CA1175232A - Reactor vessel - Google Patents
Reactor vesselInfo
- Publication number
- CA1175232A CA1175232A CA000387285A CA387285A CA1175232A CA 1175232 A CA1175232 A CA 1175232A CA 000387285 A CA000387285 A CA 000387285A CA 387285 A CA387285 A CA 387285A CA 1175232 A CA1175232 A CA 1175232A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- pipes
- lining
- cooling
- container
- reactor container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A reactor container, particularly useful in gasification of fossil fuesl, comprises an inner lining of ceramic material and an outer lining layer, the layers being each provided with a coolant piping system. The lining layers are so arranged relative to each other that an annular gap exists therebetween as long as the temperature of the interior is below a predetermined operation temperature. When the full operation temperature is reached, the two layers are engaged. The cooling system of the outer layer includes pipes staggered with respect to the adjacent pipes of the inner layer to improve heat removal from the regions of the inner layer relatively remote from the respective pair of inner cooling pipes. The invention improves wear and tear resistance of the system.
A reactor container, particularly useful in gasification of fossil fuesl, comprises an inner lining of ceramic material and an outer lining layer, the layers being each provided with a coolant piping system. The lining layers are so arranged relative to each other that an annular gap exists therebetween as long as the temperature of the interior is below a predetermined operation temperature. When the full operation temperature is reached, the two layers are engaged. The cooling system of the outer layer includes pipes staggered with respect to the adjacent pipes of the inner layer to improve heat removal from the regions of the inner layer relatively remote from the respective pair of inner cooling pipes. The invention improves wear and tear resistance of the system.
Description
~ :~'7~;~3~
Reactor Container The invention concerns a reactor container with a fireproof lining, in particular for the gasification of ~ossil fuels, with an inner lining layer of ceramic material, which limits the interior of the reaction area, with an outer layer, which connects exteriorly to the ormer, and with a pipe system formed by pipe arrangements extending longitudinally of the reactor container along peripheral surfaces of different diameter, of which one runs in the outer layer.
In a known reactor container of this type, the inner lining layer consists of a tamping mass. Within this layer, no cooling pipes are provided. A second layer, connecting directly outwardly, consists of a filling and insulating material and contains two pipe arrangements, of which the inner one forms the inner face of the second layer and consists of cooling pipes welded firmly together.
The inner cooling pipes thus form a tight wall sealed around the periphery.
In the known arrangement, it is disadvantageous that the cooling pipes of the inner pipe arrangement do not enable heat expansions of the inner lining layer due to the fact that they are welded together. The reactor container, therefore, is not suitable for high operating temperatures.
When operating at temperatures of up to 1500C, it is however necessary to form the lining in such a way that it also allows major heat expansions and that the radial forces generated by the heat expansions do not unduly stress the lining and structural parts surrounding same.
It is, therefore, the object of the present in-vention, to provide a lining suitable for a reactor container of the type noted a~ the outset, which can reliably admit the relatively great heat expansions occurring on high operating temperatures and which guar~ntees sufficiently good and uniform heat dissipation from the lining.
~5~3~
In order to solve this object, it is proposed according to the invention that an inner arrangement of cooling pipes run within the inner lining layer and the cooling pipes thereof can be completely surrounded by ceramic material, that the outer layer surround, as a further lining layer, the inner lining layer under form-ation of an annular gap, which is dimensioned in radial direction such that it closes when the operating temper-ature is reached, and that at~least some pipes of the outer pipe arrangement be placed as a component of the cooling system, disposed in a peripherally staggered relationship with respect to the cooling pipes of the inner cooling pipe arrangement, such that the outer pipes coincide with radial planes disposed betwePn two ; respective inner cooling pipes.
Thus, an especially effective cooling of the inner lining layer is obtained. The inner lining layer can be formed in such a way that it can expand outward-ly until the operating temperature is reached, without having to overcome extreme resistance. When the oper-ating temperature is reached and the inner lining layer contacts the outer lining layer, the latter is, at most, only stressed by relatively slight radial forces. At the sam~ time, a heat transfer into the material of the outer lining layer is made possible so that heat can also be removed over the material of the outer lining layer by means of the exterior cooling pipe system.
7S~3~
. .
As is well ~nown, the cooling effect at the middle region between two adjacent cooling pipes of the inner cooling pipe arrangement is less than in the immediate vicinity of the cooling pipes themselves. This middle region, therefore, heats up correspondingly higher. However, the required heat removal from such areas is secured by placing respective cooling pipes of the outer lining layer into coincidence with a radial plane disposed within the respective middle region. Consequently, a uniform dis 10 tribution of the cooling effec~ results over the entire periphery of the vessel. This uniformity of heat removal - also results in a decrease in the wear and tear of the inner lining layer.
It is advantageous according to the invention if at least the inner layer of the l-ning is formed by fire-- proof bricks which have a recess at each of their sides facing a cooling pipe such that the cooling pipe engages the bricks by a part of its surface. Thus, not only the manufacture of the inner lining layer is simplified but 20 also a larger heat transfer surface is achieved between the ceramic material of the inner lining layer and the cooling pipes contained in them.
While it is not inconvenient if the inner lining layer is gas permeable, the escapement of gases through the ~` lining assembly should be prevented. This can be advantageously accomplished according to the invention t in that the cooling pipes of the outer lining layer form a cage sealed at least essentially gas-tight in peripheral direction.
The cooling pipes of the outer lining layer can, "~ for this purpose, be firmly welded with the aid of continuous stays or the like. It is, however, also con-ceivable to use finned pipes and either weld the fins themselves together or, to arrange the finned pipes in ` such a way that their fins overlap one another.
. ~ .
~ .
:, 5~3~
Furthermore, it is proposed according to the in-vention that the cooling system be used in the cooling of the lining only at the level of the main reaction area of the reactor container and that one of the cooling pipe arrangements outside of the lining be extended to the level of the inlet area of the reactor container.
The cooling system, which is required for the especially intensive cooling at the level of the main reaction area, can thus be restricted to this area. 10 The leading of the cooling system out of the lining at the level of the inlet area of the reactor container also advantageously serves the purpose of enabling a greater heating of the lining in the inlet area from the interior of the reactor container, which is frequently useful for the conveyance of chemical-physical reactions. By the same token, the portion of the cool-ing pipe arrangement, which is at the level of the inlet area, can be utilized in preventing the temperature drop between the lining and the outer pressure casing below a specific value, as the water circulating in the cooling pipes can assume the appropriate temperature.
According to a further embodiment of the in-vention, the inner and the outer arrangement of the cooling pipes can be each made a part of a different cooling circulation with separate inlets and outlets.
It is then pos~ihle to separately regulate the desired ~! cooling effect by each of the two cooling pipe arrange-ments, depending on the respective requirement.
In order to prevent the occurrence of gas flow between the lining and the outer pressure casing in the outlet area of the reactor container, it is advantageous according to the invention if an elastically yielding gas barrier extending up to the outer pressure surfaces, connects to the cooling pipes of the outer lining layer in the direction of the outlet end of the reactor container.
S~3~
The inner lining layer is subject to varying degrees of wear and tear. In order not to have to exchange the entire lining layer, it is advantageous according to the invention if at least the inner layer of an intermediate region of the lining disposed between the inlet area and the outlet area of the reactor container and including the cooling pipes, i5 formed as a one-piece or multisectional structural unit which can be inserted into the adjacent areas and is struc-lQ~ turally essentially independent of ~hese areas.
The term "intermediate region" refers always to that section of the lining which includes the level wherein the main reactions occur in the interior of ; the reactor container.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic longitudinal sectional view of a reactor container;
Figure 2 is a partial section, II-II of Fig. l;
and Figure 3 is a partial section corresponding to the illustration according to Figure 2 but showing a modified formation of the outer cooling pipe arrangement.
The reactor container is vertically arranged and has a container inlet 10 at the top, through which the reaction components are charged. At the lower end, a container outlet 11 is located, which is connected with plant parts disposed thereafter and not shown in the drawings.
~ ~75;~3~
The reactor container has a pressure resistant outer casing 12 made of steel and a fireproof lining which limits the container interior 13. The lining is comprised of several layers. An inner layer 14 consists of bricks 15 and cooling pipes 16, extending essentially in vertical direction, as is shown in Figure 3. Between each pair of adjacent cooling pipes 16, two bricks 15 are inserted corresponding to the illustration according to Figure 2. Each brick 15 has an approximately semi-- 10 circular groove or depression at its side turned to a cooling pipe 16, into which depression the respective cooling pipe 16 engages with a par~ of its surface. The cooling pipes 16 thus simultaneously form a structural support for the bricks 15.
The inner layer 14 is surrounded by an annular gap 17, limited, at the exterior, by an outer layer 18 of the lining. The radial width of the gap 17 is of a size which corresponds in radial direction to the size of the anticipated expansion of the inner layer 14.
On reaching the operating temperature, the bricks 15 are therefore adjacent to and in contact with the outer layer 18. The outer layer includes cooling pipes 19 connected by plates 20 to a cage sealed around the periphery. The interior of this cage is lined with fireproof material in form of a packing mass 21.
As can be seen particularly in Figure 2, each second cooling pipe 19 is an intermediate pipe disposed approximately in the middle of the arc corrésponding to the distance between two adjacent inner cooling pipes 16. The intermediate cooling pipes 19 are of special importance for equalization of heat removal from the inner layer 14. The remaining cooling pipes 19, which are each on generally the same radius with the cooling pipes ; 16, are provided, primarily to secure a reserve of cooling output in the event the cooling system formed L7S23~:
by the inner cooling pipes 16 breaks down partially or completely as a result of unforeseen failures or damages. On the ~hole, therefore, the heat transfer surfaces of the outer cooling system are larger than those of the inner cooling system.
The cooling pipes 16 of the inner cooling pipe arrangement are held by brackets 22, distributed around the periphery, namely, with the aid of retaining plates 23 extending in radial direction and retaining angles 24 to which the cooling pipes 16 are welded. The outer cooling pipes 19 are also welded together to the re-taining plates 23 and are additionally connected by retaining angles 25 with the brackets 22.
The cooling system formed by the inner cooling pipes 16 is subdivided over the periphery into indiv-idual sections, of which each is attached to a central coolant supply over inlets 26 and outlets 27 extending radially outward. This sectional subdivision also corresponds on the whole to the structural formation of the lining insofar as these sections represent structural units which can be individually replaced (inclusive the respective bricks), if required.
As can be seen in Figure 1, the inner cooling system formed by the cooling pipes 16 extends only over that area of the container interior 13 which can be regarded as the main reaction area. At the level of the inlet region near the container inlet 10, only the inner layer 14 of the lining is present. This one, however, does not have a cooling system because it can be practical for chemical-physical reactions of the layer 14 is heated from the inside to the greatest possible degree at this level.
~L~'75~3;~
. .
The outer cooling pipes 19 are raised up to the level of the inlet area, but are disposed outside of the layer 14 and eventually discharge into an upper ring collector 28, which simultaneousl~ holds the pipe system.
The free sections of the cooling pipes 19 in this area assure that the temperature between the layer 14 and the outer pressure casing 12 cannot drop below the dewpoint temperature.
The region of the reactor container, at the container outlet 11 is structured similarly, as in such ` region the innler layer of the lining is also free of cooling pipes. The outer cooling pipes 19, in comparison to the cooling pipes 16, extend downward to a further ring collector 29 with which they communicate. The ` outer cooling system is subdivided over the periphery into sector-shaped segments. Each section of the outer cooling system has an inlet 30 and an outlet 31, connected with a central coolant supply. In the latter, the control of the coolant temperature and quan~ity is ef~ected.
Generally, water can be used as the coolant.
; The outer region of the container interior 13, at the container outlet 11, forms a cross-sectional reduction or contraction, the cooling is effected by means of a further ring collector 31, which is also attached to a central coolant supply over an inlet 33 and an outlet 34. Figure 1 shows`that the ring collector 32 rests on brackets 35 distributed over the ` periphery of the container, whereby a slight radial displacement of the collector 32 is made possible, to equalize heat expansion occurring during the operation.
or this purpose, elastic connecting links 36 are also inserted respectively between the ring collector 32, on the one hand, and the inlet 33 and the outlet 34, on the other hand.
.
.
5~3~
In the lower portion of Figure 1, gas barriers 37 can also be seen which consist of elastic plates and which should prevent the passage of gases into the part between the lining and the casing 12.
In the described embodiment, the reactor container has then an inner and an outer cooling system, which can, if necessary, be regulated independent of each other.
The sectional subdivision over the periphery further enables the disconnection of individual sections in the event of unforeseen failures Or damages, which is particularly important for the inner cooling system formed by the cooling pipes 16. In particular, as soon as the cooling pipes 16 are exposed to a direct heat influence, they can very quickly become damaged and pervious. By disconnecting the respective section, an afterflow of the cooling medium into the container interior 13 can be prevented.
If required, the cooling effect provided by the ring collector 32 can also be regulated independent of the two other cooling systems.
As shown in Figure 3, the described embodiment can be modified by forming the outer cooling system by finned pipes 38, whose fins are dimensioned and arranged in such a way that they partially overlap. In this way, gaps, located approximately in the finned plane and not visible in Figure 3, are formed. The finned pipes 38 can, therefore, shift at least slightly against one another for the equalization of different heat expansions, without allowing direct heat radiation to penetrate out-wardly in the event of damage to the inner layer 14.While with the arrangement according to Figure 2 the outer cooling pipe arrangement can form an ~31 ';JSZ3Z
absolutely gas-tight casing, the embodiment according to Figure 3 can be regarded as merely substatially gas-tight but allowing a slight dis-placement of the finned pipes 38 against one another for the e~ualization of varied heat expansions.
., . -
Reactor Container The invention concerns a reactor container with a fireproof lining, in particular for the gasification of ~ossil fuels, with an inner lining layer of ceramic material, which limits the interior of the reaction area, with an outer layer, which connects exteriorly to the ormer, and with a pipe system formed by pipe arrangements extending longitudinally of the reactor container along peripheral surfaces of different diameter, of which one runs in the outer layer.
In a known reactor container of this type, the inner lining layer consists of a tamping mass. Within this layer, no cooling pipes are provided. A second layer, connecting directly outwardly, consists of a filling and insulating material and contains two pipe arrangements, of which the inner one forms the inner face of the second layer and consists of cooling pipes welded firmly together.
The inner cooling pipes thus form a tight wall sealed around the periphery.
In the known arrangement, it is disadvantageous that the cooling pipes of the inner pipe arrangement do not enable heat expansions of the inner lining layer due to the fact that they are welded together. The reactor container, therefore, is not suitable for high operating temperatures.
When operating at temperatures of up to 1500C, it is however necessary to form the lining in such a way that it also allows major heat expansions and that the radial forces generated by the heat expansions do not unduly stress the lining and structural parts surrounding same.
It is, therefore, the object of the present in-vention, to provide a lining suitable for a reactor container of the type noted a~ the outset, which can reliably admit the relatively great heat expansions occurring on high operating temperatures and which guar~ntees sufficiently good and uniform heat dissipation from the lining.
~5~3~
In order to solve this object, it is proposed according to the invention that an inner arrangement of cooling pipes run within the inner lining layer and the cooling pipes thereof can be completely surrounded by ceramic material, that the outer layer surround, as a further lining layer, the inner lining layer under form-ation of an annular gap, which is dimensioned in radial direction such that it closes when the operating temper-ature is reached, and that at~least some pipes of the outer pipe arrangement be placed as a component of the cooling system, disposed in a peripherally staggered relationship with respect to the cooling pipes of the inner cooling pipe arrangement, such that the outer pipes coincide with radial planes disposed betwePn two ; respective inner cooling pipes.
Thus, an especially effective cooling of the inner lining layer is obtained. The inner lining layer can be formed in such a way that it can expand outward-ly until the operating temperature is reached, without having to overcome extreme resistance. When the oper-ating temperature is reached and the inner lining layer contacts the outer lining layer, the latter is, at most, only stressed by relatively slight radial forces. At the sam~ time, a heat transfer into the material of the outer lining layer is made possible so that heat can also be removed over the material of the outer lining layer by means of the exterior cooling pipe system.
7S~3~
. .
As is well ~nown, the cooling effect at the middle region between two adjacent cooling pipes of the inner cooling pipe arrangement is less than in the immediate vicinity of the cooling pipes themselves. This middle region, therefore, heats up correspondingly higher. However, the required heat removal from such areas is secured by placing respective cooling pipes of the outer lining layer into coincidence with a radial plane disposed within the respective middle region. Consequently, a uniform dis 10 tribution of the cooling effec~ results over the entire periphery of the vessel. This uniformity of heat removal - also results in a decrease in the wear and tear of the inner lining layer.
It is advantageous according to the invention if at least the inner layer of the l-ning is formed by fire-- proof bricks which have a recess at each of their sides facing a cooling pipe such that the cooling pipe engages the bricks by a part of its surface. Thus, not only the manufacture of the inner lining layer is simplified but 20 also a larger heat transfer surface is achieved between the ceramic material of the inner lining layer and the cooling pipes contained in them.
While it is not inconvenient if the inner lining layer is gas permeable, the escapement of gases through the ~` lining assembly should be prevented. This can be advantageously accomplished according to the invention t in that the cooling pipes of the outer lining layer form a cage sealed at least essentially gas-tight in peripheral direction.
The cooling pipes of the outer lining layer can, "~ for this purpose, be firmly welded with the aid of continuous stays or the like. It is, however, also con-ceivable to use finned pipes and either weld the fins themselves together or, to arrange the finned pipes in ` such a way that their fins overlap one another.
. ~ .
~ .
:, 5~3~
Furthermore, it is proposed according to the in-vention that the cooling system be used in the cooling of the lining only at the level of the main reaction area of the reactor container and that one of the cooling pipe arrangements outside of the lining be extended to the level of the inlet area of the reactor container.
The cooling system, which is required for the especially intensive cooling at the level of the main reaction area, can thus be restricted to this area. 10 The leading of the cooling system out of the lining at the level of the inlet area of the reactor container also advantageously serves the purpose of enabling a greater heating of the lining in the inlet area from the interior of the reactor container, which is frequently useful for the conveyance of chemical-physical reactions. By the same token, the portion of the cool-ing pipe arrangement, which is at the level of the inlet area, can be utilized in preventing the temperature drop between the lining and the outer pressure casing below a specific value, as the water circulating in the cooling pipes can assume the appropriate temperature.
According to a further embodiment of the in-vention, the inner and the outer arrangement of the cooling pipes can be each made a part of a different cooling circulation with separate inlets and outlets.
It is then pos~ihle to separately regulate the desired ~! cooling effect by each of the two cooling pipe arrange-ments, depending on the respective requirement.
In order to prevent the occurrence of gas flow between the lining and the outer pressure casing in the outlet area of the reactor container, it is advantageous according to the invention if an elastically yielding gas barrier extending up to the outer pressure surfaces, connects to the cooling pipes of the outer lining layer in the direction of the outlet end of the reactor container.
S~3~
The inner lining layer is subject to varying degrees of wear and tear. In order not to have to exchange the entire lining layer, it is advantageous according to the invention if at least the inner layer of an intermediate region of the lining disposed between the inlet area and the outlet area of the reactor container and including the cooling pipes, i5 formed as a one-piece or multisectional structural unit which can be inserted into the adjacent areas and is struc-lQ~ turally essentially independent of ~hese areas.
The term "intermediate region" refers always to that section of the lining which includes the level wherein the main reactions occur in the interior of ; the reactor container.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic longitudinal sectional view of a reactor container;
Figure 2 is a partial section, II-II of Fig. l;
and Figure 3 is a partial section corresponding to the illustration according to Figure 2 but showing a modified formation of the outer cooling pipe arrangement.
The reactor container is vertically arranged and has a container inlet 10 at the top, through which the reaction components are charged. At the lower end, a container outlet 11 is located, which is connected with plant parts disposed thereafter and not shown in the drawings.
~ ~75;~3~
The reactor container has a pressure resistant outer casing 12 made of steel and a fireproof lining which limits the container interior 13. The lining is comprised of several layers. An inner layer 14 consists of bricks 15 and cooling pipes 16, extending essentially in vertical direction, as is shown in Figure 3. Between each pair of adjacent cooling pipes 16, two bricks 15 are inserted corresponding to the illustration according to Figure 2. Each brick 15 has an approximately semi-- 10 circular groove or depression at its side turned to a cooling pipe 16, into which depression the respective cooling pipe 16 engages with a par~ of its surface. The cooling pipes 16 thus simultaneously form a structural support for the bricks 15.
The inner layer 14 is surrounded by an annular gap 17, limited, at the exterior, by an outer layer 18 of the lining. The radial width of the gap 17 is of a size which corresponds in radial direction to the size of the anticipated expansion of the inner layer 14.
On reaching the operating temperature, the bricks 15 are therefore adjacent to and in contact with the outer layer 18. The outer layer includes cooling pipes 19 connected by plates 20 to a cage sealed around the periphery. The interior of this cage is lined with fireproof material in form of a packing mass 21.
As can be seen particularly in Figure 2, each second cooling pipe 19 is an intermediate pipe disposed approximately in the middle of the arc corrésponding to the distance between two adjacent inner cooling pipes 16. The intermediate cooling pipes 19 are of special importance for equalization of heat removal from the inner layer 14. The remaining cooling pipes 19, which are each on generally the same radius with the cooling pipes ; 16, are provided, primarily to secure a reserve of cooling output in the event the cooling system formed L7S23~:
by the inner cooling pipes 16 breaks down partially or completely as a result of unforeseen failures or damages. On the ~hole, therefore, the heat transfer surfaces of the outer cooling system are larger than those of the inner cooling system.
The cooling pipes 16 of the inner cooling pipe arrangement are held by brackets 22, distributed around the periphery, namely, with the aid of retaining plates 23 extending in radial direction and retaining angles 24 to which the cooling pipes 16 are welded. The outer cooling pipes 19 are also welded together to the re-taining plates 23 and are additionally connected by retaining angles 25 with the brackets 22.
The cooling system formed by the inner cooling pipes 16 is subdivided over the periphery into indiv-idual sections, of which each is attached to a central coolant supply over inlets 26 and outlets 27 extending radially outward. This sectional subdivision also corresponds on the whole to the structural formation of the lining insofar as these sections represent structural units which can be individually replaced (inclusive the respective bricks), if required.
As can be seen in Figure 1, the inner cooling system formed by the cooling pipes 16 extends only over that area of the container interior 13 which can be regarded as the main reaction area. At the level of the inlet region near the container inlet 10, only the inner layer 14 of the lining is present. This one, however, does not have a cooling system because it can be practical for chemical-physical reactions of the layer 14 is heated from the inside to the greatest possible degree at this level.
~L~'75~3;~
. .
The outer cooling pipes 19 are raised up to the level of the inlet area, but are disposed outside of the layer 14 and eventually discharge into an upper ring collector 28, which simultaneousl~ holds the pipe system.
The free sections of the cooling pipes 19 in this area assure that the temperature between the layer 14 and the outer pressure casing 12 cannot drop below the dewpoint temperature.
The region of the reactor container, at the container outlet 11 is structured similarly, as in such ` region the innler layer of the lining is also free of cooling pipes. The outer cooling pipes 19, in comparison to the cooling pipes 16, extend downward to a further ring collector 29 with which they communicate. The ` outer cooling system is subdivided over the periphery into sector-shaped segments. Each section of the outer cooling system has an inlet 30 and an outlet 31, connected with a central coolant supply. In the latter, the control of the coolant temperature and quan~ity is ef~ected.
Generally, water can be used as the coolant.
; The outer region of the container interior 13, at the container outlet 11, forms a cross-sectional reduction or contraction, the cooling is effected by means of a further ring collector 31, which is also attached to a central coolant supply over an inlet 33 and an outlet 34. Figure 1 shows`that the ring collector 32 rests on brackets 35 distributed over the ` periphery of the container, whereby a slight radial displacement of the collector 32 is made possible, to equalize heat expansion occurring during the operation.
or this purpose, elastic connecting links 36 are also inserted respectively between the ring collector 32, on the one hand, and the inlet 33 and the outlet 34, on the other hand.
.
.
5~3~
In the lower portion of Figure 1, gas barriers 37 can also be seen which consist of elastic plates and which should prevent the passage of gases into the part between the lining and the casing 12.
In the described embodiment, the reactor container has then an inner and an outer cooling system, which can, if necessary, be regulated independent of each other.
The sectional subdivision over the periphery further enables the disconnection of individual sections in the event of unforeseen failures Or damages, which is particularly important for the inner cooling system formed by the cooling pipes 16. In particular, as soon as the cooling pipes 16 are exposed to a direct heat influence, they can very quickly become damaged and pervious. By disconnecting the respective section, an afterflow of the cooling medium into the container interior 13 can be prevented.
If required, the cooling effect provided by the ring collector 32 can also be regulated independent of the two other cooling systems.
As shown in Figure 3, the described embodiment can be modified by forming the outer cooling system by finned pipes 38, whose fins are dimensioned and arranged in such a way that they partially overlap. In this way, gaps, located approximately in the finned plane and not visible in Figure 3, are formed. The finned pipes 38 can, therefore, shift at least slightly against one another for the equalization of different heat expansions, without allowing direct heat radiation to penetrate out-wardly in the event of damage to the inner layer 14.While with the arrangement according to Figure 2 the outer cooling pipe arrangement can form an ~31 ';JSZ3Z
absolutely gas-tight casing, the embodiment according to Figure 3 can be regarded as merely substatially gas-tight but allowing a slight dis-placement of the finned pipes 38 against one another for the e~ualization of varied heat expansions.
., . -
Claims (8)
1. A reactor container of the type including an inlet region and an outlet region, a fireproof lining formed of an inner layer of ceramic material limiting the interior of said container, of an exterior layer surrounding the inner layer, and of a cooling pipe system operatively associated with said lining, wherein:
(a) said pipe system includes an inner pipe arrangement disposed within said inner layer and having cooling pipes surrounded by the ceramic material;
(b) said pipe system further includes an outer pipe arrangement coincident with said exterior layer;
(c) said exterior layer and said inner layer are spaced from each other to form an annular gap therebetween when the temperature inside the container is below a predetermined operating temperature, and to contact each other when the temperature inside the container has reached the operating temperature;
(d) the pipes of both of said pipe arrangement extend longitudinally of said container in coincidence with respective planes disposed generally radially relative to the container and to said layers; and (e) said outer pipe arrangement including a plurality of pipes whose plane of coincidence is disposed generally centrally between the planes of coincidence of two adjacent pipes of the inner pipe arrangement.
(a) said pipe system includes an inner pipe arrangement disposed within said inner layer and having cooling pipes surrounded by the ceramic material;
(b) said pipe system further includes an outer pipe arrangement coincident with said exterior layer;
(c) said exterior layer and said inner layer are spaced from each other to form an annular gap therebetween when the temperature inside the container is below a predetermined operating temperature, and to contact each other when the temperature inside the container has reached the operating temperature;
(d) the pipes of both of said pipe arrangement extend longitudinally of said container in coincidence with respective planes disposed generally radially relative to the container and to said layers; and (e) said outer pipe arrangement including a plurality of pipes whose plane of coincidence is disposed generally centrally between the planes of coincidence of two adjacent pipes of the inner pipe arrangement.
2. A reactor container according to claim 1, wherein the inner layer of the lining is formed by fireproof bricks having a depression at each of their sides facing respective cooling pipe, into which the respect-ive cooling pipe engages with a part of its surface.
3. A reactor container according to claim 1 or 2, wherein pipes of the exterior layer form a cage which is substantially gas-tight in radial direction.
4. A reactor container according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cooling pipe system serves as the cooling of the lining at a level near a main reaction area of the reactor container, one of the said cooling pipe arrange-ments extending out of the lining up to a level of an inlet region of the container.
5. A reactor container according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cooling pipes are formed as finned pipes, and wherein fins of adjacent finned pipes overlap at least partially to form a gap between each pair of overlapped fins, the gap being approximately parallel to the plane of the respective fins.
6. A reactor container according to claim 1 or 2, wherein pipes of the exterior layer form a cage which is substantially gas-tight in radial direction, an elastically yielding gas barrier extending to an outer pressure jacket of the container at an outlet region of the container being connected to the cooling pipes of the outer pipe arrangement.
7. A reactor container according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein at least the inner layer of a middle area of the lining, located between the inlet region and the outlet region of the reactor container and including the inner pipe arrangement, is formed as a one-piece structural unit adapted to be inserted between adjoining regions and being structurally essentially independent of said adjoin-ing regions.
8. A reactor container according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein at least the inner layer of a middle area of the lining, located between the inlet region and the out-let region of the reactor container and including the inner pipe arrangement, is formed as a multisectional structural unit adapted to be inserted between adjoining regions and being structurally essentially independent of said adjoining regions.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000387285A CA1175232A (en) | 1981-10-05 | 1981-10-05 | Reactor vessel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000387285A CA1175232A (en) | 1981-10-05 | 1981-10-05 | Reactor vessel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1175232A true CA1175232A (en) | 1984-10-02 |
Family
ID=4121084
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000387285A Expired CA1175232A (en) | 1981-10-05 | 1981-10-05 | Reactor vessel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1175232A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-10-05 CA CA000387285A patent/CA1175232A/en not_active Expired
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