CA1170018A - Process for cooling a metal wire obtained from a liquid jet - Google Patents
Process for cooling a metal wire obtained from a liquid jetInfo
- Publication number
- CA1170018A CA1170018A CA000355425A CA355425A CA1170018A CA 1170018 A CA1170018 A CA 1170018A CA 000355425 A CA000355425 A CA 000355425A CA 355425 A CA355425 A CA 355425A CA 1170018 A CA1170018 A CA 1170018A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- jet
- wire
- cooling fluid
- cooling
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
In order to cool the jet coming from a crucible and then the wire as it starts solidifying, there is used a cooling fluid in the form of a gaseous mixture having a base of gaseous hydrogen and at least one other component which is a compound of hydrogen capable of an endothermic chemical reaction in contact with the jet (wire) and of a chemical composition such that the product or products of this reaction have a high molecular content (mol %) of free hydrogen.
In order to cool the jet coming from a crucible and then the wire as it starts solidifying, there is used a cooling fluid in the form of a gaseous mixture having a base of gaseous hydrogen and at least one other component which is a compound of hydrogen capable of an endothermic chemical reaction in contact with the jet (wire) and of a chemical composition such that the product or products of this reaction have a high molecular content (mol %) of free hydrogen.
Description
~ 1 3~Vl~
PROCESS FOR COOLING A MF.T~L WIRE OBTAINED FROM
A LIQUID JET
of which the following is a SPECIFICATION
This invention relates to processes for manufacturing a wire of metal or metal alloy in an installation comprising essentially a cr~cible containing the molten metal or metal alloy, a die arranged in a wall of the crucible, an enclosure containing a pressurizing fluid acting on the metal or metal alloy in th~ crucible and another enclosure following the die and containing a cooling fluid, the wire being obtained by projecting a jet of the metal or metal alloy, under the effect of the pressurizing ~luid, through the die into the cooling enclosure, wherein the liquid jet is cooled and trans~ormed into solid wire.
U.S. patent No. 3,543,-831 describes the cooling of a metal jet coming from a die by means of a suspension of liquid or solid particles. T.he particles are capable of reacting chemically in contact with the hot jet. The chemical reaction upon the contact oE the particles with the jet may be of the endothermic type in the case of solid , .- ; :
~:~
70 0 ~ 8 particles, they being intended to form a solid coating on the wire.
U.S. patents Nos. 4,149,584 and 4,153,099 describe an enclosure and a cooling fluid in which a fluid having a base of hydrogen and water vapor forming a mist is used. The droplets of water of the mist by coming into contact with the jet (wire) contribute by evaporation to the cooling of the latter.
The object of the present invention i5 to improve the ~ate of the heat exchange in the cooling enclosure between the jet (wire) and the cooling ~luid in the form of a gaseous mixture having a base of gaseous hydrogen and at least one other component.
The method of cooling employed in processes for the manufacture of wire of metal or metal alloy of the type described above, employing a cooling 1uid in the ~or~ of a gaseous mixture having a base of gaseous hydrogen~
and at least one other component in the cooling enclosure is char~cterized in accordance with the invention by the use of a cooling fluid in which the other component is a compound of hydrogen capable of an endothermic chemical ~eaction in contact with the jet (wire) and o a chemical composition such that the product or products of this reaction have a high molecular content (mol %) o free hydrogen.
The invention thus constitutes a combination between the cooling effect due to the endothermic chemical reaction of the other component and the cooling effect due to the enrichment of the cooling ~luid in hydrogen by the large amounts of free hydrogen resulting from the reaction , nJ~ ~ o ~
o~ the other component. Gaseous hydrogen has a thermal conductivity which is far greater than that of other gases, such as helium, argon, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Further-more, the specific heat per unit of mass of hydrogen is large.
S The expression "jet (wire)" means that the cooling fluid acts first of all on the jet hut may also act on the wire, as long as the temperature of the wire permits the maintaining of the endothermic c~emical reaction.
It is also possible to use as khe other component an oxygen donor, particularly within the scope of the processes for the manufacture o steel wires in accordance ~ith U.S. patents Nos. 3,933,441 and 3,861,452, the steel prqjected into the cooling fluid having a content of silicon and possihly o~ manganese such tha~ the oxidation product upon the contact of the jet with the cooling fluid is silica.
The silica sheathing thus produced stabilizes the jet and permits the manufacture of continuous wires.
Instead of using a single other component in the gaseous mixture containing hydrogen which dissociates within the course of an endothexmic chemical reaction liberating ~ree hydrogen when it comes into contact with the ~et (wixe), one may use two other components which react endothermically with each other in-eontact with the ~et (wire), liberating ~ree hydrogen.
Examples of cooling fluids which can be used within the scope of the process elaimed are given below:
Example 1 In this example, the other component of the cooling fluid in aceordance with the invention undergoes an endo-thermic chemical dissociation reaetion when, in contact ~;3-: , ~ ~ ~ 7~0~
with the jet, it reaches its dissociation temperature.
The component itself as well as the products resulting from its dissociation are chemically inert with respec-t to the jet (wire) of metal or metal alloy. A cooling ~luid formed of a gaseous mixture of 50 mol % ammonia (NH3) and 50 mol ~ hydrogen (H2) is used. The liquid ammonia under pressure ln a cylinder is autovaporized by expansion in a number of atomizers which discharge into the cooling enclosure. The boiliny point of ammonia at a pressure of one atmosphere is equal to -33.3C.
The ammonia coming into contact with a jet of liquid steel of a diameter of 1 mm dissociates endother-mically in accordance with the equation:
2NH3 - N2 + 3H2 the products of the dissociation containing 75 mol ~ of free hydrogen~
The endothermic dissociation and the ree hydrogen contributed by the dissociation absorb large amounts of heat.
The thermal transfer is increased by about 30% as compared with a mixture of water vapor and hydrogen.
Example 2 In this example, there are two other cooling-1uid components in accordance with the invention which undergo an endothermic chemical reaction between themselves when, in contact with the jet, the temperature for this reaction is reached.
A first other component is water vapor, incorporated in H2 by sakurating the latter by passage through an ordinary humidifier which makes it possible to reach saturation with ~70~
water at 70C; this gaseous mixture which contains 69 mol of hydrogen is injected into the cooling enclosure. The second other component is propane (boiling point at one atmosphere; -42.6C.) injected into the cooling enclosure.
50 mol % of the f irst other component ~water vapor) are mixed with 50 mol ~ of the second other component (propane), the liquefied propane under pressure in a cylinder being auto-vaporized by expansion in a number of atomizers discharg ing into the cooling enclosure.
The propane (C3H8~ coming into contact with the ~et (wire) of stainless steel of 1.75 mm in diameter participates, as well as the water vapor, in the endothermic chemical reaction in accordance with the equation.
C3H8 + 3H2~ 3CO + 7~2 the products of the xeaction containing 70 mol ~ free hydrogen.
The thermal transfer is improved by about 50 as compared with a mixture of water vapor and hydrogen.
It is to be noted that the carbon monoxide (CO~
liberated during the said reaction contains oxygen. It can therefore be used as oxygen donor of the cooling fluid for the production of silicon steel wire by the processes described in U.S. patents Nos. 3~861,452 and 3,933,441 which have been mentioned above.
In place of propane, one can use other hydrocarbons which hav~e a boiling point less than ambient temperature, are of low cost and are readily available on the market in liquid and compressed state, such as ethane, butane, isobutane, propadiene and butadiene.
, _ .
' .
.
' , ':,' ~ .
J ~ ~o()~
Example 3 .~ I
A cooling 1uid containing 45 mol % of hydrogen (H2) and 55 mol % of the following two other components is used:
- lst other component: 45 mol % of propane (C3H~) injected at several points close to the jet (wire) after expansion in an orifice with au-to-vaporization of the propane coming Erom a liquefied gas cy,linder under pressure.
-~ 2nd other c~e~ 10 mol ~ of water vapor ~2) injected at several poin*s close to the ]et (wire~
a~ter expansion in an orifice with auto-vaporization of the water heated to 200C. under a pressure of 17 atmospheres.
After endothermic chemical reaction between the water ~apor (steam) and propane in contact with the jet (wire) in accordance with the equation C3H~ + 3H2O -~ 3CO ~ 7H~, th~ products of the reaction contain 70 mol % of free h~drogen.
The heat transfer is improved 53% as compared with,a mixture of water vapor and hydrogen.
In these three examples, the cooling fluid in accordance with the invention has a specific weight greater than that of a cooling fluid formed of a mixture of hydrogen 2S and water vapor: The mixture of Example 1 has a specific weigh~ which is 4.75 times greater, the mixture of Example 2 has a specific weight which is 11.5 times greater, and the mixture of Example 3 has a specific weight which is 10.4 times greater than that of a mixture of hydrogen and water vapor.
~ ~ 7Q~
To use a cooling fluid of a specific weight greater than that of a mixture of hydrogen and water vapor is of interest, particularly in installations in which a cooling fluid is also used to support the jet (wire~ and/or stabilize it.
In general, the cooling fluid in accordance with the invention is at a pressure close to ambient pressure.
Furthermore, it is advantageous to use a cooling fluid having a base of as large an amount as possible of hydrogen, preferably at least 30 mol % but not exceeding 80 mol % of the initial composition of the cooling fluid, as well as one or more other components, the product or products of the endothermic chemical reaction of which in contact with the jet (wire) contain as large an amount as possible of free hydrogen, preferably at least 50 mol %.
By initial composition there is understood the composition of the cooling fluid before the contact with the jet twire) and before the endothermic chemical reaction which this contact initiates. By reaction products there are un-derstood the products appearing on the right-hand side of the chemical equations symbolizing the endothermic chemical reaction.
~1
PROCESS FOR COOLING A MF.T~L WIRE OBTAINED FROM
A LIQUID JET
of which the following is a SPECIFICATION
This invention relates to processes for manufacturing a wire of metal or metal alloy in an installation comprising essentially a cr~cible containing the molten metal or metal alloy, a die arranged in a wall of the crucible, an enclosure containing a pressurizing fluid acting on the metal or metal alloy in th~ crucible and another enclosure following the die and containing a cooling fluid, the wire being obtained by projecting a jet of the metal or metal alloy, under the effect of the pressurizing ~luid, through the die into the cooling enclosure, wherein the liquid jet is cooled and trans~ormed into solid wire.
U.S. patent No. 3,543,-831 describes the cooling of a metal jet coming from a die by means of a suspension of liquid or solid particles. T.he particles are capable of reacting chemically in contact with the hot jet. The chemical reaction upon the contact oE the particles with the jet may be of the endothermic type in the case of solid , .- ; :
~:~
70 0 ~ 8 particles, they being intended to form a solid coating on the wire.
U.S. patents Nos. 4,149,584 and 4,153,099 describe an enclosure and a cooling fluid in which a fluid having a base of hydrogen and water vapor forming a mist is used. The droplets of water of the mist by coming into contact with the jet (wire) contribute by evaporation to the cooling of the latter.
The object of the present invention i5 to improve the ~ate of the heat exchange in the cooling enclosure between the jet (wire) and the cooling ~luid in the form of a gaseous mixture having a base of gaseous hydrogen and at least one other component.
The method of cooling employed in processes for the manufacture of wire of metal or metal alloy of the type described above, employing a cooling 1uid in the ~or~ of a gaseous mixture having a base of gaseous hydrogen~
and at least one other component in the cooling enclosure is char~cterized in accordance with the invention by the use of a cooling fluid in which the other component is a compound of hydrogen capable of an endothermic chemical ~eaction in contact with the jet (wire) and o a chemical composition such that the product or products of this reaction have a high molecular content (mol %) o free hydrogen.
The invention thus constitutes a combination between the cooling effect due to the endothermic chemical reaction of the other component and the cooling effect due to the enrichment of the cooling ~luid in hydrogen by the large amounts of free hydrogen resulting from the reaction , nJ~ ~ o ~
o~ the other component. Gaseous hydrogen has a thermal conductivity which is far greater than that of other gases, such as helium, argon, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Further-more, the specific heat per unit of mass of hydrogen is large.
S The expression "jet (wire)" means that the cooling fluid acts first of all on the jet hut may also act on the wire, as long as the temperature of the wire permits the maintaining of the endothermic c~emical reaction.
It is also possible to use as khe other component an oxygen donor, particularly within the scope of the processes for the manufacture o steel wires in accordance ~ith U.S. patents Nos. 3,933,441 and 3,861,452, the steel prqjected into the cooling fluid having a content of silicon and possihly o~ manganese such tha~ the oxidation product upon the contact of the jet with the cooling fluid is silica.
The silica sheathing thus produced stabilizes the jet and permits the manufacture of continuous wires.
Instead of using a single other component in the gaseous mixture containing hydrogen which dissociates within the course of an endothexmic chemical reaction liberating ~ree hydrogen when it comes into contact with the ~et (wixe), one may use two other components which react endothermically with each other in-eontact with the ~et (wire), liberating ~ree hydrogen.
Examples of cooling fluids which can be used within the scope of the process elaimed are given below:
Example 1 In this example, the other component of the cooling fluid in aceordance with the invention undergoes an endo-thermic chemical dissociation reaetion when, in contact ~;3-: , ~ ~ ~ 7~0~
with the jet, it reaches its dissociation temperature.
The component itself as well as the products resulting from its dissociation are chemically inert with respec-t to the jet (wire) of metal or metal alloy. A cooling ~luid formed of a gaseous mixture of 50 mol % ammonia (NH3) and 50 mol ~ hydrogen (H2) is used. The liquid ammonia under pressure ln a cylinder is autovaporized by expansion in a number of atomizers which discharge into the cooling enclosure. The boiliny point of ammonia at a pressure of one atmosphere is equal to -33.3C.
The ammonia coming into contact with a jet of liquid steel of a diameter of 1 mm dissociates endother-mically in accordance with the equation:
2NH3 - N2 + 3H2 the products of the dissociation containing 75 mol ~ of free hydrogen~
The endothermic dissociation and the ree hydrogen contributed by the dissociation absorb large amounts of heat.
The thermal transfer is increased by about 30% as compared with a mixture of water vapor and hydrogen.
Example 2 In this example, there are two other cooling-1uid components in accordance with the invention which undergo an endothermic chemical reaction between themselves when, in contact with the jet, the temperature for this reaction is reached.
A first other component is water vapor, incorporated in H2 by sakurating the latter by passage through an ordinary humidifier which makes it possible to reach saturation with ~70~
water at 70C; this gaseous mixture which contains 69 mol of hydrogen is injected into the cooling enclosure. The second other component is propane (boiling point at one atmosphere; -42.6C.) injected into the cooling enclosure.
50 mol % of the f irst other component ~water vapor) are mixed with 50 mol ~ of the second other component (propane), the liquefied propane under pressure in a cylinder being auto-vaporized by expansion in a number of atomizers discharg ing into the cooling enclosure.
The propane (C3H8~ coming into contact with the ~et (wire) of stainless steel of 1.75 mm in diameter participates, as well as the water vapor, in the endothermic chemical reaction in accordance with the equation.
C3H8 + 3H2~ 3CO + 7~2 the products of the xeaction containing 70 mol ~ free hydrogen.
The thermal transfer is improved by about 50 as compared with a mixture of water vapor and hydrogen.
It is to be noted that the carbon monoxide (CO~
liberated during the said reaction contains oxygen. It can therefore be used as oxygen donor of the cooling fluid for the production of silicon steel wire by the processes described in U.S. patents Nos. 3~861,452 and 3,933,441 which have been mentioned above.
In place of propane, one can use other hydrocarbons which hav~e a boiling point less than ambient temperature, are of low cost and are readily available on the market in liquid and compressed state, such as ethane, butane, isobutane, propadiene and butadiene.
, _ .
' .
.
' , ':,' ~ .
J ~ ~o()~
Example 3 .~ I
A cooling 1uid containing 45 mol % of hydrogen (H2) and 55 mol % of the following two other components is used:
- lst other component: 45 mol % of propane (C3H~) injected at several points close to the jet (wire) after expansion in an orifice with au-to-vaporization of the propane coming Erom a liquefied gas cy,linder under pressure.
-~ 2nd other c~e~ 10 mol ~ of water vapor ~2) injected at several poin*s close to the ]et (wire~
a~ter expansion in an orifice with auto-vaporization of the water heated to 200C. under a pressure of 17 atmospheres.
After endothermic chemical reaction between the water ~apor (steam) and propane in contact with the jet (wire) in accordance with the equation C3H~ + 3H2O -~ 3CO ~ 7H~, th~ products of the reaction contain 70 mol % of free h~drogen.
The heat transfer is improved 53% as compared with,a mixture of water vapor and hydrogen.
In these three examples, the cooling fluid in accordance with the invention has a specific weight greater than that of a cooling fluid formed of a mixture of hydrogen 2S and water vapor: The mixture of Example 1 has a specific weigh~ which is 4.75 times greater, the mixture of Example 2 has a specific weight which is 11.5 times greater, and the mixture of Example 3 has a specific weight which is 10.4 times greater than that of a mixture of hydrogen and water vapor.
~ ~ 7Q~
To use a cooling fluid of a specific weight greater than that of a mixture of hydrogen and water vapor is of interest, particularly in installations in which a cooling fluid is also used to support the jet (wire~ and/or stabilize it.
In general, the cooling fluid in accordance with the invention is at a pressure close to ambient pressure.
Furthermore, it is advantageous to use a cooling fluid having a base of as large an amount as possible of hydrogen, preferably at least 30 mol % but not exceeding 80 mol % of the initial composition of the cooling fluid, as well as one or more other components, the product or products of the endothermic chemical reaction of which in contact with the jet (wire) contain as large an amount as possible of free hydrogen, preferably at least 50 mol %.
By initial composition there is understood the composition of the cooling fluid before the contact with the jet twire) and before the endothermic chemical reaction which this contact initiates. By reaction products there are un-derstood the products appearing on the right-hand side of the chemical equations symbolizing the endothermic chemical reaction.
~1
Claims (8)
1. A process for cooling a wire of metal or metal alloy produced in an installation comprising essentially a crucible containing the molten metal or metal alloy, a die arranged in a wall of the crucible, an enclosure containing a pressurizing fluid acting on the metal or metal alloy in the crucible and another enclosure following the die and containing a cooling fluid in the form of a gaseous mixture having a base of gaseous hydrogen and at least one other component, the wire being obtained by projecting a jet of the metal or metal alloy through the die into the cooling enclosure, characterized by the use of a cooling fluid in which said other component is a compound of hydrogen capable of an endothermic chemical reaction in contact with the jet (wire) and of a chemical composition such that the product or products of said reaction have a high molecular content (mol %) of free hydrogen.
2. The process according to claim 1, characterized by the use of a cooling fluid having a base of at least 30 mol % but not exceeding 80 mol % of gaseous hydrogen referred to the initial composition of the cooling fluid.
3. The process according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said other component has a chemical composition such that the product or products of said reaction contain at least 50 mol % of free hydrogen.
4. The process according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by the fact that the cooling fluid contains two other components which participate in an endothermic chemical reaction in contact with the jet (wire).
5. The process according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by the fact that aid other component undergoes an endothermic chemical dissociation reaction in contact with the jet (wire).
6. The process according to claim 1, 2, or 3, used to manufacture wire by projecting a jet of steel into a cooling fluid, the steel having a content of silicon and possibly of manganese such that the oxidation product upon the contact of the jet with an oxygen-donor cooling fluid is silica, characterized by the fact that a product of the endothermic chemical reaction in contact with the jet (wire) contains oxygen and is used as oxygen-donor of the cooling fluid.
7. The process according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said other component is ammonia.
8. The process according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said other components are water vapor and a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, propadiene and butadiene.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000355425A CA1170018A (en) | 1980-07-04 | 1980-07-04 | Process for cooling a metal wire obtained from a liquid jet |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000355425A CA1170018A (en) | 1980-07-04 | 1980-07-04 | Process for cooling a metal wire obtained from a liquid jet |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1170018A true CA1170018A (en) | 1984-07-03 |
Family
ID=4117341
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000355425A Expired CA1170018A (en) | 1980-07-04 | 1980-07-04 | Process for cooling a metal wire obtained from a liquid jet |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1170018A (en) |
-
1980
- 1980-07-04 CA CA000355425A patent/CA1170018A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |