CA1175769A - Process of recovering oil from oil-containing minerals - Google Patents
Process of recovering oil from oil-containing mineralsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1175769A CA1175769A CA000403555A CA403555A CA1175769A CA 1175769 A CA1175769 A CA 1175769A CA 000403555 A CA000403555 A CA 000403555A CA 403555 A CA403555 A CA 403555A CA 1175769 A CA1175769 A CA 1175769A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gases
- retorting
- layer
- oil
- zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
A process of recovering oil from oil-containing minerals by retorting on a traveling grate, wherein a bed is charged, which consists essentially of a layer of oil-containing mineral and a layer of retorted and burnt material, which has been left after solid carbon present in the bed after the retorting has been burnt with ignition and a flow of oxygen-containing gases sucked through.
Gases are heated in the retorting zone to the temperature required for retorting as they pass through the layer of the burnt mineral. The layer of oil-containing mineral is heated to the retorting temperature by the heated-up gases as they flow through said layer, and oil is separated in a separating stage from the retort gases which contain the retorting products. Hot burnt material which becomes available after the combustion of solid carbon is charged onto the traveling grate to form a bottom layer and oil-containing mineral is charged onto the layer to form a top layer. Inert or reducing gases are forced through the charge bed from below in the retorting zone and are heated as they flow through the hot bottom layer and effect retorting as they pass through the top layer. The retort gases leaving the retorting zone are passed through the separating stage to remove the oil from said gases. The solid carbon in the surface of the top layer is ignited by means of an ignition furnace in a combustion zone, which succeeds the retorting zone. The burning zone is thereafter caused to move through the top layer from below as oxygen-containing gases are sucked through the top layer, and burnt material is removed from the bed discharged from the traveling grate and is recycled hot to form the bottom layer.
A process of recovering oil from oil-containing minerals by retorting on a traveling grate, wherein a bed is charged, which consists essentially of a layer of oil-containing mineral and a layer of retorted and burnt material, which has been left after solid carbon present in the bed after the retorting has been burnt with ignition and a flow of oxygen-containing gases sucked through.
Gases are heated in the retorting zone to the temperature required for retorting as they pass through the layer of the burnt mineral. The layer of oil-containing mineral is heated to the retorting temperature by the heated-up gases as they flow through said layer, and oil is separated in a separating stage from the retort gases which contain the retorting products. Hot burnt material which becomes available after the combustion of solid carbon is charged onto the traveling grate to form a bottom layer and oil-containing mineral is charged onto the layer to form a top layer. Inert or reducing gases are forced through the charge bed from below in the retorting zone and are heated as they flow through the hot bottom layer and effect retorting as they pass through the top layer. The retort gases leaving the retorting zone are passed through the separating stage to remove the oil from said gases. The solid carbon in the surface of the top layer is ignited by means of an ignition furnace in a combustion zone, which succeeds the retorting zone. The burning zone is thereafter caused to move through the top layer from below as oxygen-containing gases are sucked through the top layer, and burnt material is removed from the bed discharged from the traveling grate and is recycled hot to form the bottom layer.
Description
7S76~3 The present invention relates to a process of recovering oil from oil-containing minerals by retorting on a traveling grate.
Oil-containing materials, such as oil sand, diatomaceous earth and particularly oil shale are heat-treated on traveling grates to recover their oil content.
In the retorting zone, hot gases are passed through the bed to heat the latter to the retorting temperature of about 400 to 600C. The hot gases are neutral or reducing gases so that the retorting is effected in the absence of oxygen. During the retorting various gases and vapors are formed from the organic constituents. The oils are con-densed from the retort gases. After the condensation, the gas still contains gaseous retorting products which cannot be condensed. The retorted residue on the traveling grate contains solid carbon as a retorting product. For the sake of heat economy, that carbon must be burnt and the resulting heat must be utilized for the process.
It is known from U.S. Patent Specification 4,039,427 to carry out the process on two traveling grates.
Retorting is effected on the first traveling grate and the solid carbon is burnt on the second traveling grate. In one embodiment, the fresh oil shale is charged onto the first traveling grate to form a bottom layer and the burnt hot material from the second traveling grate is charged onto the bottom layer to form a top layer. The retort gases which leave the oil-separating stage are passed in the cooling zone of the first traveling grate through the bed from below and are thus heated and are passed through the bed from top to bottom in the retorting zone. In that step, they are further heated in the hot top layer and heat the bottom layer to the temperature required for retorting.
As the bed is discharged from the traveling grate, the top layer is peeled from the bottom layer and the bottom ]ayer, :., .
, 57~9 which contains the solid carbon, is charged onto the second traveling grate, where it is ignited at the sur-face and the carbon is burnt while air is sucked through the layer. Before the burnt material is discharged, it is heated further by an additional heater and is then dis-charged and charged onto the first traveling grate. A
partial stream of the retort gases is removed from the process when they have passed through the cooling zone.
The disadvantages of that process reside in that two traveling grates are required and even when the top layer is peeled off in an expensive step, carbonaceous material will be discharged with the top layer or material from the top layer will be charged together with the bottom layer onto the second traveling grate. Besides, the partial stream of retort gases removed after the cooling zone has still a relatively high dust content.
It is an object of the invention to avoid these disadvantages and to permit oil-containing materials to be heated by means of the heat content of a hot layer o burnt material on a traveling grate in an economical manner.
This object is accomplished in accordance with the invention.
In fact, in a process oE recovering oil from oil-containing minerals by retorting on a traveling grate, wherein a bed is charged, which consists essentially of a layer of oil-containing mineral and a layer of retorted and burnt material, which has been left after solid carbon present in the bed after the retorting has been burnt with ignition and a flow of oxygen-containing gases sucked through, gases are heated in the retorting zone to the temperature required for retorting as they pass through the layer of the burnt mineral, the layer of oil-containing mineral is heated to the retorting temperature by the heated-up gases as they flow through said layer, an~ oil is ~7S7Çi9 separated in a separating stage from the retort gases.
which contain the retorting products, the improvement wherein hot burnt material which becomes available after the combustion of solid carbon is charged onto the travel-ing grate to form a bottom layer and oil-containing mineral is charged onto said layer to form a top layer, inert or reducing gases are forced.through the charge bed from below in the retorting zone and are heated as they flow through the hot bottom layer and effect retorting as they pass through the top layer, the retort gases leaving the retorting zone are passed through the separating stage to remove the oil from.said gases, the solid.carbon in the surface of the top layer is ignited by means of an ignition furnace in a combustion zone, which succeeds the retorting zone, the burning zone is thereafter caused to move through the top layer from below as oxygen-containing gases are sucked through the top layer, and burnt material is removed from the bed discharged from the traveling grate and is recycled hot to form the bottom layer.
Preferably, the oxygen containing gases are sucked through the top layer at such a controlled rate that the bed is heated to the highest possible temperature by the combustion of solid carbon.
. A virtually complete retorting is effected in the retorting zone. The inert or reducing gases may consist of gases from the separating stage after a removal of oil, or may consist of extraneous gases. The combustion of the solid.carbon in the combustion zone is so controlled that the temperature in the bed and therewith in the exhaust gases is as high as possible. To this end, the oxygen-containing gases consisting generally of air are sucked through the bed at a controlled rate. That gas rate is increased until the exhaust temperature has reached a maxi-mum. This is then the optimum gas rate. When the exhaust ,,~
~t7S769 gas temperature drops, the gas rate is higher than the optimum. In that step, the solid carbon may not be com-pletely burnt in some cases; this is tolerated. Particu-larly with large particles it may be more desirable to burn only the solid carbon in the external portions of the particles whereas the carbon in the interior of the particles is not burnt. Part of the gas withdrawn from the separating zone can be used to ignite the solid carbon in the combustion - 3a -~175769 zone. In that case, the non-condensible, combustible retort-ing products contained in said gas are burnt too. Behind the combustion zone the bed may be discharged in a hot state, without cooling, from the traveling grate, or the bed can be cooled on the traveling grate by cooling gases passed through the bed in a cooling zone, which succeeds the combustion zone. After the discharge, an exact separation of the top and bottom layers is not required.
In a preferred embodiment, a partial stream of the gases from which the oil has been removed are recycled from the separating stage as retort gases into the retorting zone. As the gases leaving the separating stage still contain the non-condensïble retorting products which have been formed during the retorting the recycling will result in a gas which has a high heating value.
In a preferred embodiment, the bottom layer on the traveling grate is heated by means of hot oxidizing gases in a heating zone before the top layer is charged.
In this way the quantity of heat required for the retorting in the retorting zone can be supplied to the bottom layer in a simple manner if the heat content of the bottom layer is not sufficient to produce the retorting temperature in the top layer or if the bottom layer is recycled in a cold state. When the oxidizing gases have been used to heat the bottom layer, the remaining heat content of said gases can be used to preheat the oil-containing mineral, the gases fed to the retorting zone, or other gases.
In a further preferred embodiment, the hot oxidizing gases consist of the exhaust gases from the combustion zone.
In this way the heat content of the exhaust gas from the combustion zone can be utilized in the process.
In a further preferred embodiment, the exhaust gases are heated before they enter the heating zone. The exhaust gases may be heated by the partial stream of the 1~7576~3 gases from which oil has been removed in the separating stage;
in that case the combustible constituents of said partial stream are burnt as the stream is used -to heat the exhaust yas. Extraneous heat may be used or added.
In a further preferred embodiment, vibration is imparted to the gases fed to the retorting zone. In that case the rate of gas required for the retorting, i.e., the rate of retor gases, can be decreased.
In a further preferred embodiment, the bed is dis-charged from the traveling grate in a hot state and the material for the bottom layer is recycled in a hot state.
The recycling in a hot state results in a particularly good utilization of the heat generated in the process.
In a further preferred embodiment, the hot material lS which is not recycled is cooled in a separate cooler by means of air passed through the material. This is a simple method of cooling the material to a temperature at which it can be carried away.
In a further preferred embodiment, the cooling air which has been heated is used to dry and preheat oil-contaln-ing mineral and/or to heat gases fed to the process. The gases fed to the process may consist of the gases which are fed to the retorting zone, the gases fed to the ignition furnace, or the gases fed to the means for heating the oxidizing gases for the heating zone.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained more fully with reference to the single figure of the drawing which shows equipment to carry out the inventive process.
Burnt material 1 is recycled and charged onto the traveling grate 3 to form a bottom layer ~ and is heated in the heating zone 4 to the required temperature. Oil-containing material 5 is charged onto the hot bottom layer
Oil-containing materials, such as oil sand, diatomaceous earth and particularly oil shale are heat-treated on traveling grates to recover their oil content.
In the retorting zone, hot gases are passed through the bed to heat the latter to the retorting temperature of about 400 to 600C. The hot gases are neutral or reducing gases so that the retorting is effected in the absence of oxygen. During the retorting various gases and vapors are formed from the organic constituents. The oils are con-densed from the retort gases. After the condensation, the gas still contains gaseous retorting products which cannot be condensed. The retorted residue on the traveling grate contains solid carbon as a retorting product. For the sake of heat economy, that carbon must be burnt and the resulting heat must be utilized for the process.
It is known from U.S. Patent Specification 4,039,427 to carry out the process on two traveling grates.
Retorting is effected on the first traveling grate and the solid carbon is burnt on the second traveling grate. In one embodiment, the fresh oil shale is charged onto the first traveling grate to form a bottom layer and the burnt hot material from the second traveling grate is charged onto the bottom layer to form a top layer. The retort gases which leave the oil-separating stage are passed in the cooling zone of the first traveling grate through the bed from below and are thus heated and are passed through the bed from top to bottom in the retorting zone. In that step, they are further heated in the hot top layer and heat the bottom layer to the temperature required for retorting.
As the bed is discharged from the traveling grate, the top layer is peeled from the bottom layer and the bottom ]ayer, :., .
, 57~9 which contains the solid carbon, is charged onto the second traveling grate, where it is ignited at the sur-face and the carbon is burnt while air is sucked through the layer. Before the burnt material is discharged, it is heated further by an additional heater and is then dis-charged and charged onto the first traveling grate. A
partial stream of the retort gases is removed from the process when they have passed through the cooling zone.
The disadvantages of that process reside in that two traveling grates are required and even when the top layer is peeled off in an expensive step, carbonaceous material will be discharged with the top layer or material from the top layer will be charged together with the bottom layer onto the second traveling grate. Besides, the partial stream of retort gases removed after the cooling zone has still a relatively high dust content.
It is an object of the invention to avoid these disadvantages and to permit oil-containing materials to be heated by means of the heat content of a hot layer o burnt material on a traveling grate in an economical manner.
This object is accomplished in accordance with the invention.
In fact, in a process oE recovering oil from oil-containing minerals by retorting on a traveling grate, wherein a bed is charged, which consists essentially of a layer of oil-containing mineral and a layer of retorted and burnt material, which has been left after solid carbon present in the bed after the retorting has been burnt with ignition and a flow of oxygen-containing gases sucked through, gases are heated in the retorting zone to the temperature required for retorting as they pass through the layer of the burnt mineral, the layer of oil-containing mineral is heated to the retorting temperature by the heated-up gases as they flow through said layer, an~ oil is ~7S7Çi9 separated in a separating stage from the retort gases.
which contain the retorting products, the improvement wherein hot burnt material which becomes available after the combustion of solid carbon is charged onto the travel-ing grate to form a bottom layer and oil-containing mineral is charged onto said layer to form a top layer, inert or reducing gases are forced.through the charge bed from below in the retorting zone and are heated as they flow through the hot bottom layer and effect retorting as they pass through the top layer, the retort gases leaving the retorting zone are passed through the separating stage to remove the oil from.said gases, the solid.carbon in the surface of the top layer is ignited by means of an ignition furnace in a combustion zone, which succeeds the retorting zone, the burning zone is thereafter caused to move through the top layer from below as oxygen-containing gases are sucked through the top layer, and burnt material is removed from the bed discharged from the traveling grate and is recycled hot to form the bottom layer.
Preferably, the oxygen containing gases are sucked through the top layer at such a controlled rate that the bed is heated to the highest possible temperature by the combustion of solid carbon.
. A virtually complete retorting is effected in the retorting zone. The inert or reducing gases may consist of gases from the separating stage after a removal of oil, or may consist of extraneous gases. The combustion of the solid.carbon in the combustion zone is so controlled that the temperature in the bed and therewith in the exhaust gases is as high as possible. To this end, the oxygen-containing gases consisting generally of air are sucked through the bed at a controlled rate. That gas rate is increased until the exhaust temperature has reached a maxi-mum. This is then the optimum gas rate. When the exhaust ,,~
~t7S769 gas temperature drops, the gas rate is higher than the optimum. In that step, the solid carbon may not be com-pletely burnt in some cases; this is tolerated. Particu-larly with large particles it may be more desirable to burn only the solid carbon in the external portions of the particles whereas the carbon in the interior of the particles is not burnt. Part of the gas withdrawn from the separating zone can be used to ignite the solid carbon in the combustion - 3a -~175769 zone. In that case, the non-condensible, combustible retort-ing products contained in said gas are burnt too. Behind the combustion zone the bed may be discharged in a hot state, without cooling, from the traveling grate, or the bed can be cooled on the traveling grate by cooling gases passed through the bed in a cooling zone, which succeeds the combustion zone. After the discharge, an exact separation of the top and bottom layers is not required.
In a preferred embodiment, a partial stream of the gases from which the oil has been removed are recycled from the separating stage as retort gases into the retorting zone. As the gases leaving the separating stage still contain the non-condensïble retorting products which have been formed during the retorting the recycling will result in a gas which has a high heating value.
In a preferred embodiment, the bottom layer on the traveling grate is heated by means of hot oxidizing gases in a heating zone before the top layer is charged.
In this way the quantity of heat required for the retorting in the retorting zone can be supplied to the bottom layer in a simple manner if the heat content of the bottom layer is not sufficient to produce the retorting temperature in the top layer or if the bottom layer is recycled in a cold state. When the oxidizing gases have been used to heat the bottom layer, the remaining heat content of said gases can be used to preheat the oil-containing mineral, the gases fed to the retorting zone, or other gases.
In a further preferred embodiment, the hot oxidizing gases consist of the exhaust gases from the combustion zone.
In this way the heat content of the exhaust gas from the combustion zone can be utilized in the process.
In a further preferred embodiment, the exhaust gases are heated before they enter the heating zone. The exhaust gases may be heated by the partial stream of the 1~7576~3 gases from which oil has been removed in the separating stage;
in that case the combustible constituents of said partial stream are burnt as the stream is used -to heat the exhaust yas. Extraneous heat may be used or added.
In a further preferred embodiment, vibration is imparted to the gases fed to the retorting zone. In that case the rate of gas required for the retorting, i.e., the rate of retor gases, can be decreased.
In a further preferred embodiment, the bed is dis-charged from the traveling grate in a hot state and the material for the bottom layer is recycled in a hot state.
The recycling in a hot state results in a particularly good utilization of the heat generated in the process.
In a further preferred embodiment, the hot material lS which is not recycled is cooled in a separate cooler by means of air passed through the material. This is a simple method of cooling the material to a temperature at which it can be carried away.
In a further preferred embodiment, the cooling air which has been heated is used to dry and preheat oil-contaln-ing mineral and/or to heat gases fed to the process. The gases fed to the process may consist of the gases which are fed to the retorting zone, the gases fed to the ignition furnace, or the gases fed to the means for heating the oxidizing gases for the heating zone.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained more fully with reference to the single figure of the drawing which shows equipment to carry out the inventive process.
Burnt material 1 is recycled and charged onto the traveling grate 3 to form a bottom layer ~ and is heated in the heating zone 4 to the required temperature. Oil-containing material 5 is charged onto the hot bottom layer
2 to form a top layer 6. The charged bed is carried through ~757169 the retorting zone 7 and the combustion zone 8 in succession.
A gas hood 9 is mounted over the retorting zone 7 and wind boxes 10 are mounted under said zone. Wind boxes 11 are mounted under the combustion zone 8. A gas hood 12 is mounted over the heating zone 4 and wind boxes 13 are mounted under said zone. The ignition furnace 14 is disposed at the beginning of the combustion zone 8. Gases from which oil has been removed are recycled through duc-t 15 and wind boxes 10 into the retorting zone 7 and are heated in the bottom layer 2 and as they flow through the upper layer 6 heat the oil-containing material to the temperature desired for retorting. The retort gases which contain the retorting products are conducted from the gas hood 9 through duct 16 into the separating stage 17, where the oil is separated and discharged through conduit 18. A partial stream of the gases from which oil has been removed is recycled through duct 15 to the retorting zone 7. As the charge bed enters the combustion zone 8, the solid carbon in the surface of the retorted top layer 6 is ignited under the igniting furnace 14. Air 19 is then sucked through the charge bed into wind boxes 11. As a result, the burning zone moves through the top layer 6 from top to bottom. The rate of air 19 is so controlled that the charge bed has the highest possible temperature at the end of the combustion zone so that the exhaust gases will also have the highest possible temperature. The hot-exhaust gases are conducted to the collecting manifold 20. All or part of the exhaust gas is fed through duct 21 to the heater 22, which is fed with fuel through conduit 23 and with additional combustion air through duct 24 and in which the gas is heated by a com-bustion process. The heated gas is fed through duct 25 and gas hood 12 to the heating zone 4 and is exhausted through the wind box 13 and the duct 26. The entire exhaust gas flows through the duct 27 to the gas cleaning unit 28 and ~L75769 then into the stack 29. Valves 30 for controlling the yas rates are incorporated in ducts 20 and 21. The charged bed is discharged from the traveling grate 1 into the separating station 31, in which the top and bottom layers 6, 2 are separated. An exact separation is not required. The hot burnt material from the top layer is recycled by means of an apron conveyor 32. The remaining hot mineral is charged into a separate cooler 33 and is cooled therein by means of cooling air 34 and is then carried off at 35. The heated cooling air is fed in ducts 36 to a preheating stage 37, in which oil-containing material fed via 35 is preheated. A
partial stream of the gases from which oil has been removed in the separating stage 17 is withdrawn through duct 38 from the separating stage 37. That gas contains non-con-densible retorting products and can be conducted as a fuelsource through duct 39 to the ignition furnace 14 and/or as a fuel source through duct 23 into the heater 22. The heat of the gas which leaves the heating zone 4 and is conducted in duct 26 may be used to preheat the oil-containing mineral in the preheating stage 37, to heat the gas from which oil has been removed and is recycled in duct 15 before entering the retorting zone 7, to heat the gases fed in ducts 24 and 23 to the heater 22 and to heat the gases fed through ducts 39 to the ignition furnace. For the sake of clearness, the ducts and heat exchangers required for that purpose are not shown.
The advantages afforded by the invention reside in that the retorting and the combustion of solid carbon can be performed in conjunction with recycling of burnt material as a heat transfer medium in a technologically simple manner as an exact separation of the two layers which have been discharged is not required, and that the heat generated in the process is optimally utilized and a gas having a high heating-value is produced.
-- 7 ~
~ 757~9 It will be possible to eEfect a thermally self~
sufficient processing even of minerals which after the retorting have a relatively low content of solid carbon or less extraneous energy will be required or more surplus heat will be generated.
A gas hood 9 is mounted over the retorting zone 7 and wind boxes 10 are mounted under said zone. Wind boxes 11 are mounted under the combustion zone 8. A gas hood 12 is mounted over the heating zone 4 and wind boxes 13 are mounted under said zone. The ignition furnace 14 is disposed at the beginning of the combustion zone 8. Gases from which oil has been removed are recycled through duc-t 15 and wind boxes 10 into the retorting zone 7 and are heated in the bottom layer 2 and as they flow through the upper layer 6 heat the oil-containing material to the temperature desired for retorting. The retort gases which contain the retorting products are conducted from the gas hood 9 through duct 16 into the separating stage 17, where the oil is separated and discharged through conduit 18. A partial stream of the gases from which oil has been removed is recycled through duct 15 to the retorting zone 7. As the charge bed enters the combustion zone 8, the solid carbon in the surface of the retorted top layer 6 is ignited under the igniting furnace 14. Air 19 is then sucked through the charge bed into wind boxes 11. As a result, the burning zone moves through the top layer 6 from top to bottom. The rate of air 19 is so controlled that the charge bed has the highest possible temperature at the end of the combustion zone so that the exhaust gases will also have the highest possible temperature. The hot-exhaust gases are conducted to the collecting manifold 20. All or part of the exhaust gas is fed through duct 21 to the heater 22, which is fed with fuel through conduit 23 and with additional combustion air through duct 24 and in which the gas is heated by a com-bustion process. The heated gas is fed through duct 25 and gas hood 12 to the heating zone 4 and is exhausted through the wind box 13 and the duct 26. The entire exhaust gas flows through the duct 27 to the gas cleaning unit 28 and ~L75769 then into the stack 29. Valves 30 for controlling the yas rates are incorporated in ducts 20 and 21. The charged bed is discharged from the traveling grate 1 into the separating station 31, in which the top and bottom layers 6, 2 are separated. An exact separation is not required. The hot burnt material from the top layer is recycled by means of an apron conveyor 32. The remaining hot mineral is charged into a separate cooler 33 and is cooled therein by means of cooling air 34 and is then carried off at 35. The heated cooling air is fed in ducts 36 to a preheating stage 37, in which oil-containing material fed via 35 is preheated. A
partial stream of the gases from which oil has been removed in the separating stage 17 is withdrawn through duct 38 from the separating stage 37. That gas contains non-con-densible retorting products and can be conducted as a fuelsource through duct 39 to the ignition furnace 14 and/or as a fuel source through duct 23 into the heater 22. The heat of the gas which leaves the heating zone 4 and is conducted in duct 26 may be used to preheat the oil-containing mineral in the preheating stage 37, to heat the gas from which oil has been removed and is recycled in duct 15 before entering the retorting zone 7, to heat the gases fed in ducts 24 and 23 to the heater 22 and to heat the gases fed through ducts 39 to the ignition furnace. For the sake of clearness, the ducts and heat exchangers required for that purpose are not shown.
The advantages afforded by the invention reside in that the retorting and the combustion of solid carbon can be performed in conjunction with recycling of burnt material as a heat transfer medium in a technologically simple manner as an exact separation of the two layers which have been discharged is not required, and that the heat generated in the process is optimally utilized and a gas having a high heating-value is produced.
-- 7 ~
~ 757~9 It will be possible to eEfect a thermally self~
sufficient processing even of minerals which after the retorting have a relatively low content of solid carbon or less extraneous energy will be required or more surplus heat will be generated.
Claims (10)
1. In a process of recovering oil from oil-containing minerals by retorting on a traveling grate, wherein a bed is charged, which consists essentially of a layer of oil-containing mineral and a layer of retorted and burnt material, which has been left after solid carbon present in the bed after the retorting has been burnt with ignition and a flow of oxygen-containing gases sucked through, gases are heated in the retorting zone to the temperature required for retorting as they pass through the layer of the burnt mineral, the layer of oil-containing mineral is heated to the retorting temperature by the heated-up gases as they flow through said layer, and oil is separated in a separating stage from the retort gases which contain the retorting products, the improvement wherein hot burnt material which becomes available after the combustion of solid carbon is charged onto the traveling grate to form a bottom layer and oil-containing mineral is charged onto said layer to form a top layer, inert or reducing gases are forced through the charge bed from below in the retorting zone and are heated as they flow through the hot bottom layer and effect retorting as they pass through the top layer, the retort gases leaving the retorting zone are passed through the separating stage to remove the oil from said gases, the solid carbon in the surface of the top layer is ignited by means of an ignition furnace in a combustion zone, which succeeds the retorting zone the burning zone is thereafter caused to move through the top layer from below as oxygen-containing gases are sucked through the top layer, and burnt material is removed from the bed discharged from the traveling grate and is recycled hot to form the bottom layer.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen containing gases are sucked through the top layer at such a controlled rate that the bed is heated to the highest possible temperature by the combustion of solid carbon.
3. A process according to claim 1, wherein a partial stream of the gases from which oil has been removed are recycled from the separating stage as retort gases into the retorting zone.
4. A process according to claim 1, wherein the bottom layer on the traveling grate is heated by means of hot oxidizing gases in a heating zone upstream of said retorting zone before the top layer is charged.
5. A process according to claim 4, wherein the exhaust gases from the combustion zone are used as hot oxidizing gases.
6. A process according to claim 5, characterized in that the exhaust gases are heated before they enter the heating zone.
7. A process according to claim 1, wherein vibration is imparted to the gases fed to the retorting zone.
8. A process according to claim 1, wherein the bed is discharged from the traveling grate in a hot state and the material for the bottom layer is recycled in a hot state.
9. A process according to claim 8, wherein the hot material which is not recycled is cooled in a separate cooler by means of air passed through the material.
10. A process according to claim 9, wherein the cooling air which has been heated is used to dry and preheat oil-containing mineral and/or to heat gases fed to the process.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19813124146 DE3124146A1 (en) | 1981-06-19 | 1981-06-19 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING OIL FROM OIL-BASED MINERALS |
| DEP3124146.8 | 1981-06-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1175769A true CA1175769A (en) | 1984-10-09 |
Family
ID=6134948
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000403555A Expired CA1175769A (en) | 1981-06-19 | 1982-05-21 | Process of recovering oil from oil-containing minerals |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0068527B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU545711B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1175769A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3124146A1 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN152328B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA823289B (en) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4039427A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1977-08-02 | Mcdowell-Wellman Engineering Company | Process for retorting oil shale |
-
1981
- 1981-06-19 DE DE19813124146 patent/DE3124146A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-08-25 IN IN948/CAL/81A patent/IN152328B/en unknown
-
1982
- 1982-05-11 EP EP82200577A patent/EP0068527B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-11 DE DE8282200577T patent/DE3260496D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-12 ZA ZA823289A patent/ZA823289B/en unknown
- 1982-05-21 CA CA000403555A patent/CA1175769A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-18 AU AU84997/82A patent/AU545711B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IN152328B (en) | 1983-12-17 |
| EP0068527A1 (en) | 1983-01-05 |
| AU545711B2 (en) | 1985-07-25 |
| AU8499782A (en) | 1982-12-23 |
| ZA823289B (en) | 1983-03-30 |
| EP0068527B1 (en) | 1984-08-01 |
| DE3260496D1 (en) | 1984-09-06 |
| DE3124146A1 (en) | 1982-12-30 |
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| MKEX | Expiry |