CA1173872A - Plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal - Google Patents
Plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal sealInfo
- Publication number
- CA1173872A CA1173872A CA000384234A CA384234A CA1173872A CA 1173872 A CA1173872 A CA 1173872A CA 000384234 A CA000384234 A CA 000384234A CA 384234 A CA384234 A CA 384234A CA 1173872 A CA1173872 A CA 1173872A
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- centrifugal
- magnetic
- seal
- plural
- Prior art date
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal is provided for hermetically sealing the space between a rotated shaft member and a close fitting spaced-apart stationary housing wherein the housing and the shaft are shaped to provide magnetic pole-like close clearance gap regions between their opposed surfaces. A high viscosity ferromagnetic fluid normally is disposed in the magnetic gap region with the rotating shaft member at rest and at low rotational speeds. A permanent magnet or electromagnet is provided which forms a closed magnetic circuit through the magnetic gap region with the high viscosity ferromagnetic fluid. A circumferentially arranged centrifugal seal forming region is radially disposed outward from the magnetic gap region and is located between the ro-tatable shaft and the stationary housing member. A low viscosity centirfugal sealing fluid is disposed in the centrifugal seal forming region and is centrifugally thrown outwardly during high speed rotation of the rotating shaft member to form a centrifugal hermetic seal between the rotating shaft member and the housing at high rotational speeds of the rotating member. The seal is designed to pro-vide a reservoir for the ferromagnetic sealing fluid in a space intermediate the rotating shaft member and the stationary housing member for collecting the ferromagnetic fluid during high speed rotation of the rotating shaft so as to keep the two different viscosity sealing fluids isolated one from the other is separate but communicating spaces. In certain designs it is possible to use the lubricating oil of an apparatus or machine as the low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid by providing fluid passageways between the machine lubricating oil cooling and supply system and the centrifugal seal region whereby the centrifugal seal serves as an auxillary lubricating oil pump for pumping the lubricating oil from the centrifugal seal region to a lubricating oil reservoir that comprises a part of the lubricating oil supply system. Such an arrangement can be included in combination with a conventional pressurized labyrinth seal positioned on the rotating member adjacent the plural fluid magnetic/
centrifugal seal in a location between the plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal and a hostile high pressure atmospher
A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal is provided for hermetically sealing the space between a rotated shaft member and a close fitting spaced-apart stationary housing wherein the housing and the shaft are shaped to provide magnetic pole-like close clearance gap regions between their opposed surfaces. A high viscosity ferromagnetic fluid normally is disposed in the magnetic gap region with the rotating shaft member at rest and at low rotational speeds. A permanent magnet or electromagnet is provided which forms a closed magnetic circuit through the magnetic gap region with the high viscosity ferromagnetic fluid. A circumferentially arranged centrifugal seal forming region is radially disposed outward from the magnetic gap region and is located between the ro-tatable shaft and the stationary housing member. A low viscosity centirfugal sealing fluid is disposed in the centrifugal seal forming region and is centrifugally thrown outwardly during high speed rotation of the rotating shaft member to form a centrifugal hermetic seal between the rotating shaft member and the housing at high rotational speeds of the rotating member. The seal is designed to pro-vide a reservoir for the ferromagnetic sealing fluid in a space intermediate the rotating shaft member and the stationary housing member for collecting the ferromagnetic fluid during high speed rotation of the rotating shaft so as to keep the two different viscosity sealing fluids isolated one from the other is separate but communicating spaces. In certain designs it is possible to use the lubricating oil of an apparatus or machine as the low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid by providing fluid passageways between the machine lubricating oil cooling and supply system and the centrifugal seal region whereby the centrifugal seal serves as an auxillary lubricating oil pump for pumping the lubricating oil from the centrifugal seal region to a lubricating oil reservoir that comprises a part of the lubricating oil supply system. Such an arrangement can be included in combination with a conventional pressurized labyrinth seal positioned on the rotating member adjacent the plural fluid magnetic/
centrifugal seal in a location between the plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal and a hostile high pressure atmospher
Description
~73t3'7~
PLURAL FLUID MAGNETIC/CENTRIFUGAL SEAL
.
BACKGROUND_OF THE IN~ENTION
Field of Invention . _ This invention relates to a novel plural fluid combined magnetic/centrifual seal.
More particularly, this invention relates to a novel combined centrifugal and magnetic seal structure which employs separate, different viscosity fluids for use during separate magnetic seal and centrifugal seal operating modes of the structure whereby each seal complements the other at different rotational speeds. The plural fluid/magnetic/centrifugal seal makes it possible for the design parameters of each sPal stage, though coacting over a complete speed range, to be substantially independent one from the other and optimilzed design criteria can be employed in the construction of the two cooperating seals.
Background of Invention . .
A combined magnetic/centrifugal seal is described and claimed in United States Patent 4,304,411 issued December 8, 1981 for a "Magnetic/Centrifugal-Fluid Seal"
in the name of Donald F~ Wilcock et al and assigned to Mechanical Technologyr Inc. I'he combined magnetic/
centrifugal seal disclosed said patent employs a ferromagnetic fluid which in conjunction with a magnetic seal gap region of the structure, provides ~173~37~
magnetic sealing for speed ranges from zero to rota-tional speeds of about 2000 revolutions per minute (rpm). At higher rotational speeds above about
PLURAL FLUID MAGNETIC/CENTRIFUGAL SEAL
.
BACKGROUND_OF THE IN~ENTION
Field of Invention . _ This invention relates to a novel plural fluid combined magnetic/centrifual seal.
More particularly, this invention relates to a novel combined centrifugal and magnetic seal structure which employs separate, different viscosity fluids for use during separate magnetic seal and centrifugal seal operating modes of the structure whereby each seal complements the other at different rotational speeds. The plural fluid/magnetic/centrifugal seal makes it possible for the design parameters of each sPal stage, though coacting over a complete speed range, to be substantially independent one from the other and optimilzed design criteria can be employed in the construction of the two cooperating seals.
Background of Invention . .
A combined magnetic/centrifugal seal is described and claimed in United States Patent 4,304,411 issued December 8, 1981 for a "Magnetic/Centrifugal-Fluid Seal"
in the name of Donald F~ Wilcock et al and assigned to Mechanical Technologyr Inc. I'he combined magnetic/
centrifugal seal disclosed said patent employs a ferromagnetic fluid which in conjunction with a magnetic seal gap region of the structure, provides ~173~37~
magnetic sealing for speed ranges from zero to rota-tional speeds of about 2000 revolutions per minute (rpm). At higher rotational speeds above about
2,000 rpm the same ferromagnetic fluid provides through centrifugal effects on the fluid a centrifugal sealing action for speed ranges from about 2000 rpm to 20,000 rpm~ At the higher rotational speeds, however, cooling of the ferromagnetic sealing fluid is required in order that its magnetic sealing capabilities not be adversely affected by the high temperatures encountered at higher rotational speeds.
It will be appreciated therefore that the upper rotational speeds at which the combined magnetic/
centrifugal seals of the type described in the aforementioned patent can be driven, in effect is limited by the temperature characteristicsof the ferro-magnetic fluid and the ability to design into the seal structure effective cooling for the ferro-magnetic fluid. To overcome these limitations, the present lnvention was devised.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
... . _ , . _ .
It is therefore a primary object of the invention to provide a new and improved plural fluid combined magnetic/centrifugal hermetic seal which employs separate sealing fluids to effect both magnetic and centrific hermet:ic sealing at different rotational speed ranges.
A feature of the invention is the provision of a new and improved plural fluid, combined magnetic/
centrifugal hermetic seal capable of operation over a speed range e~tending from zero to over 100,000 rpm.
Another feature of the invention made possible by the plural fluid combined magnetic/centrifugal seal is that it produces less heat at higher rota-~L1';~3~37~
tional speeds thereby avoiding the need for the installation of water cooling jacekts and the like for those applications where the installation of such cooling capability is not feasible.
Still another feature of the invention is the provision of a seal having much lower power loss at higher rotational speeds due to the lower viscosity of the centrifugal sealing fluid.
Still another feature of the invention is the pro~ision of a plural fluid, combined magnetic/centrifugal seal which provides a 100~ hermetic seal over the entire speed range at which it is designed to operate and which is double acting, that is, the high pressure atmosphere PH acting on the seal can be on either side of the seal at any time during operation.
A furthe~ feature of the invention is the provision of a plural fluid combined magnetic/
centrifugal seal which does not leak during the transition from magnetic to centrifugal sealing and vice versa due to the diff~rences in viscosity of the high viscosity ferromagnetic sealing fluid and the low viscosity centri~ugal sealing fluid.
Because of the differences in viscosity, density and shearing forces, the low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid separates and is flung centrifugally outward at lower rotational speeds than the higher viscosity ferromagnetic sealing fluid while going through the transition from low rotational speeds to high rotational speeds. Conversely, during slow down from higher rotational speeds to ~ower rotational speeds~ the higher viscosity ferromagnetic fluid and lower shearing force acting thereon, causes it to break off and reform the magnetic seal well in advance of the break-up of the lowex viscosity ~173~37i~
centrifugal sealing fluid. .Thus, there is an o~erlap transition period during which hermetic sealing is provided by both the magnetic sealing fluid and the centrifugal sealing fluid during the critical transitional speeds.
A.still further feature of the invention i5 the ability to optimally design the magnetic seal arrange-ment to withstand high pressure differentials by reason of the fact that the design of the magnetic., seal stage is not restricted by volume/ratio considera-ti-ons dictated by an associated centrifugal seal stage. The same observation is true of the design ~ of the centrifugal seal stage whereby flexibility of design of both the magnetic seal and the centrifugal seal is made.possible due to the fact that each operates independently of the other.' . As a consequence of the advantages listed in ; - the preceding paragraphs, the problem of leakage during transition from magneti~,to centrifugal sealing ! .20 and vice versa can be readily overcome in any seal configuration.since e~ch sealing stage operates ind,ependently of the other and the viscosities, de~sities and shearing forces acting on the respective ferromagnetic'and centrifugal sealing fluids can be appropriately tailored to provide any desired over~
lapping sealing period during transition under conditions where the load capacity (~P2) is propor-tional to the'density of:the centrifugal fl~id, rotor speed ~, and the $1uid leveI dif~er;ence ~etwee'n the ' low p~essu~e side, and the high pressuXe 'side.
In pract'icing the invention a plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal is provided for hermeti-cally sealing the space between a rotating shaft member in a close'fitting spaced-apart stationary
It will be appreciated therefore that the upper rotational speeds at which the combined magnetic/
centrifugal seals of the type described in the aforementioned patent can be driven, in effect is limited by the temperature characteristicsof the ferro-magnetic fluid and the ability to design into the seal structure effective cooling for the ferro-magnetic fluid. To overcome these limitations, the present lnvention was devised.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
... . _ , . _ .
It is therefore a primary object of the invention to provide a new and improved plural fluid combined magnetic/centrifugal hermetic seal which employs separate sealing fluids to effect both magnetic and centrific hermet:ic sealing at different rotational speed ranges.
A feature of the invention is the provision of a new and improved plural fluid, combined magnetic/
centrifugal hermetic seal capable of operation over a speed range e~tending from zero to over 100,000 rpm.
Another feature of the invention made possible by the plural fluid combined magnetic/centrifugal seal is that it produces less heat at higher rota-~L1';~3~37~
tional speeds thereby avoiding the need for the installation of water cooling jacekts and the like for those applications where the installation of such cooling capability is not feasible.
Still another feature of the invention is the provision of a seal having much lower power loss at higher rotational speeds due to the lower viscosity of the centrifugal sealing fluid.
Still another feature of the invention is the pro~ision of a plural fluid, combined magnetic/centrifugal seal which provides a 100~ hermetic seal over the entire speed range at which it is designed to operate and which is double acting, that is, the high pressure atmosphere PH acting on the seal can be on either side of the seal at any time during operation.
A furthe~ feature of the invention is the provision of a plural fluid combined magnetic/
centrifugal seal which does not leak during the transition from magnetic to centrifugal sealing and vice versa due to the diff~rences in viscosity of the high viscosity ferromagnetic sealing fluid and the low viscosity centri~ugal sealing fluid.
Because of the differences in viscosity, density and shearing forces, the low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid separates and is flung centrifugally outward at lower rotational speeds than the higher viscosity ferromagnetic sealing fluid while going through the transition from low rotational speeds to high rotational speeds. Conversely, during slow down from higher rotational speeds to ~ower rotational speeds~ the higher viscosity ferromagnetic fluid and lower shearing force acting thereon, causes it to break off and reform the magnetic seal well in advance of the break-up of the lowex viscosity ~173~37i~
centrifugal sealing fluid. .Thus, there is an o~erlap transition period during which hermetic sealing is provided by both the magnetic sealing fluid and the centrifugal sealing fluid during the critical transitional speeds.
A.still further feature of the invention i5 the ability to optimally design the magnetic seal arrange-ment to withstand high pressure differentials by reason of the fact that the design of the magnetic., seal stage is not restricted by volume/ratio considera-ti-ons dictated by an associated centrifugal seal stage. The same observation is true of the design ~ of the centrifugal seal stage whereby flexibility of design of both the magnetic seal and the centrifugal seal is made.possible due to the fact that each operates independently of the other.' . As a consequence of the advantages listed in ; - the preceding paragraphs, the problem of leakage during transition from magneti~,to centrifugal sealing ! .20 and vice versa can be readily overcome in any seal configuration.since e~ch sealing stage operates ind,ependently of the other and the viscosities, de~sities and shearing forces acting on the respective ferromagnetic'and centrifugal sealing fluids can be appropriately tailored to provide any desired over~
lapping sealing period during transition under conditions where the load capacity (~P2) is propor-tional to the'density of:the centrifugal fl~id, rotor speed ~, and the $1uid leveI dif~er;ence ~etwee'n the ' low p~essu~e side, and the high pressuXe 'side.
In pract'icing the invention a plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal is provided for hermeti-cally sealing the space between a rotating shaft member in a close'fitting spaced-apart stationary
3~ housing mem~er. The seal comprises means formed ~:173~
on members defining at least one magnetic pole-like close clearance magnetic seal gap region between opposed surfaces of ~wo members. A high viscosity magnetically permeable, ferromagnetic fluid normally is disposed in the magnetic seal gap region with the rotating shaft member at rest or at low rotational speeds. Magnetic field producing means are mag-netically coupled to at least portions of the ro-tating shaft and stationary housing members so as to include the magnetic seal gap region and the high viscosity magnetically permeable ferromagnetic fluid in a closed magnetic circuit. A circumferen-tially arranged centrifugal seal forming region is radially disposed outwardly from the magnetic seal gap region and is located between the rotating shaft and stationary housing members. Means are provided in communication with the centri~ugal seal forming region for receiving and pooling a low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid with the centrifugal sealing fluid being centrifugally thrown outwardly during rotation of the rotating shaft member into the centrifugal seal forming region so as to form a centri~ugal hermetic seal through the medium of the fluid pooled between the rotating shaft and stationary housing member by centrifugal force at higher rotational speeds of the rotating shaft member.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, a reservoir is provided for receiving the magnetically permeable ferromagnetic sealing fluid in a space intermediate the rotating shaft member and the stationary housing member. The reservoir serves to collect and pool the ferromagnetic sealing fluid during high speed rotation of the rotating shaft member so as to isolate the two different ~:173~37~
fluids one from the other in separate but communicating spaces.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the low viscosity centri'fugal sealing fluid is comprised by the lubricating oil of an apparatus or m~chine on which the plural fluid combined magnetic~centrifugal seal is installed. In such installation, the centri-fugal sealing stage is included in and comprises a part of the lubricating oil cooling and supply system of the machine or other apparatus and the centrifugal seal serves as an auxiliary lubricating oil pump used in conjunction with the main lubricating oil circulating pump for pumping the lubricating oil from 'the centrifugal seal region to a lubricating oil reservoir comprising a part of the lubricating oil supply system for the machine, for cooling the seal system or other apparatus. In such an arrangement, the installation may further include a pressurized labyrinth'buffer seal positioned on the rotating shaft member adjacent the plural fluid magneticj centrifugal seal and a hostile high pressure atmos-phere so as to form a combined two-stage labyrinth and magnetic/centrifugal seal against ~he high pressure hostile'atmosphere.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
These and other objects, features and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become better understood upon a reading of the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein similar elements in the several figures are identified by the same ref~rence character, and wherein:
Figure 1 is a partial sectional view of a new ana improved double acting plural fluid magnetic/
centrifugal hermetic seal constructed according to 31~7~
the present invention;
Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of a second form of the invention different from that of Figure 1 in that it employs an axially arrayed magnetic seal and S includes a cooling jacket for maintaining the temperature of both the magnetic sealing fluid and the centrifugal sealing fluid within prescribed limits;
Figure 3 is a partial schematic view of still a third embodiment of the invention somewhat similar to that of Figure 2 wherein the magnetic seal region is formed on a tapered portion of the shaft;
Figure 4 is a partial sectional view of still a different form of the invention wherein the lubricating oil of a machine or other apparatus is used as the centrifugal sealing fluid, and illustrates how pumping action for the lubricating oil is obtained with the vane;
Figure 5 is an operating characteristic curve for a novel plural fluid combined magnetic/centrifugal seal according to the invention, showing the speed versus differential pressure sealing capability of the structure wherein the speed of a shaft being sealed is plotted as the abscissa and the differential pressure sealing capability in pounds per s~uare inch is plotted as the ordinate;
Figure 6 is a plot of the change in viscosity versus temperature of two different ferromagnetic sealing fluids wherein the temperature is plotted as the abscissa and the changes in viscosity are plotted as the ordinate;
Figures 7 and 7A are partial schema~ic sketches showing the rotary vane of the seal structure in the at-rest condition;
~173~37~
Figure 8 is a partial, explode~ sectional view of the ferromagnetic fluid reservoir showing the details of the shoulder design of the vane.whereby slinger action is achieved; and Figure 9 is a partial schematic view of the ~igure 8 structure and illustrates certain critical dimensions.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Figur.e 1 is a partial sectional view of a novel plural fluid combined magnetic/centrifugal seal constructed according to the invention for sealing out a higher pressure exterior atmosphere indicated at P~ from the interior of a machine or other area having a somewhat lower pressure or the same pressure PL, ox vice-versa. The seal shown in Figure 1 is for a shaft indicated at 11 which is rotatably journaled in bearings (not shown) in a housing or other stationary member part of which is shown at 12. The shaft 11 includes an annular-shaped collar vane 13 keyed or otherwise secured to sh~t 11 and located within a cavity or other open space formed within housing 12~ The a~nular collar vane 13 is comprised by a larger thickness inner portion 13A having a thin vane like portion 13B secured around its outer periphery or integral therewith.
The inner thick portion 13A of collar vane 13 has its flat side surfaces opposing a plurality of magnetic pole-like teeth shown at 14A and 14B
on respective opposite sides of the thick-dimension portion 13A of the collar vane. The magnetic pole-like teeth 14A and 14B are disposed opposite the opposing flat surfaces of portion 13A so as to define a plurality of close clearance magnetic gap spaces in which are disposed a plurality of droplets of a magnetically permeable ferromagnetic ~1731~7~
fluid 15. The ferromagnetic fluid 15 preferably comprises a Diester fluid in which are suspended ferromagnetic particles and may be commercially available ferromagnetic fluid sold by Ferromagnetic Fluids, Inc., and others preferably, the ferro-magnetic fluid should be immiscible with respect to the centrifugal fluid 17 (described hereafter) and the atmospheres PH and PL. The Diester base ferromagnetic fluid is preferred because of its better temperature characteristics. The ferromag-netic fluid in the magnetic gap spaces between the ends of the pole piece teeth 14A and 14B and the opposing surfacesof:the collar vane portion 13A
are exposed to and have access to enlarged reser~oir cavities 16 having the shape of a light bulb in cross-sectional configuration but which extend around the entire periphery of the interior of the housing member 12 which surrounds the outer vane-li~e portion 13B of the collax vane. The purpose ZO of the reservoirs 16 ~ill be described more fully hereinafter with relation to the operation of the . . .
seal.
The interior portion 12A of housing member 12 is fabricated from a non-magnetic material such as copper, aluminum or alloys thereof or could eve~
compris~ a plastic material of appropriate physical strength and temperature characteristics. Besides the reservoirs 16 for the magnetic fluid 15, the interior portion 12A of the housing member includes a centrally disposed open area or casing in which the vane-like portion 13B of the annular-shap~d collar vane secured to shaft 11 rides. A finite space is provided between the vane 13B and the oppo-sing interior surfaces of the housing portion 12A
so as to form a chamber in which a centrifugal ~173~7~
sealing fluid indicated at 17 is trapped.
The centrifugal sealing fluid 17 with the shaft 11 at rest would be disposed in the lower portion of the open area or casing in which vane 13B rides as best shown in Figures 7 and 7A of the drawings.
From this condition, as shaft 11 rotates and speeds up to higher rotational speeds, centrifugal effects will force the centrifugal fluid from the position shown at 17A out to the position at 17 if there is a aP across the seal, thereby effecting a centrifugal seal within the region. As readily determined from an examination of Figure 1, the centrifugal seal region 17 is radially disposed outwardly from the magnetic seal region defined by the close clearance magnetic gap spacing between the ends of the pole pieces 14A and 14B which oppose the flat side ; surfaces of the larger thickness porti~n 13A of the collar vane.
The exterior peripheral portions 12 of the stationary housing member 12 that surround the inter-nal non-magnetic portion 12A is fabricated from a magnetically susceptible material such as stainless steel, iron or the like. This magnetically sus-cepti~le portion 12B of housing member 12 is generally in the shape of an automobile tire which surrounds the rotatable shaft 11 and is horseshoe-shaped in -cross section with the inner ends thereof being turned inwardly towards each other so as to form the pole pieces 14A and 14B opposing the flat side surfaces of the enlarged thickness portion 14A
of the annular-shaped collar vane 13. A permanent magnet shown at 18 is mounted as an insert in the rim or outer peripheral surface of this magnetically permeable housing portion 12B. By this construction, a closed magnetic path is formed via the permanent 11'73~
magnet 18, the outer side portions 12B of the housing structure 12, the pole piece teeth 14A and 14B, the ferromagnetic fluid 15 and the enlarged thickness portion 13A of collar vane 13 which is formed ~rom magnetically susceptible material. Vane portion 13B
preferably is non-magnetic and is not included in this closed magnetic path.
As mentioned earlier, during high speed rotation of the shaft 11 (and accordingly the vane 13B of annular collar vane 13 which is secured to shaft 11) the centrifugal sealing fluid 17 is thrown out-wardly by centrifugal force into the space between vane 13B and the space or casing defined by the sides of the interior non-magnetic portion 12A of the housing. While operating in this manner, fric-tional forces produce a substantial amount of heat and it may be necessary to proviae in the interior portion 12A a cooling jacket as shown by the cooling fluid passages l9A and l9B which are supplied from a source of cooling fluid via the conduit 19.
In operation, the novel plural fluid magnetic~
centrifugal seal ~f Figure 1 operates in the following manner. At standstill and at low rotational speeds up to about 2,000 rpm, the ferromagnetic fluid 15 will be retained in the close clearance magnetic gap space between the ends of the pole pieces 14B or 14A and the opposing side surfaces of the enlarged thickness collar portion 13A of collar vane 13.
While retained in this position, the ferromagnetic fluid 15 forms a multiple stage magnetic seal that hermetically seals the higher pressure region P~ to the right of the structure from the lower or e~ual pressure region PL on the left hand side of the structure. Under these operation conditions, the centrifugal fluid 17 will be in the at-rest condition 11~3 as shown in Figures 7 and 7A.
Thereafter, as the rotational speed of the shaft 11 increases, at some poi~ centrifugal force effects will cause the centrifugal sealing fluid to move outwardly through centrifugal force so that it surrounds the outer peripheral edge of the vane 13B as shown at 17. At this operating point, it is conceivable that both the magnetic seal 15 and the centrifugal seal 17 will be coexistent for hermeti-cally sealing the space between the shaft 11 andhousing 12 from the two different pressure atmospheres-P~ and PL. If thereafter the rotational speed of shaft 11 is increased further up to a speed of say about 10,000 rpm, the centrifugal effects at this speed will be so great that the ferromagnetic fluid 15 will be forced by centrifugal effect up to the position 15A in the reservoir cavities 1 as the centrifugal force overcomes the magnetic force. During operation in this manner, hermetic sealing is provided primarily by the ce~trifugal seal formed by the fluid 17 and somewhat by a slinger seal formed by 14C and 14D. It will be appreciated therefore that by appropriate tailoring of the relative sealing capacities of the magnetic seal and the c,entrifugal seal, a distinct overlap can be designed into the seal thereby as~uring that hermetic sealing in the space between the shaft 11 and housing 12 is always provided. If necessary during the high speed operation, cooling fluid can be supplied through the conduit 19 to the cooling jacket 19A and l9B to maintain the temperature o~
the seal within prescribed limits. However, in-clusion of such a cooling scheme is not essential in the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1 and can be done away with due to the fact that the ~1~ 3~
low ~iscosaty centri~ug~l :sealing fluid can be comprised of water, lubricating oil, or other low viscosity fluid which does not heat up at the higher speeds of the speed range over which the seal is designed to operate.
From the above description, it will be appre-ciated that.the-invention makes it possible to opti-mally design both the centrifugal seal and the magne-tic seal to take advantage ~.the strongest features of each. By employing light oils or water as the centrifugal fluid for use in high speed operationO
power loss and efficiency is significantly improved and may eliminate the need for a water-jacketed cooling arrangement. As a result, the seal produces less power loss and is more efficient than previously known magnetic/centrifugal seal designs.
At standstill, ~he sealed pressure different ~P
is maintained by the multi-stage magnetic seal formed by the several sets of teeth of the opposed pole 20 pieces 14A and 14B by the magnetic sealing fluid 15.
The magnetic energy is supplied from the permanent magnet or electrical magnet and with the shaft at rest this pressure differential ~P is given by the following expression: M ~ .
2~ ~P1 =IM (H) d~ = 45~ 10 6 (atmospheres) (l) Ms = Magnetization saturation of magnetic fluid (ferromagnetic fluid 15) H = Field density in air gap (Oersteds) ~p = Seal capacity/(atmospheres) per stage ~O = Permeability of air equal to (4~ x 10 7 ~t m) At - ampere turns M - meter W - Webers As the shaft ll starts to rotate, the centrifugal sealing fluid 17 maintained between the vane 13B and ~73~
housinq portion 12A generates a centrifugal pressure which is augmented by the magnetic fluid seal as defined above. The sum of the differential pressure carried by the plural fluid combined m~gnetic/cent~i-fugal seal at this point is given by the expression:Pl ~ P2 where:
~P2 8 (r 2 _ ri2) (2) rO is the fluid level on the high pressure side as indicated in Fig. 2;
ri is the fluid level on the low pressure side as indicated in Fig. 2;
p is the density of the fluid (17);
is shaft speed (11) rad/sec (angular speed) ~Pl is the pressure differential across the magnetic 1~ seal; and aP2 is the pressure differential across the centrifugal seal.
At high speed the magnetic sealing fluid 15 is eventually ejected from between the magnetic pole piece teeth 14A and 14B by centrifugal force and eventually will be trapped in the magnetic fluid reservoirs 16 as shown at 15A, where it rotates due to the slinger action provided by the slinge~
shoulders 14C and 14~ as best shown in Fig. ~
The slinger design at the shoulders of-the collar vane portion 13A prevents the magnetic sealing fluid 15 from moving into the centrifugal seal region and hence keeps the two fluids from mixing. The geo-metrical configuration of the magnetic fluid reser-voirs 16 also assists in preventing mixing of the twosealing fluids by preventing the magnetic seal fluid 15 from beooming mixed with the rotating mass of centrifugal sealing fluid 17 at the outer rim of vane portion 13B of the collar vane. Consequently, the magnetic sealing fluid 15 at high speed will be li7387~
.
retained in the reser~oir 16 as shown at 15A because of the slinger action as described earlier. At the higher speeds, the differential pressure carried by the plural fluid combined magnetic/centrifugal seal will be provided primarily by the centrifugal sealing region and is given by the expression:
P2~ ~ 2 . ~P2 = ~ (xo ri ~ (3) In addition, any slinger sealing capacity ~P3 provided by the slinger action described above is added to that of the centrifugal seal.
As the rotational speed o~ shaft 11 decreases, the magnetic-gravitational forces again wili dominate the centrifugal forces acting on the magnetic sealing ~ -fluid 15 so that the magnetic sealing fluid 15 flows from the reservoir 16 back in between the magnetic teeth 14B (or 14A). Upon this occasion, the pressure difference again will be carried by both the magnetic seal region and the centrifugal seal region as explained with relation to e~uation (2). Thereafter as the rotational speed of shaft ll decreases fur~her to approach zero and at standstill, the pressure difference then will be transferred to the multiple magnetic stages alone and the pressure differential will be carried only by the magnetic seal region as set forth in equation (1).
Figure 5 is a characteristic curve showing rotational speed N of shaft 11 in revolution~ per minute plotted against the differential pressure ~
in pounds per square inch for the plural fluid com-bined magnetic/centrifugal fluid seal of the typeshown in the drawings. In this plot, the rotational speed of the shaft is plotted as the abscissa and the differential pressure which the seal can with--stand is plctted as the ordinate. ~rom Figure it will be seen that the differential pressure :L173~7~
withstood by the multiple stage magnetic seal ~Pi remains substantially constant as might be expected since the terms of equation (1) are not effected by the speed of shaft 11. It will be noted, however, that at the transition point ~Pl drops speed from its constant value to some non-zero but very small value at the operating speed where the magnetic fluid 15 is thrown from the magnetic sealing region up into reservoir 16. In contrast to the magnetic ~O seal, the centrifugal seal provides essentially zero sealing at standstill and low rotational speeds and increases exponentially with increases in speed in accordance with e~uation (3~. -Figure 2 of the drawings illustrates a modified form of plural fluid combined magnetic/centrifugalfluid seal according to the invention wherein the plurality of magnetic sealing stages are axially arrayed in concentric rings along the rotating shaft 21. In contrast to the Figure 1 structure, shaft 21 is f~rmed from magnetically permeable materials such as stainless steel, iron, etc., and has a plurality of concentric ring-like pole piece teeth 21A and 21B formed thereon on each side of a collar ~ane 13 comprised by a magnetically susceptible enlarged diameter portion 13 integral with or other-wise secured to shaft 21 and an outer vane portion 13B
preferably formed of non-magnetic material. The concentric rings of magnetic pole teeth 21A and 21B
oppose the end surfaces of the outer stationary housing portion 12B which is horseshoe-shaped in cross-sectional configuration.and is fabricated from magnetically permesble material such as stainless steel, iron and the like. The ends of the stationary housing portion 12B are spaced apart a short distance from the circumferential ends of the pole piece teeth 3~
21~ and 21B formed on shaft 21 so as to define close clearance, magnetic gap spaces in which a ferro-magnetic fluid 15 is disposed with the shaft 21 at standstill or at low rotating speeds. The magne-tically permeable stationary portion 12B surroundsan inner stationary portion 12A formed from non-magnetic material which surrounds and is spaced apart a small distance from the rim or circumferential end as well as the sides of the vane portion 13B
of the collar vane 13. Disposed in this space is a low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid 17 which may comprise water, a light hydrocarbon oil, a vegetable oil or the like which is not immiscible in the ferromagnetic sealing fluid 15 or vice versa or in the atmosphere being sealed out by the sealing structure. If desired, a suitable cooling ja~ket which is connected with a cooling fluid shown at l9A via conduit 19 to a source of cooling flui~ may be formed in the housing portion l~for providing cooling to the structure. ~owever, the inclusion of such a cooling jacket is not necessary for applications where the centrifugal sealing fluid may comprise water or some other light oil having low friction~1 losses at high rotational speeds of vane 13B. Reservoirs 16 are provided on each side of housing portion 12B which coacts with slingex surfaces 14C ~nd 14D in the same manner as described with relation to Fig. 8.
In operation, the seal structure of Figure 2 functions in substantially the same manner as ae-scribed with relation to the structure of Figure 1.
Both the Fig. 2 and Fig. 1 embodiment~ of the invention are symmetrical in design in that both designs ha~e equal numbers of ferromagnetic sealing stages on both sides of the centrifugal vane 13B.
~L173~37~
For this reason it does not matter to which side of the seal the high pressure atmosphere PH is applied.
For installations where it is known to which side of ~ the seal the high pressure-~ is to be applied, it may be possible to reduce the number of ferromagnetic sealing stages on the opposite side in much the same manner as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings and as will be described more fully hereinafter in connection with Fig. 4.
10Figure 3 of the drawings illustrates a modified form of the plural fluid, combined magnetic/centrifugal seal shown in Figure 2 wherein a tapered centrifugal vane regi~on is provided on shaft 11. The plural fluid, combined magnetic/centrifugal sealing struc-ture of Figure 3 differs from the structure of Figure 2 in that a plurality of magnetic sealing stages - are formed by magnetic pole piece teeth 14A and 14B
which oppose tapered side sur~aces of an increased thickness, tapered magnetically permeable portion 13A of the collar vane 13. Opposite tapered collar portion 13A, the magnetic pole piece teeth 14A and 14B are formed in complementary, diagonally taperea end surfaces on the exterior stationary housing portions 12B.- The stationary housing portions 12B including pole piece teeth 14A and 14B are fabricated from magnetically permeable material such as stainless steel, iron, etc., and are included in a series magnetic circuit with permanent magnet 18.
With the shaft 31, which may be of a non-magnetic mat~erial, at standstill or at low rotational speeds, the ferromagnetic sealing fluid 15 will be dispersed in the close clearance gap spaces between the ends of the pole piece teeth 14A and 14B and the tapered side surfaces of the magnetically permeable vane portion 13A. As a consequence, a closed magnetic ~173~72 .
circuit will be formed which includes the vane portion 13A, the.ferromagnetic sealing fluid 15, the pole pieces 14A and 14B, the magnetically susceptible portions 12B of housing member 12 and permanent magnet 18. The vane portion 13B of collar vane i3 preferably is fabricated from non-magnetic material and is disposed in a centrifugal sealing region defined by the inner non-magnetic portion 12A of stationary housing member 12.
o In operation, the embodiment of the invention sh~wn in Figure 3 functions in a manner that is similar to the Figure 1 em~odiment of the invention and includes the isolating reservoirs 16 for assuring isolation between the ferromagnetic sealing fluid 15 and the centrifugal sealing fluid 17. An a~-vantage of the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 3 over Figure 1 is that it provides longer transition time. The ferromagnetic sealing fluid 15 in this design (Fig. 3) take~ greater centrifugal 2~ force in order to transfer magnetic fluid 15 into .. the reservoir 16 because of tapered path of magnetic stages ~14B or 14A). Because the projected component of centrifugal force acts on the fluid~ only, in order to transfer fluid 15 into reservoir 17 at a certain speed, the freedom of design for controlling transition time of fluid 15 is greater in this con-figuration.
Figure 4 of the drawings illustrates still another embodiment of the invention wherein the lubricating oil of a machine or other apparatus with which the no~el plural fluid, combined mag-netic/centrifugal fluid seal is installed is used as the centrifugal sealing fluid. In Figure 4 shaft 11 which may be fabricated from a non-magnetic material has secured thereto an annular collar ~173~37~
vane 13 having an increased thickness inner annular portion 13A and an outer vane portion 13B. The inner annular increased thickness portion 13A is fabricated : from a magnetically permeable material such as stain-less steel, iron or the like and rotates in a space defined by the spaced apart ends of a generally invexted U-shaped cross-sectional stationary housing portion 12B of stationary housing 12. Similar to the Figure 1 seal configuration, the ends of at least one of the legs of the inverted U-shaped housing portion 12B, which is fabricated from magnetically permeable material, have too~h-shaped magnetic pole pieces 14B formed therein. If it is not known which side of the seal must sustain the high pressure atmosphere PH, or if during operation switches from one side of the seal to the other, corresponding magnetic p~le piece teeth such as 14A in the Pigure 1 arrangement can be formed in the remaining end of hcusing portion 12B depending upon the particular application for which the seal - is designed. The purpose of h~ving magnetic pole piece teeth on both sides of the runner or stationary~
part is to seal a system where the high pressure side is not knvwn, or the seal has to operate under conditions where the high pressure side, relative to the speed of the rotor 11 such as in ~ig. 1, is switching from one side to another.
As mentioned earlier, this is one of the advantages of the double-acting seal. Conventionally, seals operate unidirectionally. ~or example, most face seals t mechanical seals, pumping seals or tight clearance convexgent seals operate unidirectionally~
Therefore, it is not necessary to have the magnetic seal portion of this invention on both sides of the runner in all configurations unless it is required.
- 1~73~7;~
With reference to Fig. 1 and the condition which is .
shown, (i.e., PH at right.hand side and PL at lef~ -hand side of the seal), if this arrangément of high and low pressure s`ides is true, throughout the systcm operation, then the right hand side of the magnetic sealing arrangement (.14A, 15, 17A, 15A, 16) does not function and should be omitted from the design.
While the PH on only one side, after the first start up, magnetic fluid 15A cannot be returned to 15 .10 unless some positive pressure acts on the fluid l5A.
Thus, sealing capacity is based on one side and only one side of the magnetic sealing arrangement.. In .those seal configurations herein disclosed, the parts have been shown symmetrically for the sake of broad applications where it is not known that PX
will act from one side.only.
A ferromagnetic sealing-fluid ~ is dis.posed ..
in the close clearance magnetic seal gap region disposed between the ends of the pole piece teeth . 20 14B and opposing side surfaces of collar ~ane - portion 13A. An electromagnet shown at 30 is cen-trally positioned with respect to the housing p~r-tions 12B so às to pro~ide a magnetic field indicated by the dotted line arrow which threads a closed circuit magnetic path formed by the housing portions 12B, the pole pieces 14B, the ferromagnetic fluid 15 and the collar vane portion.13A. The electro-magnet 30 is supplied from a suitable source of excitation current which may comprise a battery 32 through an on/off control switch 33 and a current controlling variable resistor 34 for controlling the strength of the magnetc field produced by coil 30.
The outer ~ane portion 13B of annular collar 3~ vane 13 rotates within a centrifugal sealing space ~173~
. ~2 or region defined by an interior housing portion 12A
formed on non-magnetic material so that during high speed rotation ofvane portion 13B, a centrifugal seal is formed by fluid 17 between the confronting surfaces of the interior housing portion 12A and the rim and outer peripheral portion o~ vane 13B.
SLmilar to the seal structure of Figure 1, the ferromagnetic sealing fluid reservoir 16 is formed in the interior stationary housing portion 12A at i0 the lower end thereof which communicates with the close clearance magnetic sealing gap spaces of the multiple stage magnetic seal comprised by pole pieces 14B~ By this construction, during hig~
speed rotation of shaft 11, the high viscosity, ferromagnetic sealing fluid 15 is p~oled in the reservoir 16 by slinger action as described with relation to ~ig. 8; and is thereby isolated and prevented from intermixing with the centrifugal sealing fluid 17.
. 20 .The centrifugal sealing fluid 17 is supplied to the centrifugal sealing region from a lubricating oil reservoir shown at 41 via an oil supply line 42, lubricating oil cooler 43 and lubricating oil pump 44.
This lubricating oil supply system constitutes the normal lubricating oil supply and cooling system used for the bearings and seals of many different kinds of machines and apparatus wherei~ the lubri-cating oil is supplied via conduit 42 to the bearing shown generally at 45. This oil is leaked off around shaft 11 to a lubricating oil supply con~uit 47 formed in the stationary housing structure 12 that leads to the centrifugal sealing region in the close clearance spaces between the rim and outer peripheral portions of vane 13R. From the centri- .
fugal seal region, the lubricating oil then is bled :L~73~7~
off through a discharge conduit 48 and check valve 49~ back to the inlet side of the lubricating oil reservoir 44. It should be noted a~ this.point, ~ that this may not be the only return conduit providing for the flow of lubricating oil reservoir 41. The parameters of the supply conduit 47 and discharge conduit 48 are tailored to supply and discharge lubricating oil for use as the centrifugal seahing fluid for the entire peripheral extent of the cen-trifugal sealing region:.surrounding the rim andouter peripheral portion of ~ane 13B. Accordingly, these parameters must be dimensioned to assure sufficient flow to keep the centrifugal sealing oil cooled within its specifications. While operating in this mode at the high rotational speeds, the vane 13B serves not only to create and maintain the centrifugal seal but also functions as a pump for pumping heated lubricated oil through the outlet conduit 48 and check valve 49 back to the intake of the lubricating oil reservoir 41. Fig.
.. 4A of the dra~ings.best illustrates the parameters whereby pumping action is obtained from vane 13B.
In addition to the above features, the sealing structure of Figure 4 may further include a buf~er labyrinth seal shown at 12C o~ the outer exterior end of stationary housing member 12 which rota-tionally supports shaft 11. A suitable conduit shown at 51 is formed in the housing portion 12B
to supply pressurized air or other gaseous fluid for discharge into the space between the labyrinth seal rings 12C and shaft 11 as indicated by the solid line arrows. This pressurized air not only will serv.~ to prevent fluid from a hostile atmos-phere which may be at a very high pressure as indicated at PH from entering into the sealing .
~173~37~
structure but also tends to pressurize the side o~
vane portion 13A and vane 13B where no magnetic seal stages are formed. This then prevents loss of lubricating oil ~rom the centrifugal sealing region in addition to preventing seepage of the very high hostile atmosphere indicated at P~ .
~ rom the foregoing description it will be appreciated that the plural fluid combined magnetic/
centrifugal seal of this invention makes available i0 to a designer of seal structures the following important advantageous featuxes. It provides a stable and high differ~ntial pressure QP across the seal at both high and low rotational speeds as well as at standstill and produces a 100~ hermetic seal under all conditions of operation. The high dif-ferential pressure ~P provided at 0 rotation and at low rotativnal speeds by the magnetic seal stages are not governed by volume ratio considerations dictated by a coacting centrifugal seal region and therefore optimized magnetic seal configurations can be devised. There is a much less power loss due to the low viscosity of the centrifugal sealing fluid. Because of the independence of the centri-fugal seal configuration from the magnetic seal stages, it too is susceptible to flexible design criteria. The 100% hermetic sealing provided by the structure can be obtainedat relatively low cost since tight clearance or spacing, precise machining of components, etc. is not reguired. Pinally, there is no problem of leakage during transition from magnetic fluid sealing to centrifugal fluid sealing and vice versa because of the difference in viscosity, density and slinger characteristics of the two fluids. The low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid is sheared and centrifugally forced ~'73~37Z
' 25 .
into the centrifugally sealing region at angular speeds well below the shearing force required to separate the magnetic sealing fluid from the magnetic - sealing region ~ecause of the difference ~R in radii ~ 5 and density, etc. The reverse process is true during slow down so that at all timés 100% hermetic sealing is assured.
With reference to Pig. 9, it will be seen that the average radius RA for the centrifugal sealing region is given by the expression r3 ~ r4 R
and the average radius RB for the magnetic seal region is given by rl r2 It is clear from Fig. 9 that RA is greater thzn ~
(XA ~ ~) and that the difference ~R = RA~ ince the centrifugal force in each region is proportional to the average tip speed and the average tip speèd for the respective sealing region is given by ~A
and ~ where ~ is the angular speed of the shaft, it follows tha~ at any transitional shaft speed ~, the centrifugal force developed in the centrifugal seal region will exceed the centrifugal force de-veloped in the magnetic seal region.
Having described several embodiments of a new and ~mproved plural fluid combined magnetic/cen-trifugal fluid seal constructed according to the invention, other changes, variations and modifi-cations of the various embodiments of the invention disclosed will become apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that any such modi-fications, variations and changes are believed to come within the scope of the, invention as defined by the appended claims.
on members defining at least one magnetic pole-like close clearance magnetic seal gap region between opposed surfaces of ~wo members. A high viscosity magnetically permeable, ferromagnetic fluid normally is disposed in the magnetic seal gap region with the rotating shaft member at rest or at low rotational speeds. Magnetic field producing means are mag-netically coupled to at least portions of the ro-tating shaft and stationary housing members so as to include the magnetic seal gap region and the high viscosity magnetically permeable ferromagnetic fluid in a closed magnetic circuit. A circumferen-tially arranged centrifugal seal forming region is radially disposed outwardly from the magnetic seal gap region and is located between the rotating shaft and stationary housing members. Means are provided in communication with the centri~ugal seal forming region for receiving and pooling a low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid with the centrifugal sealing fluid being centrifugally thrown outwardly during rotation of the rotating shaft member into the centrifugal seal forming region so as to form a centri~ugal hermetic seal through the medium of the fluid pooled between the rotating shaft and stationary housing member by centrifugal force at higher rotational speeds of the rotating shaft member.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, a reservoir is provided for receiving the magnetically permeable ferromagnetic sealing fluid in a space intermediate the rotating shaft member and the stationary housing member. The reservoir serves to collect and pool the ferromagnetic sealing fluid during high speed rotation of the rotating shaft member so as to isolate the two different ~:173~37~
fluids one from the other in separate but communicating spaces.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the low viscosity centri'fugal sealing fluid is comprised by the lubricating oil of an apparatus or m~chine on which the plural fluid combined magnetic~centrifugal seal is installed. In such installation, the centri-fugal sealing stage is included in and comprises a part of the lubricating oil cooling and supply system of the machine or other apparatus and the centrifugal seal serves as an auxiliary lubricating oil pump used in conjunction with the main lubricating oil circulating pump for pumping the lubricating oil from 'the centrifugal seal region to a lubricating oil reservoir comprising a part of the lubricating oil supply system for the machine, for cooling the seal system or other apparatus. In such an arrangement, the installation may further include a pressurized labyrinth'buffer seal positioned on the rotating shaft member adjacent the plural fluid magneticj centrifugal seal and a hostile high pressure atmos-phere so as to form a combined two-stage labyrinth and magnetic/centrifugal seal against ~he high pressure hostile'atmosphere.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
These and other objects, features and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become better understood upon a reading of the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein similar elements in the several figures are identified by the same ref~rence character, and wherein:
Figure 1 is a partial sectional view of a new ana improved double acting plural fluid magnetic/
centrifugal hermetic seal constructed according to 31~7~
the present invention;
Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of a second form of the invention different from that of Figure 1 in that it employs an axially arrayed magnetic seal and S includes a cooling jacket for maintaining the temperature of both the magnetic sealing fluid and the centrifugal sealing fluid within prescribed limits;
Figure 3 is a partial schematic view of still a third embodiment of the invention somewhat similar to that of Figure 2 wherein the magnetic seal region is formed on a tapered portion of the shaft;
Figure 4 is a partial sectional view of still a different form of the invention wherein the lubricating oil of a machine or other apparatus is used as the centrifugal sealing fluid, and illustrates how pumping action for the lubricating oil is obtained with the vane;
Figure 5 is an operating characteristic curve for a novel plural fluid combined magnetic/centrifugal seal according to the invention, showing the speed versus differential pressure sealing capability of the structure wherein the speed of a shaft being sealed is plotted as the abscissa and the differential pressure sealing capability in pounds per s~uare inch is plotted as the ordinate;
Figure 6 is a plot of the change in viscosity versus temperature of two different ferromagnetic sealing fluids wherein the temperature is plotted as the abscissa and the changes in viscosity are plotted as the ordinate;
Figures 7 and 7A are partial schema~ic sketches showing the rotary vane of the seal structure in the at-rest condition;
~173~37~
Figure 8 is a partial, explode~ sectional view of the ferromagnetic fluid reservoir showing the details of the shoulder design of the vane.whereby slinger action is achieved; and Figure 9 is a partial schematic view of the ~igure 8 structure and illustrates certain critical dimensions.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Figur.e 1 is a partial sectional view of a novel plural fluid combined magnetic/centrifugal seal constructed according to the invention for sealing out a higher pressure exterior atmosphere indicated at P~ from the interior of a machine or other area having a somewhat lower pressure or the same pressure PL, ox vice-versa. The seal shown in Figure 1 is for a shaft indicated at 11 which is rotatably journaled in bearings (not shown) in a housing or other stationary member part of which is shown at 12. The shaft 11 includes an annular-shaped collar vane 13 keyed or otherwise secured to sh~t 11 and located within a cavity or other open space formed within housing 12~ The a~nular collar vane 13 is comprised by a larger thickness inner portion 13A having a thin vane like portion 13B secured around its outer periphery or integral therewith.
The inner thick portion 13A of collar vane 13 has its flat side surfaces opposing a plurality of magnetic pole-like teeth shown at 14A and 14B
on respective opposite sides of the thick-dimension portion 13A of the collar vane. The magnetic pole-like teeth 14A and 14B are disposed opposite the opposing flat surfaces of portion 13A so as to define a plurality of close clearance magnetic gap spaces in which are disposed a plurality of droplets of a magnetically permeable ferromagnetic ~1731~7~
fluid 15. The ferromagnetic fluid 15 preferably comprises a Diester fluid in which are suspended ferromagnetic particles and may be commercially available ferromagnetic fluid sold by Ferromagnetic Fluids, Inc., and others preferably, the ferro-magnetic fluid should be immiscible with respect to the centrifugal fluid 17 (described hereafter) and the atmospheres PH and PL. The Diester base ferromagnetic fluid is preferred because of its better temperature characteristics. The ferromag-netic fluid in the magnetic gap spaces between the ends of the pole piece teeth 14A and 14B and the opposing surfacesof:the collar vane portion 13A
are exposed to and have access to enlarged reser~oir cavities 16 having the shape of a light bulb in cross-sectional configuration but which extend around the entire periphery of the interior of the housing member 12 which surrounds the outer vane-li~e portion 13B of the collax vane. The purpose ZO of the reservoirs 16 ~ill be described more fully hereinafter with relation to the operation of the . . .
seal.
The interior portion 12A of housing member 12 is fabricated from a non-magnetic material such as copper, aluminum or alloys thereof or could eve~
compris~ a plastic material of appropriate physical strength and temperature characteristics. Besides the reservoirs 16 for the magnetic fluid 15, the interior portion 12A of the housing member includes a centrally disposed open area or casing in which the vane-like portion 13B of the annular-shap~d collar vane secured to shaft 11 rides. A finite space is provided between the vane 13B and the oppo-sing interior surfaces of the housing portion 12A
so as to form a chamber in which a centrifugal ~173~7~
sealing fluid indicated at 17 is trapped.
The centrifugal sealing fluid 17 with the shaft 11 at rest would be disposed in the lower portion of the open area or casing in which vane 13B rides as best shown in Figures 7 and 7A of the drawings.
From this condition, as shaft 11 rotates and speeds up to higher rotational speeds, centrifugal effects will force the centrifugal fluid from the position shown at 17A out to the position at 17 if there is a aP across the seal, thereby effecting a centrifugal seal within the region. As readily determined from an examination of Figure 1, the centrifugal seal region 17 is radially disposed outwardly from the magnetic seal region defined by the close clearance magnetic gap spacing between the ends of the pole pieces 14A and 14B which oppose the flat side ; surfaces of the larger thickness porti~n 13A of the collar vane.
The exterior peripheral portions 12 of the stationary housing member 12 that surround the inter-nal non-magnetic portion 12A is fabricated from a magnetically susceptible material such as stainless steel, iron or the like. This magnetically sus-cepti~le portion 12B of housing member 12 is generally in the shape of an automobile tire which surrounds the rotatable shaft 11 and is horseshoe-shaped in -cross section with the inner ends thereof being turned inwardly towards each other so as to form the pole pieces 14A and 14B opposing the flat side surfaces of the enlarged thickness portion 14A
of the annular-shaped collar vane 13. A permanent magnet shown at 18 is mounted as an insert in the rim or outer peripheral surface of this magnetically permeable housing portion 12B. By this construction, a closed magnetic path is formed via the permanent 11'73~
magnet 18, the outer side portions 12B of the housing structure 12, the pole piece teeth 14A and 14B, the ferromagnetic fluid 15 and the enlarged thickness portion 13A of collar vane 13 which is formed ~rom magnetically susceptible material. Vane portion 13B
preferably is non-magnetic and is not included in this closed magnetic path.
As mentioned earlier, during high speed rotation of the shaft 11 (and accordingly the vane 13B of annular collar vane 13 which is secured to shaft 11) the centrifugal sealing fluid 17 is thrown out-wardly by centrifugal force into the space between vane 13B and the space or casing defined by the sides of the interior non-magnetic portion 12A of the housing. While operating in this manner, fric-tional forces produce a substantial amount of heat and it may be necessary to proviae in the interior portion 12A a cooling jacket as shown by the cooling fluid passages l9A and l9B which are supplied from a source of cooling fluid via the conduit 19.
In operation, the novel plural fluid magnetic~
centrifugal seal ~f Figure 1 operates in the following manner. At standstill and at low rotational speeds up to about 2,000 rpm, the ferromagnetic fluid 15 will be retained in the close clearance magnetic gap space between the ends of the pole pieces 14B or 14A and the opposing side surfaces of the enlarged thickness collar portion 13A of collar vane 13.
While retained in this position, the ferromagnetic fluid 15 forms a multiple stage magnetic seal that hermetically seals the higher pressure region P~ to the right of the structure from the lower or e~ual pressure region PL on the left hand side of the structure. Under these operation conditions, the centrifugal fluid 17 will be in the at-rest condition 11~3 as shown in Figures 7 and 7A.
Thereafter, as the rotational speed of the shaft 11 increases, at some poi~ centrifugal force effects will cause the centrifugal sealing fluid to move outwardly through centrifugal force so that it surrounds the outer peripheral edge of the vane 13B as shown at 17. At this operating point, it is conceivable that both the magnetic seal 15 and the centrifugal seal 17 will be coexistent for hermeti-cally sealing the space between the shaft 11 andhousing 12 from the two different pressure atmospheres-P~ and PL. If thereafter the rotational speed of shaft 11 is increased further up to a speed of say about 10,000 rpm, the centrifugal effects at this speed will be so great that the ferromagnetic fluid 15 will be forced by centrifugal effect up to the position 15A in the reservoir cavities 1 as the centrifugal force overcomes the magnetic force. During operation in this manner, hermetic sealing is provided primarily by the ce~trifugal seal formed by the fluid 17 and somewhat by a slinger seal formed by 14C and 14D. It will be appreciated therefore that by appropriate tailoring of the relative sealing capacities of the magnetic seal and the c,entrifugal seal, a distinct overlap can be designed into the seal thereby as~uring that hermetic sealing in the space between the shaft 11 and housing 12 is always provided. If necessary during the high speed operation, cooling fluid can be supplied through the conduit 19 to the cooling jacket 19A and l9B to maintain the temperature o~
the seal within prescribed limits. However, in-clusion of such a cooling scheme is not essential in the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1 and can be done away with due to the fact that the ~1~ 3~
low ~iscosaty centri~ug~l :sealing fluid can be comprised of water, lubricating oil, or other low viscosity fluid which does not heat up at the higher speeds of the speed range over which the seal is designed to operate.
From the above description, it will be appre-ciated that.the-invention makes it possible to opti-mally design both the centrifugal seal and the magne-tic seal to take advantage ~.the strongest features of each. By employing light oils or water as the centrifugal fluid for use in high speed operationO
power loss and efficiency is significantly improved and may eliminate the need for a water-jacketed cooling arrangement. As a result, the seal produces less power loss and is more efficient than previously known magnetic/centrifugal seal designs.
At standstill, ~he sealed pressure different ~P
is maintained by the multi-stage magnetic seal formed by the several sets of teeth of the opposed pole 20 pieces 14A and 14B by the magnetic sealing fluid 15.
The magnetic energy is supplied from the permanent magnet or electrical magnet and with the shaft at rest this pressure differential ~P is given by the following expression: M ~ .
2~ ~P1 =IM (H) d~ = 45~ 10 6 (atmospheres) (l) Ms = Magnetization saturation of magnetic fluid (ferromagnetic fluid 15) H = Field density in air gap (Oersteds) ~p = Seal capacity/(atmospheres) per stage ~O = Permeability of air equal to (4~ x 10 7 ~t m) At - ampere turns M - meter W - Webers As the shaft ll starts to rotate, the centrifugal sealing fluid 17 maintained between the vane 13B and ~73~
housinq portion 12A generates a centrifugal pressure which is augmented by the magnetic fluid seal as defined above. The sum of the differential pressure carried by the plural fluid combined m~gnetic/cent~i-fugal seal at this point is given by the expression:Pl ~ P2 where:
~P2 8 (r 2 _ ri2) (2) rO is the fluid level on the high pressure side as indicated in Fig. 2;
ri is the fluid level on the low pressure side as indicated in Fig. 2;
p is the density of the fluid (17);
is shaft speed (11) rad/sec (angular speed) ~Pl is the pressure differential across the magnetic 1~ seal; and aP2 is the pressure differential across the centrifugal seal.
At high speed the magnetic sealing fluid 15 is eventually ejected from between the magnetic pole piece teeth 14A and 14B by centrifugal force and eventually will be trapped in the magnetic fluid reservoirs 16 as shown at 15A, where it rotates due to the slinger action provided by the slinge~
shoulders 14C and 14~ as best shown in Fig. ~
The slinger design at the shoulders of-the collar vane portion 13A prevents the magnetic sealing fluid 15 from moving into the centrifugal seal region and hence keeps the two fluids from mixing. The geo-metrical configuration of the magnetic fluid reser-voirs 16 also assists in preventing mixing of the twosealing fluids by preventing the magnetic seal fluid 15 from beooming mixed with the rotating mass of centrifugal sealing fluid 17 at the outer rim of vane portion 13B of the collar vane. Consequently, the magnetic sealing fluid 15 at high speed will be li7387~
.
retained in the reser~oir 16 as shown at 15A because of the slinger action as described earlier. At the higher speeds, the differential pressure carried by the plural fluid combined magnetic/centrifugal seal will be provided primarily by the centrifugal sealing region and is given by the expression:
P2~ ~ 2 . ~P2 = ~ (xo ri ~ (3) In addition, any slinger sealing capacity ~P3 provided by the slinger action described above is added to that of the centrifugal seal.
As the rotational speed o~ shaft 11 decreases, the magnetic-gravitational forces again wili dominate the centrifugal forces acting on the magnetic sealing ~ -fluid 15 so that the magnetic sealing fluid 15 flows from the reservoir 16 back in between the magnetic teeth 14B (or 14A). Upon this occasion, the pressure difference again will be carried by both the magnetic seal region and the centrifugal seal region as explained with relation to e~uation (2). Thereafter as the rotational speed of shaft ll decreases fur~her to approach zero and at standstill, the pressure difference then will be transferred to the multiple magnetic stages alone and the pressure differential will be carried only by the magnetic seal region as set forth in equation (1).
Figure 5 is a characteristic curve showing rotational speed N of shaft 11 in revolution~ per minute plotted against the differential pressure ~
in pounds per square inch for the plural fluid com-bined magnetic/centrifugal fluid seal of the typeshown in the drawings. In this plot, the rotational speed of the shaft is plotted as the abscissa and the differential pressure which the seal can with--stand is plctted as the ordinate. ~rom Figure it will be seen that the differential pressure :L173~7~
withstood by the multiple stage magnetic seal ~Pi remains substantially constant as might be expected since the terms of equation (1) are not effected by the speed of shaft 11. It will be noted, however, that at the transition point ~Pl drops speed from its constant value to some non-zero but very small value at the operating speed where the magnetic fluid 15 is thrown from the magnetic sealing region up into reservoir 16. In contrast to the magnetic ~O seal, the centrifugal seal provides essentially zero sealing at standstill and low rotational speeds and increases exponentially with increases in speed in accordance with e~uation (3~. -Figure 2 of the drawings illustrates a modified form of plural fluid combined magnetic/centrifugalfluid seal according to the invention wherein the plurality of magnetic sealing stages are axially arrayed in concentric rings along the rotating shaft 21. In contrast to the Figure 1 structure, shaft 21 is f~rmed from magnetically permeable materials such as stainless steel, iron, etc., and has a plurality of concentric ring-like pole piece teeth 21A and 21B formed thereon on each side of a collar ~ane 13 comprised by a magnetically susceptible enlarged diameter portion 13 integral with or other-wise secured to shaft 21 and an outer vane portion 13B
preferably formed of non-magnetic material. The concentric rings of magnetic pole teeth 21A and 21B
oppose the end surfaces of the outer stationary housing portion 12B which is horseshoe-shaped in cross-sectional configuration.and is fabricated from magnetically permesble material such as stainless steel, iron and the like. The ends of the stationary housing portion 12B are spaced apart a short distance from the circumferential ends of the pole piece teeth 3~
21~ and 21B formed on shaft 21 so as to define close clearance, magnetic gap spaces in which a ferro-magnetic fluid 15 is disposed with the shaft 21 at standstill or at low rotating speeds. The magne-tically permeable stationary portion 12B surroundsan inner stationary portion 12A formed from non-magnetic material which surrounds and is spaced apart a small distance from the rim or circumferential end as well as the sides of the vane portion 13B
of the collar vane 13. Disposed in this space is a low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid 17 which may comprise water, a light hydrocarbon oil, a vegetable oil or the like which is not immiscible in the ferromagnetic sealing fluid 15 or vice versa or in the atmosphere being sealed out by the sealing structure. If desired, a suitable cooling ja~ket which is connected with a cooling fluid shown at l9A via conduit 19 to a source of cooling flui~ may be formed in the housing portion l~for providing cooling to the structure. ~owever, the inclusion of such a cooling jacket is not necessary for applications where the centrifugal sealing fluid may comprise water or some other light oil having low friction~1 losses at high rotational speeds of vane 13B. Reservoirs 16 are provided on each side of housing portion 12B which coacts with slingex surfaces 14C ~nd 14D in the same manner as described with relation to Fig. 8.
In operation, the seal structure of Figure 2 functions in substantially the same manner as ae-scribed with relation to the structure of Figure 1.
Both the Fig. 2 and Fig. 1 embodiment~ of the invention are symmetrical in design in that both designs ha~e equal numbers of ferromagnetic sealing stages on both sides of the centrifugal vane 13B.
~L173~37~
For this reason it does not matter to which side of the seal the high pressure atmosphere PH is applied.
For installations where it is known to which side of ~ the seal the high pressure-~ is to be applied, it may be possible to reduce the number of ferromagnetic sealing stages on the opposite side in much the same manner as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings and as will be described more fully hereinafter in connection with Fig. 4.
10Figure 3 of the drawings illustrates a modified form of the plural fluid, combined magnetic/centrifugal seal shown in Figure 2 wherein a tapered centrifugal vane regi~on is provided on shaft 11. The plural fluid, combined magnetic/centrifugal sealing struc-ture of Figure 3 differs from the structure of Figure 2 in that a plurality of magnetic sealing stages - are formed by magnetic pole piece teeth 14A and 14B
which oppose tapered side sur~aces of an increased thickness, tapered magnetically permeable portion 13A of the collar vane 13. Opposite tapered collar portion 13A, the magnetic pole piece teeth 14A and 14B are formed in complementary, diagonally taperea end surfaces on the exterior stationary housing portions 12B.- The stationary housing portions 12B including pole piece teeth 14A and 14B are fabricated from magnetically permeable material such as stainless steel, iron, etc., and are included in a series magnetic circuit with permanent magnet 18.
With the shaft 31, which may be of a non-magnetic mat~erial, at standstill or at low rotational speeds, the ferromagnetic sealing fluid 15 will be dispersed in the close clearance gap spaces between the ends of the pole piece teeth 14A and 14B and the tapered side surfaces of the magnetically permeable vane portion 13A. As a consequence, a closed magnetic ~173~72 .
circuit will be formed which includes the vane portion 13A, the.ferromagnetic sealing fluid 15, the pole pieces 14A and 14B, the magnetically susceptible portions 12B of housing member 12 and permanent magnet 18. The vane portion 13B of collar vane i3 preferably is fabricated from non-magnetic material and is disposed in a centrifugal sealing region defined by the inner non-magnetic portion 12A of stationary housing member 12.
o In operation, the embodiment of the invention sh~wn in Figure 3 functions in a manner that is similar to the Figure 1 em~odiment of the invention and includes the isolating reservoirs 16 for assuring isolation between the ferromagnetic sealing fluid 15 and the centrifugal sealing fluid 17. An a~-vantage of the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 3 over Figure 1 is that it provides longer transition time. The ferromagnetic sealing fluid 15 in this design (Fig. 3) take~ greater centrifugal 2~ force in order to transfer magnetic fluid 15 into .. the reservoir 16 because of tapered path of magnetic stages ~14B or 14A). Because the projected component of centrifugal force acts on the fluid~ only, in order to transfer fluid 15 into reservoir 17 at a certain speed, the freedom of design for controlling transition time of fluid 15 is greater in this con-figuration.
Figure 4 of the drawings illustrates still another embodiment of the invention wherein the lubricating oil of a machine or other apparatus with which the no~el plural fluid, combined mag-netic/centrifugal fluid seal is installed is used as the centrifugal sealing fluid. In Figure 4 shaft 11 which may be fabricated from a non-magnetic material has secured thereto an annular collar ~173~37~
vane 13 having an increased thickness inner annular portion 13A and an outer vane portion 13B. The inner annular increased thickness portion 13A is fabricated : from a magnetically permeable material such as stain-less steel, iron or the like and rotates in a space defined by the spaced apart ends of a generally invexted U-shaped cross-sectional stationary housing portion 12B of stationary housing 12. Similar to the Figure 1 seal configuration, the ends of at least one of the legs of the inverted U-shaped housing portion 12B, which is fabricated from magnetically permeable material, have too~h-shaped magnetic pole pieces 14B formed therein. If it is not known which side of the seal must sustain the high pressure atmosphere PH, or if during operation switches from one side of the seal to the other, corresponding magnetic p~le piece teeth such as 14A in the Pigure 1 arrangement can be formed in the remaining end of hcusing portion 12B depending upon the particular application for which the seal - is designed. The purpose of h~ving magnetic pole piece teeth on both sides of the runner or stationary~
part is to seal a system where the high pressure side is not knvwn, or the seal has to operate under conditions where the high pressure side, relative to the speed of the rotor 11 such as in ~ig. 1, is switching from one side to another.
As mentioned earlier, this is one of the advantages of the double-acting seal. Conventionally, seals operate unidirectionally. ~or example, most face seals t mechanical seals, pumping seals or tight clearance convexgent seals operate unidirectionally~
Therefore, it is not necessary to have the magnetic seal portion of this invention on both sides of the runner in all configurations unless it is required.
- 1~73~7;~
With reference to Fig. 1 and the condition which is .
shown, (i.e., PH at right.hand side and PL at lef~ -hand side of the seal), if this arrangément of high and low pressure s`ides is true, throughout the systcm operation, then the right hand side of the magnetic sealing arrangement (.14A, 15, 17A, 15A, 16) does not function and should be omitted from the design.
While the PH on only one side, after the first start up, magnetic fluid 15A cannot be returned to 15 .10 unless some positive pressure acts on the fluid l5A.
Thus, sealing capacity is based on one side and only one side of the magnetic sealing arrangement.. In .those seal configurations herein disclosed, the parts have been shown symmetrically for the sake of broad applications where it is not known that PX
will act from one side.only.
A ferromagnetic sealing-fluid ~ is dis.posed ..
in the close clearance magnetic seal gap region disposed between the ends of the pole piece teeth . 20 14B and opposing side surfaces of collar ~ane - portion 13A. An electromagnet shown at 30 is cen-trally positioned with respect to the housing p~r-tions 12B so às to pro~ide a magnetic field indicated by the dotted line arrow which threads a closed circuit magnetic path formed by the housing portions 12B, the pole pieces 14B, the ferromagnetic fluid 15 and the collar vane portion.13A. The electro-magnet 30 is supplied from a suitable source of excitation current which may comprise a battery 32 through an on/off control switch 33 and a current controlling variable resistor 34 for controlling the strength of the magnetc field produced by coil 30.
The outer ~ane portion 13B of annular collar 3~ vane 13 rotates within a centrifugal sealing space ~173~
. ~2 or region defined by an interior housing portion 12A
formed on non-magnetic material so that during high speed rotation ofvane portion 13B, a centrifugal seal is formed by fluid 17 between the confronting surfaces of the interior housing portion 12A and the rim and outer peripheral portion o~ vane 13B.
SLmilar to the seal structure of Figure 1, the ferromagnetic sealing fluid reservoir 16 is formed in the interior stationary housing portion 12A at i0 the lower end thereof which communicates with the close clearance magnetic sealing gap spaces of the multiple stage magnetic seal comprised by pole pieces 14B~ By this construction, during hig~
speed rotation of shaft 11, the high viscosity, ferromagnetic sealing fluid 15 is p~oled in the reservoir 16 by slinger action as described with relation to ~ig. 8; and is thereby isolated and prevented from intermixing with the centrifugal sealing fluid 17.
. 20 .The centrifugal sealing fluid 17 is supplied to the centrifugal sealing region from a lubricating oil reservoir shown at 41 via an oil supply line 42, lubricating oil cooler 43 and lubricating oil pump 44.
This lubricating oil supply system constitutes the normal lubricating oil supply and cooling system used for the bearings and seals of many different kinds of machines and apparatus wherei~ the lubri-cating oil is supplied via conduit 42 to the bearing shown generally at 45. This oil is leaked off around shaft 11 to a lubricating oil supply con~uit 47 formed in the stationary housing structure 12 that leads to the centrifugal sealing region in the close clearance spaces between the rim and outer peripheral portions of vane 13R. From the centri- .
fugal seal region, the lubricating oil then is bled :L~73~7~
off through a discharge conduit 48 and check valve 49~ back to the inlet side of the lubricating oil reservoir 44. It should be noted a~ this.point, ~ that this may not be the only return conduit providing for the flow of lubricating oil reservoir 41. The parameters of the supply conduit 47 and discharge conduit 48 are tailored to supply and discharge lubricating oil for use as the centrifugal seahing fluid for the entire peripheral extent of the cen-trifugal sealing region:.surrounding the rim andouter peripheral portion of ~ane 13B. Accordingly, these parameters must be dimensioned to assure sufficient flow to keep the centrifugal sealing oil cooled within its specifications. While operating in this mode at the high rotational speeds, the vane 13B serves not only to create and maintain the centrifugal seal but also functions as a pump for pumping heated lubricated oil through the outlet conduit 48 and check valve 49 back to the intake of the lubricating oil reservoir 41. Fig.
.. 4A of the dra~ings.best illustrates the parameters whereby pumping action is obtained from vane 13B.
In addition to the above features, the sealing structure of Figure 4 may further include a buf~er labyrinth seal shown at 12C o~ the outer exterior end of stationary housing member 12 which rota-tionally supports shaft 11. A suitable conduit shown at 51 is formed in the housing portion 12B
to supply pressurized air or other gaseous fluid for discharge into the space between the labyrinth seal rings 12C and shaft 11 as indicated by the solid line arrows. This pressurized air not only will serv.~ to prevent fluid from a hostile atmos-phere which may be at a very high pressure as indicated at PH from entering into the sealing .
~173~37~
structure but also tends to pressurize the side o~
vane portion 13A and vane 13B where no magnetic seal stages are formed. This then prevents loss of lubricating oil ~rom the centrifugal sealing region in addition to preventing seepage of the very high hostile atmosphere indicated at P~ .
~ rom the foregoing description it will be appreciated that the plural fluid combined magnetic/
centrifugal seal of this invention makes available i0 to a designer of seal structures the following important advantageous featuxes. It provides a stable and high differ~ntial pressure QP across the seal at both high and low rotational speeds as well as at standstill and produces a 100~ hermetic seal under all conditions of operation. The high dif-ferential pressure ~P provided at 0 rotation and at low rotativnal speeds by the magnetic seal stages are not governed by volume ratio considerations dictated by a coacting centrifugal seal region and therefore optimized magnetic seal configurations can be devised. There is a much less power loss due to the low viscosity of the centrifugal sealing fluid. Because of the independence of the centri-fugal seal configuration from the magnetic seal stages, it too is susceptible to flexible design criteria. The 100% hermetic sealing provided by the structure can be obtainedat relatively low cost since tight clearance or spacing, precise machining of components, etc. is not reguired. Pinally, there is no problem of leakage during transition from magnetic fluid sealing to centrifugal fluid sealing and vice versa because of the difference in viscosity, density and slinger characteristics of the two fluids. The low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid is sheared and centrifugally forced ~'73~37Z
' 25 .
into the centrifugally sealing region at angular speeds well below the shearing force required to separate the magnetic sealing fluid from the magnetic - sealing region ~ecause of the difference ~R in radii ~ 5 and density, etc. The reverse process is true during slow down so that at all timés 100% hermetic sealing is assured.
With reference to Pig. 9, it will be seen that the average radius RA for the centrifugal sealing region is given by the expression r3 ~ r4 R
and the average radius RB for the magnetic seal region is given by rl r2 It is clear from Fig. 9 that RA is greater thzn ~
(XA ~ ~) and that the difference ~R = RA~ ince the centrifugal force in each region is proportional to the average tip speed and the average tip speèd for the respective sealing region is given by ~A
and ~ where ~ is the angular speed of the shaft, it follows tha~ at any transitional shaft speed ~, the centrifugal force developed in the centrifugal seal region will exceed the centrifugal force de-veloped in the magnetic seal region.
Having described several embodiments of a new and ~mproved plural fluid combined magnetic/cen-trifugal fluid seal constructed according to the invention, other changes, variations and modifi-cations of the various embodiments of the invention disclosed will become apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that any such modi-fications, variations and changes are believed to come within the scope of the, invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (30)
1. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal for hermetically sealing the space between a rotating member and a close fitting spaced-apart stationary member comprising means formed on said members defining at least one magnetic pole-like close clearance magnetic seal gap region between opposed surfaces of the members, a high viscosity magnetically permeable ferromagnetic fluid normally disposed in said magnetic gap region with said rotating member at rest or low rotational speeds, magnetic field producing means magnetically coupled to at least portions of said rotating and stationary members, said magnetic seal gap region and said high viscosity magnetically permeable ferromagnetic fluid in a closed magnetic circuit, a circumferentially arranged centrifugal seal forming region radially disposed outwardly from said magnetic seal gap region and located between the rotating and stationary members, means in communication with said centrifugal seal forming region for receiving and pooling a low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid, said centrifugal sealing fluid being centrifugally thrown outwardly during high speed rota-tion of said rotating member into said centrifugal seal forming region to thereby form a centrifugal hermetic seal through the medium of the fluid pooled between the two members by centrifugal force at high rotational speeds of said rotating member.
2. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 1 further comprising a plurality of magnetic pole-like teeth forming a plurality of close clearance magnetic gap regions between the opposed surfaces of the rotating and stationary members which coact to form a multiple stage magnetic seal while said rotating member is at rest and during slow speed rotation thereof.
3. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 1 wherein the high viscosity magnetically permeable fluid comprises a ferrofluid formed by a ferric suspension in a suitable carrier liquid having low viscosity and strong saturation magnetization characteristics and wherein both the magnetically permeable fluid and the low viscosity centrifugal fluid are immiscible with respect to each other and to other fluids being sealed.
4. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 1 wherein the magnetic field producing means comprises a permanent magnet capable of producing a sufficiently strong magnetic field to drive the magnetic permeable fluid into a saturation magnetization condition.
5. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 1 wherein said magnetic field producing means comprises an electromagnet capable of producing a sufficiently strong magnetic field to drive the magnetically permeable fluid into a saturation magnetization condition and electrically controlled by on/off switch means for turning the electromagnet on while the rotatable member is at rest and during slow speed operation thereof and for turning the electromagnet off during high speed rotation of the rotatable member.
6. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 1 further including means for cooling the circumferentially arranged centrifugal seal forming region of said seal during high speed rotation of said rotatable member.
7. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 1 further including a reservoir for said magnetically permeable fluid formed in a space intermediate the rotating and stationary members for collecting and pooling said magnetically permeable fluid during high speed rotation of said rotating member to thereby essentially isolate the two different viscosity fluids one from the other in separate but communicating spaces.
8. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 7 further comprising a plurality of magnetic pole-like teeth forming a plurality of close clearance magnetic gap retions between the opposed surfaces of the rotating and stationary members which coact to form a multiple stage magnetic seal while said rotating member is at rest and during slow speed rotation thereof.
9. A plural fluid magneitc/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 8 wherein said rotating member comprises a rotatable shaft having a circular cross section and journaled in a housing which comprises a part of said stationary member and wherein said rotatable shaft includes a magnetically permeable annular collar vane secured thereto and rotatable therewith and said housing in conjunction with the stationary member defines an annular cavity surrounding the collar vane to thereby form the circumferentially arranged centrifugal seal forming region in the space between the end of the cavity and the circumferential edge of the annular collar vane and the plurality of magnetic seal stages being formed by concen-trically arranged teeth formed in the inner surfaces of said stationary member and that oppose the flat surface portions of said annular collar vane extending between the circum-ferential edge portion thereof and the point of jointure of the collar vane to the rotatable shaft.
10. A plural fluid magneitc/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 9 wherein the high viscosity magnetically permeable fluid comprises a ferrofluid formed by a ferric suspension in a suitable carrier liquid having high-viscosity and strong saturation magnetization characteristics and wherein both the magnetically permeable fluid and the low viscosity centrifugal fluid are immiscible with respect to each other and to other fluids being sealed.
11. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to calim 10 wherein the magnetic field producing means comprises a permanent magnet capable of producing a sufficiently strong magnetic field to drive the magnetic permeable fluid into a saturation magnetization condition.
12. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 10 wherein said magnetic field producing means comprises an electromagnet capable of producing a sufficiently strong magnetic field to drive the magnetically permeable fluid into a saturation magnetization condition and electrically controlled by on/off switch means for turning the electromagnet on while the rotatable member is at rest and during slow speed operation thereof and for turning the electro-magnet off during high speed rotation of the rotatable member.
13. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal according to claim 1 wherein the low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid comprises the lubricating oil of an apparatus or machine on which the seal is used with the means for re-ceiving and pooling the low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid being included in and comprising a part of the lubricating oil cooling and supply system for the machine and wherein said centrifugal seal serves as an auxiliary lubricating oil pump used in conjunction with the main lubricating oil circulating pump for pumping the lubricating oil from said centrifugal seal region to a lubricating oil reservoir com-prising a part of the lubricating oil supply system.
14. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal according to claim 13 further including a pressurized labyrinth buffer seal positioned on the rotating member adjacent the plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal intermediate the plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal and a hostile high pressure atmosphere and coacting with the plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal to form a combined two-stage labyrinth and magnetic/centrifugal seal against the high pressure hostile atmosphere.
15. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal according to claim 10 wherein the low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid comprises the lubricating oil of an apparatus or machine on which the seal is used with the means for re-ceiving and pooling the low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid being included in and comprising a part of the lubricating oil cooling and supply system for the machine and wherein said centrifugal seal serves as an auxillary lubricating oil pump used in conjunction with the main lubricating oil circulating pump for pumping the lubricating oil from said centrifugal seal region to a lubricating oil reservoir com-prising a part of the lubricating oil supply system.
16. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal according to claim 15 further including a pressurized labyrinth buffer seal positioned on the rotating member adjacent the plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal intermediate the plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal and a hostile high pressure atmosphere and coacting with the plural fluid magnetic/
centrigugal seal to form a combined two-stage labyrinth and magnetic/centrifugal seal against the high pressure hostile atmosphere.
centrigugal seal to form a combined two-stage labyrinth and magnetic/centrifugal seal against the high pressure hostile atmosphere.
17. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal fluid seal according to claim 2 wherein said rotating member com-prises a rotatable shaft having a circular cross section and journaled in a housing which comprises a part of said stationary member and wherein said rotatable shaft includes a magnetically permeable annular collar vane secured thereto and rotatable with the shaft and said housing in conjunction with the stationary member defines an annular cavity surrounding the collar vane to thereby form a circumferentially arranged centrifugal seal forming region in the space between the end of the cavity and the circumferential edge of the annular collar vane, the plurality of magnetic seal stages being formed by a plurality of concentrically arranged rows of pole piece teeth disposed on each side of the collar vane in the space between the shaft and the housing with the magnetically permeable fluid being disposed in the space between the ends of the teeth and the opposing surfaces of the opposite member during the magnetic seal operating mode to thereby form plural stage magnetic seals on each side of the collar vane.
18. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal according to claim 17 wherein the portions of the shaft on each side of the annular collar vane on which the magnetic seal stages are formed are tapered from a larger diameter portion immediately adjacent the annular collar vane to a smaller diameter portion at the end of the magnetic seal stage regions away from the annular collar vane.
19. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 18 further including a reservoir for said magnetically permeable fluid formed in a space intermediate the rotating and stationary members for collecting and pooling said magnetically permeable fluid during high speed rotation of said rotating member to thereby essentially isolate the two different viscosity fluids one from the other in separate but communicating spaces.
20. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 19 wherein the high viscosity magnetically permeable fluid comprises a ferrofluid formed by a ferric suspension in a suitable carrier liquid having low viscosity and strong saturation magnetization characteristics and wherein both the magnetically permeable fluid and the low viscosity centrifugal fluid are immiscible with respect to each other and to other fluids being sealed.
21. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 20 wherein the magnetic field producing means comprises a permanent magnet capable of producing a sufficiently strong magnetic field to drive the magnetic permeable fluid into a saturation magnetization condition.
22. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 20 wherein said magnetic field producing means comprises an electromagnet capable of producing a sufficiently strong magnetic field to drive the magnetically permeable fluid into a saturation magnetization condition and electrically controlled by on/off switch means for turning the electromagnet on while the rotatable member is at rest and during slow speed operation thereof and for turning the electromagnet off during high speed rotation of the rotatable member.
23. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 21 further including means for cooling the circumferentially arranged centrifugal seal forming region of said seal during high speed rotation of said rotatable member.
24. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 22 further including means for cooling the circumferentially arranged centrifugal seal forming region of said seal during high speed rotation of said rotatable member.
25. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal according to claim 17 wherein the low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid comprises the lubricating oil of an apparatus of machine on which the seal is used with the means for re-ceiving and pooling the low viscosity centrifugal sealing fluid being included in and comprising a part of the lubricating oil cooling and supply system for the machine and wherein said centrifugal seal serves as an auxiliary lubricating oil pump used in conjunction with the main lubricating oil circulating pump for pumping the lubricating oil from said centrifugal seal region to a lubricating oil reservoir com-prising a part of the lubricating oil supply system.
26. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal according to claim 25 further including a pressurized labyrinth buffer seal positioned on the rotating member adjacent the plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal intermediate the plural fluid magneitc/centrifugal seal and a hostile high pressure atmosphere and coacting with the plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal to form a combined two-stage-labyrinth and magnetic/centrifugal seal against the high pressure hostile atmosphere.
27. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 26 wherein the magnetic field producing means comprises a permanent magnet capable of producing a sufficiently strong magnetic field to drive the magnetic permeable fluid into a saturation magnetization condition.
28. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 26 wherein said magnetic field producing means comprises an electromagnet capable of producing a sufficiently strong magnetic field to drive the magnetically permeable fluid into a saturation magentization condition and electrically controlled by on/off switch means for turning the electromagnet on while the rotatable member is at rest and during slow speed operation thereof and for turning the electromagnet off during high speed rotation of the rotatable member.
29. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-fluid seal according to claim 1 further including means for trapping and containing the magnetically permeable fluid during high speed rotation of the rotating member to thereby prevent substantial intermixture of the two different viscosity fluids.
30. A plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal-seal according to claim 29 wherein the means for trapping and containing the magnetically permeable fluid during high speed rotation comprises a reservoir for said magnetically permeable fluid formed in a space intermediate the rotating and stationary members for collecting and pooling said magnetically permeable fluid during high speed rotation of said rotating member to thereby essentially isolate the two different viscosity fluids one from the other in separate but communicating spaces.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000384234A CA1173872A (en) | 1981-08-20 | 1981-08-20 | Plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000384234A CA1173872A (en) | 1981-08-20 | 1981-08-20 | Plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1173872A true CA1173872A (en) | 1984-09-04 |
Family
ID=4120750
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000384234A Expired CA1173872A (en) | 1981-08-20 | 1981-08-20 | Plural fluid magnetic/centrifugal seal |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1173872A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101832248A (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2010-09-15 | 无锡压缩机股份有限公司 | Sealing structure of industrial oil-free reciprocating labyrinth compressor piston rod |
| US9157532B2 (en) | 2012-12-06 | 2015-10-13 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Hydraulic seal arrangement |
| CN113090760A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-09 | 北京交通大学 | Magnetic liquid sealing device |
| CN113550978A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-10-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Compact pneumatic high-speed static pressure air main shaft |
-
1981
- 1981-08-20 CA CA000384234A patent/CA1173872A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101832248A (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2010-09-15 | 无锡压缩机股份有限公司 | Sealing structure of industrial oil-free reciprocating labyrinth compressor piston rod |
| US9157532B2 (en) | 2012-12-06 | 2015-10-13 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Hydraulic seal arrangement |
| CN113090760A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-09 | 北京交通大学 | Magnetic liquid sealing device |
| CN113090760B (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2022-02-01 | 北京交通大学 | Magnetic liquid sealing device |
| CN113550978A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-10-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Compact pneumatic high-speed static pressure air main shaft |
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