utilizing other types Or flow meters in conjunction with the inventive ideas herein disclosed and claimed. All such equivalent flow measuring devices are deemed to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
A first flow passage is defined by members 6, 9, 22, 25, 24, 13, 12, and 23. During passage through this first flow passage, temperature and flow rate of the cooling fluid may be measured.
When, valve 11 is in the "open" position, fluid flow is diverted from the first flow passage and instead is caused to flow through a second flow passage, defined by members 9, 20, and 21. This "di-~1~7~
verting" structure has proven quite helpful, especially when the device is first connected to the discharge end of the desired cool-ing line circuit. In this way, back-pressure problems which may cause spraying of the cooling fluid on the user and/or flow meter 5 and thermocouple damage are minimized.
It thus becomes apparent that the device is used to detect fouled or plugged cooling circuits of the blast furnace cooling sys-tem. In this respect, data generated from the device is recorded along with the temperature of the influent cooling fluid. Heat flux 10 for a particular circuit or for all circuits may then be calculated according to:
Q = MCp ~t wherein Q = heat flux, btu's per hour; M = mass water flow, lbs per r hour at discharge; Cp = specific heat of fluid, btu's per lb. per 15 F (Note: water is approximately 1 btu per lb per F); ~ t = tempera-ture difference between influent and discharge in F.
i Predetermined optimal or normal values may be determined by recording the above parameters for a given circuit or circuits over a given period of time, or predetermined optimal values may be determined by averaging heat flux figures for all circuits, with heat flux values for particular circuits falling below this value being possibly indicative of abnormal circuit pluggage, etc.
As is now apparent, a decrease in flow, temperature or heat flux, from the predetermined value, could indicate such prob-c .
lems as pluggage or fouling. An increase in these parameters mayindicate reduced pluggage or scale removal. This method ~ay be thus used as a means of gauging the efficacy of certain chemical addi-tives which are added to the system for the purpose of minimizing deposition and fouling.
Although use of the above device and method are especially well suited for monitoring once-through cooling systems, they may also be adapted to monitor open recirculating systems where there is a discharge of cooling fluid into a reservoir or the like. The invention may also be used in connection with normally closed recir-culating systems, if some type of by-pass discharge plumbing is present.
The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of understanding only and no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom as modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
- Claim 1. Apparatus for measuring fouling characteristics of a cooling circuit line of a blast furnace or the like comprising:
a) First conduit means defining a first flow passage adapted to permit cooling fluid flow therethrough;
b) Temperature sensing means connected to said first flow passage (a) for measuring the temperature of said cooling fluid;
c) Fluid flow sensing means connected to said first flow passage for measuring the flow rate of said cooling fluid; and d) Coupling means for connecting said first conduit means (a) to said cooling circuit line. - Claim 2. Apparatus as defined in Claim 1 further com-prising by-pass conduit means (e) connected to said first conduit means (a) and defining a second flow passage, said by-pass conduit means (e) diverting fluid flow from said first flow passage into said second flow passage.
- Claim 3. Apparatus as defined in Claim 2 wherein said by-pass conduit means (e) comprises a manually operable on-off socket ball valve.
- Claim 4. Apparatus as defined in Claim 1 wherein said coupling means (d) comprises a ratchet actuated clamp means.
- Claim 5. Apparatus as defined in Claim 1 wherein said temperature sensing means (b) comprises a thermocouple.
- Claim 6. Method for determining the fouling characteris-tics of a cooling circuit of a blast furnace or the like, said cool-ing circuit being of the type having a cooling fluid influent end and a discharge end, said method comprising the steps of:
a) Measuring the temperature of said cooling fluid at said influent end;
b) Measuring the temperature of said cooling fluid at said discharge end;
c) Measuring the flow rate of said cooling fluid at said discharge end;
d) Calculating the heat flux for said circuit in accor-dance with the formula:
Q = MCp .DELTA.t wherein Q = heat flux, btu's per hour; M = mass water flow, lbs per hour at discharge; Cp = specific heat of fluid, btu's per lb. per °F; .DELTA.t = temperature difference between influent and discharge in °F; and e) Comparing said heat flux value derived from said cal-culating step (d) to a predetermined value. - Claim 7. Method as defined in Claim 6 wherein said steps (b) and (c) include connecting the apparatus of Claim 1 to said cooling circuit discharge end.
- Claim 8. Method for determining the fouling characteris-tics of individual cooling circuits of a blast furnace or the like having a plurality of said cooling circuits, wherein each said cool-ing circuit comprises a cooling fluid influent end and a discharge end, said method comprising the steps of:
a) Measuring the temperature of said cooling fluid at each said influent end;
b) Measuring the temperature of said cooling fluid at each said discharge end;
c) Measuring the flow rate of said cooling fluid at each of said discharge ends;
d) Calculating the heat flux for each of said cooling circuits in accordance with the formula:
Q = MCp .DELTA.t wherein Q = heat flux, btu's per hour; M = mass water flow, lbs per hour at discharge; Cp = specific heat of fluid, btu's per lb. per °F; .DELTA.t = temperature difference between influent and discharge in °F; and e) Comparing each said heat flux value derived from said calculation step (d) to a predetermined value derived for each of said cooling circuits. - Claim 9. Method as defined in Claim 8 wherein said steps (b) and (c) include connecting the apparatus of Claim 1 to each said cooling circuit discharge end for which measurement is desired.
PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US30166281A | 1981-09-14 | 1981-09-14 | |
| US301,662 | 1981-09-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1178084A true CA1178084A (en) | 1984-11-20 |
Family
ID=23164319
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000406521A Expired CA1178084A (en) | 1981-09-14 | 1982-07-02 | Apparatus and method for detecting fouled cooling circuits in a blast furnace or the like |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0075420A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1178084A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017182188A1 (en) | 2016-04-22 | 2017-10-26 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Ferritic alloy |
| CN107858467B (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2020-02-14 | 中冶赛迪上海工程技术有限公司 | Blast furnace cooling water leakage detection method and system |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR932508A (en) * | 1946-08-21 | 1948-03-24 | Method and device for controlling cooling circuits by circulating water, in particular for hot wind nozzles | |
| JPS505125B1 (en) * | 1968-10-22 | 1975-02-28 | ||
| US4133373A (en) * | 1977-08-12 | 1979-01-09 | Inland Steel Company | Leak detecting apparatus |
| US4188021A (en) * | 1978-04-14 | 1980-02-12 | Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft | Metallurgical vessel cooling and safety system |
-
1982
- 1982-07-02 CA CA000406521A patent/CA1178084A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-10 EP EP82304764A patent/EP0075420A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0075420A1 (en) | 1983-03-30 |
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