CA1165528A - Enclosed structure - Google Patents
Enclosed structureInfo
- Publication number
- CA1165528A CA1165528A CA000386132A CA386132A CA1165528A CA 1165528 A CA1165528 A CA 1165528A CA 000386132 A CA000386132 A CA 000386132A CA 386132 A CA386132 A CA 386132A CA 1165528 A CA1165528 A CA 1165528A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cladding
- posts
- fixed
- wall
- girts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/51—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for storing agricultural or horticultural products
Landscapes
- Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
An enclosed structure such as a silo, particularly suitable for containing grain crops, is provided. The structure has a series of vertical posts disposed in a circle. A series of horizontal girts are attached to the inside of the posts. The inside surface defined by the girts is clad with lightweight sheet material. A roof is added and the structure may be sealed.
An enclosed structure such as a silo, particularly suitable for containing grain crops, is provided. The structure has a series of vertical posts disposed in a circle. A series of horizontal girts are attached to the inside of the posts. The inside surface defined by the girts is clad with lightweight sheet material. A roof is added and the structure may be sealed.
Description
i ~ 6552~
This invention relates to an enclosed structure and has been devised particularly, though not solely, as a grain silo.
Most silos and containers or storage bins for large amounts of par-ticulate solids, are made Erom reinforced concrete or heavy steel plate.
Such constructions require skilled engineering and manpower to erect. They are also very costly to build.
It is desirable to provide an enclosed structure which may be used as a grain silo and which is simple and cheap to construct to enable grain to be simply and cheaply stored at a desired location.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an enclosed structure which will go at least part of the way towards meeting the foregoing de iderata in a simple yet ef-fective manner, or which will at least provide the public with a useful choice.
According to the present invention, there is provided a structure having a roof and corner-less side wall encompassing a space to receive par-ticulate solids, said structure comprising: a foundation, a frame fixed to the foundation so as to be supported thereby~ said frame including a plurality of generally upwardly extending posts fixed at their lower ends to said founda-tion and arranged in spaced relationship so as to generally define the position of said wall, a plurality of girts extending generally horizontally between said posts; cladding located internally of and fixed to said frame so as to provide said wall, said cladding including first cladding sheets extending horizontally around the entire wall to provide a lower wall portion, said lower wall portion being fixed to said foundation so as to extend upwardly therefrom to a predetermined height and having sufficient rigidity to withstand pressures to be applied thereto by said particulate solids and second cladding sheets in the form of vertically corrugated sheets extending horizontally ., I :~ 6~2~
around the entire wall so as to provide an upper wall portion~ said upper wall portion being fixed to said lower wall portion so as to extend upwardly there-from and being fixed to said girts so as ~o be supported thereby.
Preferably, the cladding is of corrugated or ribbed cross-section sheet metal, although many non-metallic materials would also be suitable.
This mode of construction utilises girts to carry the majority of the stresses imposed by the particulate solids contained therein. The inter-nal cladding does not carry high loadings over large spans as the girts are placed sufficiently close together to spread the load. Thus the thickness of the sheet cladding used is very much reduced from that used in conventional silos.
The girts are preferably angle or T-section steel members spaced at suitable distances generally from 100 nun to 900 mm. The girts are attached to the posts and the internal cladding attached to the girts. The joins of adjacent sheets of cladding are preferably sealed with a flexible sealing compound.
The technique of building a silo in accordance with the invention enables silos capable of holding up to 35,000 kg to be readily constructed.
As the silo is filled there is slight expansion of the walls. This expansion creates a significant problem if the bottom edge of the cladding is merely directly secured to the foundations as it will be sheered open or will crack after a number of loadings~
To overcome this problem the invention provides a lower circumferen-tial wall of heavier gauge sheet steel secured at its lower end to the foun-dations and at its upper end to the sheet metal cladding. There is no need, in general, to have girts around this lower wall if it is made of sufficiently thick metal. Thus when the silo is loaded the upper end of the lower wall can , --,.~
expand with the sheet metal cladding, whilst the lower end remains fixed.
The lower wall is preferably about two metres high although obviously it could range from 1 metre to~ say, ~ metres depending on the size o~ the silo being constructed.
The lower wall is preferably formed from a series of plates which are joined along their vertical intersection.
In order to construct silos in accordance with this invention a very simple procedure is followed.
The floor and foundations of the silo are prepared. The floor will generally include one or more conveyor or screw type solids removal units therein. The -2a-: , 5 5 2 ~
pos~s are erected hy a crane and secured to the foundations, by say four bolts. The posts will generally define a circular area. The girts are attached to the inside ol the posts. The bottom wall section is erected.
The m.lirl sheet cladding walls are secured to the girts.
The roof ra~ter.s and c]adding are finally added.
~ here the container (silo) is to be~ used for longer term storage of degradable materials, such as grain crops, it is desirable to seal the roof to the walls so that the silo may be filled with a suitable gas to prevent such degradation. To achieve this, a foil-type membrane may be laid, sav, under or on top of the roof ra~ters and attached to the top of the walls.
In a further aspect the invention may broadly be said to consist in a silo air space bag, comprising an enclosed bag of flexible materia] adapted to be inserted into the air space of a grain silo between the grain and the roof of the silo and a connecting conduit between the interior of said bag and the atmosphere.
The air bag allows for expansion and contraction of the gas within the silo due to temperature effects, to be accommodated. This is achieved by expelling air from the bag to the atmosphere or drawing air into the bag from ~he atmosphere. This allows a sealed silo filled with an expensive gas to be stablised over a long period without the need to have a continual gas bleed or recharge.
There is thus provided a structure which is inexpensive, lightweight, sealable and of exceptionally strong construction. The structure can be readily constructed by unskilled labour with a minimum of supervision without the need for exotic equipment or techniques.
Notwithstanding any other forms that may fall within its scope one preferred form of the present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figures of the Drawings Figure l is a cross sectional elevation of an enclosed structure according to the invention;
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic partially cut-away view ~ 3 6~2~
of the structure shown in Figure l; and Figure 3 is a view of section 3-3 of Figure 1.
Descrlptlon of t_e Prefe.red_Fmbodim~nt In the preferred form of the invention an enclosed st.ructure, particularly suitable for use ac, a grain silo, is constructPd as ol.10~s.
~ pluralitv of vertical posts 1l are provided set on foundations 12 so as to define the line of a cornerless wall. In the pr.eferred form of the invention shown in the accompanying drawings, 8 vertical posts are provided set so as to define a circular wall.
The upper ends of the posts are arranged to support roof rafters which may be trusses ~, which extencl inwardly and upwardly from the posts to be a central 15 receivina member point 14. The posts 11 and rafters 13 mayl for example, be uni.versal beams, alterr)ativelY the Q ~' S
..t~se~ 13 may be fabricated bv welding from metal sections .
The vertical posts 11 are interconnected by a 20 plurality of horizontal circumferential girts 15 which may for example be formed from ang].e iron or T-section as shown in cross section at 15 in Figure 3. The girts 15 ; form continuous circumferential hoops around the line of the posts 11. The girts mav be attached to the posts 11 by rivetting 23 onto a flange 22 extending from the posts 11 .
The roof framing of the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings consist of a series of intersecting radial rafters which, in turn, support purlins 40.
The roof is covered with sheet cladding material shown at 17 in Figure 2 which is joined on the line of the main trusses 13 by a ridge cap 18. The peak of the roof is provided with an opening 19 provided with a removable covering 10 to allow the silo to be filled with grain.
The walls of the silo are clad with corrugated sheet wall cladding 20 extending the height of the wall and fastened to the girts 15, for example by rivetting or bolting. The vertical edges of adjoining sheets of claddiny 20 are lapped, sealed and secured together in a structural manner; for example by a line of mastic ;
I ~ ~5~2~
compoun(~ and fastening with heavy gauge rivets 50 that the sheet becomes one homogeneous structural element.
There i5 als~ in the roof system a tie ~ember near tl-le eaves which attaches to the posts 11 to act both in tencion and compressioll and completes a structural system of exceptional strength and lightness since it embodies a skin membrane construction and provide. a monolithic stru~ture.
The girts 15 which support the wall sheeting 20 are of sufficient .strength to resist wind loads on the hhole structure and keep the building stable and at the same time provide necessary strength to cater for internal .;-recsures due to the grain 103cl.
The ]ower part of the container wall (see Figure 3) is formed from he~vier gauge steel plates 21 ~oined tonether at their vertical intersection by means of overlapping plates (not shown).
The bottom edge of the plates 21 have a horizontal flange 28 which is fixed to the floor 30 or foundations 29 of the structure bv bolts 27 which secure an overlying plate 29 on the flange 28.
The upper edge of the plates 21 are attached to a pair of angle members 30 31 which provide a suitable seat for the base of the corrugated cladding 20. The seat formed by members 30 and 31 provides a vertical and horizontal resistance to the outward forces on the bottom of the cladding 20. The member 31 is attached to a flange 22 protruding from the post 11.
