CA1169025A - Electrode plate with insulating material locked through edge openings - Google Patents
Electrode plate with insulating material locked through edge openingsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1169025A CA1169025A CA000360410A CA360410A CA1169025A CA 1169025 A CA1169025 A CA 1169025A CA 000360410 A CA000360410 A CA 000360410A CA 360410 A CA360410 A CA 360410A CA 1169025 A CA1169025 A CA 1169025A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- base plate
- plate
- insulating material
- stripping
- members
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
- C25C7/08—Separating of deposited metals from the cathode
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A cathode base plate for use in electrolytic refining in which a metal is electrodeposited on said base plate and subsequently peeled therefrom. The base plate has an edge portion of reduced thickness compared with at least the adjacent regions of said plate, said portion having a plurality of openings therethrough. An insulating material is mounted on and embraces said edge portion with the outer surfaces of the insulating material essentially flush with the adjacent surface regions of said plate with said insulating material extending through said openings to lock said insulating material to said base plate. The foregoing structure is considerably more effective in permitting engagement of the metal deposited on the base plate with the stripping wedges of an automatic stripper and is much less susceptible to damage than many prior art arrangements.
A cathode base plate for use in electrolytic refining in which a metal is electrodeposited on said base plate and subsequently peeled therefrom. The base plate has an edge portion of reduced thickness compared with at least the adjacent regions of said plate, said portion having a plurality of openings therethrough. An insulating material is mounted on and embraces said edge portion with the outer surfaces of the insulating material essentially flush with the adjacent surface regions of said plate with said insulating material extending through said openings to lock said insulating material to said base plate. The foregoing structure is considerably more effective in permitting engagement of the metal deposited on the base plate with the stripping wedges of an automatic stripper and is much less susceptible to damage than many prior art arrangements.
Description
1 This invention relates to improvements in cathode base
2 plates for use in the electrolytic refining of metals and to
3 apparatus for peeling electrodeposited metal plate rom the
4 cathode base plate.
According to conventional electrolytic refining techniques, 6 nonferrous metals are refined by electrodepositing the nonferrous 7 metal onto a cathode hase plate (which will be referred to as 8 "base plate" hereinafter) installed within an electrolytic cell.
9 ~ catnode plate with electrodeposited metal (which wil~ be referred to as "cathode plate" hereinafter) formed thereon as 11 electrodeposited metal plate (which will be referred to as "metal 12 plate"), is thsn stripped by inserting a stripping means such as 13 wedge scraper, knife or the like between the base plate and the 14 metal plate constituting the cathode plate.
~s will hereinafter be explained more fully, problems exist 16 with conventional base plate structures, in that the stripping 17 means does not reliably engage the junction between the cathode 18 plate and the metal plate to begin stripping the latter away from 19 the cathode plate. Although attempts have been made to better define this junction and enable more positive engagement by the 21 stripping means, the base plate structures have proven to be more 22 susceptible to damage. Other problems which have been 23 encountered by the prior art arrangements have been damage to the 24 cathode plate and for metal plate by the force of the clamping means used to hold the assembly during the stripping operation 26 and the necessity for relatively complicated and expensive drive 27 mechanisms for the stripping means.
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~6~ 5 1 According to the present invention, there is provided a 2 cathode base plate for use in electrolytic refining in which a 3 metal is electrodeposited on said base plate and subsequently 4 peeled therefrom. The base plate has an edge portion of reduced thickness compared with at least the adjacent regions of said 6 plate, said portion having a plurality of openings therethrough.
7 ~n insulating material is mounted on and embraces said edge 8 portion with the outer surfaces of the insulating material 9 essentially flush with the adjacent surface regions of-said plate with said insulating material extending through said openings to 11 lock said insulating material to said base plate. Preferably, 12 the insulating material is either located in one corner of the 13 base plate or centrally of one edge thereof.
14 In a further aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus ~or stripping cathode base plates in electrolytic 16 refining comprising:
17 a supporting means for holding a cathode plate with electro-18 deposited metal in an upright position;
19 a pair of stripping members each having a wedge-shaped strip-ping elements mounted thereon with said elements in opposed 21 relationship with one another, said stripping members being 22 spring biased to urge said elements either towards or away from 23 one another;
24 means for moving said stripping members to cause said wedge-shaped elements to travel downwardly across the opposed surfaces 26 of said plate; and ,"
.5 l wedge-spacing control means co-operating with said stripping 2 members and carrying said wedges towards or away from one another 3 against the bias of said resilient means such that said wedges 4 are biased towards one another and respectively engage the opposed surfaces of said p~ate during a first part of the travel 6 of said wedges across said surfaces and thereafter are biased 7 away from one another during the remainder of their travel across 8 said surfaces to maintain a spacing between said surfaces and the 9 respective wedges.
Preferably, the cathode base plate has a support beam ll secured thereto and suspended at both ends from a bracket forming 12 part of said supporting means. The supporting means preferab~y 13 includes a chain conveyor upon which said cathode base plate 14 rests and guide bars between which said base plate is moved by said chain conveyor. Preferably, the stripping members are 16 arranged to move said wedge-shaped stripping elements along a 17 circular arc from one upper corner of said plate to the 18 diagonally opposite lower corner of the cathode base plate or l9 vertically downwardly in a plane containing the centre line of said cathode base plate, from the upper part of the cathode base 21 plate to the lower part thereof. Each said stripping member is 22 preferably formed from springy material and is of varying 23 thickness to present an outer surface of varying contour which 24 engages with a fixed member during travel of said stripping members to cam the stripping members and the associated stripping 26 elements away from and ~owards one another, the fixed member 27 preferably comprising a cam means having a pair of cam plates ~ 5 1 respectively disposed outwardly of said stripping members, and 2 each cam plate being provided contoured inwardly facing surfaces 3 of said stripping members. In another preferred embodiment of 4 the invention, the wedge-spacing control means comprises a cam means having a cam member disposed between stripping members, 6 said cam means having opposed outwardly facing surfaces adapted 7 to contact inwardly facing surfaces of said stripping members, 8 and means having regions of increased thickness at each end and 9 an intermediate region of decreased thickness, whereby said stripping members and the associated wedge-shaped stripping ll elements stripping members pass said regions of increased 12 thickness and move towards one another as said stripping members 13 pass said regions of decreased thickness.
14 The invention will now be described further by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings, 16 wherein:
17 Fig. 1 illustrates two examples of prior art base plates 18 wherein Fig. l(a~ is a vertical sectional view of the upper part 19 of one said example and Fig. l(b) is a transverse sectional view of one side of the other said example;
21 Fig. 2 is a view illustrating one preferred embodiment of 22 the base plate according to this invention wherein Fig. 2(a) is a 23 front view of the base plate as a whole and Fig. 2(b) is a 24 sectional view taken on line II-II of Fig. 2(a);
Fig. 3 is a view illustrating another preferred embodiment 26 of a base plate according to this invention wherein Fig. 3(a! is 1 a front view of the base plate as the whole and Fig. 3(b) is a 2 sectional view taken on line III-III of Fig. 3(a);
3 Fig. 4 is a front view, illustrating the stripping operation 4 being performed on the base plate of Fig. 2 by use of stripping apparatus embodying this invention;
6 Fig. 5 is a plan view taken on line V-V of Fig. 4;
7 Figs. 6 to 9 are partly enlarged plan views illustrating the 8 positional relationship between tbe base plate and the stripping means in the practice of the stripping operation shown in Fig. 4;
Fig. 10 is a partly broken plan view illustrating the 11 stripping operation being performed on the base plate of Fig. 2 12 in accordance with another embodiment cf the stripping apparatus 13 according to this invention;
14 Figs. 11 to 14 are partly enlarged plan views illustrating the positional relation between the base plate and the stripping 16 means in the practice of the s~ripping operation shown in Fiy.
17 10;
18 Fig. 15 is a plan view illustrating the stripping operation 19 being performed on the base plate of Fig. 3 in accordance with yet another embodiment of the stripping apparatus according to 21 this invention;
22 Figs. 16 to 19 are partly enlarged plan views illustrating 23 the positional relation between the base plate and the stripping 24 means in the practice of the stripping operation shown in Fig.
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1 Figs. 20 and 21 are partial plan views illustrating two 2 further embodiments of the base plate according to this 3 invention.
4 Fig. l(a) and (b) are upper and side sectional views illustrating two examples of prior art cathode plate embodiments, 6 which are respectively labelled ~' and A". In the case of such 7 7 cathode plates as A' and ~", automatic stripping apparatus is ` 8 commonly employed for the purpose of peeling off the metal plate 9 2' or 2l' from the base plate l' or 1" respectively.
Referring to the cathode plate ~' of Fig. l(a), firstly, the ll stripping operation is effected by mechanical or fluid impact 12 against the upper end of the metal plate 2' by means of a hammer 13 or air jet, thereby forming fine voids in the junction 5' betw~en 14 the base plate l' and the metal plate 2' along the upper edge of the latter. The stripping means (not shown) is then inserted .
16 downwardly against the junction to strip the plate 2' from the 17 base l'. However, the chamfered upper edge of the plate 2' 18 hinders insertion of the stripping means, which tends to ride l9 over the plate instead of wedging itself in the junction 5'.
Next referring to Fig. l(h), the cathode plate 2" is 21 obtained by the ateps of forming a narrow tongue 6" along a part 22 of the side edge of the base plate l", mounting a channel-shaped 23 insulating material 4" thereon so as to cover both sides of the 24 tongue, the thickness of said insulating material being identical to or thinner than that of the base plate l", and 26 electrodepositing the metal plate 2". In this case, the 27 stripping operation is again carried out in the manner of forming ., ., : - 7 -'' 1 fine voids in the junction 5" between both plates 1" and 2", 2 inserting the stripping means thereinto and moving said stripping 3 means toward the left in the drawing and then vertically~ The 4 cathode plate illustrated in Fig. l(b), whose junction is more distinct than that of Fig. l(a), facilitates insertion of the 6 stripping means, but a problem arises in that the insulating , 7 material 4" is liable to fall off the base plate 1" due to 8 impacts caused during the transportation of the base plate 1", ; 9 corrosion by electrolyte and the like. If this happens, the insertion of the stripping means is made still more difficult and 11 so it is necessary to mount a new piece of insulating material 4"
~ 12 on the tongue 6" so that the stripping operation may proceed.
s 13 Referring to the examples of both Figs. l(a) and l(b), the 14 base plate is likely to be damaged by impact at the time of forming fine voids between it and the metal plate, by the force 16 exerted by clamping means which ars used to hold the base plate 17 during the stripping operation and so forth. Additionally, 18 damage may be caused by the stripping means pressing against the 19 base plate during the stripping operation.
~ further problem with such known apparatus is that since 21 the stripping means is designed to make a rectilinear motion and 22 so has a long stroke/ a fluid cylinder is normally used to 23 provide this movement. In order to avoid the use of a long 24 cylinder it is necessary to increase the stroke by means of a rack pinion or the like. Such apparatus is generally large and 26 complicated.
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', 1 Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 illustrate alternative embodiments of base 2 plates according to this invention, wherein reference numeral 1 3 denotes a base plate in both figures. Fig. 2 illustrates the 4 base plate 1 provided with an insulating material 4 located in the upper part of its right hand edge, and Fig. 3 illustrates the 6 base plate provided with an insulating material 4 located 7 centrally of its upper edge.
8 The insulating material 4, as seen from the view in line -9 II-II of Fig. 2~a) and the enlarged sectional view along the line III-III of Fig. 3~a)~ respectively, comprises a plastic material 11 such as epoxy or polyester resin and the like or rubber, and is 12 partly embedded in holes 5 perforated in the thinned tongue 13 portion of the base plate which may for example be 2 mm thick in 14 a plate having an ordinary thickness of 6mm. Both sides of the insulating material 4 are thus connected through the thin tongued 16 portion of the base plate 1, the total thickness of the 17 insulating material 4 being substantially identical with that of 18 the base plate 1. In this context, it is to be noted that 19 reference numeral 6 denotes a conventional insulating frame for separating adjacent metal plates from one another.
21~ In the thus constructed base plate 1, wherein the insulating 22 material 4 is attached onto both sides of the base plate 1 and 23 secured by the portions embedded in through holes 5, there is no 24 possibility of the insulating material 4 falling away from the base plate 1 even when impact is applied to the base plate 1 or 26 the base plate 1 is attacked by corrosion.
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g 1 When the base plate 1 thus constructed is employed, the 2 peripheral edge portion 3 of the metal plate 2 formed upon 3 electrolytic refining will not deposit on the insulating material 4 4 and effectively forms a wedge-like gap C suitable for inserting S wedges or other peeling means, as shown in Fig. 2(b).
6 Referring now to Figs. 4 to 9, apparatus for removing the 7 plate 2 in Fig. 2 comprises a supporting bracket 27 and a 8 stripping apparatus generally designated 15. A cathode plate ~, 9 in which a base plate 1 is coated on both sides with a metal plate 2, is arranged with a number of similar plates into a set 11 of about ten such plates by means of a hoist or the like and 12 suspended from a beam tnot shown) at regular intervals within a 13 bracket 27.
14 The stripping apparatus 15 is aligned with the cathode plate 1, and includes a pair of stripping members 8 and 8' located on 16 either side of the base plate 1, a cylinder 19 operating said 17 members 8 and 8', and a cam plate 7 defining the spacing between 18 members 8 and 8'. Stripping members 8 and 8' are pivotally 19 supported at their lower ends on a bracket 9 secured to the bracket 27 by means of a pin 14, and wedges 10 and 10' are 21 mounted on the upper ends o~ ~he members 8 and 8'. The members 8 22 and 8', beiny formed from a flat spring, are normally parallel, 23 and are so designed that wedges 10 and 10' are urged together 24 when no external force is applied. The cylinder 19 is pivotally supported by means of a pin 12 on a bracket 11, the latter being 26 mounted on the bracket 27, and the head 13 of a piston rod is 27 pivotally supported in the base plate of members 8 and 8' by the ~ f~ .S
1 aid of a pin 14. The cam plate 7, which is attached at its base 2 end to the bracke~ 27, is located midway between members 8 and 8' 3 above the cylinder 19 and includes front and rear portions of 4 increased thickness 16, 16' and 17, 17' and middle portions 18, 18' of decreased thickness.
6 The stripping operation using the aforesaid appartus will be 7 explained hereinafter mainly with reference to Figs~ 6 to 9. The 8 stripping members 8 and 8' are shown in the various positions 9 designated by the symbols VI-IX in Fig. 4, are further illustrated in Figs. 6 to 9, wherein Figs. 6(a) through 9~a) 11 illustrate the relative positions between wedges 10, 10' and the 12 base plate 1 and Figs~ 6(b) through 9(b) illustrate the relative 13 positions between members 8, 8' and the respective parts of the 14 cam plate 7, respectively.
At the time when the base plate 1 has been supported at the 16 predetermined position of the bracket 27 as shown in Fig. 4, the 17 members 8 and 8' are posi~ioned at VI, wherein the members 8 and 18 8', as shown in Fig. 6(b), are spaced from each other by the 19 thicker portion (17, 17') of the cam plate 7 so that the spacing between wedges 10 and 10' is greater than the thickness of the 21 base plate 1. The members 8 and 8' are remote from the 22 insulating material 4 at this stage.
23 The cylinder 19 is then actuated to move members 8 and 8' 24 towards the insulating material 4 and when the members reach the position VII in Fig. 4, they move to the thinner part (18,18') of 26 the cam plate 7 as shown in Fig. 7(b) and are urged together by 27 their natural resilient force so that wedges 10 and 10' are urged 1 into contact wlth both sides of the insulating material 4 of the 2 base plate 1 as shown in Fig. 7(a).
3 When members 8 and 8' reach the position VIII in Fig. 4, 4 wedges 10 and 10', as shwon in Fig. 8(a), ent~r the junction gap C (Fig. 3(b)) between the metal plate 2 and the base plate 1 the 6 stripping operation of the metal plate 2 from the base plate 1 7 thus begins and continues while members 8 and 8' move along the 8 lower thin portion (18,18') of the cam plate 7 as shown in Fig~
9 8(b).
When the stripping operation is carried out by wedges 10 and 11 10' in the aforesaid manner and members 8 and 8' reach 12 substantially the position IX în Fig. 4, members 8 and 8' engage 13 the thicker portion (16,16') of the cam plate 7 as shown in Fig.
14 9(b) and consequently are forced apart again, whereby wedges 10 and 10' are moved away from both sides of the base plate 1. The 16 final stripping operation is carried out in this position. While 17 the aforesaid stripping operation is in progress, wedges lQ and 18 10' move in an arc about the pin 14' as its center, as indicated 19 by the arrow and when the wedges arrive at the position X in Fig.
4 the stripping operation is completed.
21 In the embodiment of Figs. 10 through 14, the members 8 and 22 8' are made of spring strip and are biased by their natural 23 resilience away from each other. Consequently, if there is no 24 external obstacle present, the wedges 10 and 10' will be spaced from the base plate 1.
26 Cam plates 7 and 7' are located outside of the members 8 and 27 8' and mounted on the brac~et 27. Said cam plates are provided . , .
~6~ 5 1 at their forward ends with higher profile portions 16 and 16' and 2 at their rear ends with lower profile portions 18 and 18', as 3 shown in Figs. 11 to 14.
4 In Figs. 11 to 14, Figs. llSa) through 14(a) indicate the relative positions between wedges 10, 10' and the base plate 1 6 and Figs. ll(a) through 14(a) illustrate the relative positions 7 between members 8, 8' and the respective parts of cam plates 7, 8 7', the members 8 and 8' being shown in various positions XI to 9 XIV of Fig. 10.
~t the time when the base plate 1 has been supported at the 11 predetermined position of the bracket 27 as shown in Fig. 10, 12 members 8 and 8' are positioned at XI, wherein scrapers 8 and 8', 13 as shown in Fig. ll(b), are spaced from each other so that the 14 higher portions 23 and 23' thereof face the lower portions 18 and 18' of the cam plates 7 and 7' and the spacing between wedges 10 16 and 10' is greater than the thickness of the base plate 1, th~
17 wedges being remote from the insulating material 4.
18 The cylinder 19 is then actuated to move members 8 and 8' 19 and when they reach the position XII in Fig. 10, the higher por~tions 23 and 23' of members 8 and 8' move toward the higher 21 portions 16 and 16' of cam plates 7 and 7' as shown in Fig. 12(b) 22 and are forced towards one another against their natural spring 23 forces so ~hat wedges 10 and 10', contact both sides of the 24 insulating material 4 of the base plate 1 as shown in Fig. 12(a) and slide along these sides toward the metal plate 2.
26 When members 8 and 8~ arrive at the position XIII in Fig.
27 10, wedges 10 and 10', as shown in Fig. 13(a), enter the junction 1 gap between the metal plate 2 and the base plate 1. The peeling 2 operation of the metal plate 2 from the base plate 1 thus begins 3 and this state continues while the higher portions 23 and 23' of 4 wedges 8 and 8' move along the higher portions 16 and 16' of cam plates 7 and 7' as shown in Fig. 13(b).
6 When the stripping operation is performed by wedges 10 and 7 10' as described and members 8 and 8' reach substantially the 8 position XIV in Fig. 10, the higher portions 23 and 23i of 9 scrapers 8 and 8' disengage the higher portions of cam plates 7 and 7' as shown in Fig. 14(b) and consequently move away from 11 each other again, whexeby wedges 10 and 10' are urged away from 12 the respective sides of the base plate 1. The final stage of the 13 stripping operation is carried in this condition.
14 While the aforesaid stripping operation is in progress, wedges 10 and 10' move along an arc with the pin 14' as the 16 center. When the wedges arrive at the position XV in Fig. 10 the 17 stripping operation is completed.
18 ~ third embodiment is illustrated in Figs. 15 to 19, 19 respectively and is particularly adapted to the structure of Fig.
3.
21 The stripping apparatus illustrated in Fig. 15 includes a 22 chain conveyer 29 carrying thereon the lower end of the base 23 plate 1, a supporting means comprising guide bars 30 located on 24 both sides of a beam 21 of the base plate 1, and a stripping apparatus operably designated 15'.
26 The base plate 1 is brought into stripping position in such 27 a manner that its lower edge is carried on the conveyor 29 and - ~4 -1 both sides of the beam 21 are held by guide bars 30. The 2 stripping apparatus 15' is disposed at a position opposite to the 3 base plate 1 as aforesaid, said apparatus 15' including a pair of 4 stripping members 8 and 8' located on either side of the base plate 1, a cylinder for actuating said members 8 and 8', and two 6 cam plates 7 and 7' for changing the spacing between members 8 7 and 8'. In this embodiment, members 8 and 8', being formed from 8 a spring material, are biased away from each other and 9 consequently, if there is no external force exerted thereon, wedges 10 and 10' will be urged away from the base plate 1.
11 Reference numeral 28 denotes a guide frame for the bracket 27 to 12 which a cylinder 19' is secured. The cam plates 7 and 7' 13 illustrated in Fig. 15, which are located outside of members 8 14 and 8' and mounted on the bracket 27 by the aid of a supporting bar 31, as shown in Figs. 16 to 19, are provided at the inside 16 lower ends with higher-profile portion 16 and 16' and at the uper 17 parts with lower-profile portions 18 and 18'.
18 The stripping operation according to the present embodiment lg will be explained hereinafter mainly with reference to Figs. 16 to l9o 21 In FigsO 16 to 19, Figs. 16(a) through l9(a) indicate the 22 relative positions between wedges 10, 10' and the base plate 1 23 and Figs. 16(b) through l9(b) illustrate the relative positions 24 between members 8, 8l and the respective parts of cam plates 7, 7' for the various positions of members 8 and 8' designated by 26 XVI to IXX in Fig. 15.
As is evident from the foregoing, this embodiment is different from the embodiment described above in that members 8 and 8' move linearly downwardly in a vertical direction.
Otherwise, this embodiment is similar in respect of the way cam plates 7, 7' act upon members 8, 8' the details of which will therefore nvt be repeated.
Although particular preferred embodiments of the invention have been disclosed hereinabove for purposes of illustration, it will be understood that variations or modifications thereof which lie within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims are fully contemplated. For example, it may be noted that in Figs. 20 and 21, there are indicated base plates 1 provided with differently shaped insulating materials 4. Furthermoré, for a cylinder as a driving means and a cam plate as a controlling means may be substituted any other means which would result in a similar performance and which will readily be apparent to those skilled in the art.
According to conventional electrolytic refining techniques, 6 nonferrous metals are refined by electrodepositing the nonferrous 7 metal onto a cathode hase plate (which will be referred to as 8 "base plate" hereinafter) installed within an electrolytic cell.
9 ~ catnode plate with electrodeposited metal (which wil~ be referred to as "cathode plate" hereinafter) formed thereon as 11 electrodeposited metal plate (which will be referred to as "metal 12 plate"), is thsn stripped by inserting a stripping means such as 13 wedge scraper, knife or the like between the base plate and the 14 metal plate constituting the cathode plate.
~s will hereinafter be explained more fully, problems exist 16 with conventional base plate structures, in that the stripping 17 means does not reliably engage the junction between the cathode 18 plate and the metal plate to begin stripping the latter away from 19 the cathode plate. Although attempts have been made to better define this junction and enable more positive engagement by the 21 stripping means, the base plate structures have proven to be more 22 susceptible to damage. Other problems which have been 23 encountered by the prior art arrangements have been damage to the 24 cathode plate and for metal plate by the force of the clamping means used to hold the assembly during the stripping operation 26 and the necessity for relatively complicated and expensive drive 27 mechanisms for the stripping means.
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~6~ 5 1 According to the present invention, there is provided a 2 cathode base plate for use in electrolytic refining in which a 3 metal is electrodeposited on said base plate and subsequently 4 peeled therefrom. The base plate has an edge portion of reduced thickness compared with at least the adjacent regions of said 6 plate, said portion having a plurality of openings therethrough.
7 ~n insulating material is mounted on and embraces said edge 8 portion with the outer surfaces of the insulating material 9 essentially flush with the adjacent surface regions of-said plate with said insulating material extending through said openings to 11 lock said insulating material to said base plate. Preferably, 12 the insulating material is either located in one corner of the 13 base plate or centrally of one edge thereof.
14 In a further aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus ~or stripping cathode base plates in electrolytic 16 refining comprising:
17 a supporting means for holding a cathode plate with electro-18 deposited metal in an upright position;
19 a pair of stripping members each having a wedge-shaped strip-ping elements mounted thereon with said elements in opposed 21 relationship with one another, said stripping members being 22 spring biased to urge said elements either towards or away from 23 one another;
24 means for moving said stripping members to cause said wedge-shaped elements to travel downwardly across the opposed surfaces 26 of said plate; and ,"
.5 l wedge-spacing control means co-operating with said stripping 2 members and carrying said wedges towards or away from one another 3 against the bias of said resilient means such that said wedges 4 are biased towards one another and respectively engage the opposed surfaces of said p~ate during a first part of the travel 6 of said wedges across said surfaces and thereafter are biased 7 away from one another during the remainder of their travel across 8 said surfaces to maintain a spacing between said surfaces and the 9 respective wedges.
Preferably, the cathode base plate has a support beam ll secured thereto and suspended at both ends from a bracket forming 12 part of said supporting means. The supporting means preferab~y 13 includes a chain conveyor upon which said cathode base plate 14 rests and guide bars between which said base plate is moved by said chain conveyor. Preferably, the stripping members are 16 arranged to move said wedge-shaped stripping elements along a 17 circular arc from one upper corner of said plate to the 18 diagonally opposite lower corner of the cathode base plate or l9 vertically downwardly in a plane containing the centre line of said cathode base plate, from the upper part of the cathode base 21 plate to the lower part thereof. Each said stripping member is 22 preferably formed from springy material and is of varying 23 thickness to present an outer surface of varying contour which 24 engages with a fixed member during travel of said stripping members to cam the stripping members and the associated stripping 26 elements away from and ~owards one another, the fixed member 27 preferably comprising a cam means having a pair of cam plates ~ 5 1 respectively disposed outwardly of said stripping members, and 2 each cam plate being provided contoured inwardly facing surfaces 3 of said stripping members. In another preferred embodiment of 4 the invention, the wedge-spacing control means comprises a cam means having a cam member disposed between stripping members, 6 said cam means having opposed outwardly facing surfaces adapted 7 to contact inwardly facing surfaces of said stripping members, 8 and means having regions of increased thickness at each end and 9 an intermediate region of decreased thickness, whereby said stripping members and the associated wedge-shaped stripping ll elements stripping members pass said regions of increased 12 thickness and move towards one another as said stripping members 13 pass said regions of decreased thickness.
14 The invention will now be described further by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings, 16 wherein:
17 Fig. 1 illustrates two examples of prior art base plates 18 wherein Fig. l(a~ is a vertical sectional view of the upper part 19 of one said example and Fig. l(b) is a transverse sectional view of one side of the other said example;
21 Fig. 2 is a view illustrating one preferred embodiment of 22 the base plate according to this invention wherein Fig. 2(a) is a 23 front view of the base plate as a whole and Fig. 2(b) is a 24 sectional view taken on line II-II of Fig. 2(a);
Fig. 3 is a view illustrating another preferred embodiment 26 of a base plate according to this invention wherein Fig. 3(a! is 1 a front view of the base plate as the whole and Fig. 3(b) is a 2 sectional view taken on line III-III of Fig. 3(a);
3 Fig. 4 is a front view, illustrating the stripping operation 4 being performed on the base plate of Fig. 2 by use of stripping apparatus embodying this invention;
6 Fig. 5 is a plan view taken on line V-V of Fig. 4;
7 Figs. 6 to 9 are partly enlarged plan views illustrating the 8 positional relationship between tbe base plate and the stripping means in the practice of the stripping operation shown in Fig. 4;
Fig. 10 is a partly broken plan view illustrating the 11 stripping operation being performed on the base plate of Fig. 2 12 in accordance with another embodiment cf the stripping apparatus 13 according to this invention;
14 Figs. 11 to 14 are partly enlarged plan views illustrating the positional relation between the base plate and the stripping 16 means in the practice of the s~ripping operation shown in Fiy.
17 10;
18 Fig. 15 is a plan view illustrating the stripping operation 19 being performed on the base plate of Fig. 3 in accordance with yet another embodiment of the stripping apparatus according to 21 this invention;
22 Figs. 16 to 19 are partly enlarged plan views illustrating 23 the positional relation between the base plate and the stripping 24 means in the practice of the stripping operation shown in Fig.
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1 Figs. 20 and 21 are partial plan views illustrating two 2 further embodiments of the base plate according to this 3 invention.
4 Fig. l(a) and (b) are upper and side sectional views illustrating two examples of prior art cathode plate embodiments, 6 which are respectively labelled ~' and A". In the case of such 7 7 cathode plates as A' and ~", automatic stripping apparatus is ` 8 commonly employed for the purpose of peeling off the metal plate 9 2' or 2l' from the base plate l' or 1" respectively.
Referring to the cathode plate ~' of Fig. l(a), firstly, the ll stripping operation is effected by mechanical or fluid impact 12 against the upper end of the metal plate 2' by means of a hammer 13 or air jet, thereby forming fine voids in the junction 5' betw~en 14 the base plate l' and the metal plate 2' along the upper edge of the latter. The stripping means (not shown) is then inserted .
16 downwardly against the junction to strip the plate 2' from the 17 base l'. However, the chamfered upper edge of the plate 2' 18 hinders insertion of the stripping means, which tends to ride l9 over the plate instead of wedging itself in the junction 5'.
Next referring to Fig. l(h), the cathode plate 2" is 21 obtained by the ateps of forming a narrow tongue 6" along a part 22 of the side edge of the base plate l", mounting a channel-shaped 23 insulating material 4" thereon so as to cover both sides of the 24 tongue, the thickness of said insulating material being identical to or thinner than that of the base plate l", and 26 electrodepositing the metal plate 2". In this case, the 27 stripping operation is again carried out in the manner of forming ., ., : - 7 -'' 1 fine voids in the junction 5" between both plates 1" and 2", 2 inserting the stripping means thereinto and moving said stripping 3 means toward the left in the drawing and then vertically~ The 4 cathode plate illustrated in Fig. l(b), whose junction is more distinct than that of Fig. l(a), facilitates insertion of the 6 stripping means, but a problem arises in that the insulating , 7 material 4" is liable to fall off the base plate 1" due to 8 impacts caused during the transportation of the base plate 1", ; 9 corrosion by electrolyte and the like. If this happens, the insertion of the stripping means is made still more difficult and 11 so it is necessary to mount a new piece of insulating material 4"
~ 12 on the tongue 6" so that the stripping operation may proceed.
s 13 Referring to the examples of both Figs. l(a) and l(b), the 14 base plate is likely to be damaged by impact at the time of forming fine voids between it and the metal plate, by the force 16 exerted by clamping means which ars used to hold the base plate 17 during the stripping operation and so forth. Additionally, 18 damage may be caused by the stripping means pressing against the 19 base plate during the stripping operation.
~ further problem with such known apparatus is that since 21 the stripping means is designed to make a rectilinear motion and 22 so has a long stroke/ a fluid cylinder is normally used to 23 provide this movement. In order to avoid the use of a long 24 cylinder it is necessary to increase the stroke by means of a rack pinion or the like. Such apparatus is generally large and 26 complicated.
:, f .` ~
,~
-.
', 1 Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 illustrate alternative embodiments of base 2 plates according to this invention, wherein reference numeral 1 3 denotes a base plate in both figures. Fig. 2 illustrates the 4 base plate 1 provided with an insulating material 4 located in the upper part of its right hand edge, and Fig. 3 illustrates the 6 base plate provided with an insulating material 4 located 7 centrally of its upper edge.
8 The insulating material 4, as seen from the view in line -9 II-II of Fig. 2~a) and the enlarged sectional view along the line III-III of Fig. 3~a)~ respectively, comprises a plastic material 11 such as epoxy or polyester resin and the like or rubber, and is 12 partly embedded in holes 5 perforated in the thinned tongue 13 portion of the base plate which may for example be 2 mm thick in 14 a plate having an ordinary thickness of 6mm. Both sides of the insulating material 4 are thus connected through the thin tongued 16 portion of the base plate 1, the total thickness of the 17 insulating material 4 being substantially identical with that of 18 the base plate 1. In this context, it is to be noted that 19 reference numeral 6 denotes a conventional insulating frame for separating adjacent metal plates from one another.
21~ In the thus constructed base plate 1, wherein the insulating 22 material 4 is attached onto both sides of the base plate 1 and 23 secured by the portions embedded in through holes 5, there is no 24 possibility of the insulating material 4 falling away from the base plate 1 even when impact is applied to the base plate 1 or 26 the base plate 1 is attacked by corrosion.
. ,, :
:
.:
g 1 When the base plate 1 thus constructed is employed, the 2 peripheral edge portion 3 of the metal plate 2 formed upon 3 electrolytic refining will not deposit on the insulating material 4 4 and effectively forms a wedge-like gap C suitable for inserting S wedges or other peeling means, as shown in Fig. 2(b).
6 Referring now to Figs. 4 to 9, apparatus for removing the 7 plate 2 in Fig. 2 comprises a supporting bracket 27 and a 8 stripping apparatus generally designated 15. A cathode plate ~, 9 in which a base plate 1 is coated on both sides with a metal plate 2, is arranged with a number of similar plates into a set 11 of about ten such plates by means of a hoist or the like and 12 suspended from a beam tnot shown) at regular intervals within a 13 bracket 27.
14 The stripping apparatus 15 is aligned with the cathode plate 1, and includes a pair of stripping members 8 and 8' located on 16 either side of the base plate 1, a cylinder 19 operating said 17 members 8 and 8', and a cam plate 7 defining the spacing between 18 members 8 and 8'. Stripping members 8 and 8' are pivotally 19 supported at their lower ends on a bracket 9 secured to the bracket 27 by means of a pin 14, and wedges 10 and 10' are 21 mounted on the upper ends o~ ~he members 8 and 8'. The members 8 22 and 8', beiny formed from a flat spring, are normally parallel, 23 and are so designed that wedges 10 and 10' are urged together 24 when no external force is applied. The cylinder 19 is pivotally supported by means of a pin 12 on a bracket 11, the latter being 26 mounted on the bracket 27, and the head 13 of a piston rod is 27 pivotally supported in the base plate of members 8 and 8' by the ~ f~ .S
1 aid of a pin 14. The cam plate 7, which is attached at its base 2 end to the bracke~ 27, is located midway between members 8 and 8' 3 above the cylinder 19 and includes front and rear portions of 4 increased thickness 16, 16' and 17, 17' and middle portions 18, 18' of decreased thickness.
6 The stripping operation using the aforesaid appartus will be 7 explained hereinafter mainly with reference to Figs~ 6 to 9. The 8 stripping members 8 and 8' are shown in the various positions 9 designated by the symbols VI-IX in Fig. 4, are further illustrated in Figs. 6 to 9, wherein Figs. 6(a) through 9~a) 11 illustrate the relative positions between wedges 10, 10' and the 12 base plate 1 and Figs~ 6(b) through 9(b) illustrate the relative 13 positions between members 8, 8' and the respective parts of the 14 cam plate 7, respectively.
At the time when the base plate 1 has been supported at the 16 predetermined position of the bracket 27 as shown in Fig. 4, the 17 members 8 and 8' are posi~ioned at VI, wherein the members 8 and 18 8', as shown in Fig. 6(b), are spaced from each other by the 19 thicker portion (17, 17') of the cam plate 7 so that the spacing between wedges 10 and 10' is greater than the thickness of the 21 base plate 1. The members 8 and 8' are remote from the 22 insulating material 4 at this stage.
23 The cylinder 19 is then actuated to move members 8 and 8' 24 towards the insulating material 4 and when the members reach the position VII in Fig. 4, they move to the thinner part (18,18') of 26 the cam plate 7 as shown in Fig. 7(b) and are urged together by 27 their natural resilient force so that wedges 10 and 10' are urged 1 into contact wlth both sides of the insulating material 4 of the 2 base plate 1 as shown in Fig. 7(a).
3 When members 8 and 8' reach the position VIII in Fig. 4, 4 wedges 10 and 10', as shwon in Fig. 8(a), ent~r the junction gap C (Fig. 3(b)) between the metal plate 2 and the base plate 1 the 6 stripping operation of the metal plate 2 from the base plate 1 7 thus begins and continues while members 8 and 8' move along the 8 lower thin portion (18,18') of the cam plate 7 as shown in Fig~
9 8(b).
When the stripping operation is carried out by wedges 10 and 11 10' in the aforesaid manner and members 8 and 8' reach 12 substantially the position IX în Fig. 4, members 8 and 8' engage 13 the thicker portion (16,16') of the cam plate 7 as shown in Fig.
14 9(b) and consequently are forced apart again, whereby wedges 10 and 10' are moved away from both sides of the base plate 1. The 16 final stripping operation is carried out in this position. While 17 the aforesaid stripping operation is in progress, wedges lQ and 18 10' move in an arc about the pin 14' as its center, as indicated 19 by the arrow and when the wedges arrive at the position X in Fig.
4 the stripping operation is completed.
21 In the embodiment of Figs. 10 through 14, the members 8 and 22 8' are made of spring strip and are biased by their natural 23 resilience away from each other. Consequently, if there is no 24 external obstacle present, the wedges 10 and 10' will be spaced from the base plate 1.
26 Cam plates 7 and 7' are located outside of the members 8 and 27 8' and mounted on the brac~et 27. Said cam plates are provided . , .
~6~ 5 1 at their forward ends with higher profile portions 16 and 16' and 2 at their rear ends with lower profile portions 18 and 18', as 3 shown in Figs. 11 to 14.
4 In Figs. 11 to 14, Figs. llSa) through 14(a) indicate the relative positions between wedges 10, 10' and the base plate 1 6 and Figs. ll(a) through 14(a) illustrate the relative positions 7 between members 8, 8' and the respective parts of cam plates 7, 8 7', the members 8 and 8' being shown in various positions XI to 9 XIV of Fig. 10.
~t the time when the base plate 1 has been supported at the 11 predetermined position of the bracket 27 as shown in Fig. 10, 12 members 8 and 8' are positioned at XI, wherein scrapers 8 and 8', 13 as shown in Fig. ll(b), are spaced from each other so that the 14 higher portions 23 and 23' thereof face the lower portions 18 and 18' of the cam plates 7 and 7' and the spacing between wedges 10 16 and 10' is greater than the thickness of the base plate 1, th~
17 wedges being remote from the insulating material 4.
18 The cylinder 19 is then actuated to move members 8 and 8' 19 and when they reach the position XII in Fig. 10, the higher por~tions 23 and 23' of members 8 and 8' move toward the higher 21 portions 16 and 16' of cam plates 7 and 7' as shown in Fig. 12(b) 22 and are forced towards one another against their natural spring 23 forces so ~hat wedges 10 and 10', contact both sides of the 24 insulating material 4 of the base plate 1 as shown in Fig. 12(a) and slide along these sides toward the metal plate 2.
26 When members 8 and 8~ arrive at the position XIII in Fig.
27 10, wedges 10 and 10', as shown in Fig. 13(a), enter the junction 1 gap between the metal plate 2 and the base plate 1. The peeling 2 operation of the metal plate 2 from the base plate 1 thus begins 3 and this state continues while the higher portions 23 and 23' of 4 wedges 8 and 8' move along the higher portions 16 and 16' of cam plates 7 and 7' as shown in Fig. 13(b).
6 When the stripping operation is performed by wedges 10 and 7 10' as described and members 8 and 8' reach substantially the 8 position XIV in Fig. 10, the higher portions 23 and 23i of 9 scrapers 8 and 8' disengage the higher portions of cam plates 7 and 7' as shown in Fig. 14(b) and consequently move away from 11 each other again, whexeby wedges 10 and 10' are urged away from 12 the respective sides of the base plate 1. The final stage of the 13 stripping operation is carried in this condition.
14 While the aforesaid stripping operation is in progress, wedges 10 and 10' move along an arc with the pin 14' as the 16 center. When the wedges arrive at the position XV in Fig. 10 the 17 stripping operation is completed.
18 ~ third embodiment is illustrated in Figs. 15 to 19, 19 respectively and is particularly adapted to the structure of Fig.
3.
21 The stripping apparatus illustrated in Fig. 15 includes a 22 chain conveyer 29 carrying thereon the lower end of the base 23 plate 1, a supporting means comprising guide bars 30 located on 24 both sides of a beam 21 of the base plate 1, and a stripping apparatus operably designated 15'.
26 The base plate 1 is brought into stripping position in such 27 a manner that its lower edge is carried on the conveyor 29 and - ~4 -1 both sides of the beam 21 are held by guide bars 30. The 2 stripping apparatus 15' is disposed at a position opposite to the 3 base plate 1 as aforesaid, said apparatus 15' including a pair of 4 stripping members 8 and 8' located on either side of the base plate 1, a cylinder for actuating said members 8 and 8', and two 6 cam plates 7 and 7' for changing the spacing between members 8 7 and 8'. In this embodiment, members 8 and 8', being formed from 8 a spring material, are biased away from each other and 9 consequently, if there is no external force exerted thereon, wedges 10 and 10' will be urged away from the base plate 1.
11 Reference numeral 28 denotes a guide frame for the bracket 27 to 12 which a cylinder 19' is secured. The cam plates 7 and 7' 13 illustrated in Fig. 15, which are located outside of members 8 14 and 8' and mounted on the bracket 27 by the aid of a supporting bar 31, as shown in Figs. 16 to 19, are provided at the inside 16 lower ends with higher-profile portion 16 and 16' and at the uper 17 parts with lower-profile portions 18 and 18'.
18 The stripping operation according to the present embodiment lg will be explained hereinafter mainly with reference to Figs. 16 to l9o 21 In FigsO 16 to 19, Figs. 16(a) through l9(a) indicate the 22 relative positions between wedges 10, 10' and the base plate 1 23 and Figs. 16(b) through l9(b) illustrate the relative positions 24 between members 8, 8l and the respective parts of cam plates 7, 7' for the various positions of members 8 and 8' designated by 26 XVI to IXX in Fig. 15.
As is evident from the foregoing, this embodiment is different from the embodiment described above in that members 8 and 8' move linearly downwardly in a vertical direction.
Otherwise, this embodiment is similar in respect of the way cam plates 7, 7' act upon members 8, 8' the details of which will therefore nvt be repeated.
Although particular preferred embodiments of the invention have been disclosed hereinabove for purposes of illustration, it will be understood that variations or modifications thereof which lie within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims are fully contemplated. For example, it may be noted that in Figs. 20 and 21, there are indicated base plates 1 provided with differently shaped insulating materials 4. Furthermoré, for a cylinder as a driving means and a cam plate as a controlling means may be substituted any other means which would result in a similar performance and which will readily be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (3)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A cathode base plate for use in electrolytic refining in which a metal is electrodeposited on said base plate and subsequently peeled therefrom, said base plate having an edge portion of reduced thickness compared with at least the adjacent regions of said plate, said portion having a plurality of openings therethrough and an insulating material mounted on and embracing said edge portion with the outer surfaces of said insulating material essentially flush with the adjacent surface regions of said plate with said insulating material extending through said openings to lock said insulating material to said base plate.
2. A cathode base plate as claimed in claim 1, said edge portion being located in one corner of said base plate.
3. A cathode base plate as claimed in claim 1 wherein said edge portion is located centrally of one edge of said base plate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000437601A CA1185204A (en) | 1979-09-20 | 1983-09-26 | Cathode base plate for electrolytic refining and their treating apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1979130243U JPS5929953Y2 (en) | 1979-09-20 | 1979-09-20 | Cathode mother plate for electrolytic smelting |
| JP130243/1979 | 1979-09-20 | ||
| JP14029279A JPS5665992A (en) | 1979-10-30 | 1979-10-30 | Exfoliating method and device of electrodeposited metallic plate |
| JP140292/1979 | 1979-10-30 | ||
| JP9844580A JPS5726186A (en) | 1980-07-18 | 1980-07-18 | Method and device for peeling electrodeposited metallic plate using cathode base plate for electrolytic smelting |
| JP98445/1980 | 1980-07-18 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000437601A Division CA1185204A (en) | 1979-09-20 | 1983-09-26 | Cathode base plate for electrolytic refining and their treating apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1169025A true CA1169025A (en) | 1984-06-12 |
Family
ID=27308672
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000360410A Expired CA1169025A (en) | 1979-09-20 | 1980-09-17 | Electrode plate with insulating material locked through edge openings |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU526408B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE885313A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1169025A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3035019A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI67096C (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1130839B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU669970B2 (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1996-06-27 | Asturiana De Zinc, S.A. | A cathode for the electrolytic deposition of non-ferrous metals |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3307890C2 (en) * | 1983-03-05 | 1988-12-22 | C.J. Wennberg AB, Karlstad | Method and device for cleaning cathode plates obtained in the electrolytic refining of metals, in particular Cu cathode plates |
| ES2020729A6 (en) * | 1990-08-01 | 1991-09-01 | Asturiana De Zinc Sa | Installation for removing the zinc deposited by electrolysis on aluminium plates. |
| DK0767256T3 (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1999-08-16 | Asturiana De Zinc Sa | Installations for releasing cathode galvanically deposited layers |
| FI104432B (en) * | 1997-08-11 | 2000-01-31 | Outokumpu Oy | Motherboard holder |
| DE19902663A1 (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2000-07-27 | Ruhr Zink Gmbh | Pre-opening unit for stripping machines |
| EP2886682B1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2016-05-18 | AMAG rolling GmbH | Cathode plate and method for forming an onset area for a peeling device on a cathode plate |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4131531A (en) * | 1977-06-29 | 1978-12-26 | Mitsubishi Kinzoku Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for stripping electrodeposited metal from cathode sheets |
| CA1082131A (en) * | 1977-10-11 | 1980-07-22 | Lucien Babin | Electrode for the electrolytic deposition of metals |
-
1980
- 1980-09-16 AU AU62430/80A patent/AU526408B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-09-17 CA CA000360410A patent/CA1169025A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-09-17 DE DE19803035019 patent/DE3035019A1/en active Granted
- 1980-09-17 DE DE19803051150 patent/DE3051150C2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-09-18 FI FI802937A patent/FI67096C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-09-18 IT IT8068439A patent/IT1130839B/en active
- 1980-09-19 BE BE0/202168A patent/BE885313A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU669970B2 (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1996-06-27 | Asturiana De Zinc, S.A. | A cathode for the electrolytic deposition of non-ferrous metals |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6243080A (en) | 1981-03-26 |
| FI67096C (en) | 1985-01-10 |
| DE3051150C2 (en) | 1989-10-26 |
| IT8068439A0 (en) | 1980-09-18 |
| FI67096B (en) | 1984-09-28 |
| DE3035019C2 (en) | 1989-08-17 |
| DE3035019A1 (en) | 1981-04-09 |
| IT1130839B (en) | 1986-06-18 |
| BE885313A (en) | 1981-01-16 |
| AU526408B2 (en) | 1983-01-06 |
| FI802937A (en) | 1981-03-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |