CA1177997A - Fluorosilicone-containing compositions for the treatment of fibers - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Fiber-treating compositions are described which durably provide water repellency and oil repellency for the treated fiber. These compositions comprise a siloxane component bearing fluorinated hydrocarbon radicals, unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals and silicon-hydride atoms, and a dehydrogenation condensation catalyst. Curing of the compositions occurs by a dehydrogenation condensation reaction between the silicon-hydride atoms and/or between the silicon-hydride atoms and the hydroxyl radical of an optionally added hydroxyl-endblocked organopolysiloxanes.

Description

The present invention relates to silicone compositions for the treatment of fibers. More precisely, it concerns polysiloxane compositions which can impart water repellency an~ oil repellency to fiber materials.
Conventionally, water repellency is imparted to ,iber materials using methylhydrogenpolysiloxane or dimethylpolysiloxane directly, or as an emulsion or solution in an organic solvent, a catalyst for curing and with subsequent heat treatment. In this case, the treated fiber materials actually demonstrate an effective water repellency, but their oil repellency is poor.
Therefore, a specific fiber treatment agent priMarily consisting of fluorinated hydrocarbons i5 generally used in order to impart oil repellency to the fiber materials. In this case, this treatment agent is very expensive and the treatment process is very difficult because of a limitation of solvents for dilution. In addition, the drawbac~ cannot be avoided tnat an undesirable feel is given to the treated fiber materials and in particular to fabrics for clothing.
In Kokai Japanese Patent No. Sho 50(1975)-140388, i.
was proposed that a partially hydrolyzed condensation product of diorganopolysiloxanes having perfluoroalkyl-alkoxysiloxane and alkyl-alkoxysiloxane units and having OH groups at both ends can be used for dirt protection on inorganic materials such as slate slabs and tiles. However, it is actually very difficult for such a resin-like coating agent to penetrate into the interior of fiber materials. In terms of chemical composition, such an agent is completely different from the compositions of this invention.

In Japanese Patent No. Sho 47~1972)-38$05, it was proposed that a filter cloth having excellent durability with respert to twistiny and excellent lubrication properties can be obtained by treating an inorganic fiber cloth with an organopolysiloxane containins trifluoromethyl-substltuted aromatic groups. In this case, the obtained cloth lacks washing resistance and hot water washing resistance because of the noncuring nat~re of the treatment agent.
In Japanese Patent No. Sho 42(1967)-2637, a method lD for imparting water repellency to the fibrous organic materials was proposed by the treatment of the fibrous materials with vapor of silanes containing perfluoroalkyl groups. According to this method, the control of the treatment process is very difficult and there is the drawback that retention and durability of the treatment effects are poor.
It is an object of this invention to provide compositions which durably impart both oil repellency and water repellency to fiber materials. This object, and others which will be obvious upon considering the following disclosure and appended claims, are obtained by the present invention wherein a curable organopolysiloxane composition comprising a linear organopolysiloxane comprising silicon-atom-bound fluorinated hydrocarbon radicals, silicon-atom-bound un~ubstituted hydrocarbon radicals and silicon-atom-bound hydrogen atoms is mixed with a dehydrogenation condensation catalyst and the resulting composition of this invention is applied to a fiber material.

The present invention relates to a composition for the treatment of Eibers, said composition being obtained bv mixing components comprisiny (A) a siloxane component comprising (a) a substantially linear organohydrogenpolysiloxane which has at least 5 mol percent of RQsio2/2 units and at least three silicon-atom-bound hydrogen atan per molecule, wherein R denotes an unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon radical haviny from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and Q denotes a fluorinated monovalent hydrocarbon radical or 1~ (b) a mixture comprising (b)(l) a substantially linear organopolysiloxane which consists of from 5 to 1~0 mol percent of RUsio2/2 units and from 0 to 35 mol percent of R'R"SiO2/2 units and which has a silicon-atom-bound hydroxyl radical at each terminus, wherein R and Q are as denoted above and R' and R" denote unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon radicals and (b)(2) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane which has at least three silicon-atom-bound hydrogen atoms per molecule wherein the organic radicals are unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon radicals and (B) a curing catalyst component for dehydrogenation condensation between silicon-atom-bound hydro~en atoms or between silicon-atom-bound hydro~en atoms and silicon-atom-bound hydroxyl radicals.
The compositions of this invention form a cured film having both oil repellency and water repellency on fibers by the formation of cross-links by dehydrogenation due to the catalytic action of component (B) with component (A).
Component (A) can be component (a) alone or a mixture of component (b)(l) and component (b)(2).
Component (a) is a component which imparts both oil repellency and water repellency. This component ~a) contains at least three silicon-atom-bound hydrogen atoms per mol~cule.
The cross-l.nks are formed by dehydrogenation condensation due to the catalytic ac~ion o~ component (~) and a cured film is for.ned on the fiber surface. The silicon-atom-bound hydr3gen atoms are present generally in the form of RHSiO2/2 units, such as (CH3)(H)Sio2/2 units, in the molecular chain and/or in the form Qf ER2SiO1~2 units, such as (~)(C~3)2Sil/2 units~ ~t the molecular chain terminals.
In the molecular chain, diorganosiloxane units having the formula R~R~Sio2/2r such as (CH3)2SiO2/2, can be present in addition to RQSiO2/2 units and RHSiO2/2 units; however, a satiq~actory oil repellency cannot be obtained unless at least of 5 mol percent of RQSio2/2 units is present in the molecule.
Examples of R radicals in component (a) include alkyl radicals, such as methyl, ethyl, and propyl; alkenyl radicals, such as vinyl and allyl; and phenyl radicals.
Examples of Q radicals in component (a) include CF3C~2C~2 - CF3CF2CH2C~2 ~ CF3CH2CH2CEI2 ~ CF3CF2CH2CH2CH
(CF3)2CHCH2- CF3(c6H4)cH2cH2/ CF3(C6H4) and CF3CF2CF2(~H4)CH2cH2-Examples of R' and R" radicals in component (a) include alkyl radicals, such as methyl, ethyl and octyl;
alkenyl radicals such as vinyl and allyl; aryl radicals, such as phenyl and tolyl; and arylalkyl radicals, such as benzyl and beta-phenylethyl. R' and R" can denote the same or different radicals.
In addition to HR2Siol/2 units component ~a) can De endblocked with other units such as R3SiOl/2 units, such as (CH3)3SiOl/2 units, (CH2=CH)(CH3)(C6Hs)SiOl/2 units and (CH3)2(c6H5)siOl/2 units; and R2~Siol/2 units, such as ~7799~
(C~3C~2C~2!(CH3),Si~l/2 units and (cF3c~2c~2)~CH3)(~2-cH)siol /2 units.
~ xamples of RQSiO2/2 units in the molecular chain of Cm?~ent (~) include (CF3CH2CH2)~CH3)sio2/2 units, (CF3c~2c~2)(c6H5~siO2/2 units, (~F3cH2cH2)(cH2=cH)sio2/2 units, (CF3~F2CH2CH2)(C~3)SiO2/2 units and (~3C~H~CH3)Sio2/2 units.
Examples of R'R"SiO2/2 units in component (a) include (C~3)2S102/2 units~ (CH3)~C6Hs)Sio2/2 units, (CH3)(CH2=CH)SiO2~2 units, (C6Hs)2SiO2/2 units, (C6H5)(C~2=C~)SiO2/2 units and (cH3)(~6H5cH2)sio2/2 units-Component (a) can be prepared by any of the well-known methcds for prepariny endblocked polydiorganosiloxanes. For example, a suitable mixture of hydrolyzable silanes, such as (CF3CH2CH2)(CH3)SiC12, (C~3)(~)SiC12 and (CH3)3SiC1 can be cohydrolyzed and equilibrated under the influence of silanol-condensing and siloxane-equilibrating catalyst. Alternatively, a suitable mixture of cyclosiloxanes and endblocked siloxanes, su~h as ~(CF3cH2c~2)(cH3)siO}3~ {(CH3)(H)SiO}4 and (CH3)3SiOSi(CH3)3 can be equilibrated under the influence of a siloxane-e~uilibrating catalyst.
By the expression that component (a) is substantially linear it is meant that it is completely linear, i.e.
consisting only of molecular chain silicon atoms linked by only 2 oxygen atoms and terminating silicon atoms linked by only one oxygen atom; or only slightly branched, i.e. further comprisin~ only trace amounts of silicon atoms linked by three or four oxygen atoms.

Component (a) is generally a liquid at room temperature and preferably has a viscosity of from 20 to 100,000 centistokes at 25C.
Component ~a) is generally used alone; however, it can be used as a mixture with a diorganopolysiloxane havlng silicon-atom-bound hydroxyl radicals at each terminus, i.e. a hydroxyl-endblocked pol~diorsanosiloxane. Examples of hydroxyl-endbloc!~ed polydiorganosiloxane include component (b)(l) delineated below and siloxar.es having the formula HO(~'R~siO)XH w~erein x is a positive integer and R' and R"
are as delineated above.
Component (b), which can be used alternatively to component (a), is a mixture comprisiny components (b)(l) and (b)(2). Lik~ component (a) component (b)'l) confers both oll repellency and water repellency to treated fibers. Component ~b)(2) is the crosslinking agent for component (b)(l), said crosslinks being formed between silicon-atom-bound hydrogen atoms and silicon-atom-bound hydroxyl radicals under the influence of component (B) to form a cured film on the fiber surface.
Component (b)(l) is a substantially linear organpolysiloxane, where the expression substantially linear is as defined above for component (a), and can range from a freely flowing liquid to a slowly flowing gum at room temperature.
As with component (a), component (b)(l) must have at least 5 l~ol percent of RQSio2/2 units in its molecular chain in order to provide a satisfactory oil repellency for a treated fi~er. All siloxane units in component (b)~l) can be RQSi2/2 units. Any siloxane units in component (b)(l) which are not R~SiO2/2 units are R~R~'sio2/2 units. Examples of R'R"SiO~/2 units and RUsio2/2 in component ~b)(l) are as noted above for component (a).
Component ~b)(l~ can be prepared by any of the weil-~nown methods for preparing hydroxyl-endblocked polydiorganosiloxanes. Typically a hydrolyzable silane; such as RQSiCl27 such as (CF3C~2CP~2)(C~3)~iC12, or a mixture of hydrolyzable silanes; such as RQSiC12 and R'R"SiC12, such as (CF3c~2cP-2)(~H3~sicl2 and ~CH3)2SiC12, is hydrolyzed in a solvent ~nd the hvdrolyzate condensed in the presence of a silanol-condensing catalyst.
Component ~b)(2) i9 a cross-linking agent for component (b)(1). Examples of this component are organohydrogenpolysiloxanes in which both terminals are capped with organic groups, such as (CH3)3s~O{(cH3)(~)sio}xsi(cH3)3 diorganosiloxane/organohydrogensiloxane copolymers in which both terminals are capped with organic groups, such as (C~3)3SiO~(CH3)2SiO}X{(C~3)(H)SiO}ySi(CH3)3, organohydrogenpolysiloxanes having silicon-atom-bound hydrogen atoms at both terminals, such as (H)(C~3)2Sio-{(CH3)(H)Si~}X{(CH3)2SiO}ySi(C~3)2H and organohydrogencyclic-polysiloxanes, such as {(CH3)(H)SiO}X. Examples of the organic groups in (b)(2) are generally methyl groups, phenyl groups and vinyl yroups. This component is generally in a liquid form at room temperature wherein x and ~ are positive integers. Organohydrogenpolysiloxanes are well known in the siiicone polymer art and need no furtner elaboration here as to composition and/or to methods of preparation.
The amount of component (b)(2) is preferably an arnount which is sufficient to give silicon-atom-bound hydrogen atoms in a molar proportion greater than the molar proportion of the silicon-atom-bound hydroxyl grou~s in component (b)(l).

il7~;g~7 ~ oloponent (B) is an indispensable component for cross-link formaticn among components (a) or among component (b)(l) and component (b)~2). Examples of this component include acid salts of heavy metals, such as tin, lead, zirconium, zinc, iron and man~anese. In particular, carboxylic acid salts, titanic acid esters and platinic acid salts are preferred.
Examples of these acid salts include dibutyltin diacetate, d-butyltin dilaurate, dioctyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dioctylate, tin octylate, tin dioctylate, diisooctylic acid mercaptoacetate, zinc octylate, zirconium naphthenate, manganese naphthenate, iron naphthenate, tetrabutyl orthotitanate and chloroplatinates.
Component (~) is generally used in an amount of 0.1 to 20 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of component (A).
An appropriate proportion can be selected according to the types and amounts of functional groups in component ~A) and he curing conditions. In particular, it can be appropriately selected according to the temperature that is used to cure ~0 component (A).
The c~mpositions of this invention for the treatment of fibers are easily produced simply by mixing component (a) and com~onent (B), or by mixing component ~b) consisting of components (b)(l) and (b)(2), and component ~B).
When fiber materials are treated with the compositions of this invention, the treatment is preferably carried out in a solution using an appropriate diluent such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, diethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetylacetone, tetrahydro~uran, dioxane, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, amyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, ~I77997 dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and methyl cellosolve acetate. In some cases, other solvents whlch are commonly used for or~anopolysiloxanes, such as toluene, xylene, isopropyl alcohol and hexane, can be mixed with the above-mentioned solvents in an appropriate amount.
In addition, water and an appropriate surfactant, for example, selected from among higher alcohol sulfates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, higher alcohol polyoxyalkylene adducts, Aigher fatty acid polyoxyalkylene adducts, alkylphenol polyoxyalkylene adducts and fatty acid ester polyoxyalkylene adducts, can be added to the compositions of this invention as a diluent and the obtained eMulsions applied to the fi~er materials.
The compositions of this invention, or their dilute solutions in an organic solvent or their emulsions are used for the treatment of fiber materials following common methods which are generally used as fiber treatment processes. For example, processes such as immersion, roller-coating or spraying are applicable. If desirable, the treatment is carried out with heating. As a result, durable water repellency and oil repellency can be imparted to the surface of fiber materials or within the interior layer of fi~er materials.
As additional effects, a mold-release property and pliability can be imparted to the fiber materials. The fiber materials specified in this invention may be natural fibers such as wool, silk, cotton, flax, asbestos, regenerated fibers such as rayon and acetate, synthetic fibers such as polyesters, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylics and ~779~
polyolefins, and other fibers, such as glass fibers. The compositions of this invention are applicable to these fiber materials in various forms such as fibers, ~ilaments, knitted materi=ls, woven abrics, and nonwoven fabrics. Preferably, it is most effective to carry out the treatment continuously on sheet fo~ls such as knitted fabrics and nonwoven fabri~s.
In particular, in the case of nonwoven fabrics, other binders such as styrene-butadiene rubber latex and nitrile rubber latex can be also added.
The present invention will be further explained in the following examples. "Parts" indicated in the examples aenotes "parts by weight". Me in the structural formula of organopolysiloxane indicates a methyl group.
Example 1 An organopolysiloxane expressed by the following structural ~ormula Me Me Me ~e Me - SiOtSiO)s tsiot40 Si - ~le Me H CX2 Me fH2 having a viscosity of 3,500 cSt at 25C (2 parts) was dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone (97.8 parts). Subsequently, dibutyltin dilaurate (0.2 parts) was added and dissolved uniformly in the solution to provide treatment solution A.
For a comparison, a dimethyl/methylhydro~enpolysiloxane having the same degree of polymerization as that of ~he polysiloxane of this invention shown in the above-mentioned structural formula was dissolved in toluene and a catlayst was added to provide a comparative treatment solution B.

Subsequently, a piece of Tetoron (polyethylene terephthalate) taffeta (plain woven fabric; 50 denier; lO x 10 cm) which had been scoured for desizing was immersed in the respectlve treat~er.t solutions. The immersed p~ece was dried by squeeziny using a mangle roller to such a desree that the amount of silicon adhered was 2 wt~.
Suosequently, cross-links were formed by the cehydroyenatlon condensation reaction by heatiny at 150C for 6 minutes. m:~e ~reated cloth was stretched at an angle of 45 and A9TM No. 2 oil and water were dropped on the cloth.
The cloth treated with the composition of this invention demonstrated excellent water repellency and oil repellency as shown in Table I.
Table I

Cloth treated Cloth treated with with treatment treatment solution A solution B
Fiuid (this invention~(compar~tive Example) Drops of ASTMhigh water instantaneous No. 2 oilrepellency absorption of oil no stains many stains ~rops of water high water high water repellency repellency 2xample 2 An organopolysiloxane having the following structural formula:
CH3 l CH=CH2 CH3 i HO - SiO- _ _ -SiO _ _ - SiO - - H

CH3 x CH3 Y CH2CH2CF3 j z where x:y:z (molar ratio) was 10:3:87, and which had a viscosity of 3,000,000 cSt (lO0 parts), and a methylhydrogenpolysiloxane of which both terminals were capped *Trademark ll 117~ 7 with trimethylsilyl groups and which had a viscosity of 30 cSt ~5 parts) were dissolved in methyl isobutyl ketone ~300 parts~ by stirring. Subsequently, dibutyltin diacetate (3 parts) was added to provide treatment soiution C. Two pieces of asbestos plate with a length of 100 mm, a width of 50 mm and a thickness of 3 mm were immersed in this treatment solution C for one minute. The pieces were lifted out of the treatmenr solution C and the solvent was evaporated.
Subsequently the pieces were placed in a hot air dryer at 150C for curing for 10 minutes. As a resu}t, a firm glossy protective film was formed on the surface of the asbestos plate. A commercial adhesive tape for wrapping was stretched over the treated plate and a load of 20 g/cm2 was applied to the tape. After leaving the sample at room temperature for 20 hours, the tape had not adhered on the surface of the plate at ~11 .
The othar piece of the treated plate was immersed in ASTM No. 1 oil for 5 weeks. Thereafter, the piece was cut and the cut surface was examined for blackeniny due to the permeation of oil. No evidence of permeation of oil was found.
Example 3 A piece of Tetoron taffeta as in Example 1 was treated with treatment solution C under the same conditions as in Example 1. The resulting oil repellency and water repellency were as excellent as those shown in Table I.
Example 4 A glass fiber fabric was treated with trea~ment solution A under the same conditions as in Example '. The resulting oil repellency and water repellency were excellent.

Claims (5)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A composition for the treatment of fibers, said composition being obtained by mixing components comprising (A) a siloxane component comprising (a) a substantially linear organohydrogenpolysiloxane which has at least 5 mol percent of RQSiO2/2 units and at least three silicon-atom-bound hydrogen atoms per molecule, wherein R denotes an unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and Q denotes a fluorinated monovalent hydrocarbon radical, or (b) a mixture comprising (b)(1) a substantially linear organopolysiloxane which consists of from 5 to 100 mol percent of RQSiO2/2 units and from 0 to 95 mol percent of R'R"SiO2/2 units and which has a silicon-atom-bound hydroxyl at each terminus, wherein R and Q are as denoted above and R' and R" denote unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and (b)(2) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane which has at least three silicon-atom-bound hydrogen atoms per molecule wherein the organic radicals are unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and (B) a curing catalyst component for dehydrogenation condensation between silicon-atom-bound hydrogen atoms or between silicon-atom-bound hydrogen atoms and silicon-atom-bound hydroxyl radicals.

2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein component (A) is an organohydrogenpolysiioxane having the formula (CH3)3SiO{(CH3)(H)SiO}x{(CH3)(CF3CH2CH2)SiO}ySi(CH3)3, and a viscosity of from 20 to 100,000 centistokes at 25°C, wherein x and y are positive integers.

3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein component (A) is a mixture of an organopolysiloxane having the formula HO{(CH3)2SiO}x {(CH3)(CH2=CH)SiO}y{(CF3CH2CH2)(CH3)SiO}zH, and a viscosity of from a freely flowing liquid to a slowly flowing gum at 25°C, wherein x, y and z are positive integers, and a methylhydrogenpolysiloxane having the formula (CH3)3SiO
(CH3)(H)SiO xSi(CH3)3 and a viscosity of from 5 to 50 centistokes at 25°C and x is a positive integer.

4. A composition according to claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein component (B) is an acid salt of tin selected from the group consisting of dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dioctylate, tin dioctylate and dioctyltin dilaurate and is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.1 to 20 parts by weight for every 100 parts by weight of component (A).

5. A composition according to claims 1, 2 or 3 further comprising an organic solvent or water containing a surfactant as a diluent.