CA1169311A - Heating boiler for the combustion of pressed straw bales - Google Patents
Heating boiler for the combustion of pressed straw balesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1169311A CA1169311A CA000385795A CA385795A CA1169311A CA 1169311 A CA1169311 A CA 1169311A CA 000385795 A CA000385795 A CA 000385795A CA 385795 A CA385795 A CA 385795A CA 1169311 A CA1169311 A CA 1169311A
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ash
- combustion chamber
- combustion
- heating boiler
- straw
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A heating boiler for substantially continuous controlled combustion of baled straw. The boiler includes a straw feed channel communicating with a combustion chamber having a combustion zone adjacent the rear wall of the combustion chamber, a flue gas heat exchange chamber above the combustion chamber in communication with a flue gas vent and an ash collecting pit below the combustion chamber. A horizontal floor is disposed between the combustion chamber and the ash collecting pit, the floor having a slot adjacent the rear wall of the combustion chamber for passage of ash from the combustion zone into the ash collecting pit and for intake of primary air into the combustion zone. A vertically rotatable ash stripper assembly extends from the rear wall of the combustion chamber, and serves to strip ash from the straw bale surface being combusted in the combustion zone.
The ash stripper assembly can be rotated by means of a hollow shaft which also constitutes a secondary air intake.
The boiler provides for substantially continuous combustion of the baled straw in a controlled fashion by restricting combustion to the area of the combustion zone adjacent the rear wall of the combustion chamber.
A heating boiler for substantially continuous controlled combustion of baled straw. The boiler includes a straw feed channel communicating with a combustion chamber having a combustion zone adjacent the rear wall of the combustion chamber, a flue gas heat exchange chamber above the combustion chamber in communication with a flue gas vent and an ash collecting pit below the combustion chamber. A horizontal floor is disposed between the combustion chamber and the ash collecting pit, the floor having a slot adjacent the rear wall of the combustion chamber for passage of ash from the combustion zone into the ash collecting pit and for intake of primary air into the combustion zone. A vertically rotatable ash stripper assembly extends from the rear wall of the combustion chamber, and serves to strip ash from the straw bale surface being combusted in the combustion zone.
The ash stripper assembly can be rotated by means of a hollow shaft which also constitutes a secondary air intake.
The boiler provides for substantially continuous combustion of the baled straw in a controlled fashion by restricting combustion to the area of the combustion zone adjacent the rear wall of the combustion chamber.
Description
:1 16~31 1 13AC1CGROUND 01~ NV13N'1':[0N
l. Field o:E_the Lnvention '1'he present invention relates to a heating boiler for substantially continuous controlled combustion of baled straw.
l. Field o:E_the Lnvention '1'he present invention relates to a heating boiler for substantially continuous controlled combustion of baled straw.
2. Prior Art Heating boilers oE the type taught in West German Offenlegungsschrift 24 00 778 are refuse incinerators in which a plug of refuse is shoved through a shaft, by means for example of a convey-lr ~crew, into a rire box. 'L'his type of heating boiler is unsuitable for continuous controll.ed combustion of baled st,raw due to the different combustion characteristics of baled straw relative to typical refuse, and even relative to straw that has not been so compressed.
The use of a heating boiler of the type taught in ~est German Offenlegungsschrift 2~1 00 778 for the combustion of straw results in an uncontrolled fire within the feect channel or a fire which either self-extingL1ishes or salolclers ancl provides very incomplete combustion of the straw clue to the formation of an ash crust whic}~ interferes wLth aces~ to the straw of the necessary combustlon air.
~UMMAI~Y 01~' '1'tll3 INVEN'l'I~N
The present invention provides a heating boiler for substantially continuous combustion of 'baled straw.
The heating boiler includes a straw feed channel communicating with a combustion chamber having a combustion zone adjacent :~ the rear wall of the combustion chamber, a flue gas heat excllange chamber above the combust:ion chamber in communication with a flue gas vent and an ash collecting pit below the . _, ... . . . , , ., . . . . , . ...... , ~ . ,.. , .. , .... _ , . ... . . _ _ , , ___~
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,
The use of a heating boiler of the type taught in ~est German Offenlegungsschrift 2~1 00 778 for the combustion of straw results in an uncontrolled fire within the feect channel or a fire which either self-extingL1ishes or salolclers ancl provides very incomplete combustion of the straw clue to the formation of an ash crust whic}~ interferes wLth aces~ to the straw of the necessary combustlon air.
~UMMAI~Y 01~' '1'tll3 INVEN'l'I~N
The present invention provides a heating boiler for substantially continuous combustion of 'baled straw.
The heating boiler includes a straw feed channel communicating with a combustion chamber having a combustion zone adjacent :~ the rear wall of the combustion chamber, a flue gas heat excllange chamber above the combust:ion chamber in communication with a flue gas vent and an ash collecting pit below the . _, ... . . . , , ., . . . . , . ...... , ~ . ,.. , .. , .... _ , . ... . . _ _ , , ___~
-- .
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3 1 ~
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combustion challlber. ~ horlzonLal ELoor :i9 (ILsposed between the combustion challlber an~l tllr as~l coLlecting plt, the ~loor having a slot a~ljacerlt the rear wa:ll o~ tlle combustion chamber Eor passage of ash from the combustion zone into the ash collecting pit and for :intake of primary a:ir into the combustion zone. ~ vertically rotatab].e ash stripper assembly extends from the rear wall of the combustion chamber, ancl serves to strip ash from the straw bale surface being combusted in the combustion %one. 'rhe ash stripper assembly can be rotated by means of a hollow sllaft whicll also constitutes a secondary air intake. The boiler provides for substantially continuous combustion o~ the baled straw in a controlled fashiorl by restricting combustion to the area of the combustion zone adjacent the rear wall of the combustion chamber.
In one particular aspect the present invention provides a heating boiler for the combustion of baled straw, comprising ~i an enclosed straw ~eed channel, provided with conveyor ,$
means, communicating with a combustion chamber llaving a combustion zone adjacent the rear wall of the combust:Lon chamber, a flue gas heat exchallge chclnlber above the combust:ion challlber and in comlllurlica~ l wLtll a L~luc gns vent, all nsh collecting pit below the combustion challlber, a horizontal floor disposed between the combustion chamber and the ash collecting pit and having a slot adjacent tlle rear wall of the combustion chamber for passage of ash from the combustion zone into the ash collecting pit and for intake of primary air into the combustion zone, an ash stripper assembly extending from the rear wall of the combustion chamber and movable in a vertical plane to strip ash from the surface of .
.
..
:l ~6g31. '~
a straw bale bein~ combusted in the combustion ~one, and at least one secon(lary air intake in the rear wal~ of the combustion chamber.
It has been Eound that the feeding of prinnary air by way of ~he slot above which the combustion zone is located, that is the zone in which the leading face of the straw bale is combusted, together with the feeding of secondary air tn the center of tbe combustion~zone and the concurrent stripping of ash, by the ash stripper assembly, without disturbing the straw being combusted per se, permits continuous uniform ,' combustion of the leading surEace of the straw bale.
~ n important feature oE the heating boiler is the fact that the entire floor of the combustion cllamber is not simply designed in the form oE a grate, as is customary, but rather is a solid floor with the slot which restricts ~he access of primary air to substantially only the combustion ;' zone.
It is also advantageous to construct the as'h stripper assembly in such a manner as to additionally constitLIte a secondary air intake. This can be accompl-Lshed 'by employillg an ash stripper assembly having one or more arms bea-ring ash stripper e'Lements mountecl upon a hollow shaft, of suitable proportions, which extends through the rear wall of the combustion chaolber and through which secondary air can be drawn or, if necessary, injected by means Eor example of a blower fan. Tlle use of the hollow shaft as the secondary air intake provides E~r cooling of the ash stripper assembly and concurrent preheating of the secondary air. The hollow shaft can be rotated, in alternate directions and at preset ;~693~1 intervals if desire(l, by sultabLe ~Irive means remote froln the combustion challlber.
The ash stripper assembly can also be constructed so that the hollow shaft is axially movable against the pressure of spring means remote Erom the combustion chamber and can be associated with a regulating element, which senses or is indicative of the shaft position, and which in turn is associated with means, such as an impulse tralsmittor, connected to the drive means for either or both the ash stripper assembly and the conveyor means.
It has also been found that the eEficiency of the combustion zone is enhanced by providillg wedge-like elements in the corners of the combustion chamber which further compress the baled straw entering the ~ombustion zone. 'l'he wedge-li~e elements, which can if desired be readily formed integrally as a part of the masonry lining, are particularly useful when horizontally fed round straw bales are used as fuel since thP leading edge being fed to the combustion zone is compressed to a generally circular shape substanti~Lly of the size and shape oE the area acted upon by the ash strLpper elements of the ash stripper assembly. ~)therwise, corner areas of the leading face of a bale would be comhusted at a substantially slower rate than that portion of the leading face from which ash is stripped by the ash stripper assembly.
It is of course possible, dependent upon the cross-sectional size of the overall combustion chamber and the cross-secLional siæe oE the combustion zone, considerations affected by the straw bale size or the number of s~raw bales intended to be fed concurrently, to provide a plurality of .... ....... . .. .. _ _ 3 ~ ~.
asll stripper asselllblies distributecl sy~net-rlca:l:Ly about ttle central point of the combustion ~one.
B~ F DFSCRLPr-lON OF_rllE DR~WLNGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectlon of a heating boiler according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of one embodiment of an ash stripper assembly;
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-section of an ash stripper assembly similar to ~hat of l~i~. 2 mountecl in association Wittl the rear wclll oE a comb-lstion chamber;
Fig. 4 is a schematic top plan of an emhocliment of a combustion chamber according to the present invention;
1'`~ g. 5 i9 a scllematic Eront elevation of a combustion chamber as viewed from the straw feed channel;
Fig. 6 is a top plan of a portion oE a particularly preferred embodiment of an ash stripner assembly;
Fig. 7 is a front elevation of the ash stripper assembly of Fig. 6;
Fig. ~ is a side elevation. part:ly in sectioll, oE a preferre~ embocliment of a combusl:ion cllalTIber -rear wall door and associated asll stripper a~elllbly mountillg an~l drLve means;
Fig. 9 is a schematic top plan of an alternate embodiment of a combustion chamber Eloor;
I~ig. 10 is a schematic front elevation, partly in section, of the combustion chamber oÇ Fig. 9;
Fig. 11 is a schema~ic longitudinal section of an embodiment particularly aclapted for combustion of round ; straw bales;
:~0 . . , . _, . . .
693~1 Fi~. 12 is ~ Ycllematic hor,izontal cross-section of an embodiment particularly adcll~te~l ror coml~ustlon of rourld straw bales;
Fig. 13 is a long'itudinal section of a preferred embodiment of a flue gas heat exchange chamber;
Fig. 14 is a cross-section of the upper portion of the flue gas heat exchange chamber of ~ig. 13; and Fig. 15 is a side elevation of a slide plate of a cleaning element for cleaning a passage of the flue gas heat exchange chamber.
DETAII.ED DESCRIP'rION OF THE 'LNVENTION
Referring now to Fig. 1, straw bales are fed continuously from a straw feed channel 14 through a feed opening 1 into a combustion rear wall,~ The straw feed channeL 14 can be provided, if des:ired, with a double-cased wall 13 in the zone adjacent the combustion chamber 4 to permit cooling of that zone of the straw feed channel 14. The so:Lid, horizontal floor 3 of the combustion~chamber 4 is provided with a slot 7 which extends across the width of the combustion chamber
. .
combustion challlber. ~ horlzonLal ELoor :i9 (ILsposed between the combustion challlber an~l tllr as~l coLlecting plt, the ~loor having a slot a~ljacerlt the rear wa:ll o~ tlle combustion chamber Eor passage of ash from the combustion zone into the ash collecting pit and for :intake of primary a:ir into the combustion zone. ~ vertically rotatab].e ash stripper assembly extends from the rear wall of the combustion chamber, ancl serves to strip ash from the straw bale surface being combusted in the combustion %one. 'rhe ash stripper assembly can be rotated by means of a hollow sllaft whicll also constitutes a secondary air intake. The boiler provides for substantially continuous combustion o~ the baled straw in a controlled fashiorl by restricting combustion to the area of the combustion zone adjacent the rear wall of the combustion chamber.
In one particular aspect the present invention provides a heating boiler for the combustion of baled straw, comprising ~i an enclosed straw ~eed channel, provided with conveyor ,$
means, communicating with a combustion chamber llaving a combustion zone adjacent the rear wall of the combust:Lon chamber, a flue gas heat exchallge chclnlber above the combust:ion challlber and in comlllurlica~ l wLtll a L~luc gns vent, all nsh collecting pit below the combustion challlber, a horizontal floor disposed between the combustion chamber and the ash collecting pit and having a slot adjacent tlle rear wall of the combustion chamber for passage of ash from the combustion zone into the ash collecting pit and for intake of primary air into the combustion zone, an ash stripper assembly extending from the rear wall of the combustion chamber and movable in a vertical plane to strip ash from the surface of .
.
..
:l ~6g31. '~
a straw bale bein~ combusted in the combustion ~one, and at least one secon(lary air intake in the rear wal~ of the combustion chamber.
It has been Eound that the feeding of prinnary air by way of ~he slot above which the combustion zone is located, that is the zone in which the leading face of the straw bale is combusted, together with the feeding of secondary air tn the center of tbe combustion~zone and the concurrent stripping of ash, by the ash stripper assembly, without disturbing the straw being combusted per se, permits continuous uniform ,' combustion of the leading surEace of the straw bale.
~ n important feature oE the heating boiler is the fact that the entire floor of the combustion cllamber is not simply designed in the form oE a grate, as is customary, but rather is a solid floor with the slot which restricts ~he access of primary air to substantially only the combustion ;' zone.
It is also advantageous to construct the as'h stripper assembly in such a manner as to additionally constitLIte a secondary air intake. This can be accompl-Lshed 'by employillg an ash stripper assembly having one or more arms bea-ring ash stripper e'Lements mountecl upon a hollow shaft, of suitable proportions, which extends through the rear wall of the combustion chaolber and through which secondary air can be drawn or, if necessary, injected by means Eor example of a blower fan. Tlle use of the hollow shaft as the secondary air intake provides E~r cooling of the ash stripper assembly and concurrent preheating of the secondary air. The hollow shaft can be rotated, in alternate directions and at preset ;~693~1 intervals if desire(l, by sultabLe ~Irive means remote froln the combustion challlber.
The ash stripper assembly can also be constructed so that the hollow shaft is axially movable against the pressure of spring means remote Erom the combustion chamber and can be associated with a regulating element, which senses or is indicative of the shaft position, and which in turn is associated with means, such as an impulse tralsmittor, connected to the drive means for either or both the ash stripper assembly and the conveyor means.
It has also been found that the eEficiency of the combustion zone is enhanced by providillg wedge-like elements in the corners of the combustion chamber which further compress the baled straw entering the ~ombustion zone. 'l'he wedge-li~e elements, which can if desired be readily formed integrally as a part of the masonry lining, are particularly useful when horizontally fed round straw bales are used as fuel since thP leading edge being fed to the combustion zone is compressed to a generally circular shape substanti~Lly of the size and shape oE the area acted upon by the ash strLpper elements of the ash stripper assembly. ~)therwise, corner areas of the leading face of a bale would be comhusted at a substantially slower rate than that portion of the leading face from which ash is stripped by the ash stripper assembly.
It is of course possible, dependent upon the cross-sectional size of the overall combustion chamber and the cross-secLional siæe oE the combustion zone, considerations affected by the straw bale size or the number of s~raw bales intended to be fed concurrently, to provide a plurality of .... ....... . .. .. _ _ 3 ~ ~.
asll stripper asselllblies distributecl sy~net-rlca:l:Ly about ttle central point of the combustion ~one.
B~ F DFSCRLPr-lON OF_rllE DR~WLNGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectlon of a heating boiler according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of one embodiment of an ash stripper assembly;
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-section of an ash stripper assembly similar to ~hat of l~i~. 2 mountecl in association Wittl the rear wclll oE a comb-lstion chamber;
Fig. 4 is a schematic top plan of an emhocliment of a combustion chamber according to the present invention;
1'`~ g. 5 i9 a scllematic Eront elevation of a combustion chamber as viewed from the straw feed channel;
Fig. 6 is a top plan of a portion oE a particularly preferred embodiment of an ash stripner assembly;
Fig. 7 is a front elevation of the ash stripper assembly of Fig. 6;
Fig. ~ is a side elevation. part:ly in sectioll, oE a preferre~ embocliment of a combusl:ion cllalTIber -rear wall door and associated asll stripper a~elllbly mountillg an~l drLve means;
Fig. 9 is a schematic top plan of an alternate embodiment of a combustion chamber Eloor;
I~ig. 10 is a schematic front elevation, partly in section, of the combustion chamber oÇ Fig. 9;
Fig. 11 is a schema~ic longitudinal section of an embodiment particularly aclapted for combustion of round ; straw bales;
:~0 . . , . _, . . .
693~1 Fi~. 12 is ~ Ycllematic hor,izontal cross-section of an embodiment particularly adcll~te~l ror coml~ustlon of rourld straw bales;
Fig. 13 is a long'itudinal section of a preferred embodiment of a flue gas heat exchange chamber;
Fig. 14 is a cross-section of the upper portion of the flue gas heat exchange chamber of ~ig. 13; and Fig. 15 is a side elevation of a slide plate of a cleaning element for cleaning a passage of the flue gas heat exchange chamber.
DETAII.ED DESCRIP'rION OF THE 'LNVENTION
Referring now to Fig. 1, straw bales are fed continuously from a straw feed channel 14 through a feed opening 1 into a combustion rear wall,~ The straw feed channeL 14 can be provided, if des:ired, with a double-cased wall 13 in the zone adjacent the combustion chamber 4 to permit cooling of that zone of the straw feed channel 14. The so:Lid, horizontal floor 3 of the combustion~chamber 4 is provided with a slot 7 which extends across the width of the combustion chamber
4 adjacent the rear wall 5 to permit flow of primary air from an ash collecting plt 6 to the combustion zone 8. ~ flue gas heat exchange chamber 16 is disposed above the combustion chamber 4 and is provided with a flue gas vent 17~ An ash stripper assembly is mounted for rotation in a journal aperature 2 provided in a combustion chamber door 5' in the combustion chamber rear wall 5.
The ash stripper assembly, better seen in Figs. 2 and 3, includes a hollow shaft 11 having a c'ross arm member 9 '3 3 ~ 1 provided with stripper element~s 10 which can be in ~he orm of vanes or fingers. rl'he asll stripper assembly, as seen particularly in Fig. 3, is mounted ln the llquid-iacketed combustion chamber door 5' which is approximately of the dimensions of the feed opening 1 of the combustion chamber 4. The hollow shaft ll, which constitntes a secondary air intake, is axially movable against the pressure of spring means 12, and can be rotated by drive means 18.
In operation of the heating boiler, combllstion of the baled straw is restricted substantially to the area of the combustion æone 8 ~bove the primary air intake slot 7. The rotating ash stripper assembly gently brushes oEf the ash forming on the leading surface of the straw bale being combusted without disturbing the combustion process per se, while concurrently feeding secondary air to the combustion zone to enhance combustion rate and uniformity.
Combustion uniformity over the straw bale leading surface is also enhanced by providing wedge-].ike members 15, as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, in the combustion chamber 4 to further compress the baled straw entering the combustion zone into a generslly circuLar shape substantially of the size and shape of the area acted upon by the ash stripper elements of the ash stripper assembly.
The intake of secondary air by means of the hollow shaft ll generally render.s unnecessary the provision of further secondary air intake openings~ althou~h further secondary intake openings 2' can be provided, as can be seen for example in Fig. 4, in the flanking walls 4" of the combustion chamber 4 if required.
.. . . .. . ..
1~6~3 1 1 A particuL~r,Ly preLerresl embodilll(ent nl' an ash ulripl)er assembly is il:Lustra~ed in l~ s. 6 and 7. 'I'o the l~o:L:L~w shaft 11 are atLaclle{l, by nlenn~ of tr:lan~,ular support pl,ates 25, complementary arms 19', which together form the bar 19, bearing the trianglllar ash stripper elements 27 on the leading '~
face 26.
'rhrough an opening 23 between the ends 22 oE arms 19' extends a central stripper 21" mounted in the shaft 11 so that the end 24 of the stripper 21" projects somewhat in advance of the arms 19'.
Flanking strippers 21 are rotatably mounted for movement alon~ the arms 19' between th~ hollow shaft 11 and stops 20 so that during rotation oE the ash stripper assembly tlle flanking strippers 21 prevent the build-up of ash, -residue or ^rust on arms 19'.
On the same axis as that of the central stripper 21", which moves back and forth during rotation of the hollow `~
shaft 11, are attached strippers 21''' which also move back '~
and forth to prevent material build-up in the area of the end portinns 22 of the arms 19'.
l~urther stripperY 21.' call a:Lso be mounted e~terlla'l:ly on ~he hollow sha[t 11 lor nl~velllellt betweerl l~..lLe-sllclped StOpS
20'.
During rotation of the ash stripper assembly, all of the strippers move back and forth between their stops while concurrently the arms 19' bearing the ash stripper elements 27 act as ash dislodging beaters.
'l`he arms 19' can be designed as narrow rectangular tubes, and can be in f'luid communication with the 1nLerior '' , ~ ' '. ~'' .
1 ~6'~3 ~ 1 of the hollow shaft 'I..L~ .iE de~ired, t~ take aclvantagl of the cooling ef~ect im~?arteci by tl-e intake of secondary air through the hollow shaft 11.
lt is also contemplated, dependent upon the particular conl:igurat1On Or the asi~ stripper assembly, that the build-up of ash, residue nr crust could be prevented by provision solelv of suitably dimensionecl flanking strippers 21.
The ash stripper assembly ~s preferably mounted as '.
illustrated in F-ig. 8, in such a manner as to provide means u .L0 for regulatillg Lhe sl)eed Or tl~e conveyor means by wh.ich the haled straw is fed to the combustion chamber. In the embodiment :.
illustrated the hollow shaft l.l> upon which is mounted the stripper arms/stripper elements which are simp'ly iclentified in stippled lines as component 9 is mounted in the combustion chamber door ~' by means of a bracket 29 from the upper end 29' of which is pivotally suspended a bearing mounting assembly 30 which includes a housing 33 ~or the ho11Ow shaft 11. Shaft bearings (not shown) are seatecl in the housing : 33, as is a pinlon ~ear 34 which enc:irclf~s llollow sha~t 11 and meshes with a clriving pi~lion gear 35 powerecl by a motor 36 atta(llecl to Lhe e~teriol- Or the housing 33. 'I'he bottom 31 of the housing 33 is provicled with a downwardly extending plate 39 through which projects a rnd 37 attached to the comb-lstion chamber door 5'. Springs 38 are maintained on - the rod 37 on either side of the plate 39 by means of adjusting nuts 40. Ln adcliti.on the bottom 31 of the housing 33 includes a control extension member 32, opposite from which is suitahly mounted an impulse transmittor 41 connected to the drive Eor the conveyor means by whi-h the baled straw _9_ .
.
9 3 ~ ~
is Eed to tlle combustion cllalllber.
lllus, activation of the :iml)ul~e transm:ittor ~:l due to contact by the control extens:Lon member 32, clue in turn to axial movement of the hollow shaf t 11 because of pressure imparted to the ash stripper assembly by the face of a straw bale, can result in slow:ing and/or temporary stoppage of drive for the conv~yor. means while combustion proceeds to a degree snfficient to per~lit return of the hollow shalt 11 to a normal operation position.
lo Ille lellgtlls Or the bracket 29 and tlle bearing mounting assembly 30 can be selected so that axiaL movement of the hollow shaft 11 tran~lates as a relative radial movement sufficiently small as to permit retention of an effective seal between the journal opening 2 and the hollow shaft 11.
rhe weight of all oE the component parts 9, 11, 3U, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 and 39 is carried by the bracket 29, the result of which is an extreme:Ly sensit:ive pendulum action, controllable by means o.F the adjusting nuts 40.
In the embodiment illustrated :in Figs. 9 to :i2, an 2~ alternate form of floor 3 ls employecl in the conlbustion chamber 4. ~pecl~ica:Lly, a section of tll~ E.loor acl)acent the primary air ~.Lnt 7 is prov:ided wltll a central:ly clisposed longitu~linal slot 7' intermediate complementary downwardly curved portions 19". As in the case of Fig. 8, in each of Figs. 9, 11 and 12 the ash stripper arms/str:ipper elements are simply identiEied in stippled lines as component 9, having previously be~n described in detai:L. In the case of Fig. 10, the ~ircle 9 appearing in stippled lines simply identifies the working area of the ash stripper asselTIbly.
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16~31~
Llle l-sllapecl slot lormecl by slots 7 sallcl 7', when viewecl in top plan, to~ether with the sloping of curved portlons 19"
results in the leading surface oE the straw bale being disposecl clear of the floor ab~ve the slot 7'. Thus, the primary air can make particularly good contact with the bottom of tlle bale which thereby combusts, w-ith reEerence to Fig. 11, in the area 43 at the face of the bale. rhi~
particular form of floor structure is particularly efficient, in conjunction with the action of the ash stripper assembly, in achievlng con~inuous, relatively uniEorm combustion.
Large round baLes of straw (e.g. 1.5 1n long and 0.8 m thick/300,000 k cal/h) can be combusted most advantageously by feedin~ such bales in lying on their sides. ~or this reason, the straw feed channel 14 can be designed in a hori,ontally rectangular shape with a ~ross-section matched to accept round bales 44 lying on their sides as shown in Fig. 12. Becau~se of compacting occuring in the straw feed chanLIel 14 as a result Or tl~e conveying means the rour~d bales are pressed into a generally rectangular shape (as shown in outline only) for whicl~ reason a unitary or sectional shaper means 45 can be provided to reshape the strslw bsl:Le into approximately the si,e alld sllape ~r ~11(-~ ares~ slcte~l upon by the ash stripper elements oE the ash stripper assembly.
In other words, the function oE the unitary or sectional shaper means 45 is s;milar to that o- the wedge-like members 15 -illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. A deElector plate 4O, shown in Fig. 11, can be positionecl intermediate the straw Eeed chanllel 14 and the shaper means 45 ~o provide a smoothly sloning connection. rhe wal]s 4" and roof 21 of the com~ustion --11.--. _ .
chamber 4 are tyrically :Linecl Wittl a f:Lre-l7-roor IDatL!ri~
and the unitary or sec~.ional sllaper means ~5 and any deElector plate 46 can be formed of similar fire-proof material or even formed integrally during installation.
Control of tlle bale conveyor speed to substantially match the progress of combustion need not necessari.ly be done by means of the ash stripper assembly. It is also entirely possible to provide means associated with the conveyor means to retard the rate of and/or shut off the drive when the sensed resistance to forward movement of the baled straw in the straw feed channel 1~ becomes too great.
ln such a case, the hollow shaEt 11 of the ash stripper assembly need not be axially movable, and any associated sensing and trflnsmitting means could be dispensed with.
While the heating boiler has been discussed primarily with reference to the use of round straw bales as the feed materi~l form, the inventive concept is equally appLicahle to the feed straw mater:ia.L being in the form of cubes o-r rectanL~ular prisms.
Figs. 13 to 15 re:Late to cl Foral oE Elue gas heat exchange .:
chamber 16 parL:icu:l.ar:Ly cles:iglled for o!)t:iala:l. ut:il:izat:lon oE
the heat of combustion of the straw.
l`he flue gas heat excllange chamber 16 comprises a l.iquid-jacketed housinP ~8 within whicll are liquid-conducting partitions 5() defining sel-arate horizontal passages 49 which collectively form a maze-like draft channel Sl between the f lue ~as intake passages 63 and the discharge pa.~sage 56 through which the flue gas enters chamber 62. The underside of each of the partitions ~0, as well as the underside of : 3 the ceiling above the upper pa~sage 49, :is provlded w:ith a series oF ribs extending longitudinally in tlle direction of flue gas flow through each passage 49. Access to ~he interior of the housing 48 is afforded by a means of a closure plate 61 whi(h encloses and encompasses all of the separate passages 49.
lo ensure goocl liquid circulation, the liquid-conducting partitions 50, as can be seen from Fig. 14, are disposed at a slight slant from sidewal.l to sidewall.
ln tlle embodilllellt illustrated, the continously rising flue gas reverses direction twice during flow through the passages 49, a process which naturally involves ash.prec:ipitation, particularly where changes in direction take place. There is accordingly provided, beneath the turning zone 55, an ash pit chamber 5~' equipped with a removable ash collecting box 57'. ~ functionally equivalent, removable ash collecting box ~7 is provided in ash pit chamber 5~ beneath the flue gas venL 52 in chamber 62. rhe flue gas vent 52 preferably extends downwardly in sul-stantially the manner illustrated 0 in Fig. 13 so as to enhance preclpitatLon eEflclency.
lhe separate pa~ages ~i9 can be cleaned by means of associated cleanin~ elements 58 which extencl through the closure plate 61. Each cleaning element 58 consists of a rod 59 and slide plate 60. A tvpical slide plate 60, as illustrated in Fig. 15, is complementary in profile to the longitudinal ribs 54 and so dimensioned that when the cleaning element 58 is shov~d through the passage 49. either automatically or by hand, it not only meshes with ~he longitudinal ribs 54 but also sweep~ the floor of the passage 49.
-13~
lt has been Eound tl~at the rellloval. of asll is so thornugl that a heating boiler equ:ipped with a flue gas heat exchange chaMber 1~. as described above, can be readily vented through a norDia' chimney without the intermediary addition of any special asll extractor which would :increase venting re.slstance.
The heating boiler can suitably be provided with any required, or desired, masonry linings and/or insulation, a matter well within the purview of a person skilled in the art. Additionally, various modifications within the true broad spirit ancl s~ope Or tl~e .invention will also be obvious to a person skl:lled in the art.
.
; -
The ash stripper assembly, better seen in Figs. 2 and 3, includes a hollow shaft 11 having a c'ross arm member 9 '3 3 ~ 1 provided with stripper element~s 10 which can be in ~he orm of vanes or fingers. rl'he asll stripper assembly, as seen particularly in Fig. 3, is mounted ln the llquid-iacketed combustion chamber door 5' which is approximately of the dimensions of the feed opening 1 of the combustion chamber 4. The hollow shaft ll, which constitntes a secondary air intake, is axially movable against the pressure of spring means 12, and can be rotated by drive means 18.
In operation of the heating boiler, combllstion of the baled straw is restricted substantially to the area of the combustion æone 8 ~bove the primary air intake slot 7. The rotating ash stripper assembly gently brushes oEf the ash forming on the leading surface of the straw bale being combusted without disturbing the combustion process per se, while concurrently feeding secondary air to the combustion zone to enhance combustion rate and uniformity.
Combustion uniformity over the straw bale leading surface is also enhanced by providing wedge-].ike members 15, as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, in the combustion chamber 4 to further compress the baled straw entering the combustion zone into a generslly circuLar shape substantially of the size and shape of the area acted upon by the ash stripper elements of the ash stripper assembly.
The intake of secondary air by means of the hollow shaft ll generally render.s unnecessary the provision of further secondary air intake openings~ althou~h further secondary intake openings 2' can be provided, as can be seen for example in Fig. 4, in the flanking walls 4" of the combustion chamber 4 if required.
.. . . .. . ..
1~6~3 1 1 A particuL~r,Ly preLerresl embodilll(ent nl' an ash ulripl)er assembly is il:Lustra~ed in l~ s. 6 and 7. 'I'o the l~o:L:L~w shaft 11 are atLaclle{l, by nlenn~ of tr:lan~,ular support pl,ates 25, complementary arms 19', which together form the bar 19, bearing the trianglllar ash stripper elements 27 on the leading '~
face 26.
'rhrough an opening 23 between the ends 22 oE arms 19' extends a central stripper 21" mounted in the shaft 11 so that the end 24 of the stripper 21" projects somewhat in advance of the arms 19'.
Flanking strippers 21 are rotatably mounted for movement alon~ the arms 19' between th~ hollow shaft 11 and stops 20 so that during rotation oE the ash stripper assembly tlle flanking strippers 21 prevent the build-up of ash, -residue or ^rust on arms 19'.
On the same axis as that of the central stripper 21", which moves back and forth during rotation of the hollow `~
shaft 11, are attached strippers 21''' which also move back '~
and forth to prevent material build-up in the area of the end portinns 22 of the arms 19'.
l~urther stripperY 21.' call a:Lso be mounted e~terlla'l:ly on ~he hollow sha[t 11 lor nl~velllellt betweerl l~..lLe-sllclped StOpS
20'.
During rotation of the ash stripper assembly, all of the strippers move back and forth between their stops while concurrently the arms 19' bearing the ash stripper elements 27 act as ash dislodging beaters.
'l`he arms 19' can be designed as narrow rectangular tubes, and can be in f'luid communication with the 1nLerior '' , ~ ' '. ~'' .
1 ~6'~3 ~ 1 of the hollow shaft 'I..L~ .iE de~ired, t~ take aclvantagl of the cooling ef~ect im~?arteci by tl-e intake of secondary air through the hollow shaft 11.
lt is also contemplated, dependent upon the particular conl:igurat1On Or the asi~ stripper assembly, that the build-up of ash, residue nr crust could be prevented by provision solelv of suitably dimensionecl flanking strippers 21.
The ash stripper assembly ~s preferably mounted as '.
illustrated in F-ig. 8, in such a manner as to provide means u .L0 for regulatillg Lhe sl)eed Or tl~e conveyor means by wh.ich the haled straw is fed to the combustion chamber. In the embodiment :.
illustrated the hollow shaft l.l> upon which is mounted the stripper arms/stripper elements which are simp'ly iclentified in stippled lines as component 9 is mounted in the combustion chamber door ~' by means of a bracket 29 from the upper end 29' of which is pivotally suspended a bearing mounting assembly 30 which includes a housing 33 ~or the ho11Ow shaft 11. Shaft bearings (not shown) are seatecl in the housing : 33, as is a pinlon ~ear 34 which enc:irclf~s llollow sha~t 11 and meshes with a clriving pi~lion gear 35 powerecl by a motor 36 atta(llecl to Lhe e~teriol- Or the housing 33. 'I'he bottom 31 of the housing 33 is provicled with a downwardly extending plate 39 through which projects a rnd 37 attached to the comb-lstion chamber door 5'. Springs 38 are maintained on - the rod 37 on either side of the plate 39 by means of adjusting nuts 40. Ln adcliti.on the bottom 31 of the housing 33 includes a control extension member 32, opposite from which is suitahly mounted an impulse transmittor 41 connected to the drive Eor the conveyor means by whi-h the baled straw _9_ .
.
9 3 ~ ~
is Eed to tlle combustion cllalllber.
lllus, activation of the :iml)ul~e transm:ittor ~:l due to contact by the control extens:Lon member 32, clue in turn to axial movement of the hollow shaf t 11 because of pressure imparted to the ash stripper assembly by the face of a straw bale, can result in slow:ing and/or temporary stoppage of drive for the conv~yor. means while combustion proceeds to a degree snfficient to per~lit return of the hollow shalt 11 to a normal operation position.
lo Ille lellgtlls Or the bracket 29 and tlle bearing mounting assembly 30 can be selected so that axiaL movement of the hollow shaft 11 tran~lates as a relative radial movement sufficiently small as to permit retention of an effective seal between the journal opening 2 and the hollow shaft 11.
rhe weight of all oE the component parts 9, 11, 3U, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 and 39 is carried by the bracket 29, the result of which is an extreme:Ly sensit:ive pendulum action, controllable by means o.F the adjusting nuts 40.
In the embodiment illustrated :in Figs. 9 to :i2, an 2~ alternate form of floor 3 ls employecl in the conlbustion chamber 4. ~pecl~ica:Lly, a section of tll~ E.loor acl)acent the primary air ~.Lnt 7 is prov:ided wltll a central:ly clisposed longitu~linal slot 7' intermediate complementary downwardly curved portions 19". As in the case of Fig. 8, in each of Figs. 9, 11 and 12 the ash stripper arms/str:ipper elements are simply identiEied in stippled lines as component 9, having previously be~n described in detai:L. In the case of Fig. 10, the ~ircle 9 appearing in stippled lines simply identifies the working area of the ash stripper asselTIbly.
:~
', .
16~31~
Llle l-sllapecl slot lormecl by slots 7 sallcl 7', when viewecl in top plan, to~ether with the sloping of curved portlons 19"
results in the leading surface oE the straw bale being disposecl clear of the floor ab~ve the slot 7'. Thus, the primary air can make particularly good contact with the bottom of tlle bale which thereby combusts, w-ith reEerence to Fig. 11, in the area 43 at the face of the bale. rhi~
particular form of floor structure is particularly efficient, in conjunction with the action of the ash stripper assembly, in achievlng con~inuous, relatively uniEorm combustion.
Large round baLes of straw (e.g. 1.5 1n long and 0.8 m thick/300,000 k cal/h) can be combusted most advantageously by feedin~ such bales in lying on their sides. ~or this reason, the straw feed channel 14 can be designed in a hori,ontally rectangular shape with a ~ross-section matched to accept round bales 44 lying on their sides as shown in Fig. 12. Becau~se of compacting occuring in the straw feed chanLIel 14 as a result Or tl~e conveying means the rour~d bales are pressed into a generally rectangular shape (as shown in outline only) for whicl~ reason a unitary or sectional shaper means 45 can be provided to reshape the strslw bsl:Le into approximately the si,e alld sllape ~r ~11(-~ ares~ slcte~l upon by the ash stripper elements oE the ash stripper assembly.
In other words, the function oE the unitary or sectional shaper means 45 is s;milar to that o- the wedge-like members 15 -illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. A deElector plate 4O, shown in Fig. 11, can be positionecl intermediate the straw Eeed chanllel 14 and the shaper means 45 ~o provide a smoothly sloning connection. rhe wal]s 4" and roof 21 of the com~ustion --11.--. _ .
chamber 4 are tyrically :Linecl Wittl a f:Lre-l7-roor IDatL!ri~
and the unitary or sec~.ional sllaper means ~5 and any deElector plate 46 can be formed of similar fire-proof material or even formed integrally during installation.
Control of tlle bale conveyor speed to substantially match the progress of combustion need not necessari.ly be done by means of the ash stripper assembly. It is also entirely possible to provide means associated with the conveyor means to retard the rate of and/or shut off the drive when the sensed resistance to forward movement of the baled straw in the straw feed channel 1~ becomes too great.
ln such a case, the hollow shaEt 11 of the ash stripper assembly need not be axially movable, and any associated sensing and trflnsmitting means could be dispensed with.
While the heating boiler has been discussed primarily with reference to the use of round straw bales as the feed materi~l form, the inventive concept is equally appLicahle to the feed straw mater:ia.L being in the form of cubes o-r rectanL~ular prisms.
Figs. 13 to 15 re:Late to cl Foral oE Elue gas heat exchange .:
chamber 16 parL:icu:l.ar:Ly cles:iglled for o!)t:iala:l. ut:il:izat:lon oE
the heat of combustion of the straw.
l`he flue gas heat excllange chamber 16 comprises a l.iquid-jacketed housinP ~8 within whicll are liquid-conducting partitions 5() defining sel-arate horizontal passages 49 which collectively form a maze-like draft channel Sl between the f lue ~as intake passages 63 and the discharge pa.~sage 56 through which the flue gas enters chamber 62. The underside of each of the partitions ~0, as well as the underside of : 3 the ceiling above the upper pa~sage 49, :is provlded w:ith a series oF ribs extending longitudinally in tlle direction of flue gas flow through each passage 49. Access to ~he interior of the housing 48 is afforded by a means of a closure plate 61 whi(h encloses and encompasses all of the separate passages 49.
lo ensure goocl liquid circulation, the liquid-conducting partitions 50, as can be seen from Fig. 14, are disposed at a slight slant from sidewal.l to sidewall.
ln tlle embodilllellt illustrated, the continously rising flue gas reverses direction twice during flow through the passages 49, a process which naturally involves ash.prec:ipitation, particularly where changes in direction take place. There is accordingly provided, beneath the turning zone 55, an ash pit chamber 5~' equipped with a removable ash collecting box 57'. ~ functionally equivalent, removable ash collecting box ~7 is provided in ash pit chamber 5~ beneath the flue gas venL 52 in chamber 62. rhe flue gas vent 52 preferably extends downwardly in sul-stantially the manner illustrated 0 in Fig. 13 so as to enhance preclpitatLon eEflclency.
lhe separate pa~ages ~i9 can be cleaned by means of associated cleanin~ elements 58 which extencl through the closure plate 61. Each cleaning element 58 consists of a rod 59 and slide plate 60. A tvpical slide plate 60, as illustrated in Fig. 15, is complementary in profile to the longitudinal ribs 54 and so dimensioned that when the cleaning element 58 is shov~d through the passage 49. either automatically or by hand, it not only meshes with ~he longitudinal ribs 54 but also sweep~ the floor of the passage 49.
-13~
lt has been Eound tl~at the rellloval. of asll is so thornugl that a heating boiler equ:ipped with a flue gas heat exchange chaMber 1~. as described above, can be readily vented through a norDia' chimney without the intermediary addition of any special asll extractor which would :increase venting re.slstance.
The heating boiler can suitably be provided with any required, or desired, masonry linings and/or insulation, a matter well within the purview of a person skilled in the art. Additionally, various modifications within the true broad spirit ancl s~ope Or tl~e .invention will also be obvious to a person skl:lled in the art.
.
; -
Claims (16)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A heating boiler for the combustion of baled straw, comprising an enclosed straw feed channel, provided with conveyor means, communicating with a combustion chamber having a combustion zone adjacent the rear wall of the combustion chamber, a flue gas heat exchange chamber above the combustion chamber and in communication with a flue gas vent, an ash collecting pit below the combustion chamber, a horizontal floor disposed between the combustion chamber and the ash collecting pit and having a slot adjacent the rear wall of the combustion chamber for passage of ash front the combustion zone into the ash collecting pit and for intake of primary air into the combustion zone, an ash stripper assembly extending from the rear wall of the combustion chamber and movable in a vertical plane to strip ash from the surface of a straw bale being combusted in the combustion zone, and at least one secondary air intake in the rear wall of the combustion chamber.
2. A heating boiler according to Claim 1, wherein the ash stripper assembly includes a cross arm member mounted upon a hollow shaft which extends through the rear wall of the combustion chamber, the cross arm member being provided with a plurality of stripper ringers extending towards the combustion zone, and the hollow shaft being rotatable in at least one direction and constituting a secondary air intake.
3. A heating boiler according to Claim 2, wherein the ash stripper assembly having the hollow shaft is axially movable against the pressure of spring means remote from the combustion chamber.
4. A heating boiler according to Claim 2 or Claim 3 wherein the stripper fingers of the ash stripper assembly are progressively shorter towards the ends of the cross arm member.
5. A heating boiler according to Claim 1, wherein wedge-like members are provided in the combustion chamber to further compress the baled straw being fed to the combustion zone.
6. A heating boiler according to Claim 1, wherein a section of the floor of the combustion chamber adjacent the slot adjacent the rear wall of the combustion chamber has a centrally disposed longitudinal slot intermediate complementary downwardly curved portions.
7. A heating boiler according to Claim 1, wherein the straw feed channel is horizontally rectangular in cross-section and adapted to accept round straw bales inserted horizontally.
8. A heating boiler according to Claim 1, wherein the ash stripper assembly includes a hollow shaft which extends through the rear wall of the combustion chamber, the end of the hollow shaft adjacent the combustion zone having complementary spaced arms inclined from about the axis of the shaft towards the rear wall of the combustion chamber, each arm having a plurality of ash stripper elements extending towards the combustion zone and, associated with the upper and lower side of each arm, at least one swivellable flank stripper member for free movement along the arm between limiting stop means.
9. A heating boiler according to Claim 8, wherein the ash stripper assembly includes, remote from the arms, at least one additional stripper member attached to the hollow shaft for free movement between associated limiting stop means.
10. A heating boiler according to Claim 8 or Claim 9, wherein the stripper elements are in the shape of triangles or vanes extending from the arms.
11. A heating boiler according to Claim 8, wherein there is provided a regulating element associated with the hollow shaft exteriorly of the combustion chamber, the regulating element in turn being associated with all impulse transmitter connected to drive means for at least one of the ash stripper assembly and the baled straw conveyor means.
12. A heating boiler according to Claim 1 or Claim 11, wherein a door is provided in the rear wall of the combustion chamber, the door including on the side remote from the combustion chamber an upwardly extending bracket from which is swivellably suspended a bearing mounting for the ash stripper assembly.
13. A heating boiler according to Claim 1, wherein the flue gas heat exchange chamber is in the shape of a box-type housing, the interior space of the housing being divided into separate horizontal passages which form a maze-like draft channel, the horizontal passages being separated by liquid-conducting partitions having downwardly extending ribs extending longitudinally in the direction of flue gas flow through each passage, the housing further having at least one ash collecting chamber with a selectively removable ash box.
14. A heating boiler according to Claim 13, wherein the housing includes a cleaning element for each separate horizontal passage, each cleaning element including a rod selectively moveable in the direction of the longitudinal ribs and having, on the end of the rod, a comb-like slide plate complementary in profile to the longitudinal ribs and the dimensions of the passage.
15. A heating boiler according to Claim 14, wherein the cleaning element rods extend exteriorly of the housing through a closure plate which encompasses and encloses all of the separate passages.
16. A heating boiler according to Claim 13, wherein the outlet of the maze-like draft channel discharges into a chamber having a selectively removable ash box disposed beneath a flue gas vent.
Applications Claiming Priority (10)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3034699.1 | 1980-09-13 | ||
| DE19803034699 DE3034699A1 (en) | 1979-09-20 | 1980-09-15 | VALVE WITH GAS ADMINISTRATION FOR AEROSOL PACKAGING |
| DE19818100295 DE8100295U1 (en) | 1981-01-09 | 1981-01-09 | HEATING BOILER EXCHANGER |
| DEG8100295.5 | 1981-01-09 | ||
| DE19813109915 DE3109915C2 (en) | 1981-03-14 | 1981-03-14 | Firing for burning, in particular, pressed bales of straw |
| DE19813109910 DE3109910C2 (en) | 1981-03-14 | 1981-03-14 | Firebox lock door for heating boilers |
| DEP3109915.7 | 1981-03-14 | ||
| DEP3109910.6 | 1981-03-14 | ||
| DEP3109917.3 | 1981-03-14 | ||
| DE19813109917 DE3109917C2 (en) | 1981-03-14 | 1981-03-14 | Device for keeping embers free and regulating the fuel feed speed in special heating boilers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1169311A true CA1169311A (en) | 1984-06-19 |
Family
ID=27510619
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000385795A Expired CA1169311A (en) | 1980-09-13 | 1981-09-14 | Heating boiler for the combustion of pressed straw bales |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1169311A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-09-14 CA CA000385795A patent/CA1169311A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20010619 |