In Figure 3 the cladding 20 is illustrated showing the depth of a typical corrugation.
The construction of the wall as shown in Figure 3 ailows for the outwards deflection of the wall at the intersection of the cladding 20 with the wall section 21 without damage to the bottom of the cladding 20.
There are two major aspects for applications of the design of the enclosed structure. The first is for a silo which would be built as part of a grain storage svstem. It would be a single purpose building for storing grain. The second application is one for a smaller silo which might be built on a farm and would have incorporated ~ 165~2~
in the design doors so that the silo would become a multi-purpose building suitable for recreation or storage of machinery when not in use as a silo. In the first apolication one of the improved features will b~ the sealabi1ity of the structure. To achieve sealability a specia1 sealing member 32 is introduced in the plane of th~ undel. side of the rooE sheeting :L7. To this sealing member 32 will be attached flashing and sealing materials SO AS to enable the structure to be rendered airtight and so make it suitable for fumigating the content.s of the silo.
Another feature of this application is the introduction of a "balloon" or breather bag 33 in the air space under the roof. This bag is connected to the atmosphere by means of a breather tube 39 so that as diurnal temperature affects the gas in the head space 41 above the stored grain 42, gases are not expelled from the structure during the day due to heating of the yas, or diluted by air as the gases cool down during the night.
Instead, air is expelled from the balloon 33 during the : day and drawn into the balloon during the night so that the expensive gases which are used for fumigation remain intact and do not require expensive topping up.
In this manner an enclosed structur~ is provided which is particularlv suitable for the storage of grain in a simple and yet effective manner and which may also be used as a farm building by replacing one section of the wall between adjacent posts by suitable doors.
This invention relates to an enclosed structure and has been devised particularly, though not solely, as a grain silo.
Most silos and containers or storage bins for large amounts of par-ticulate solids, are made Erom reinforced concrete or heavy steel plate.
Such constructions require skilled engineering and manpower to erect. They are also very costly to build.
It is desirable to provide an enclosed structure which may be used as a grain silo and which is simple and cheap to construct to enable grain to be simply and cheaply stored at a desired location.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an enclosed structure which will go at least part of the way towards meeting the foregoing de iderata in a simple yet ef-fective manner, or which will at least provide the public with a useful choice.
According to the present invention, there is provided a structure having a roof and corner-less side wall encompassing a space to receive par-ticulate solids, said structure comprising: a foundation, a frame fixed to the foundation so as to be supported thereby~ said frame including a plurality of generally upwardly extending posts fixed at their lower ends to said founda-tion and arranged in spaced relationship so as to generally define the position of said wall, a plurality of girts extending generally horizontally between said posts; cladding located internally of and fixed to said frame so as to provide said wall, said cladding including first cladding sheets extending horizontally around the entire wall to provide a lower wall portion, said lower wall portion being fixed to said foundation so as to extend upwardly therefrom to a predetermined height and having sufficient rigidity to withstand pressures to be applied thereto by said particulate solids and second cladding sheets in the form of vertically corrugated sheets extending horizontally ., I :~ 6~2~
around the entire wall so as to provide an upper wall portion~ said upper wall portion being fixed to said lower wall portion so as to extend upwardly there-from and being fixed to said girts so as ~o be supported thereby.
Preferably, the cladding is of corrugated or ribbed cross-section sheet metal, although many non-metallic materials would also be suitable.
This mode of construction utilises girts to carry the majority of the stresses imposed by the particulate solids contained therein. The inter-nal cladding does not carry high loadings over large spans as the girts are placed sufficiently close together to spread the load. Thus the thickness of the sheet cladding used is very much reduced from that used in conventional silos.
The girts are preferably angle or T-section steel members spaced at suitable distances generally from 100 nun to 900 mm. The girts are attached to the posts and the internal cladding attached to the girts. The joins of adjacent sheets of cladding are preferably sealed with a flexible sealing compound.
The technique of building a silo in accordance with the invention enables silos capable of holding up to 35,000 kg to be readily constructed.
As the silo is filled there is slight expansion of the walls. This expansion creates a significant problem if the bottom edge of the cladding is merely directly secured to the foundations as it will be sheered open or will crack after a number of loadings~
To overcome this problem the invention provides a lower circumferen-tial wall of heavier gauge sheet steel secured at its lower end to the foun-dations and at its upper end to the sheet metal cladding. There is no need, in general, to have girts around this lower wall if it is made of sufficiently thick metal. Thus when the silo is loaded the upper end of the lower wall can , --,.~
expand with the sheet metal cladding, whilst the lower end remains fixed.
The lower wall is preferably about two metres high although obviously it could range from 1 metre to~ say, ~ metres depending on the size o~ the silo being constructed.
The lower wall is preferably formed from a series of plates which are joined along their vertical intersection.
In order to construct silos in accordance with this invention a very simple procedure is followed.
The floor and foundations of the silo are prepared. The floor will generally include one or more conveyor or screw type solids removal units therein. The -2a-: , 5 5 2 ~
pos~s are erected hy a crane and secured to the foundations, by say four bolts. The posts will generally define a circular area. The girts are attached to the inside ol the posts. The bottom wall section is erected.
The m.lirl sheet cladding walls are secured to the girts.
The roof ra~ter.s and c]adding are finally added.
~ here the container (silo) is to be~ used for longer term storage of degradable materials, such as grain crops, it is desirable to seal the roof to the walls so that the silo may be filled with a suitable gas to prevent such degradation. To achieve this, a foil-type membrane may be laid, sav, under or on top of the roof ra~ters and attached to the top of the walls.
In a further aspect the invention may broadly be said to consist in a silo air space bag, comprising an enclosed bag of flexible materia] adapted to be inserted into the air space of a grain silo between the grain and the roof of the silo and a connecting conduit between the interior of said bag and the atmosphere.
The air bag allows for expansion and contraction of the gas within the silo due to temperature effects, to be accommodated. This is achieved by expelling air from the bag to the atmosphere or drawing air into the bag from ~he atmosphere. This allows a sealed silo filled with an expensive gas to be stablised over a long period without the need to have a continual gas bleed or recharge.
There is thus provided a structure which is inexpensive, lightweight, sealable and of exceptionally strong construction. The structure can be readily constructed by unskilled labour with a minimum of supervision without the need for exotic equipment or techniques.
Notwithstanding any other forms that may fall within its scope one preferred form of the present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figures of the Drawings Figure l is a cross sectional elevation of an enclosed structure according to the invention;
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic partially cut-away view ~ 3 6~2~
of the structure shown in Figure l; and Figure 3 is a view of section 3-3 of Figure 1.
Descrlptlon of t_e Prefe.red_Fmbodim~nt In the preferred form of the invention an enclosed st.ructure, particularly suitable for use ac, a grain silo, is constructPd as ol.10~s.
~ pluralitv of vertical posts 1l are provided set on foundations 12 so as to define the line of a cornerless wall. In the pr.eferred form of the invention shown in the accompanying drawings, 8 vertical posts are provided set so as to define a circular wall.
The upper ends of the posts are arranged to support roof rafters which may be trusses ~, which extencl inwardly and upwardly from the posts to be a central 15 receivina member point 14. The posts 11 and rafters 13 mayl for example, be uni.versal beams, alterr)ativelY the Q ~' S
..t~se~ 13 may be fabricated bv welding from metal sections .
The vertical posts 11 are interconnected by a 20 plurality of horizontal circumferential girts 15 which may for example be formed from ang].e iron or T-section as shown in cross section at 15 in Figure 3. The girts 15 ; form continuous circumferential hoops around the line of the posts 11. The girts mav be attached to the posts 11 by rivetting 23 onto a flange 22 extending from the posts 11 .
The roof framing of the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings consist of a series of intersecting radial rafters which, in turn, support purlins 40.
The roof is covered with sheet cladding material shown at 17 in Figure 2 which is joined on the line of the main trusses 13 by a ridge cap 18. The peak of the roof is provided with an opening 19 provided with a removable covering 10 to allow the silo to be filled with grain.
The walls of the silo are clad with corrugated sheet wall cladding 20 extending the height of the wall and fastened to the girts 15, for example by rivetting or bolting. The vertical edges of adjoining sheets of claddiny 20 are lapped, sealed and secured together in a structural manner; for example by a line of mastic ;
I ~ ~5~2~
compoun(~ and fastening with heavy gauge rivets 50 that the sheet becomes one homogeneous structural element.
There i5 als~ in the roof system a tie ~ember near tl-le eaves which attaches to the posts 11 to act both in tencion and compressioll and completes a structural system of exceptional strength and lightness since it embodies a skin membrane construction and provide. a monolithic stru~ture.
The girts 15 which support the wall sheeting 20 are of sufficient .strength to resist wind loads on the hhole structure and keep the building stable and at the same time provide necessary strength to cater for internal .;-recsures due to the grain 103cl.
The ]ower part of the container wall (see Figure 3) is formed from he~vier gauge steel plates 21 ~oined tonether at their vertical intersection by means of overlapping plates (not shown).
The bottom edge of the plates 21 have a horizontal flange 28 which is fixed to the floor 30 or foundations 29 of the structure bv bolts 27 which secure an overlying plate 29 on the flange 28.
The upper edge of the plates 21 are attached to a pair of angle members 30 31 which provide a suitable seat for the base of the corrugated cladding 20. The seat formed by members 30 and 31 provides a vertical and horizontal resistance to the outward forces on the bottom of the cladding 20. The member 31 is attached to a flange 22 protruding from the post 11.
In Figure 3 the cladding 20 is illustrated showing the depth of a typical corrugation.
The construction of the wall as shown in Figure 3 ailows for the outwards deflection of the wall at the intersection of the cladding 20 with the wall section 21 without damage to the bottom of the cladding 20.
There are two major aspects for applications of the design of the enclosed structure. The first is for a silo which would be built as part of a grain storage svstem. It would be a single purpose building for storing grain. The second application is one for a smaller silo which might be built on a farm and would have incorporated ~ 165~2~
in the design doors so that the silo would become a multi-purpose building suitable for recreation or storage of machinery when not in use as a silo. In the first apolication one of the improved features will b~ the sealabi1ity of the structure. To achieve sealability a specia1 sealing member 32 is introduced in the plane of th~ undel. side of the rooE sheeting :L7. To this sealing member 32 will be attached flashing and sealing materials SO AS to enable the structure to be rendered airtight and so make it suitable for fumigating the content.s of the silo.
Another feature of this application is the introduction of a "balloon" or breather bag 33 in the air space under the roof. This bag is connected to the atmosphere by means of a breather tube 39 so that as diurnal temperature affects the gas in the head space 41 above the stored grain 42, gases are not expelled from the structure during the day due to heating of the yas, or diluted by air as the gases cool down during the night.
Instead, air is expelled from the balloon 33 during the : day and drawn into the balloon during the night so that the expensive gases which are used for fumigation remain intact and do not require expensive topping up.
In this manner an enclosed structur~ is provided which is particularlv suitable for the storage of grain in a simple and yet effective manner and which may also be used as a farm building by replacing one section of the wall between adjacent posts by suitable doors.
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A structure having a roof and corner-less side wall encompassing a space to receive particulate solids, said structure comprising: a foundation, a frame fixed to the foundation so as to be supported thereby, said frame including a plurality of generally upwardly extending posts fixed at their lower ends to said foundation and arranged in spaced relationship so as to generally define the position of said wall, a plurality of girts extending generally horizontally between said posts; cladding located internally of and fixed to said frame so as to provide said wall, said cladding including first cladding sheets extending horizontally around the entire wall to provide a lower wall portion, said lower wall portion being fixed to said foundation so as to extend upwardly therefrom to a predetermined height and having suf-ficient rigidity to withstand pressures to be applied thereto by said partic-ulate solids and second cladding sheets in the form of vertically corrugated sheets extending horizontally around the entire wall so as to provide an upper wall portion, said upper wall portion being fixed to said lower wall portion so as to extend upwardly therefrom and being fixed to said girts so as to be supported thereby.
2 The structure of claim 1 wherein said roof includes a plurality of rafters which extend from said posts to a peak, and further cladding sheets fixed to said rafters, and wherein the cladding sheets of the wall and roof are all sealingly joined so that said space is sealingly enclosed by said side wall and roof.
3. The structure of claim 2 further including pressure compensation means located within said space and communicating with the atmosphere exterior of said structure so as to compensate for pressure variations within said structure.
4. The structure of claim 3 wherein said pressure compensation means is a sealed bag communicating with the atmosphere exterior of said structure by means of a conduit.
5. The structure of claim 1, wherein said girts are located on the inside of said posts and the cladding forming said side wall is spaced from said posts toward the interior of said structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000386132A CA1165528A (en) | 1981-09-17 | 1981-09-17 | Enclosed structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000386132A CA1165528A (en) | 1981-09-17 | 1981-09-17 | Enclosed structure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1165528A true CA1165528A (en) | 1984-04-17 |
Family
ID=4120982
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000386132A Expired CA1165528A (en) | 1981-09-17 | 1981-09-17 | Enclosed structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1165528A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-09-17 CA CA000386132A patent/CA1165528A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |