CA1173318A - Solar collector and heat pipe particularly suitable for use therein - Google Patents
Solar collector and heat pipe particularly suitable for use thereinInfo
- Publication number
- CA1173318A CA1173318A CA000354850A CA354850A CA1173318A CA 1173318 A CA1173318 A CA 1173318A CA 000354850 A CA000354850 A CA 000354850A CA 354850 A CA354850 A CA 354850A CA 1173318 A CA1173318 A CA 1173318A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- heat pipe
- solar collector
- working medium
- isobutane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
- F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/20—Working fluids specially adapted for solar heat collectors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
Abstract
PHN 9516 8.4.1980 ABSTRACT :
"Solar collector and heat pipe particularly suitable for use therein".
A solar collector comprising a plate-like ab-sorber for collecting solar radiation which is thermally conductively connected to an evaporator section of a heat pipe which can be made to exchange heat with a further heat transport system by way of a condensor section, the heat pipe containing isobutane as the working medium.
The invention also relates to a heat pipe which is suitable for use in said solar collector.
"Solar collector and heat pipe particularly suitable for use therein".
A solar collector comprising a plate-like ab-sorber for collecting solar radiation which is thermally conductively connected to an evaporator section of a heat pipe which can be made to exchange heat with a further heat transport system by way of a condensor section, the heat pipe containing isobutane as the working medium.
The invention also relates to a heat pipe which is suitable for use in said solar collector.
Description
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"Solar coll0ctor and heat pipe particularly suitable for ; ~ use therein".
,. .
The invention relates to a solar collector, com-~- prising an absorber for collecting solar radiation which is -~; thermally conductively connected to an evaporat:Lon section , of a heat transport system which is constructed as a heat i` - 5 pipe and which can be made to exchange heat with a further heat transport system by way of a condensor section, the heat pipe containing a working medium having a critical temperature which is lower than the permissible maximum temperature in the further h0at transport system.
~ 0 A solar collector of the kind set forth is known ;~ from United States Patent Specification 3,3907672.
;~ - In solar collectors of this kind, the condensed `. working medium collects in the evaporator section of the ~ heat pipe in the cold condition. When heat is applied from :
the absorber, the working medium starts to evaporate. The vapour flows to the condensor section where it gives off heat to the medium in the -further heat transport system.
; The condensate subsequently returns to the evaporator section.
The transport of heat from the evaporator to the condensor continues for as long as a phase transition of the working medium is possible. For example, if the tempe-rature of the heat pipe rises beyond the critical tempera-ture of the working medium, the ability to transPer heat is almost eliminated. Thus, the maximum temperature at which the transfer of heat ceases can be determined by selection of the working rnedium. This is of major importance, because the further heat transport system whereto the heat is ap-plied usually may not exceed a given temperature.
3~ Said United States Patent Specification 3,390,672 mentions working media for a number of temperature ranges, - such as ethyl alcohol, ethyl ether, Freon 11, ~reon 113.
Working media for heat pipe applications are also known .. ~ , ~.
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"Solar coll0ctor and heat pipe particularly suitable for ; ~ use therein".
,. .
The invention relates to a solar collector, com-~- prising an absorber for collecting solar radiation which is -~; thermally conductively connected to an evaporat:Lon section , of a heat transport system which is constructed as a heat i` - 5 pipe and which can be made to exchange heat with a further heat transport system by way of a condensor section, the heat pipe containing a working medium having a critical temperature which is lower than the permissible maximum temperature in the further h0at transport system.
~ 0 A solar collector of the kind set forth is known ;~ from United States Patent Specification 3,3907672.
;~ - In solar collectors of this kind, the condensed `. working medium collects in the evaporator section of the ~ heat pipe in the cold condition. When heat is applied from :
the absorber, the working medium starts to evaporate. The vapour flows to the condensor section where it gives off heat to the medium in the -further heat transport system.
; The condensate subsequently returns to the evaporator section.
The transport of heat from the evaporator to the condensor continues for as long as a phase transition of the working medium is possible. For example, if the tempe-rature of the heat pipe rises beyond the critical tempera-ture of the working medium, the ability to transPer heat is almost eliminated. Thus, the maximum temperature at which the transfer of heat ceases can be determined by selection of the working rnedium. This is of major importance, because the further heat transport system whereto the heat is ap-plied usually may not exceed a given temperature.
3~ Said United States Patent Specification 3,390,672 mentions working media for a number of temperature ranges, - such as ethyl alcohol, ethyl ether, Freon 11, ~reon 113.
Working media for heat pipe applications are also known .. ~ , ~.
''' ~
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; ! from other literature, for example, ammonia, propane and a number of other Freons. It is to be noted that Freon is a registered tradernark. A drawback of all these known working media consists in that they start to decompose af-ter some ~; 5 time, thus producing residual gases which no longer parti-~` cipate in the evaporation/condensation process and which collect at the highest part of the condensor. As a result, a part of the condensor, and aPter a prolonged period of ~ time possibly even the entire condensor becomes inactive, i;''"-and hence also the heat pip9.
The invention has for its object to provide a ~ solar collector of the described kind in which the working <i medium used in -the heat pipe is a medium which does not ; decompose in the course of tirne and which has a heat -trans-fer capacity which varies rather steeply with the tempera-ture, so that a-t the normal operating temperature there is ~` a high heat transfer capacity which subsequently very - rapidly decreases to the value zero at the critical tempe-~ rature. Further heat transport then talces place only under ;~ 20 the inPluence of heat conduction and convection.
The solar collector in accordance with the in-vention is characterized in that the working medium is isobutane.
Isobutane ofPers the major advantage that even at higher temperatures it is a very stable compound which does not decompose.
Furthermore, isobutane has a critical temperature ; of 135 C which is an acceptable maximum temperature Por the further heat transport system.
; 30 The heat transfer capacity oP isobutane varies - rather steeply with the temperature. This means that while the heat transfer capacity is zero at the critical tempera-ture, it already has a substantial value at the desired operating tempera-ture of approximately 9OC. A high heat transPer capacity in operating conditions is important, ; because the surface oP the condensor may be smaller as the -;` heat transPer capacity is higher.
~` The invention Purthermore relates to a heat pipe ... . .
,:, " ~
.",,.~ , ~.~733~
, . .
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-` 3 ` which is particularly suitable for use in a solar collector and which is characteri~ed in that it contains isobutane as the working medium.
The invention will be described in detail herein-after with reference to the accompanying drawing which dia~
~,i grammatically shows a solar collector by way o~ example.
The solar collector shown comprises a plate-shaped ` absorber 1 which is thermally conductively connected to the evaporator section 2 of a tubular heat pipe 3. The upper ~; lO side of the absorber 1 is provided with a solar heat absorb-ing layer.
The heat pipe 2 ~urthermore comprises a condensor section 4 which exchanges heat with a liquid in a further heat transpor-t system 5 which is only partly shown. The ab-lS sorber plate 1 and the evaporator section 3 of the heatpipe are accommodated in a glass envelope 6 having a round cross-section. The lower side 7 of this envelope is sealed.
The upper side of the envelope is sealed by a part 8, also made of glass, which is sealed -to a thin-walled sleeve ~
of a suitable metal, for example, chromium iron which is soldered or welded to the hea-t pipe 2 in a vacuumtight man-ner.
Thermal stresses between the heat pipe and the glass envelope are substantially avoided by this construct-; 25 ion. Subatmospheric pressure prevails in the glass envelope.
At the ends of the plate-like absorber 1 there are provided supporting plates 11 and 12. The plate 12 at the same time serves for centring the heat pipe.
Because the absorber 1 and the evaporator section
; ! from other literature, for example, ammonia, propane and a number of other Freons. It is to be noted that Freon is a registered tradernark. A drawback of all these known working media consists in that they start to decompose af-ter some ~; 5 time, thus producing residual gases which no longer parti-~` cipate in the evaporation/condensation process and which collect at the highest part of the condensor. As a result, a part of the condensor, and aPter a prolonged period of ~ time possibly even the entire condensor becomes inactive, i;''"-and hence also the heat pip9.
The invention has for its object to provide a ~ solar collector of the described kind in which the working <i medium used in -the heat pipe is a medium which does not ; decompose in the course of tirne and which has a heat -trans-fer capacity which varies rather steeply with the tempera-ture, so that a-t the normal operating temperature there is ~` a high heat transfer capacity which subsequently very - rapidly decreases to the value zero at the critical tempe-~ rature. Further heat transport then talces place only under ;~ 20 the inPluence of heat conduction and convection.
The solar collector in accordance with the in-vention is characterized in that the working medium is isobutane.
Isobutane ofPers the major advantage that even at higher temperatures it is a very stable compound which does not decompose.
Furthermore, isobutane has a critical temperature ; of 135 C which is an acceptable maximum temperature Por the further heat transport system.
; 30 The heat transfer capacity oP isobutane varies - rather steeply with the temperature. This means that while the heat transfer capacity is zero at the critical tempera-ture, it already has a substantial value at the desired operating tempera-ture of approximately 9OC. A high heat transPer capacity in operating conditions is important, ; because the surface oP the condensor may be smaller as the -;` heat transPer capacity is higher.
~` The invention Purthermore relates to a heat pipe ... . .
,:, " ~
.",,.~ , ~.~733~
, . .
, .;, ,;, .
-` 3 ` which is particularly suitable for use in a solar collector and which is characteri~ed in that it contains isobutane as the working medium.
The invention will be described in detail herein-after with reference to the accompanying drawing which dia~
~,i grammatically shows a solar collector by way o~ example.
The solar collector shown comprises a plate-shaped ` absorber 1 which is thermally conductively connected to the evaporator section 2 of a tubular heat pipe 3. The upper ~; lO side of the absorber 1 is provided with a solar heat absorb-ing layer.
The heat pipe 2 ~urthermore comprises a condensor section 4 which exchanges heat with a liquid in a further heat transpor-t system 5 which is only partly shown. The ab-lS sorber plate 1 and the evaporator section 3 of the heatpipe are accommodated in a glass envelope 6 having a round cross-section. The lower side 7 of this envelope is sealed.
The upper side of the envelope is sealed by a part 8, also made of glass, which is sealed -to a thin-walled sleeve ~
of a suitable metal, for example, chromium iron which is soldered or welded to the hea-t pipe 2 in a vacuumtight man-ner.
Thermal stresses between the heat pipe and the glass envelope are substantially avoided by this construct-; 25 ion. Subatmospheric pressure prevails in the glass envelope.
At the ends of the plate-like absorber 1 there are provided supporting plates 11 and 12. The plate 12 at the same time serves for centring the heat pipe.
Because the absorber 1 and the evaporator section
3 are arranged in a vacuum envelope, the heat losses remain small. A further improvement in this respect can be obtained by providing part of or the entire inner side of -the glass - envelope with a selective hea-t reflective layer of, ~or example, zinc-doped indium oxide.
:
The working medium present in the heat pipe 2 is isobutane which evaporates due to the heat given off to the evaporator section 3 by the absorber plate l. The vapour flows to the condensor where it condenses while : . `
,i`
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~ . .
giving off its evaporation heat which is transferred to the liquid :in the system 5 via the condensor wall.
The operating temperature of the solar collector ~` is preferably restricted to approximately 9O where the isobutane still has a favourable heat transfer capacity.
. .
;Should the temperature of the collector rise for some reason, for example, because the system 5 withdraws too little heat, the temperatures may become very high, ~even beyond 3OO C, in given circumstances, and i-t has been `i 10 found that even at this temperature isobutane does not de-compose. ~he heat transfer capacity by the evaporation/
condensation cycle then rapidly decreases~ until it becomes zero at approximately 135 ~ which is the crltical tempe-rature of isobutane. ~urther heat transport to the system 5 is effecte~ only by conduction and convection, so that the :
tempera-ture of this system will not become -too high.
In comparison wi-th all other known working media in systems operating with comparatively low maximum permis-sible temperatures, isobutane offers the advantage that it is a thermally very stable compound, which means that no gaseous parts are separated which could disturb the opera-tion of the heat pipe.
In addition to this high stability, isobutane also has a high heat transfer capacity at the normal ope-rating temperature, which means that the surface of thecondensor section 4 may be comparatively small.
~ .
,.: 30 : `~
` .`
~ . .
. '' "'' .
; 35 ~ .
.
.. .
:
The working medium present in the heat pipe 2 is isobutane which evaporates due to the heat given off to the evaporator section 3 by the absorber plate l. The vapour flows to the condensor where it condenses while : . `
,i`
":
~!, L~
~ . .
giving off its evaporation heat which is transferred to the liquid :in the system 5 via the condensor wall.
The operating temperature of the solar collector ~` is preferably restricted to approximately 9O where the isobutane still has a favourable heat transfer capacity.
. .
;Should the temperature of the collector rise for some reason, for example, because the system 5 withdraws too little heat, the temperatures may become very high, ~even beyond 3OO C, in given circumstances, and i-t has been `i 10 found that even at this temperature isobutane does not de-compose. ~he heat transfer capacity by the evaporation/
condensation cycle then rapidly decreases~ until it becomes zero at approximately 135 ~ which is the crltical tempe-rature of isobutane. ~urther heat transport to the system 5 is effecte~ only by conduction and convection, so that the :
tempera-ture of this system will not become -too high.
In comparison wi-th all other known working media in systems operating with comparatively low maximum permis-sible temperatures, isobutane offers the advantage that it is a thermally very stable compound, which means that no gaseous parts are separated which could disturb the opera-tion of the heat pipe.
In addition to this high stability, isobutane also has a high heat transfer capacity at the normal ope-rating temperature, which means that the surface of thecondensor section 4 may be comparatively small.
~ .
,.: 30 : `~
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~ . .
. '' "'' .
; 35 ~ .
.
.. .
Claims (2)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A solar collector, comprising a plate-like absorber for collecting solar radiation which is thermally conductively connected to an evaporator section of a heat transport system which is constructed as a heat pipe and which can be made to exchange heat with a further heat transport system by way of a condensor section, the heat pipe containing a working medium having a critical tempe-rature which is lower than the permissible maximum tempe-rature in the further heat transport system, characterized in that the working medium is isobutane.
2. A heat pipe which is particularly suitable for use in the solar collector claimed in Claim 1, character-ized in that it contains isobutane as the working medium.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL7905057 | 1979-06-29 | ||
| NL7905057A NL7905057A (en) | 1979-06-29 | 1979-06-29 | SOLAR COLLECTOR AND HEAT PIPE, ESPECIALLY SUITABLE FOR APPLICATION THEREIN. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1173318A true CA1173318A (en) | 1984-08-28 |
Family
ID=19833444
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000354850A Expired CA1173318A (en) | 1979-06-29 | 1980-06-26 | Solar collector and heat pipe particularly suitable for use therein |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5610656A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU538910B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1173318A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3024129A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2460456A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2053453B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1132137B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7905057A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8004720L (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL8102619A (en) * | 1981-05-29 | 1982-12-16 | Philips Nv | SOLAR COLLECTOR AND HEAT PIPE, ESPECIALLY SUITABLE FOR APPLICATION THEREIN. |
| CN1707199B (en) * | 2004-06-11 | 2010-04-28 | 潘戈 | Packaging structure for solar energy glass energy gathering tube |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3390672A (en) * | 1966-07-12 | 1968-07-02 | Melpar Inc | Solar heating device |
| GB1359378A (en) * | 1972-04-07 | 1974-07-10 | Secretary Trade Ind Brit | Systems for warming ground surface structures |
| GB1533241A (en) * | 1975-01-20 | 1978-11-22 | Bennett C | Solar panels |
| JPS5854355B2 (en) * | 1976-05-26 | 1983-12-03 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | heat transfer equipment |
| US4063419A (en) * | 1976-11-12 | 1977-12-20 | Garrett Donald E | Energy production from solar ponds |
| US4078975A (en) * | 1977-01-31 | 1978-03-14 | Uop Inc. | Solar potable water recovery and power generation from salinous water |
-
1979
- 1979-06-29 NL NL7905057A patent/NL7905057A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1980
- 1980-06-25 AU AU59590/80A patent/AU538910B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-06-25 FR FR8014143A patent/FR2460456A1/en active Granted
- 1980-06-26 JP JP8602380A patent/JPS5610656A/en active Pending
- 1980-06-26 CA CA000354850A patent/CA1173318A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-06-26 SE SE8004720A patent/SE8004720L/en unknown
- 1980-06-26 GB GB8021014A patent/GB2053453B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-06-26 IT IT23068/80A patent/IT1132137B/en active
- 1980-06-27 DE DE19803024129 patent/DE3024129A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5959080A (en) | 1981-01-08 |
| DE3024129A1 (en) | 1981-01-08 |
| IT8023068A0 (en) | 1980-06-26 |
| GB2053453A (en) | 1981-02-04 |
| FR2460456A1 (en) | 1981-01-23 |
| AU538910B2 (en) | 1984-08-30 |
| NL7905057A (en) | 1980-12-31 |
| JPS5610656A (en) | 1981-02-03 |
| FR2460456B1 (en) | 1984-01-13 |
| IT1132137B (en) | 1986-06-25 |
| GB2053453B (en) | 1983-06-22 |
| SE8004720L (en) | 1980-12-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |