CA1178053A - Method of and device for the discontinuous charging of molten metal into a vacuum chamber which is continuously held under vacuum - Google Patents
Method of and device for the discontinuous charging of molten metal into a vacuum chamber which is continuously held under vacuumInfo
- Publication number
- CA1178053A CA1178053A CA000384927A CA384927A CA1178053A CA 1178053 A CA1178053 A CA 1178053A CA 000384927 A CA000384927 A CA 000384927A CA 384927 A CA384927 A CA 384927A CA 1178053 A CA1178053 A CA 1178053A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tundish
- transfer pipe
- vacuum chamber
- vacuum
- inlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A device for the discontinuous charging of molten metal into a vacuum chamber which is continuously held under vacuum. The device comprises a charging vessel or tundish on which is disposed a fixed transfer pipe so positioned that the tundish can be rotated about the axis of the pipe to such an extent that the pipe's input orifice is lifted above the surface of the metal flow in the tundish, whilst at the same time the pipe is withdrawn from the vacuum chamber, the latter being sealed with a plate valve. By this invention, the charge hole of the vacuum furnace may be sealed, while it is under vacuum, thereby enabling metal to be added discontinuously.
A device for the discontinuous charging of molten metal into a vacuum chamber which is continuously held under vacuum. The device comprises a charging vessel or tundish on which is disposed a fixed transfer pipe so positioned that the tundish can be rotated about the axis of the pipe to such an extent that the pipe's input orifice is lifted above the surface of the metal flow in the tundish, whilst at the same time the pipe is withdrawn from the vacuum chamber, the latter being sealed with a plate valve. By this invention, the charge hole of the vacuum furnace may be sealed, while it is under vacuum, thereby enabling metal to be added discontinuously.
Description
1 178~3 This invention relates to the treatment of molten metal in the aluminium industry, with particular reference to the transferring of molten pot metal to furnaces or chambers from which the air has been evacuated. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for performing this operation.
The electrolytic reduction of alumina to aluminium takes place in large electrolytic reduction cells, or pots, at a temperature of about 970 C, and with production per 24 hours of around 1 tonne. A pot-room contains between 100 and 180 such pots. The chemical composition varies somewhat from one pot to another, and for this reason the metal taken from several pots is mi~ed in order to arrive at the composition required for the finished product.
The metsl is tapped from the pots by a tube which is immersed into the metal, the other end of which tube is fi~ed into the top of a tapping crucible. For tapping, the air is evacuated from this crucible and the metal is sucked up. The metal is then conveyed, in the tapping crucible, to a mi~er furnace.
It has been usual practice to use one mixer to serve two casting furnaces. In the casting furnace, the metal can be cleaned in various ways before pouring. The furnace can be subjected to vacuum in order to allow gas to escape whilst the metal stands undisturbed for the required period. The vacuum treatment can be made more efficient by allowing the metal to be sucked into the furnace. The metal entering the furnace in the form of a jet e~poses a large and ever-changing surface of the metal. The diameter of the jet is small, favouring a rapid liberation of gases. The vacuum treatment can also be enhanced by introducinæ inert gases into the metal whilst the furnace is under vacuum. The vacuum treatment of metal through its being sucked into a vacuum furnace is very efficent, but has hitherto required that the metal be added continuously from a mixer. It has not been possible in practice to seal the charge hole when the furnace is in use and under vacuum.
The present invention makes it possible to seal the char~e hole of a vacuum furnace whilst it is under vacuum, and thereby to add metal discontinuously.
The basic principle of the invention is that the metal is transferred to the vacuum furnace via a rotatable charging vessel, or tundish, which has a transfer pipe near the bottom, this tundish also beinæ movable in the ~ 1780:)3 direction of the transfer pipe~s s~is in such a manner that, durin~ metal transfer, the e~it orifice of the pipe is inside the vacuum furnace, whilst, in the closed condition, the pipe is withdrawn from the vacuum furnace. The vacuum furnace is then sealed by means of a flap, or plate, whilst the entrance orifice of the transfer pipe is above the surface of the metal in the tundish, because the latter has been rotated downwards about the a~is of the transfer pipe.
The invention will now be described further by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawin~s, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a partial section illustratin~ a conventional apparatus for transferrin~ molten metal from a mi~er to a vacuum furnace;
FIG. 2 is a partial section of an apparatus accordin~ to the present invention, showin~ a char~in~ vessel or tundish fitted onto a furnace and in a closed position;
FIG. 2a is a section taken alon~ line IIa-IIa in FIG. 2;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2, but with the apparatus shown in the open position; and FIG. 3a is a section taken along line IIIa-IIIa in FIG. 3.
Fi~. 1 illustrates a conventional vacuum furnace 1 and a mixer 16. The mixer has been raised to a high position, and tilted in order to transfer metal to the launder, or trou~h, 17. A charge hole 18 in the vacuum furnace is sealed aeainst metal entry by plu~ 11. Plu~ 11 remains in position whilst furnace 1 is evacuated before metal transfer starts. Once metal has started to flow into the furnace, it has proved impossible in practice to close the furnace a~ain with a vacuum-tight seal.
Fi~s. 2 and 2a illustrate apparatus accordin~ to the invention, includin~
vacuum furnace 1. Bolted onto a flan~e 2 there is a flan~e 3 which forms part of a couplin~ between the vacuum furnace 1 and the tundish 10. Between the outer flange 3 and the inner flan~e 4 there is a slidin~ plate 5 which can form a vacuum-ti~ht seal a~ainst the opening to the vacuum furnace 1.
To the inner flange 4, there is welded a tubular connecting piece 6 into which extends a transfer pipe 7, also called nozzle guide, with a refractory linin~ 8 which also is often called a nozzle because it helps to from a metal jet into the vacuum furnace. The transfer pipe 7 is welded onto a flange 9 of the tundish 10.
I 1 78~33 The tundish lO can be rotated about the aIis of the transfer pipe, and can also be moved aIialIy thereof, so that pipe 7 can be fully withdrawn from the vacuum furnace 1 and past the slinding plate 5, as shown in Fie. 2. In Fig. 3 the transfer pipe 7 has been inserted into the vacuum furnace 1.
When the tundish lO is rotated about the pipe 7, the surface of the metal can be lowered to a level such that it lies below the transfer pipe 7, thus preventing the conveyance of further metal. Reference numberal 13 shows a metal height when transfer can take place. Plug ll in Fig. 2 is used in the same manner as in Fig. l, except before metal transfer starts. In Figs. 3 and 3a, the tundish is in correct position for metal transfer. The surface of the metal must lie between positions 14 and 15.
FiB. l, as previously mentioned, illustrates the conventional method of transferring molten aluminium from a mi~er furnace 16 to a vacuum furnace l.
Plug ll seals the charge hole. (It is usual practice to apply some sealing agent to the plug 11, as the plug alone does not provide a good enough seal. This is a simple matter because at that stage, there is no metal in the launder). The vacuum furnace l is evacuated, the metal is poured into the transfer launder 17, and when the metal has reached the heigh~ shown in Fig. l, plug ll is removed.
When the required quantity of metal has been transferred, the vacuum has to be opened to the atmosphere. As already mentioned, a sealing device such as the plug ll is not good enough alone to provide a vacuum-tight seal against the atmosphere after charging/transfer. This method has therefore a number of weaknesses. It requires a continuous flow of metal for rational operation.
In other words, a mixer furnace is necessary. The method is therefore not suitable for automation/rationalization, with respect to discontinuous charging (for elample charging from crucibles). The result is dependent upon the skill of the operator, with particular reference to sealing the charge hole. There is no possibility of continuous vacuum treatment after metal transfer and the process is laborious. When metal transfer is to be effected in accordance with the invention, the process is started, as shown in Fig. 2a, with the tundish 10 swung down to its lower position.
Chargin~
To start the charging procedure, plate 5 is slid into its open position (Fig. 3). Nozzle 8 and its housing, transfer pipe 7, and the tundish lO are _ ~ _ 1 178~53 moved a~ially towards the vacuum furnace 1, so that the exit orifice of the nozzle enters the vacuum chamber 1 in position ready for deliverin~ metal (Fi~. 3). Hetal is poured into the tundish 10 up to a level between levels 12 and 13 of Fi~. 2a. The tundish 10 is then swung up (see Fi~. 3a).
Simultaoeous with the ,emoval of the plu~ 11, more molten metal is poured into the tundish. Char~ine is in pro~ress, and the emptyin~ of the molten metal in the tundish 10 is so arran~ed that the metal level is kept between levels 14 and 15.
Stop~in~ charein~
At the lowest possible metal level 14 in the tundish 10, the plug 11 is put back into the input orifice of the transfer pipe 8. The tundish 10 is then swung down to brin~ the metal surface 12 below its input orifice.
Nozzle 8, the transfer pipe 7 and the tundish 10 are withdrawn, brin~in~ the e~it orifice of the transfer pipe behind the slidin~ plate 5. Plate 5 is returned to the closed position, providin~ an efficient seal between the vacuum furance and the atmosphere.
All of these movements are performed hydraulically or pneumatically, and may be controlled automatically by, for example, sequence control.
This invention permits the rational char~in~ of a vacuum furnace direct from tappin~ crucibles without losin~ the vacuum in the furnace between each char~e, thus obviatin~ the need for a mixer furnace. It provides an efficient seal a~ainst the atmosphere as the invention, to a lar~e extent, does not reguire a ~ood seal between the plu~ and the input orifice. Vacuum treatment of the metal can continue unbroken followin~ the char~in~ of the vacuum furnace and the entire char~ing process can be automated.
The invention has been described in the conte~t of transferrin~ molten aluminium to a vacuum furnace, but it will be understood that is equally applicable to the transferrin~ of any molten metal to a vacuum chamber.
8104-l _ 5
The electrolytic reduction of alumina to aluminium takes place in large electrolytic reduction cells, or pots, at a temperature of about 970 C, and with production per 24 hours of around 1 tonne. A pot-room contains between 100 and 180 such pots. The chemical composition varies somewhat from one pot to another, and for this reason the metal taken from several pots is mi~ed in order to arrive at the composition required for the finished product.
The metsl is tapped from the pots by a tube which is immersed into the metal, the other end of which tube is fi~ed into the top of a tapping crucible. For tapping, the air is evacuated from this crucible and the metal is sucked up. The metal is then conveyed, in the tapping crucible, to a mi~er furnace.
It has been usual practice to use one mixer to serve two casting furnaces. In the casting furnace, the metal can be cleaned in various ways before pouring. The furnace can be subjected to vacuum in order to allow gas to escape whilst the metal stands undisturbed for the required period. The vacuum treatment can be made more efficient by allowing the metal to be sucked into the furnace. The metal entering the furnace in the form of a jet e~poses a large and ever-changing surface of the metal. The diameter of the jet is small, favouring a rapid liberation of gases. The vacuum treatment can also be enhanced by introducinæ inert gases into the metal whilst the furnace is under vacuum. The vacuum treatment of metal through its being sucked into a vacuum furnace is very efficent, but has hitherto required that the metal be added continuously from a mixer. It has not been possible in practice to seal the charge hole when the furnace is in use and under vacuum.
The present invention makes it possible to seal the char~e hole of a vacuum furnace whilst it is under vacuum, and thereby to add metal discontinuously.
The basic principle of the invention is that the metal is transferred to the vacuum furnace via a rotatable charging vessel, or tundish, which has a transfer pipe near the bottom, this tundish also beinæ movable in the ~ 1780:)3 direction of the transfer pipe~s s~is in such a manner that, durin~ metal transfer, the e~it orifice of the pipe is inside the vacuum furnace, whilst, in the closed condition, the pipe is withdrawn from the vacuum furnace. The vacuum furnace is then sealed by means of a flap, or plate, whilst the entrance orifice of the transfer pipe is above the surface of the metal in the tundish, because the latter has been rotated downwards about the a~is of the transfer pipe.
The invention will now be described further by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawin~s, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a partial section illustratin~ a conventional apparatus for transferrin~ molten metal from a mi~er to a vacuum furnace;
FIG. 2 is a partial section of an apparatus accordin~ to the present invention, showin~ a char~in~ vessel or tundish fitted onto a furnace and in a closed position;
FIG. 2a is a section taken alon~ line IIa-IIa in FIG. 2;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2, but with the apparatus shown in the open position; and FIG. 3a is a section taken along line IIIa-IIIa in FIG. 3.
Fi~. 1 illustrates a conventional vacuum furnace 1 and a mixer 16. The mixer has been raised to a high position, and tilted in order to transfer metal to the launder, or trou~h, 17. A charge hole 18 in the vacuum furnace is sealed aeainst metal entry by plu~ 11. Plu~ 11 remains in position whilst furnace 1 is evacuated before metal transfer starts. Once metal has started to flow into the furnace, it has proved impossible in practice to close the furnace a~ain with a vacuum-tight seal.
Fi~s. 2 and 2a illustrate apparatus accordin~ to the invention, includin~
vacuum furnace 1. Bolted onto a flan~e 2 there is a flan~e 3 which forms part of a couplin~ between the vacuum furnace 1 and the tundish 10. Between the outer flange 3 and the inner flan~e 4 there is a slidin~ plate 5 which can form a vacuum-ti~ht seal a~ainst the opening to the vacuum furnace 1.
To the inner flange 4, there is welded a tubular connecting piece 6 into which extends a transfer pipe 7, also called nozzle guide, with a refractory linin~ 8 which also is often called a nozzle because it helps to from a metal jet into the vacuum furnace. The transfer pipe 7 is welded onto a flange 9 of the tundish 10.
I 1 78~33 The tundish lO can be rotated about the aIis of the transfer pipe, and can also be moved aIialIy thereof, so that pipe 7 can be fully withdrawn from the vacuum furnace 1 and past the slinding plate 5, as shown in Fie. 2. In Fig. 3 the transfer pipe 7 has been inserted into the vacuum furnace 1.
When the tundish lO is rotated about the pipe 7, the surface of the metal can be lowered to a level such that it lies below the transfer pipe 7, thus preventing the conveyance of further metal. Reference numberal 13 shows a metal height when transfer can take place. Plug ll in Fig. 2 is used in the same manner as in Fig. l, except before metal transfer starts. In Figs. 3 and 3a, the tundish is in correct position for metal transfer. The surface of the metal must lie between positions 14 and 15.
FiB. l, as previously mentioned, illustrates the conventional method of transferring molten aluminium from a mi~er furnace 16 to a vacuum furnace l.
Plug ll seals the charge hole. (It is usual practice to apply some sealing agent to the plug 11, as the plug alone does not provide a good enough seal. This is a simple matter because at that stage, there is no metal in the launder). The vacuum furnace l is evacuated, the metal is poured into the transfer launder 17, and when the metal has reached the heigh~ shown in Fig. l, plug ll is removed.
When the required quantity of metal has been transferred, the vacuum has to be opened to the atmosphere. As already mentioned, a sealing device such as the plug ll is not good enough alone to provide a vacuum-tight seal against the atmosphere after charging/transfer. This method has therefore a number of weaknesses. It requires a continuous flow of metal for rational operation.
In other words, a mixer furnace is necessary. The method is therefore not suitable for automation/rationalization, with respect to discontinuous charging (for elample charging from crucibles). The result is dependent upon the skill of the operator, with particular reference to sealing the charge hole. There is no possibility of continuous vacuum treatment after metal transfer and the process is laborious. When metal transfer is to be effected in accordance with the invention, the process is started, as shown in Fig. 2a, with the tundish 10 swung down to its lower position.
Chargin~
To start the charging procedure, plate 5 is slid into its open position (Fig. 3). Nozzle 8 and its housing, transfer pipe 7, and the tundish lO are _ ~ _ 1 178~53 moved a~ially towards the vacuum furnace 1, so that the exit orifice of the nozzle enters the vacuum chamber 1 in position ready for deliverin~ metal (Fi~. 3). Hetal is poured into the tundish 10 up to a level between levels 12 and 13 of Fi~. 2a. The tundish 10 is then swung up (see Fi~. 3a).
Simultaoeous with the ,emoval of the plu~ 11, more molten metal is poured into the tundish. Char~ine is in pro~ress, and the emptyin~ of the molten metal in the tundish 10 is so arran~ed that the metal level is kept between levels 14 and 15.
Stop~in~ charein~
At the lowest possible metal level 14 in the tundish 10, the plug 11 is put back into the input orifice of the transfer pipe 8. The tundish 10 is then swung down to brin~ the metal surface 12 below its input orifice.
Nozzle 8, the transfer pipe 7 and the tundish 10 are withdrawn, brin~in~ the e~it orifice of the transfer pipe behind the slidin~ plate 5. Plate 5 is returned to the closed position, providin~ an efficient seal between the vacuum furance and the atmosphere.
All of these movements are performed hydraulically or pneumatically, and may be controlled automatically by, for example, sequence control.
This invention permits the rational char~in~ of a vacuum furnace direct from tappin~ crucibles without losin~ the vacuum in the furnace between each char~e, thus obviatin~ the need for a mixer furnace. It provides an efficient seal a~ainst the atmosphere as the invention, to a lar~e extent, does not reguire a ~ood seal between the plu~ and the input orifice. Vacuum treatment of the metal can continue unbroken followin~ the char~in~ of the vacuum furnace and the entire char~ing process can be automated.
The invention has been described in the conte~t of transferrin~ molten aluminium to a vacuum furnace, but it will be understood that is equally applicable to the transferrin~ of any molten metal to a vacuum chamber.
8104-l _ 5
Claims (6)
PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An apparatus for transferring molten metal into a vacuum chamber, said apparatus comprising:
a valve adapted to be mounted on the vacuum chamber for movement between a closed position blocking an inlet to the vacuum chamber and an opened position unblocking the inlet;
a tundish adapted to receive molten metal;
a transfer pipe fixed to a bottom portion of said tundish, said transfer pipe having an input orifice opening into the interior of said tundish and an exit orifice; and guide means, adapted to be fixed to the vacuum chamber, for mounting said transfer pipe and said tundish to permit rotational movement of said transfer pipe and said tundish about the axis of said transfer pipe, such that said input orifice may be moved between positions above and below the surface of the molten metal in said tundish, and to permit axial movement of said transfer pipe and said tundish between a molten metal delivery position, whereat said exit orifice extends through said valve, when in said opened position thereof, and into the vacuum chamber, and a position whereat said exit orifice is withdrawn to the exterior of said valve.
a valve adapted to be mounted on the vacuum chamber for movement between a closed position blocking an inlet to the vacuum chamber and an opened position unblocking the inlet;
a tundish adapted to receive molten metal;
a transfer pipe fixed to a bottom portion of said tundish, said transfer pipe having an input orifice opening into the interior of said tundish and an exit orifice; and guide means, adapted to be fixed to the vacuum chamber, for mounting said transfer pipe and said tundish to permit rotational movement of said transfer pipe and said tundish about the axis of said transfer pipe, such that said input orifice may be moved between positions above and below the surface of the molten metal in said tundish, and to permit axial movement of said transfer pipe and said tundish between a molten metal delivery position, whereat said exit orifice extends through said valve, when in said opened position thereof, and into the vacuum chamber, and a position whereat said exit orifice is withdrawn to the exterior of said valve.
2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said valve comprises a plate member having therethrough an opening adapted to be aligned with the vacuum chamber inlet when said valve is in said opened position thereof.
3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising plug means insertable into said tundish for selectively blocking said input orifice.
4. A method of transferring molten metal from a tundish into a vacuum chamber, which comprises providing a valve upon said vacuum chamber for movement between a closed position blocking an inlet to said vacuum chamber and sealing said chamber against atmospheric pressure and an open position unblocking said inlet;
providing a transfer pipe secured to said tundish and having an input orifice opening into the interior of said tundish and an exit orifice;
placing said valve in its open position;
moving said transfer pipe axially towards said vacuum chamber inlet until the exit orifice of said pipe enters said vacuum chamber;
rotating said tundish about the longitudinal axis of said transfer pipe to bring the input orifice of said transfer pipe below the surface of said molten metal in said tundish to charge said vacuum furnace with molten metal through said transfer pipe;
when said charging is complete, rotating said tundish about said transfer pipe axis to bring said transfer pipe inlet above said molten metal surface, withdrawing said transfer pipe exit orifice from said vacuum furnace and moving said valve to its closed position;
whereby a vacuum is continuously maintained in said vacuum chamber whilst said metal is discontinuously charged to said chamber through said vacuum furnace inlet.
providing a transfer pipe secured to said tundish and having an input orifice opening into the interior of said tundish and an exit orifice;
placing said valve in its open position;
moving said transfer pipe axially towards said vacuum chamber inlet until the exit orifice of said pipe enters said vacuum chamber;
rotating said tundish about the longitudinal axis of said transfer pipe to bring the input orifice of said transfer pipe below the surface of said molten metal in said tundish to charge said vacuum furnace with molten metal through said transfer pipe;
when said charging is complete, rotating said tundish about said transfer pipe axis to bring said transfer pipe inlet above said molten metal surface, withdrawing said transfer pipe exit orifice from said vacuum furnace and moving said valve to its closed position;
whereby a vacuum is continuously maintained in said vacuum chamber whilst said metal is discontinuously charged to said chamber through said vacuum furnace inlet.
5. A method as claimed in claim 4, which further comprises providing a plug for said transfer pipe inlet orifice and moving said plug to unblock said input orifice before charging of said furnace and thereafter to block said input orifice when charging is complete.
6. A method as claimed in claim 4 or claim 5, wherein said valve is a sliding plate valve having a solid region and an opening therethrough, which is slid between its open position whereat said orifice aligns with said vacuum chamber inlet and its closed position whereat said inlet is blocked by the solid region of said plate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000384927A CA1178053A (en) | 1981-08-31 | 1981-08-31 | Method of and device for the discontinuous charging of molten metal into a vacuum chamber which is continuously held under vacuum |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000384927A CA1178053A (en) | 1981-08-31 | 1981-08-31 | Method of and device for the discontinuous charging of molten metal into a vacuum chamber which is continuously held under vacuum |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1178053A true CA1178053A (en) | 1984-11-20 |
Family
ID=4120842
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000384927A Expired CA1178053A (en) | 1981-08-31 | 1981-08-31 | Method of and device for the discontinuous charging of molten metal into a vacuum chamber which is continuously held under vacuum |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1178053A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-08-31 CA CA000384927A patent/CA1178053A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |