CA1168016A - Gusset for a wood frame and a process for forming the gusset - Google Patents
Gusset for a wood frame and a process for forming the gussetInfo
- Publication number
- CA1168016A CA1168016A CA000375950A CA375950A CA1168016A CA 1168016 A CA1168016 A CA 1168016A CA 000375950 A CA000375950 A CA 000375950A CA 375950 A CA375950 A CA 375950A CA 1168016 A CA1168016 A CA 1168016A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gusset
- leg
- elements
- intrados
- accordance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/38—Arched girders or portal frames
- E04C3/42—Arched girders or portal frames of wood, e.g. units for rafter roofs
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A gusset and a process for forming a gusset for supporting a framework are provided. The process includes a method for assuring the angular rigidity of contiguous elements which are situated on both sides of an assembly joint, both the joint and the elements comprising a portion of a framework. The elements are buttressed on the gusset by an intrados which forms a part of the frame. The process includes connecting the intrados by a structural element so as to form a running arch in continuous fashion between the intrados. A structural element is provided which has its ends buttressed against the intrados, and which is adapted to equilibrate the components of a compressive force which are received by the structural element.
These components are non-tangentially directed from the running arch, and are contained within a plane formed by the contiguous elements. The gusset includes a force leg having two ends which abut the elements, and a plurality of support struts Which are connected to the leg and to the elements and which serve to minimize buckling of the leg and minimize secondary reaction forces which occur as a result of the imposition of a compressive force on the framework.
A gusset and a process for forming a gusset for supporting a framework are provided. The process includes a method for assuring the angular rigidity of contiguous elements which are situated on both sides of an assembly joint, both the joint and the elements comprising a portion of a framework. The elements are buttressed on the gusset by an intrados which forms a part of the frame. The process includes connecting the intrados by a structural element so as to form a running arch in continuous fashion between the intrados. A structural element is provided which has its ends buttressed against the intrados, and which is adapted to equilibrate the components of a compressive force which are received by the structural element.
These components are non-tangentially directed from the running arch, and are contained within a plane formed by the contiguous elements. The gusset includes a force leg having two ends which abut the elements, and a plurality of support struts Which are connected to the leg and to the elements and which serve to minimize buckling of the leg and minimize secondary reaction forces which occur as a result of the imposition of a compressive force on the framework.
Description
~ ~i8~6 P~71~
~CKcnoUND OF TE~E INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gusset system adapted to be used for the construct-ion of frames both as an assembly element and as a reinforcement or support element.
~CKcnoUND OF TE~E INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gusset system adapted to be used for the construct-ion of frames both as an assembly element and as a reinforcement or support element.
2. Description of Prior Art A gusset frequently assumes the form of a cheek or side plate and can be made out of wood or metal.
Various types of gussets are utilized in modern frameworking for the construction of porticos made out e_ of wood. The design of the gussets must assure the rigidity in compression of the contiguous elements situated on both sides of an a~sembly joint with each of the elements being buttressed on the gusset.
The development of the state of the pressed layered wood art has led to the development of gussets made of curved elements made of pressed cohesive layered wood laminates.
Besides the fact that these gussets must be formed by a sophisticated process, by virtue of the conditions imposed upon the manner in which the wood i9 dried, their manufacture generally requires quantities of wood which are substantiall~ greater than thGse necessary 25 for forming conventional gussets. '~?~
In a more general fashion, the various gussets ~-adapted for use in traditional frame mounting systems all rely upon using the above principle in practice.
Such gussets generally comprise a force leg abutting the frame at its two ends (i.e., supported by a shoulder at its two ends) and on which the contiguous elements are buttressed.
The leg serves to redistribute the compressiveforces developed through each of the interior elements which form a part of the contiguous elements. In effect, each of these forces is divIded into two .. ~,..... .
. . .
-~i8CD~6 com~onents. A first component is neutralized by buttressing in the central portion of the force leg while the second component is redirected to any point of the frame by conventional means.
These types of gussets are perfectly appropriate for the assembly of frames, and particularly for porticos made out of wood. However, experience has shown that;
a) the redirection of the second component of each compressive force creates secondary reactions in the - frame which must be taken into account in the . resistance calculations of the materials;
b~ the force leg, which forms an integral portion of the gusset, has a tendency to yield or buckle, i.e., to curve itself inwardly under the effect of the inevitable lateral force components which develop at the same time as the substantial antagonistic forces applied along the axis of the force leg; and c) the assembly so constituted, on the one hand by the gusset and on the other hand by the contiguous elements which are connected, has a tendency to laterally incline by virtue of the fact that it is through its thickness (i.e., through its smallest dimension) that the force leg is positioned in the plane of the portico.
The above inconveniences are presently~mlnimized by virtue of more or less acceptable solutions.
Thus, to distribute the forces between the various frame elements as a function of the load regime (i.e., all of the loads which must be taken into account at all cross-sections) leads to relatively complex calculations.
To avoid buckling, tables;are utilized to furnish for each material the minimum cross-section which must be used as a function of the load applied and the ~ 68~6 length. To minimize problems of inclination, lateral tie beams are provided, for example, beams which are made of wood or metal or countç~buttressed systems are used~ -SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
_ The instant invention has as a principal object to completely overcome the above disadvantages by providing a process and article of manufacture utilizing the simple techniques of nailing frame elements and whi~h can consequently be utilized by all carpenters not having the means for utilizing pressed layered wood at their disposal~
The present invention further allows for a substantial savings in raw materials as well as in ~5 assembly time. It can, therefore, be carefully inserted in a frame whose principal elements are made of pressed layered wood to the extent that the use of pressed layered wood is not justified in forming the gusset.
According to the process of the invention, a frame gusset i9 provided which finds particular use in wood porticos. The gusset provided assures, in compression, the angular rigidity of contiguous elements situated on both sides of an assembly joint. Each of the contiguous angular elements are buttressed on the gusset by means of an intrados which is itself supported on the frame.
l`he process of the invention is unique in that the intrados of the contiguous elements are connected by-an element which provides or achieves a running arch effect in a continuous fashion between these intrados and which is huttressed at its nds against these intrados.
According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the gusset is formed so as to equllibrate the non-tang~ntial ~omFonents to the ' ' '.
~ 68~
connecting arch effect referred to above of the two compressive forces received by the gusset and by an - antagonistic reaction passing through the assembly joint.
Furthermore, each of the compressive componen.t forces received through the connecting element of the intrados is equilibrated by an opposite reaction force and is applied to the same point of the connecting element.
: 10 So as to avoid the appearance of rotational moments due to the application of equilibration forces at distinct points, this method makes it possible to free itself of secondary reaction ~s~ces in the portion of the frame adjacent to the joint and, at the same .5,','.
time, of the lateral inclination tendency of the arch connection effect.
According to another particularly advantageous embodiment o the invention, this embodiment being advantageous because it makes it possible to simplify th~ necessary calculations relating to the resistance of materials required to form the frame, the decomposition of the reslstances o the various elements of the frame is.relat~ed as a function of the load requirements to a single~factor constituted by the spacing between the continuous arch and the assembly joint.
According to another more advanced and preferred embodiment of the invention, which is preferred by virtue of the fact that it makes it possible to free itself of all gauges or standard shapes of component gusset material, the gusset is formed as a direct function of the load requirements while taking care to satisfy all the other pre a etermined conjoint requirements.
The invention further relates to a gusset adapted according to the above principles. -. . .
P2712 i;
, The invention further relates to the basic elements whose combination forms the gusset to the extent that such elements are adapted to be utilized according to the invention.
The present invention is provided for in a first - aspect the~eof by a process of forming a gusset for supporting the framework and for assuring the angular rigidity of contiguous elements when undergoing a compressive force. The elements are situated on both sides of an assembly joint, and comprise a portion of the framework. Each of the elements is buttressed on the gusset by an intrados forming a part of the frame.
The process comprises connecting the intrados of the contiguous elements by a structural element so as to lS form a running arch in continuous fashion between the intrados. The structural element has two ends buttressed against the intrados, and is supported by secondary elements which are adapted to equilibrate the components of a compressive force received by the element. The secondary elements are non-tangentially attached to the running arch, and are contained within a plane formed by the contiguous elements.
~ he present invention is provided for in a second aspect thereof by a gusset which is adapted to support a frame and to ensure during compression the angular rigidity of contiguous elements which comprise the frame. Each of the contiguous elements is ~uttressed on the gusset by an intrados which forms a portion of the frame. The gusset include~ a force leg connecting the contiguous elements, and an assembly joint which is adapted to equilibrate any non-tangential compressive forces imposed on the gusset by virtue of the running arch created by said gusset and said intrados, said yusset including a support element connecting said intradoæ to create said running arch, said support element buttressing said intrados. -~-~6~
The present invention is provided for in a third aspect thereof by a gusset for supporting a frarnework which comprises at least two elements attached at an assembly joint. The gusset comprises a force leg having two ends which abut the elements, and first and second support struts which are connected to the leg and to the elements and which are adapted to equilibrate forces imposed upon the frameworX. The first and second support stru~ minimi7.e buckling of the leg, as well as minimizing secondary reaction forces which occur as a result of compressive forces exerted on said framework.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
~_ _ _ _ The invention will be better understood by virtue of the description which follows which illustrates the invention, with reference to the annexed drawings, by referring to a single non-limiting embodiment in which:
Fig. 1 is a general perspective view of a portion of a portico provided with a gusset and whose casing has been removed over the portion ad;acent to the assembly joint;
Fig. 2 is a lateral view, on a larger scale, of the portico without casing Fig. 3 is a detailed view of the force leg shown in Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 is a diagram of the portico, seen from the same perspective as shown in Fig. 1, in which the component forces of the load applied to the portico are illustrated.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED _MBODIMEMTS
In these drawings, all of the component elements - of the portico have been made out of layered wood, i.e., out of wood which is formed by gluing together several layers which are applied flat against one another.
However, the formation of the gusset, as it is called, is performed by the simple assembly and nailing of prefabricated component elements. It does not, therefore, rely upon gluing techniques to be used at the location of installation of the portico.
Referring to Fig. 1, a portico 1 is shown made of wood and ha~ing two contiguous elements 2, situated on both sides of an assembly joint 3, wh~se intrados 4 are connected by a gusset 5. The gusset must maintain the relative an~ular disposition ~hown in the Figure. Fig.
2 is more detailed and illustrates each o~ the contiguous elements 2, which is each formed out of two beams 2a and 2b. Gusset 5 is, itself, formed by a force ley 6 buttressed on the portico 1 at its ends 7, a strut 8 supported on the lower surface 9 of force leg 15 5, and two struts 10 buttressed at one end 11 on the upper surface 12 of force leg 6. The struts 10 converge towards assembly join~:3.
The general architecture in which force leg 6 is integrated will now be described in greater detail.
Force leg 6 is maintained in place by the support of ends 15 of its lower surface 9 against two shoulders 13 which are respectively applied and maintained against beams 2a.
As illustrated in Fig. 3, the wood fibers 6a of force leg 6 are oriented longitudinally between ends 7 which makes it pos~ible to make the wood work in a direction in which it best resists buckling.`
The connection of the intrados 4 of the component assemblies of contiguous elements 2 (see Fig. 2) will now be described.
Beams 2b which constitute contiguous elements 2 abut force leg 6 at their ends 16. Ends 17 of intrados 4 are supported on the ends 18 of strut 8 applied against force leg 6.
Thus, strut 8 connect8 th~ intrados 4 of the contiguous elements 2 by an arch effect~~running in a ~8~G
P2712 - ~ -known fashion between the intrados 4 and buttressing against the intrados.
The positioning of the two struts 10 constituting gusset 5 will now be described.
Ends 11 of the two struts 10 are buttressed on the upper face 12 of force leg 6 with respect to ends 18 of struts 8. The other ends 19 of the two struts 10 meet at a single corner which comprises the assembly joint
Various types of gussets are utilized in modern frameworking for the construction of porticos made out e_ of wood. The design of the gussets must assure the rigidity in compression of the contiguous elements situated on both sides of an a~sembly joint with each of the elements being buttressed on the gusset.
The development of the state of the pressed layered wood art has led to the development of gussets made of curved elements made of pressed cohesive layered wood laminates.
Besides the fact that these gussets must be formed by a sophisticated process, by virtue of the conditions imposed upon the manner in which the wood i9 dried, their manufacture generally requires quantities of wood which are substantiall~ greater than thGse necessary 25 for forming conventional gussets. '~?~
In a more general fashion, the various gussets ~-adapted for use in traditional frame mounting systems all rely upon using the above principle in practice.
Such gussets generally comprise a force leg abutting the frame at its two ends (i.e., supported by a shoulder at its two ends) and on which the contiguous elements are buttressed.
The leg serves to redistribute the compressiveforces developed through each of the interior elements which form a part of the contiguous elements. In effect, each of these forces is divIded into two .. ~,..... .
. . .
-~i8CD~6 com~onents. A first component is neutralized by buttressing in the central portion of the force leg while the second component is redirected to any point of the frame by conventional means.
These types of gussets are perfectly appropriate for the assembly of frames, and particularly for porticos made out of wood. However, experience has shown that;
a) the redirection of the second component of each compressive force creates secondary reactions in the - frame which must be taken into account in the . resistance calculations of the materials;
b~ the force leg, which forms an integral portion of the gusset, has a tendency to yield or buckle, i.e., to curve itself inwardly under the effect of the inevitable lateral force components which develop at the same time as the substantial antagonistic forces applied along the axis of the force leg; and c) the assembly so constituted, on the one hand by the gusset and on the other hand by the contiguous elements which are connected, has a tendency to laterally incline by virtue of the fact that it is through its thickness (i.e., through its smallest dimension) that the force leg is positioned in the plane of the portico.
The above inconveniences are presently~mlnimized by virtue of more or less acceptable solutions.
Thus, to distribute the forces between the various frame elements as a function of the load regime (i.e., all of the loads which must be taken into account at all cross-sections) leads to relatively complex calculations.
To avoid buckling, tables;are utilized to furnish for each material the minimum cross-section which must be used as a function of the load applied and the ~ 68~6 length. To minimize problems of inclination, lateral tie beams are provided, for example, beams which are made of wood or metal or countç~buttressed systems are used~ -SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
_ The instant invention has as a principal object to completely overcome the above disadvantages by providing a process and article of manufacture utilizing the simple techniques of nailing frame elements and whi~h can consequently be utilized by all carpenters not having the means for utilizing pressed layered wood at their disposal~
The present invention further allows for a substantial savings in raw materials as well as in ~5 assembly time. It can, therefore, be carefully inserted in a frame whose principal elements are made of pressed layered wood to the extent that the use of pressed layered wood is not justified in forming the gusset.
According to the process of the invention, a frame gusset i9 provided which finds particular use in wood porticos. The gusset provided assures, in compression, the angular rigidity of contiguous elements situated on both sides of an assembly joint. Each of the contiguous angular elements are buttressed on the gusset by means of an intrados which is itself supported on the frame.
l`he process of the invention is unique in that the intrados of the contiguous elements are connected by-an element which provides or achieves a running arch effect in a continuous fashion between these intrados and which is huttressed at its nds against these intrados.
According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the gusset is formed so as to equllibrate the non-tang~ntial ~omFonents to the ' ' '.
~ 68~
connecting arch effect referred to above of the two compressive forces received by the gusset and by an - antagonistic reaction passing through the assembly joint.
Furthermore, each of the compressive componen.t forces received through the connecting element of the intrados is equilibrated by an opposite reaction force and is applied to the same point of the connecting element.
: 10 So as to avoid the appearance of rotational moments due to the application of equilibration forces at distinct points, this method makes it possible to free itself of secondary reaction ~s~ces in the portion of the frame adjacent to the joint and, at the same .5,','.
time, of the lateral inclination tendency of the arch connection effect.
According to another particularly advantageous embodiment o the invention, this embodiment being advantageous because it makes it possible to simplify th~ necessary calculations relating to the resistance of materials required to form the frame, the decomposition of the reslstances o the various elements of the frame is.relat~ed as a function of the load requirements to a single~factor constituted by the spacing between the continuous arch and the assembly joint.
According to another more advanced and preferred embodiment of the invention, which is preferred by virtue of the fact that it makes it possible to free itself of all gauges or standard shapes of component gusset material, the gusset is formed as a direct function of the load requirements while taking care to satisfy all the other pre a etermined conjoint requirements.
The invention further relates to a gusset adapted according to the above principles. -. . .
P2712 i;
, The invention further relates to the basic elements whose combination forms the gusset to the extent that such elements are adapted to be utilized according to the invention.
The present invention is provided for in a first - aspect the~eof by a process of forming a gusset for supporting the framework and for assuring the angular rigidity of contiguous elements when undergoing a compressive force. The elements are situated on both sides of an assembly joint, and comprise a portion of the framework. Each of the elements is buttressed on the gusset by an intrados forming a part of the frame.
The process comprises connecting the intrados of the contiguous elements by a structural element so as to lS form a running arch in continuous fashion between the intrados. The structural element has two ends buttressed against the intrados, and is supported by secondary elements which are adapted to equilibrate the components of a compressive force received by the element. The secondary elements are non-tangentially attached to the running arch, and are contained within a plane formed by the contiguous elements.
~ he present invention is provided for in a second aspect thereof by a gusset which is adapted to support a frame and to ensure during compression the angular rigidity of contiguous elements which comprise the frame. Each of the contiguous elements is ~uttressed on the gusset by an intrados which forms a portion of the frame. The gusset include~ a force leg connecting the contiguous elements, and an assembly joint which is adapted to equilibrate any non-tangential compressive forces imposed on the gusset by virtue of the running arch created by said gusset and said intrados, said yusset including a support element connecting said intradoæ to create said running arch, said support element buttressing said intrados. -~-~6~
The present invention is provided for in a third aspect thereof by a gusset for supporting a frarnework which comprises at least two elements attached at an assembly joint. The gusset comprises a force leg having two ends which abut the elements, and first and second support struts which are connected to the leg and to the elements and which are adapted to equilibrate forces imposed upon the frameworX. The first and second support stru~ minimi7.e buckling of the leg, as well as minimizing secondary reaction forces which occur as a result of compressive forces exerted on said framework.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
~_ _ _ _ The invention will be better understood by virtue of the description which follows which illustrates the invention, with reference to the annexed drawings, by referring to a single non-limiting embodiment in which:
Fig. 1 is a general perspective view of a portion of a portico provided with a gusset and whose casing has been removed over the portion ad;acent to the assembly joint;
Fig. 2 is a lateral view, on a larger scale, of the portico without casing Fig. 3 is a detailed view of the force leg shown in Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 is a diagram of the portico, seen from the same perspective as shown in Fig. 1, in which the component forces of the load applied to the portico are illustrated.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED _MBODIMEMTS
In these drawings, all of the component elements - of the portico have been made out of layered wood, i.e., out of wood which is formed by gluing together several layers which are applied flat against one another.
However, the formation of the gusset, as it is called, is performed by the simple assembly and nailing of prefabricated component elements. It does not, therefore, rely upon gluing techniques to be used at the location of installation of the portico.
Referring to Fig. 1, a portico 1 is shown made of wood and ha~ing two contiguous elements 2, situated on both sides of an assembly joint 3, wh~se intrados 4 are connected by a gusset 5. The gusset must maintain the relative an~ular disposition ~hown in the Figure. Fig.
2 is more detailed and illustrates each o~ the contiguous elements 2, which is each formed out of two beams 2a and 2b. Gusset 5 is, itself, formed by a force ley 6 buttressed on the portico 1 at its ends 7, a strut 8 supported on the lower surface 9 of force leg 15 5, and two struts 10 buttressed at one end 11 on the upper surface 12 of force leg 6. The struts 10 converge towards assembly join~:3.
The general architecture in which force leg 6 is integrated will now be described in greater detail.
Force leg 6 is maintained in place by the support of ends 15 of its lower surface 9 against two shoulders 13 which are respectively applied and maintained against beams 2a.
As illustrated in Fig. 3, the wood fibers 6a of force leg 6 are oriented longitudinally between ends 7 which makes it pos~ible to make the wood work in a direction in which it best resists buckling.`
The connection of the intrados 4 of the component assemblies of contiguous elements 2 (see Fig. 2) will now be described.
Beams 2b which constitute contiguous elements 2 abut force leg 6 at their ends 16. Ends 17 of intrados 4 are supported on the ends 18 of strut 8 applied against force leg 6.
Thus, strut 8 connect8 th~ intrados 4 of the contiguous elements 2 by an arch effect~~running in a ~8~G
P2712 - ~ -known fashion between the intrados 4 and buttressing against the intrados.
The positioning of the two struts 10 constituting gusset 5 will now be described.
Ends 11 of the two struts 10 are buttressed on the upper face 12 of force leg 6 with respect to ends 18 of struts 8. The other ends 19 of the two struts 10 meet at a single corner which comprises the assembly joint
3.
Fig. 4 is an illustration of the advantages which result from the present invention.
In effect, each compression force ~1 transmitted by each beam 2b as a result of load F can be broken down into two forces F2 and F3.
Force F2 is parallel to the connection arch, while force F3 is directed parallel to one of the two struts 10 towards the assembly joint 3 such that the sum of the forces exerted at this point is ultimate@ zero.
Thus, there is no need to take secondary reaction forces developed by the frame in~o account because they are completely neutralized.
Furthermore, the arrangement of struts 10 with respect to ends 18 of strut 8 prevents force leg 6 from curving inwardly into the plane of the portico. The resistance to buckling is thus clearly reinforced.
Thus, ~orce leg 6 being only slightly biased transversely in the plane formed by the portico, one can position its widest surfaces 15 in the plane perpendicular to that formed ~y the portico.
The connection arch in its èntlrety thus exhibits an increased resistance to lateral inclination. i It will be noted that the redistribution point of force Fl on orce leg 6 is located practically facing that point out of which upper strut 10 reduces stress.
As a result, force Fl is transmitted to strut 10 without any development whatsoever of pa~asitic forces ii~
in the corresponding ~one of-force leg 6. This works simply as a "passage location".
This occurs whether or not force leg 6 is perfectly straight or whether it is slightly inwardly curved in one direction or another under the influence of shrinkage or tolerances. As a result, it is no longer necessary to position the large width of force leg 6 in the plane of the portico, nor to be preoccupied with measuring any possible curvature in this plane, because there is no risk of weakening the resistance of the force leg to lateral forces, this resistance being maintained constant by struts 10.
It is thus seen that by virtue of the steps taken to achieve the gusset the following disadvantages are 5 avoided:
a) bl~ckling of force leg 6, which is supported by struts 10 even if it is slightly inwardly curvedJ
b) secondary reaction forces which previously had to be dealt with in conjunction with other types of conventional gussets; and a~ the tendency to lateral inclination of the attachment arch. -One of the principal advantages of gusset 5, which has just been described, resides in the simplified calculations and in the considerable operational flexibilities which it provides to an architect or builder.
In effect, to the extent that the secondary parasitic reactions have been totally eliminated, the calculation of the structure necessary to support a predetermined load can be reduced to determinations of the spacing H (see Fig. 2) needed to provide for a force leg 6 having a certain cross-section and comprising a certain material.
Likewise, it is clear that once thls choice has been made, the architect can provide for the return to the assembly joint 3 of forces'F3 in a form which suits him (materials, proportions, etc.) as soon as forcés Fl are simply sent back to the a'ssembly joint 3 "across"
S force leg 6; this is achieved without the necessity of proceeding to the selection of gussets of standard shapes in scales standardized by maximum gauge.
It is important to note that the proportions, particularly in thickness or in the number of sheets or boards used, of the elements forming the assembly shown in Fig. 2, need not be considered as corresponding to real proportions but rather as~avoring a better illustration of the fashion in which the elements cooperate with one another.
As a result, all of the particular arrangements adapted in the embodiment shown make it possible to obtain more or less appropriate gussets, but one can, at will, forego any particular advantages without departing from the scope of the invention by reproducing the necessary and essential characteristics of the invention.
Thus, struts 10, forming an inverted V whose apex is located on the assembly~ joint 3, could well be replaced by a Y-shaped structure generally oriented in the same direction, as long as the lateral forces to which ~orce leg 6 is subjected are sent back to assembly joint 3 by struts whose ends are positioned to face the application point of these forces. One thus realize's, as was noted above, that the architect can assure the return of the forces to the assembly joint 3 by various more or less reduced structures depending on the position of the junction point of the three arms of the Y and depending upon the more or'less accentuated filling of the fork.
As a result, one can even provide for the gusset structure to always assure the return to~the assembly joint 3 of components F2 whatever the contraction which the component elements of this structure undergo.
Although the invention has now been described with respect to particular means and embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particulars disclosed, but extends to all equivalents and substitutions of materials falling within the scope of the claims which follow.
i
Fig. 4 is an illustration of the advantages which result from the present invention.
In effect, each compression force ~1 transmitted by each beam 2b as a result of load F can be broken down into two forces F2 and F3.
Force F2 is parallel to the connection arch, while force F3 is directed parallel to one of the two struts 10 towards the assembly joint 3 such that the sum of the forces exerted at this point is ultimate@ zero.
Thus, there is no need to take secondary reaction forces developed by the frame in~o account because they are completely neutralized.
Furthermore, the arrangement of struts 10 with respect to ends 18 of strut 8 prevents force leg 6 from curving inwardly into the plane of the portico. The resistance to buckling is thus clearly reinforced.
Thus, ~orce leg 6 being only slightly biased transversely in the plane formed by the portico, one can position its widest surfaces 15 in the plane perpendicular to that formed ~y the portico.
The connection arch in its èntlrety thus exhibits an increased resistance to lateral inclination. i It will be noted that the redistribution point of force Fl on orce leg 6 is located practically facing that point out of which upper strut 10 reduces stress.
As a result, force Fl is transmitted to strut 10 without any development whatsoever of pa~asitic forces ii~
in the corresponding ~one of-force leg 6. This works simply as a "passage location".
This occurs whether or not force leg 6 is perfectly straight or whether it is slightly inwardly curved in one direction or another under the influence of shrinkage or tolerances. As a result, it is no longer necessary to position the large width of force leg 6 in the plane of the portico, nor to be preoccupied with measuring any possible curvature in this plane, because there is no risk of weakening the resistance of the force leg to lateral forces, this resistance being maintained constant by struts 10.
It is thus seen that by virtue of the steps taken to achieve the gusset the following disadvantages are 5 avoided:
a) bl~ckling of force leg 6, which is supported by struts 10 even if it is slightly inwardly curvedJ
b) secondary reaction forces which previously had to be dealt with in conjunction with other types of conventional gussets; and a~ the tendency to lateral inclination of the attachment arch. -One of the principal advantages of gusset 5, which has just been described, resides in the simplified calculations and in the considerable operational flexibilities which it provides to an architect or builder.
In effect, to the extent that the secondary parasitic reactions have been totally eliminated, the calculation of the structure necessary to support a predetermined load can be reduced to determinations of the spacing H (see Fig. 2) needed to provide for a force leg 6 having a certain cross-section and comprising a certain material.
Likewise, it is clear that once thls choice has been made, the architect can provide for the return to the assembly joint 3 of forces'F3 in a form which suits him (materials, proportions, etc.) as soon as forcés Fl are simply sent back to the a'ssembly joint 3 "across"
S force leg 6; this is achieved without the necessity of proceeding to the selection of gussets of standard shapes in scales standardized by maximum gauge.
It is important to note that the proportions, particularly in thickness or in the number of sheets or boards used, of the elements forming the assembly shown in Fig. 2, need not be considered as corresponding to real proportions but rather as~avoring a better illustration of the fashion in which the elements cooperate with one another.
As a result, all of the particular arrangements adapted in the embodiment shown make it possible to obtain more or less appropriate gussets, but one can, at will, forego any particular advantages without departing from the scope of the invention by reproducing the necessary and essential characteristics of the invention.
Thus, struts 10, forming an inverted V whose apex is located on the assembly~ joint 3, could well be replaced by a Y-shaped structure generally oriented in the same direction, as long as the lateral forces to which ~orce leg 6 is subjected are sent back to assembly joint 3 by struts whose ends are positioned to face the application point of these forces. One thus realize's, as was noted above, that the architect can assure the return of the forces to the assembly joint 3 by various more or less reduced structures depending on the position of the junction point of the three arms of the Y and depending upon the more or'less accentuated filling of the fork.
As a result, one can even provide for the gusset structure to always assure the return to~the assembly joint 3 of components F2 whatever the contraction which the component elements of this structure undergo.
Although the invention has now been described with respect to particular means and embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particulars disclosed, but extends to all equivalents and substitutions of materials falling within the scope of the claims which follow.
i
Claims (19)
1. A process of forming a gusset for supporting a framework and for assuring the angular rigidity of contiguous elements comprising a portion of the framework, said contiguous elements situated on both sides of an assembly joint, each of said elements being buttressed on said gusset by an intrados which is a part of said elements, said process comprising connecting the intrados of said contiguous elements by a structural element so as to form a running arch in continuous fashion between the intrados, buttressing two ends of said structural element against said intrados and supporting said structural elements by secondary structural support elements which are adapted to equilibrate the components of a compressive force received by said gusset, said secondary elements being non-tangentially attached to said running arch and being contained within a plane formed by said contiguous elements.
2. A process in accordance with claim 1 further comprising preventing the creation of secondary reaction forces in the framework adjacent to said joint and minimizing any lateral inclination of said arch by equilibrating non-tangential components of the compressive force received by said gusset by developing an antagonistic reaction force through said assembly joint.
3. A process in accordance with claim 1 further comprising supporting said running arch against a force leg having a width perpendicular to said plane and having wood fibers which are longitudinally oriented along said leg to improve the buckling resistance of said leg.
4. A process in accordance with claim 1 further comprising distributing the resistances of components of said gusset as a function of load requirements by relating said resistances only to the distance between said continuous arch and said assembly joint.
5. A process in accordance with claim 1 further comprising selecting said gusset only as a direct function of the load requirement for said framework in order to eliminate the need for gauges or standard forms in determining the materials and support structure required for said framework.
6. A gusset adapted to support a frame and to ensure, during compression, the angular rigidity of contiguous elements forming a portion of said frame, each of said contiguous elements being buttressed on said gusset by an intrados forming a portion of said frame, said gusset comprising a force leg connecting said ccntiguous elements and an assembly joint to equilibrate any non-tangential compressive forces received by the running arch which includes said gusset and said intrados, said gusset also including a support element connecting the intrados of contiguous elements in the form of a running arch which is buttressed on said contiguous elements.
7. Apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein said force leg has a lower surface and said support element comprises at least one strut attached to said lower surface.
8. Apparatus in accordance with claim 7 further comprising at least two additional struts adapted to transmit the components of the compressive forces received by said gusset in non-tangential fashion from said leg to said assembly joint.
9. Apparatus in accordance with claim 8 wherein said at least two struts are buttressed along an upper surface of said force leg, said struts being supported on said force leg so as to face the end of the support strut which is attached to the lower surface of said leg.
10. A gusset for supporting a framework having at least two elements attached at an assembly joint, said gusset comprising a force leg having two ends which abut said element and a plurality of support struts connected to said leg and to said elements, said force leg being connected to intrados of said framework to form a running arch, wherein said struts are adapted to equilibrate components of the compressive force received by said gusset, minimize buckling of said leg, and minimize the creation of secondary reaction forces which occur as the result of the imposition of compressive forces on said gusset.
11. A gusset in accordance with claim 10 wherein said force leg comprises an upper surface and a lower surface and said gusset further comprises an additional support strut which is connected to said lower leg surface and which engages said intrados.
12. A gusset in accordance with claim 11 wherein said plurality of struts comprise two struts which converge towards and meet at said assembly joint at one end, and which are connected to said upper leg surface at their other ends, said struts thereby forming a generally V-shaped configuration having its apex at said assembly joint.
13. A gusset in accordance with claim 12 wherein said first and second support struts are attached to points along said leg upper surface which generally face the points of attachment of said intrados to said leg and additional strut.
14. A gusset in accordance with claim 13 wherein said leg includes two ends which are supported by abutting shoulders attached to said elements.
15. A gusset in accordance with claim 14 wherein said force leg comprises wood having fibers which are longitudinally oriented between said leg ends.
16. A gusset in accordance with claim 15 wherein each of said elements comprises first and second beams.
17. A gusset in accordance with claim 16 wherein said first beams comprise said intrados and include ends which abut and are connected to said additional strut.
18. A gusset in accordance with claim 17 wherein said force leg includes one side of relatively large width which is positioned transversely to the plane of said framework.
19. An assembly in accordance with claim 11 wherein said plurality of struts are connected to said upper leg surface at one end and form a generally Y-shaped configuration.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8009067A FR2481345B1 (en) | 1980-04-23 | 1980-04-23 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MAKING A FOB FOR A WOOD FRAME |
| FR8009067 | 1980-04-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1168016A true CA1168016A (en) | 1984-05-29 |
Family
ID=9241241
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000375950A Expired CA1168016A (en) | 1980-04-23 | 1981-04-22 | Gusset for a wood frame and a process for forming the gusset |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5729745A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE888338A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1168016A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3115474A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2481345B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2075572A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8102003A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62169116U (en) * | 1985-12-28 | 1987-10-27 | ||
| JP2801602B2 (en) * | 1988-06-30 | 1998-09-21 | 株式会社東芝 | Word recognition device |
| FR2662457B1 (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1993-09-03 | Chansard Jean Denis | WOODEN FRAME ELEMENT FOR LARGE RANGE FARM. |
| JPH0578740U (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-10-26 | ミサワホーム株式会社 | Gate type panel made of laminated wood |
| RU2558047C2 (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-07-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Алтайский государственный технический университет им. И.И. Ползунова" (АлтГТУ) | Three-hinged open-ended frame |
| RU2558046C2 (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-07-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Алтайский государственный технический университет им. И.И. Ползунова" (АлтГТУ) | Three-hinged glued frame |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2251578A (en) * | 1941-02-28 | 1941-08-05 | August Rietzke Inc | Roof truss |
| US2653360A (en) * | 1950-07-31 | 1953-09-29 | Timber Struetures Inc | Knee for rigid frames |
| GB835881A (en) * | 1956-05-07 | 1960-05-25 | Denis Winfield Cooper | Improvements in or relating to constructional elements |
| US3346999A (en) * | 1965-03-19 | 1967-10-17 | Harvey H Johnson | Roof box frame |
| FR2121377B1 (en) * | 1971-01-07 | 1975-01-17 | Fanjat Saint Font Andre |
-
1980
- 1980-04-23 FR FR8009067A patent/FR2481345B1/en not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-04-09 BE BE0/204418A patent/BE888338A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-04-16 DE DE19813115474 patent/DE3115474A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-04-21 GB GB8112261A patent/GB2075572A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-04-22 JP JP6111281A patent/JPS5729745A/en active Pending
- 1981-04-22 CA CA000375950A patent/CA1168016A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-23 NL NL8102003A patent/NL8102003A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2075572A (en) | 1981-11-18 |
| NL8102003A (en) | 1981-11-16 |
| FR2481345B1 (en) | 1986-05-23 |
| JPS5729745A (en) | 1982-02-17 |
| FR2481345A1 (en) | 1981-10-30 |
| BE888338A (en) | 1981-07-31 |
| DE3115474A1 (en) | 1982-01-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |