CA1177124A - Studs of abrasion resistant metallic material - Google Patents
Studs of abrasion resistant metallic materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1177124A CA1177124A CA000389836A CA389836A CA1177124A CA 1177124 A CA1177124 A CA 1177124A CA 000389836 A CA000389836 A CA 000389836A CA 389836 A CA389836 A CA 389836A CA 1177124 A CA1177124 A CA 1177124A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- stud
- diameter
- height
- inch
- cylindrical wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0288—Welding studs
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A stud has a first generally cylindrical portion of abrasion resistant metallic material weldable to a metal surface by stud welding equipment, the first portion having a diameter of about 0.125 to about 1.25 inches and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.05 to about 0.55 inch. A second generally cylindrical metallic portion is attachable to the welding equipment, the second portion having a diameter of about 0.125 to about 1.25 inch and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.05 to about 1.5 inches. A frangible metallic connection connects the first portion to the second portion.
A stud has a first generally cylindrical portion of abrasion resistant metallic material weldable to a metal surface by stud welding equipment, the first portion having a diameter of about 0.125 to about 1.25 inches and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.05 to about 0.55 inch. A second generally cylindrical metallic portion is attachable to the welding equipment, the second portion having a diameter of about 0.125 to about 1.25 inch and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.05 to about 1.5 inches. A frangible metallic connection connects the first portion to the second portion.
Description
~7'7~2~
This invention relates to the protection of metallic surfaces susceptible to abrasion by rock-like or sand-like abrasive material. There are various industrial operations in which a metallic surface is susceptible to significant abrasion by abrasive material, for example the upper surface of a chute down which abrasive material passes and upon which the abrasive material impinges with considerable force as a result of its falling down the chute. Another example is a surface at the leading end of a ground engag-ing tool of an earth working machine, such as a loadingshovel or drag-like bucket over which abrasive material passes as it is removed from the ground and forced over the surface concerned.
Although such surfaces are usually made of hard wearing metallic material, such surfaces nevertheless become abraded after a period of time to such an extent that they have to be renewed. However, such renewal is difficult because the surface is usually an integral part of at least a ma~or component of the equipment concerned, such as a chute or ground engaging tool. Since such equipment is generally of relatively large size, it is impractical to transport the equipment,to a repair shop.
Renewal of such hard wearing metallic surfaces is conventionally carried out in situ by manually arc welding a consumable electrode of the desired material onto the surface to form a new surface layer. However, this practice is time-consuming and expensive because manually arc weld-ing a new surface layer requires the presence of an operator with a relatively high level of welding skill, and further is not entirely satisfactory because the range of wear-resistant materials which can be welded by such conventional 771;~4 manual arc welding is somewhat limited. Often, a preferred wear-resistant material is not satisfactorily weldable by such arc welding and a less desirable material has to be used because it can be welded to form a new surface layer.
Also, the material is usually diluted with iron during arc welding, and such chemical dilution alters the wear characteristics of the material. Even when a preferred wear-resistant material can be satisfactorily welded by such arc welding, the cost of the operation is undesirably high because of the requirement for a relatively highly skilled operator and the time involved.
According to Canadian patent application No.
347,204, filed March 7, 1980, the above mentioned dis-advantages can be overcome by stud welding studs of abrasion resistant metallic material to the surface in closely spaced relationship to cause the majority of the abrasive material to contact the abrasion resistant studs instead of the surface.
Such welding can be carried out by equipment of the kind used for electric arc welding stud fasteners in place. Hence, the operator can be a lesser skilled person, and less time is needed to carry out the welding operation. Further a wider range of materials can be applied in this manner than with conventional manual arc welding.
Thus, for example, ground engaging tools or chutes of the kind previously mentioned can be provided with abrasion resistant surfaces in situ by an operator by use of equipment which is not only less skill demanding but is also less fatiguin~ to use than equipment of the kind required for conventional manual arc welding. The .77~L2~
advantages of the invention disclosed in Canadian applica-tion No. 347,204 when used in connection with ground engag-ing tools or chutes for example are therefore readily apparent.
According to the pxesent invention, a stud suit-able for use in connection with the process which is the subject of Canadian application No. 347,204 comprises a first generally cylindrical portion of abrasion resistant metallic material weldable to a metal surface by stud weld-ing, said first portion having a diameter of about 0.125to about 1.25 inches and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.05 to about 0.55 inch, a second generally cylin-drical metallic portion attachable to said ~elding equip-ment, said second portion having a diameter of about 0.125 to about 1.25 inches and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.05 to about 1.5 inches, and frangible metallic connecting means connecting the first portion to the second portion. The second portion of the stud is removed after stud welding by breaking the frangible connecting means so as to leave the first portion welded to the metallic surface.
The first and second portions and the frangible connecting means are preferably formed by an integral cast-ing of abrasion resistant metallic material. The abrasion resistant metallic material may for example be an alloy con-taining by weight about 20 to about 30% chromium, about 3.5 to about 4.5% carbon, about l.S to about 2.5% manganese, and about 0.5 to about 1.0% silicon, the balance being iron.
Other suitable alloys will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art.
Advantageously, the second portion is of larger mass than the first portion, so that any porosity occurring 12~
as a result of the casting process is located primarily in the second portion which is removed after stud welding.
Preferably, the mass of -the second portion is at least twice that of the first portion.
The height of the cylindrical wall of the first portion may be from about 0.1 to about twice the diameter of the first portion. Advantageously, the height of the cylindrical wall of the first portion is from about one-third to about one-half the diameter of the first portion.
The first portion preferably has a diameter of about 0.5 to about 1.0 inch and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.25 to about 0.5 inch.
The second portion preferably has a diameter of about 0.25 to about 0.75 inch and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.5 to about 1.0 inch.
The first portion may have a diameter greater than that of the second portion.
Embodiments of the invention will now be des-cribed, by way of example, with reference to the accompany-ing drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a side view of a stud in accordancewith one embodiment of the invention, and Figure 2 is a similar view of a stud according to a second embodiment.
Referring first to Figure 1 of the accompanning drawing, a cast stud is formed from abrasion resistant metallic material containing 27~ chromium, 4.3% carbon,
This invention relates to the protection of metallic surfaces susceptible to abrasion by rock-like or sand-like abrasive material. There are various industrial operations in which a metallic surface is susceptible to significant abrasion by abrasive material, for example the upper surface of a chute down which abrasive material passes and upon which the abrasive material impinges with considerable force as a result of its falling down the chute. Another example is a surface at the leading end of a ground engag-ing tool of an earth working machine, such as a loadingshovel or drag-like bucket over which abrasive material passes as it is removed from the ground and forced over the surface concerned.
Although such surfaces are usually made of hard wearing metallic material, such surfaces nevertheless become abraded after a period of time to such an extent that they have to be renewed. However, such renewal is difficult because the surface is usually an integral part of at least a ma~or component of the equipment concerned, such as a chute or ground engaging tool. Since such equipment is generally of relatively large size, it is impractical to transport the equipment,to a repair shop.
Renewal of such hard wearing metallic surfaces is conventionally carried out in situ by manually arc welding a consumable electrode of the desired material onto the surface to form a new surface layer. However, this practice is time-consuming and expensive because manually arc weld-ing a new surface layer requires the presence of an operator with a relatively high level of welding skill, and further is not entirely satisfactory because the range of wear-resistant materials which can be welded by such conventional 771;~4 manual arc welding is somewhat limited. Often, a preferred wear-resistant material is not satisfactorily weldable by such arc welding and a less desirable material has to be used because it can be welded to form a new surface layer.
Also, the material is usually diluted with iron during arc welding, and such chemical dilution alters the wear characteristics of the material. Even when a preferred wear-resistant material can be satisfactorily welded by such arc welding, the cost of the operation is undesirably high because of the requirement for a relatively highly skilled operator and the time involved.
According to Canadian patent application No.
347,204, filed March 7, 1980, the above mentioned dis-advantages can be overcome by stud welding studs of abrasion resistant metallic material to the surface in closely spaced relationship to cause the majority of the abrasive material to contact the abrasion resistant studs instead of the surface.
Such welding can be carried out by equipment of the kind used for electric arc welding stud fasteners in place. Hence, the operator can be a lesser skilled person, and less time is needed to carry out the welding operation. Further a wider range of materials can be applied in this manner than with conventional manual arc welding.
Thus, for example, ground engaging tools or chutes of the kind previously mentioned can be provided with abrasion resistant surfaces in situ by an operator by use of equipment which is not only less skill demanding but is also less fatiguin~ to use than equipment of the kind required for conventional manual arc welding. The .77~L2~
advantages of the invention disclosed in Canadian applica-tion No. 347,204 when used in connection with ground engag-ing tools or chutes for example are therefore readily apparent.
According to the pxesent invention, a stud suit-able for use in connection with the process which is the subject of Canadian application No. 347,204 comprises a first generally cylindrical portion of abrasion resistant metallic material weldable to a metal surface by stud weld-ing, said first portion having a diameter of about 0.125to about 1.25 inches and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.05 to about 0.55 inch, a second generally cylin-drical metallic portion attachable to said ~elding equip-ment, said second portion having a diameter of about 0.125 to about 1.25 inches and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.05 to about 1.5 inches, and frangible metallic connecting means connecting the first portion to the second portion. The second portion of the stud is removed after stud welding by breaking the frangible connecting means so as to leave the first portion welded to the metallic surface.
The first and second portions and the frangible connecting means are preferably formed by an integral cast-ing of abrasion resistant metallic material. The abrasion resistant metallic material may for example be an alloy con-taining by weight about 20 to about 30% chromium, about 3.5 to about 4.5% carbon, about l.S to about 2.5% manganese, and about 0.5 to about 1.0% silicon, the balance being iron.
Other suitable alloys will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art.
Advantageously, the second portion is of larger mass than the first portion, so that any porosity occurring 12~
as a result of the casting process is located primarily in the second portion which is removed after stud welding.
Preferably, the mass of -the second portion is at least twice that of the first portion.
The height of the cylindrical wall of the first portion may be from about 0.1 to about twice the diameter of the first portion. Advantageously, the height of the cylindrical wall of the first portion is from about one-third to about one-half the diameter of the first portion.
The first portion preferably has a diameter of about 0.5 to about 1.0 inch and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.25 to about 0.5 inch.
The second portion preferably has a diameter of about 0.25 to about 0.75 inch and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.5 to about 1.0 inch.
The first portion may have a diameter greater than that of the second portion.
Embodiments of the invention will now be des-cribed, by way of example, with reference to the accompany-ing drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a side view of a stud in accordancewith one embodiment of the invention, and Figure 2 is a similar view of a stud according to a second embodiment.
Referring first to Figure 1 of the accompanning drawing, a cast stud is formed from abrasion resistant metallic material containing 27~ chromium, 4.3% carbon,
2~ manganese, 0.7~ silicon, with the balance being iron.
The stud is made by casting the molten ma-terial in-to the top of an appropriately shaped mold~
~1771 2~
The stud 10 has a first generally cylindrical portion 12 and a second generally cylindrical portion 14, the first and second portions 12 and 14 being connected by frangible connecting means 16 in the form of an inter-mediate portion of reduced diameter. The first po~tion 12 has a diameter of 0.6 inch and a cylindrical wall with a height of 0.3 inch. The second portion 14 has the same diameter as the first portion 12 and a cylindrical wall with a height of 0.8 inch namely over twice the height of the first portion 12. Thus, the mass of the second por-tion 14 is more than twice the mass of the first portion 12, thus ensuring that any porosity formed as a result of the casting process is predominantly in the second portion 14. It will be noted that the height of the cylindrical wall of the first portion 12 is just less than one-half the diameter thereof.
The lower end of the first portion 12 has a small central projection 13 to which an aluminum washer is secured before use to facilitate the subsequent ~elding operation.
In use, the second portion 14 is fitted into electric arc stud welding equipment and the first por-tion 12 is welded to the metallic surface to be protected.
After welding, the second portion 14 is struck by hammer or other implement to break off the second portion 14 from the first portion 12 by fracture of the reduced diameter portion 16, thereby leaving the first portion 12 welded to the surface concerned. As described in Canadian patent application No. 347,204, a number of studs 10 are stud welded to the surface in closely spaced rela-tionship in order to protect the surface from wear by abrasive material.
7~2~
Figure 2 shows a stud 20 in which the first portion 22 is larger in diameter than the second portion 24, the first and second portions 22 and 24 being connected by frangible connecting means in the form of a neck 26 of reduced diameter. The stud 20 is a cast stud of the same material as the stud 10. The lower end of the first por-tion 22 has a small central projection 23 to which an alu-minum washer is fitted before use.
The first portion 22 has a diameter of 0.9 inch and a cylindrical wall with a height of 0.5 inch. The second portion 24 has a diameter of 0.6 inch and a cylin-drical wall with a height of 0.8 inch.
The stud 20 is used in a similar manner to the stud 10. An advantage of the stud shown in Figure 2 is that the first portion 22 which is stud welded to the sur-face to be protected and remains attached thereto after the second portion has been removed, may be of a relatively large diameter.
Other embodiments of the invention will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art, the scope of the invention being defined in the appended claims.
The stud is made by casting the molten ma-terial in-to the top of an appropriately shaped mold~
~1771 2~
The stud 10 has a first generally cylindrical portion 12 and a second generally cylindrical portion 14, the first and second portions 12 and 14 being connected by frangible connecting means 16 in the form of an inter-mediate portion of reduced diameter. The first po~tion 12 has a diameter of 0.6 inch and a cylindrical wall with a height of 0.3 inch. The second portion 14 has the same diameter as the first portion 12 and a cylindrical wall with a height of 0.8 inch namely over twice the height of the first portion 12. Thus, the mass of the second por-tion 14 is more than twice the mass of the first portion 12, thus ensuring that any porosity formed as a result of the casting process is predominantly in the second portion 14. It will be noted that the height of the cylindrical wall of the first portion 12 is just less than one-half the diameter thereof.
The lower end of the first portion 12 has a small central projection 13 to which an aluminum washer is secured before use to facilitate the subsequent ~elding operation.
In use, the second portion 14 is fitted into electric arc stud welding equipment and the first por-tion 12 is welded to the metallic surface to be protected.
After welding, the second portion 14 is struck by hammer or other implement to break off the second portion 14 from the first portion 12 by fracture of the reduced diameter portion 16, thereby leaving the first portion 12 welded to the surface concerned. As described in Canadian patent application No. 347,204, a number of studs 10 are stud welded to the surface in closely spaced rela-tionship in order to protect the surface from wear by abrasive material.
7~2~
Figure 2 shows a stud 20 in which the first portion 22 is larger in diameter than the second portion 24, the first and second portions 22 and 24 being connected by frangible connecting means in the form of a neck 26 of reduced diameter. The stud 20 is a cast stud of the same material as the stud 10. The lower end of the first por-tion 22 has a small central projection 23 to which an alu-minum washer is fitted before use.
The first portion 22 has a diameter of 0.9 inch and a cylindrical wall with a height of 0.5 inch. The second portion 24 has a diameter of 0.6 inch and a cylin-drical wall with a height of 0.8 inch.
The stud 20 is used in a similar manner to the stud 10. An advantage of the stud shown in Figure 2 is that the first portion 22 which is stud welded to the sur-face to be protected and remains attached thereto after the second portion has been removed, may be of a relatively large diameter.
Other embodiments of the invention will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art, the scope of the invention being defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A stud formed as an integral casting of abrasion resistant metallic material and comprising a first generally cylindrical portion weldable to a metal surface by stud weld-ing, said first portion having a diameter of about 0.125 to about 1.25 inches and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.05 to about 0.55 inch, a second generally cylindrical portion attachable to stud welding equipment, said second portion having a diameter of about 0.125 to about 1.25 inches and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.05 to about 1.5 inches, and frangible connecting means connect-ing the first portion to the second portion.
2. A stud according to claim 1 wherein the abrasion resistant metallic material is an alloy containing by weight about 20 to about 30% chromium, about 3.5 to about 4.5%
carbon, about 1.5 to about 2.5% manganese, and about 0.5 to about 1.0% silicon, the balance being iron.
carbon, about 1.5 to about 2.5% manganese, and about 0.5 to about 1.0% silicon, the balance being iron.
3. A stud according to claim 1 wherein the second portion has a larger mass than the first portion.
4. A stud according to claim 3 wherein the mass of the second portion is at least twice the mass of the first portion.
5. A stud according to claim 1 wherein the height of the cylindrical wall of the first portion is about 0.1 to about twice the diameter of the first portion.
6. A stud according to claim 5 wherein the height of the cylindrical wall of the first portion is about one-third to about one-half the diameter of the first portion.
7. A stud according to claim 1 wherein the first portion has a diameter of about 0.5 to about 1.0 inch and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.25 to about 0.5 inch.
8. A stud according to claim 1 wherein the second portion has a diameter of about 0.25 to about 0.75 inch and a cylindrical wall with a height of about 0.5 to about 1.0 inch.
9. A stud according to claim 1 wherein the first portion has a greater diameter than the second portion.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000389836A CA1177124A (en) | 1981-11-10 | 1981-11-10 | Studs of abrasion resistant metallic material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000389836A CA1177124A (en) | 1981-11-10 | 1981-11-10 | Studs of abrasion resistant metallic material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1177124A true CA1177124A (en) | 1984-10-30 |
Family
ID=4121378
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000389836A Expired CA1177124A (en) | 1981-11-10 | 1981-11-10 | Studs of abrasion resistant metallic material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1177124A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2552636B1 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2020-07-08 | EJOT GmbH & Co. KG | Method of friction welding for connecting at least two plate-like components |
-
1981
- 1981-11-10 CA CA000389836A patent/CA1177124A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2552636B1 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2020-07-08 | EJOT GmbH & Co. KG | Method of friction welding for connecting at least two plate-like components |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |