CA1169296A - Mine, especially for tank-combating - Google Patents
Mine, especially for tank-combatingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1169296A CA1169296A CA000387167A CA387167A CA1169296A CA 1169296 A CA1169296 A CA 1169296A CA 000387167 A CA000387167 A CA 000387167A CA 387167 A CA387167 A CA 387167A CA 1169296 A CA1169296 A CA 1169296A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mine
- impact
- detonator
- housing
- active component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
Mine, especially for tank-combating, which is laid by being dropped from the air and hits the ground in a preferred direction of impact and which contains a detonator and an explosive charge in a housing. The mine is character-ised in that the housing is divided into a functional com-ponent which contains the detonator and an active component-containing the explosive and both parts are form-locked with each other, whereby the form-lock connection is separable when a given impact stress is exceeded and then the active component is separable from the functional component by the impact blow.
Mine, especially for tank-combating, which is laid by being dropped from the air and hits the ground in a preferred direction of impact and which contains a detonator and an explosive charge in a housing. The mine is character-ised in that the housing is divided into a functional com-ponent which contains the detonator and an active component-containing the explosive and both parts are form-locked with each other, whereby the form-lock connection is separable when a given impact stress is exceeded and then the active component is separable from the functional component by the impact blow.
Description
~ ~g2~
The invention relates to a ~ine, especially fo~
tank-combating.
Mines for the combating of tanks, in particular, are known which are laid from the aix by being ~aunched as submuni-tion from the most varied of installation systems, e.g. from a rocketwarhead onto the target a~ea. This method of installation results in surface~laid~ mine fields.
The distribution of mines on the ground is dependent on the functioning cycles of various installation systems, the primary and secondary ballistic date and the prevalent environmentaI factors. The co-ordinates of the indivi~ual mines on the~ground are thereby unknown. Although the mines are laid on the surface of the ground, recognition thereof is low because of camouflage precautions such as camouflage paints, rough surfaces etc. and natural undergrowth.
It is therefore almost impossible to take up the mines or to remove them in a controlled manner in order to clear the path for one's own troops' manoeuvres. This i~
, accomplished only during specified lying times prior to self-destruction of the mines, for which the latter are set e.g. at the time of or~prior to laying. ~owever, high re~
quirements must be set to ensure the reliability of this self destruction so that one's owntroOps may safely cross the terrain after the lying time has run out.
The stre.sses acting upon the mine while it is being laid can be defined relatively accurately as far as the force of impact with the ground. Thus the stresses acting upon the mine and the detonator fxom discharge, vibration duriny flight, expulsion from the installation system etc.
but also environmental factors such as temperature, impact, transport, storage, can largely be simulated by corresponding experiments and the mine accordingly laid so that it with-9 ~ 9 ~
stands these stresses satisfacLorily.
On the other hand the stresses encountered upon impact with the ground are dependent on many parameters which are not all determinable in type and size. They are, among others, dependent on the impact velocity and the angle of impact, the type of terrain and soil composition or the cushioning properties of the mine base. Whils-t the impact velocity and the angle of impact can be defined by stabi-lisation mechanisms such as a parachute, so that even in unfavourable environmental conditions optimal descent speed and distribution of the mines can be achieved, there will always be impact stresses arlsing from differing types of terrain which will result in damage to the mine detonator.
For example if a mine hits concrete Istreet) or solid rock this will disturb the program run-off of the mine detonator and alter the self-destruction of the mine to an undefined period.
The object of the invention is to mak~e improvements ~; on a mine, especially for tank~combating, which is laid by being dropped from the air and hits the ground in a preferred direction of impact and which contains a detonator and an explosive charge in a housing to the extend that a failing of the mine, e.g. overstepping the detonation period as a result of too strong a stressing upon impact, can safely be avoided.
According to the present invention, there is provided a mine, especially for tank-combating, which is laid by being dropped from the air and hits the ground in a preferred direction of impact and which contains a detonator and an explosive charge in a housing, characterised in that the housing is divided into a functional component which contains the de-tonator and an ac-tive component containing the explosive,means being provided for form-locking said two components with each other, -the form-lock connection ,~:
~ ~9~
being separable when a given impact stress is exceeded and then the active componen-t is separable from the functional component by the impact blow.
The separating point between the two par-ts of the housing lies preferably on a surface perpendicular to the preferred direction of impact of the mine, since the impact force acts fully on the form~locking connection, whereas by placing the separating surface inclined to the impact direction only a relevant force component becomes effective. The mine's impac-t direction, i.e. its orientation in the air upon impact with the ground is preferably controlled by means of a special stabilisation mechanism such as a parachute. Yet it is still possible for the mine to fall with sufficient stability even without an additional stabilising mechanism because of its geometry, centre of gravity etc. so ~hat it can be stated at the ~utset that the mine hits the ground almost consistently with the same surface in more or less the direction specified.
As was found, surprisingly, upon impact with the ~0 earth with unacceptably high stressing, the improvement according to the invention ensures not only destruction of the form-locking connection and thereby a mechanical sepa-ration of the active component from the functional component but also their spatial separation from each other, whereby the component facing away from the ground is flung away from the other upon impact. This ensures in a very simple way, that the mine is put out of action upon unacceptably power-ful impact with the ground.
The detonator cord of the mine is interrupted by a separation of the housing according t~ the invention. The separation can be between the primer and the transmission charge or between the latter and the additional secondary explosive arranged after it. The detonator which has to be fitted inside the functional component includes therefore, besides other compounds, at least the primer of the detonator ~69~
chain. If necessary there may also be a transmission charge. Thereby for each case it is ensured tha-t according to the spatial division of the functional component and the active component, the explosive charge of the active component can no longer be detonated.
The two components may be form-locked with each other, by screwing one part into the other part by means of a corresponding thread or both parts may be joined together in a bayonet-type connection. The firmness of the screw connection and the bayonet-type connection is established in such a way that these connections may saEely be severed if a given stress is exceeded.
Preferably, the active component and the functional component are formed as cylindrical housing parts push-fitted into each other across one part of their length and form-locked by means of radial pins.
The invention is shown in the drawing in an exemplified embodiment, with the aid of which it is described in greater detail as follows.
The mine shown diagramatically in longitudinal cross-section has two housing parts 1 and 2. Housing part 1 forms the functional component and contains detonator 3 while housing part 2 forms the active component and encloses the secondary explosive-4. Parts 1 and 2 are ~orm-locked together near the point of connection so that if, when a given force F is exceeded upon impact with the ground and the form-locking connection broken, the active component 2 is 1ung away and spatially separated from the functional component 1. This separation of the form-locking connection is achieved by means of a force acting in impact direction A, moreover without any problem, if there is hardly any space between housing parts 1 and 2, i.e. in impact direction A.
The separation surEace between both housing parts 1 and 2 extends perpendicular to the preferred direction of impact A
The invention relates to a ~ine, especially fo~
tank-combating.
Mines for the combating of tanks, in particular, are known which are laid from the aix by being ~aunched as submuni-tion from the most varied of installation systems, e.g. from a rocketwarhead onto the target a~ea. This method of installation results in surface~laid~ mine fields.
The distribution of mines on the ground is dependent on the functioning cycles of various installation systems, the primary and secondary ballistic date and the prevalent environmentaI factors. The co-ordinates of the indivi~ual mines on the~ground are thereby unknown. Although the mines are laid on the surface of the ground, recognition thereof is low because of camouflage precautions such as camouflage paints, rough surfaces etc. and natural undergrowth.
It is therefore almost impossible to take up the mines or to remove them in a controlled manner in order to clear the path for one's own troops' manoeuvres. This i~
, accomplished only during specified lying times prior to self-destruction of the mines, for which the latter are set e.g. at the time of or~prior to laying. ~owever, high re~
quirements must be set to ensure the reliability of this self destruction so that one's owntroOps may safely cross the terrain after the lying time has run out.
The stre.sses acting upon the mine while it is being laid can be defined relatively accurately as far as the force of impact with the ground. Thus the stresses acting upon the mine and the detonator fxom discharge, vibration duriny flight, expulsion from the installation system etc.
but also environmental factors such as temperature, impact, transport, storage, can largely be simulated by corresponding experiments and the mine accordingly laid so that it with-9 ~ 9 ~
stands these stresses satisfacLorily.
On the other hand the stresses encountered upon impact with the ground are dependent on many parameters which are not all determinable in type and size. They are, among others, dependent on the impact velocity and the angle of impact, the type of terrain and soil composition or the cushioning properties of the mine base. Whils-t the impact velocity and the angle of impact can be defined by stabi-lisation mechanisms such as a parachute, so that even in unfavourable environmental conditions optimal descent speed and distribution of the mines can be achieved, there will always be impact stresses arlsing from differing types of terrain which will result in damage to the mine detonator.
For example if a mine hits concrete Istreet) or solid rock this will disturb the program run-off of the mine detonator and alter the self-destruction of the mine to an undefined period.
The object of the invention is to mak~e improvements ~; on a mine, especially for tank~combating, which is laid by being dropped from the air and hits the ground in a preferred direction of impact and which contains a detonator and an explosive charge in a housing to the extend that a failing of the mine, e.g. overstepping the detonation period as a result of too strong a stressing upon impact, can safely be avoided.
According to the present invention, there is provided a mine, especially for tank-combating, which is laid by being dropped from the air and hits the ground in a preferred direction of impact and which contains a detonator and an explosive charge in a housing, characterised in that the housing is divided into a functional component which contains the de-tonator and an ac-tive component containing the explosive,means being provided for form-locking said two components with each other, -the form-lock connection ,~:
~ ~9~
being separable when a given impact stress is exceeded and then the active componen-t is separable from the functional component by the impact blow.
The separating point between the two par-ts of the housing lies preferably on a surface perpendicular to the preferred direction of impact of the mine, since the impact force acts fully on the form~locking connection, whereas by placing the separating surface inclined to the impact direction only a relevant force component becomes effective. The mine's impac-t direction, i.e. its orientation in the air upon impact with the ground is preferably controlled by means of a special stabilisation mechanism such as a parachute. Yet it is still possible for the mine to fall with sufficient stability even without an additional stabilising mechanism because of its geometry, centre of gravity etc. so ~hat it can be stated at the ~utset that the mine hits the ground almost consistently with the same surface in more or less the direction specified.
As was found, surprisingly, upon impact with the ~0 earth with unacceptably high stressing, the improvement according to the invention ensures not only destruction of the form-locking connection and thereby a mechanical sepa-ration of the active component from the functional component but also their spatial separation from each other, whereby the component facing away from the ground is flung away from the other upon impact. This ensures in a very simple way, that the mine is put out of action upon unacceptably power-ful impact with the ground.
The detonator cord of the mine is interrupted by a separation of the housing according t~ the invention. The separation can be between the primer and the transmission charge or between the latter and the additional secondary explosive arranged after it. The detonator which has to be fitted inside the functional component includes therefore, besides other compounds, at least the primer of the detonator ~69~
chain. If necessary there may also be a transmission charge. Thereby for each case it is ensured tha-t according to the spatial division of the functional component and the active component, the explosive charge of the active component can no longer be detonated.
The two components may be form-locked with each other, by screwing one part into the other part by means of a corresponding thread or both parts may be joined together in a bayonet-type connection. The firmness of the screw connection and the bayonet-type connection is established in such a way that these connections may saEely be severed if a given stress is exceeded.
Preferably, the active component and the functional component are formed as cylindrical housing parts push-fitted into each other across one part of their length and form-locked by means of radial pins.
The invention is shown in the drawing in an exemplified embodiment, with the aid of which it is described in greater detail as follows.
The mine shown diagramatically in longitudinal cross-section has two housing parts 1 and 2. Housing part 1 forms the functional component and contains detonator 3 while housing part 2 forms the active component and encloses the secondary explosive-4. Parts 1 and 2 are ~orm-locked together near the point of connection so that if, when a given force F is exceeded upon impact with the ground and the form-locking connection broken, the active component 2 is 1ung away and spatially separated from the functional component 1. This separation of the form-locking connection is achieved by means of a force acting in impact direction A, moreover without any problem, if there is hardly any space between housing parts 1 and 2, i.e. in impact direction A.
The separation surEace between both housing parts 1 and 2 extends perpendicular to the preferred direction of impact A
2 9 6 which is achieved by means of a stabilisong parachute attached to the upper end of the mine and of which only the securing cords 6 are shown.
The shock stresses are transferred in all these ~6~
cases across structural parts 1 and 2 of the mine onto deto-nator 3. The structural parts are therefore forcibly stressed upon impact, more than for e~ample in the mine detonator.
In individual cases, where khe mine strikes an even, rigid base with part 1 at exactly 90~, a shock stress of approxi-mately the same intensity occurs at the mine detonator 3.
The structural parts, across which the impact stress F passes upon impact with the ground are of such a size that residual deformations are possible only above the stress levei, which gives rise to the separation of connecting po-sition 5. Deformation of the assembly within the mine, such as~at the mine detonator 3, is avoided on account of this stress limit.
The connecting position 5 is preferably in the form of two cylindrical housing parts 1 and 2, which can be slotted together and which are fixed above the radially arranged pins 7 facing one another. The connecking position 5 is constructed in such a way that there is, after pinning, a frictional coupling up to the pre-specified stress limit.
The housing parts 1 and 2 are fitted into each other at the cb~necting position 5 with a push fit and secured in the slotting direction by pin 7. The dimensions, design and number of pins determine the stress limit upon impact with the ground. The physical properties of parts 1 and 2 are laid down so khat in all cases of strain above the esta-blished limit, separation at connecting position 5 occurs through the cutting, deformation, puliing, breaking, or the like of pins 7. The pins holes are deliberately constructed as blind holes. The flange of the housing part 1 abo~e pins 7 is provided with a seal 8 which is purposely shown as an O-ring seal. Thereby the necessary seal against moisture is ensured. Adhesive or hardening sealing agents which could -- 1 16 9 2 9 ~
.Impair the strength properties o~ the conn~cting positio~ 5 are to be avoided.
:
.
~1 : .
: : ' : ; :
. ~ .
.
.
, :. :
.: : .
~:` : : :
- ::
. ~ .
The shock stresses are transferred in all these ~6~
cases across structural parts 1 and 2 of the mine onto deto-nator 3. The structural parts are therefore forcibly stressed upon impact, more than for e~ample in the mine detonator.
In individual cases, where khe mine strikes an even, rigid base with part 1 at exactly 90~, a shock stress of approxi-mately the same intensity occurs at the mine detonator 3.
The structural parts, across which the impact stress F passes upon impact with the ground are of such a size that residual deformations are possible only above the stress levei, which gives rise to the separation of connecting po-sition 5. Deformation of the assembly within the mine, such as~at the mine detonator 3, is avoided on account of this stress limit.
The connecting position 5 is preferably in the form of two cylindrical housing parts 1 and 2, which can be slotted together and which are fixed above the radially arranged pins 7 facing one another. The connecking position 5 is constructed in such a way that there is, after pinning, a frictional coupling up to the pre-specified stress limit.
The housing parts 1 and 2 are fitted into each other at the cb~necting position 5 with a push fit and secured in the slotting direction by pin 7. The dimensions, design and number of pins determine the stress limit upon impact with the ground. The physical properties of parts 1 and 2 are laid down so khat in all cases of strain above the esta-blished limit, separation at connecting position 5 occurs through the cutting, deformation, puliing, breaking, or the like of pins 7. The pins holes are deliberately constructed as blind holes. The flange of the housing part 1 abo~e pins 7 is provided with a seal 8 which is purposely shown as an O-ring seal. Thereby the necessary seal against moisture is ensured. Adhesive or hardening sealing agents which could -- 1 16 9 2 9 ~
.Impair the strength properties o~ the conn~cting positio~ 5 are to be avoided.
:
.
~1 : .
: : ' : ; :
. ~ .
.
.
, :. :
.: : .
~:` : : :
- ::
. ~ .
Claims (4)
1. Mine, especially for tank-combating, which is laid by being dropped from the air and hit the ground in a preferred direction of impact and which contains a detonator and an explosive charge in a housing, characterised in that the housing is divided into a functional component which contains the detonator and an active component containing the explosive, means being provided for form-locking said two components with each other, the form-lock connection being separable when a given impact stress is exceeded and then the active component is separable from the functional component by the impact blow.
2. Mine according to Claim 1, characterised in that the active component and the functional component are formed as cylindrical housing parts push-fitted into each other across one part of their length and form-locked by means of radial pins.
3. Means according to Claim 1, characterised in that said two components are form-locked by screws or rivets.
4. Means according to Claim 1, characterised in that said two components are form-locked in a bayonet-type connection.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE8026606 | 1980-10-04 | ||
| DE19803037607 DE3037607A1 (en) | 1980-10-04 | 1980-10-04 | MINE, IN PARTICULAR TO FIGHT AGAIN |
| DEP3037607.9 | 1980-10-04 | ||
| DEG8026606.4 | 1980-10-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1169296A true CA1169296A (en) | 1984-06-19 |
Family
ID=25788284
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000387167A Expired CA1169296A (en) | 1980-10-04 | 1981-10-02 | Mine, especially for tank-combating |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1169296A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-10-02 CA CA000387167A patent/CA1169296A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |