CA1165339A - Precision work holder for machine tools - Google Patents
Precision work holder for machine toolsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1165339A CA1165339A CA000376827A CA376827A CA1165339A CA 1165339 A CA1165339 A CA 1165339A CA 000376827 A CA000376827 A CA 000376827A CA 376827 A CA376827 A CA 376827A CA 1165339 A CA1165339 A CA 1165339A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- work holder
- carriage
- holder according
- chuck
- wormshaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
Abstract
PRECISION WORK HOLDER FOR MACHINE TOOLS
ABSTRACT
A work holder for precision positioning and movement of a workpiece (20) relative to a machine tool comprises a base (100), a pair of spaced stocks (200, 300) mounted on the base, a spindle assemblies (210,310) supported on each of the stocks for rotation about a common axis, a chuck (246, 346) supported on each of the spindle assembly (210, 310) for clamping the workpiece (20) therebetween, and adjustable mounting means (236 - 272, 336 - 372) on each of the spindle assemblies (210, 310) for permitting movement of each of the chucks (246, 346) transversely of the axis.
A driveshaft (406) and gearing (402, 408) is provided for imparting rotation to one spindle assembly (210). A crank (422) is operatively connected to the driveshaft (406), and oscillating drive means (416) is providing for oscillating the crank (422) about the driveshaft (406) in two opposite directions. Ratcheting frictional clutch means (424 through 450) is provided for transmitting the motion of the crank (422) to the driveshaft (406) only when the crank (422) moves in one of the two directions.
Angular adjustment of the work holder relative to the horizontal is accomplished by inserting gauge blocks (124) of specified height (h) beneath a convex, substantially cylindrical bearing surface at one end of the hinged work holder baseplate (106), the angle of inclination being a function of the height (h) through the sine relationship of height (h) to baseplate length (1).
ABSTRACT
A work holder for precision positioning and movement of a workpiece (20) relative to a machine tool comprises a base (100), a pair of spaced stocks (200, 300) mounted on the base, a spindle assemblies (210,310) supported on each of the stocks for rotation about a common axis, a chuck (246, 346) supported on each of the spindle assembly (210, 310) for clamping the workpiece (20) therebetween, and adjustable mounting means (236 - 272, 336 - 372) on each of the spindle assemblies (210, 310) for permitting movement of each of the chucks (246, 346) transversely of the axis.
A driveshaft (406) and gearing (402, 408) is provided for imparting rotation to one spindle assembly (210). A crank (422) is operatively connected to the driveshaft (406), and oscillating drive means (416) is providing for oscillating the crank (422) about the driveshaft (406) in two opposite directions. Ratcheting frictional clutch means (424 through 450) is provided for transmitting the motion of the crank (422) to the driveshaft (406) only when the crank (422) moves in one of the two directions.
Angular adjustment of the work holder relative to the horizontal is accomplished by inserting gauge blocks (124) of specified height (h) beneath a convex, substantially cylindrical bearing surface at one end of the hinged work holder baseplate (106), the angle of inclination being a function of the height (h) through the sine relationship of height (h) to baseplate length (1).
Description
~ ~ 65~39 PRECISION WORK HOLDER FOR MACHINE T()OLS
:
TECHNICAL_ FIELD
The invention relates to work holders and, particularly, to precision work holders for accurately positioning and moving a workpiece relative to a machine tool.
In the precision machining of workpieces using grinders, cutters or other machine tools, it is extremely im~ortant that the workpiece be precisely positioned relative to the machine tool. Where the shaping operation requires that the workpiece~ be moved during shaping, precision moYement of the worhpiece in the work holder also is importantO The -~ ability ~to quickly insert and accurately position a workpiece is essential to efficient productionO
m ~ ~ ~ BACKGROUND ART
Existing ~work holders for machine tools either do not afford the mRchinist sufficient flexibility in generating a wide variety of shaped workpieces, or are so complex and expensive, as in the case of computerized, ~numerically-controlled machine tools, as to be unaffordable by all but the more sophisticated machining establishments. The simplier work holders in most instances require considerable time and effort in clamping and accurat~ly aligning the workpiece relative to the machine tool so that a precision surface can be ~enerated. This disadvantage has bcen overcome, but only to a limited extent, by the fixture disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,012,030, wllich resiliently holds the workpiece in a ..
~' ' ;:
.
`~ ~ 65339 spring assembly. This fixture is specifically designed only for limitèd drilling operations on the workpiece.
Where precise movement of the workpiece during machining is required, tedious manual operation often is necessary. Special, expensive grinding wheels or cutters often are required to generate certain external radii on workpieces supported in prior art work holders.
A need therefore exists in the prior art for a relatively simple, affordable, precision work holder for machine tools which can quickly and precisely position and move a workpiece relative to a machine tool with a minimum of effort and supervision on the part of the machinist, and obviate the need for special grinding wheels and cutters.
DISCLOSURE O~ THE INVENTION
An aspect of the invention is as follows:
A work holder for precision positioning and movement of a workpiece relative to a machine tool comprising a base;
a pair of spaced stocks mounted on said base;
separate and independent spindle assemblies supported on each of said stocks for rotation about a common axis;
a chuck supported on each of said spindle assemblies for firmly clamping said workpiece therebetween; and adjustable mounting means on each of sald spindle assemblies for permitting adjusting movement of each of said chucks relative to said spindle assemblies transversely of said axis.
The mounting means may comprise a carriage slidable relative to the spindle assembly along a first direction normal to the axis, the chuck being slidable on the carriage along a second direction normal to the axis and to the first direction. Quick and accurate positioning of each chuck is accomplished by spring-biasing the carriage and the chuck against respective adjustable stop members.
Direct and indirect indexing means may be providèd for lock-ing the spindle assemblies and, hence, the workpiece in precise angular position. Rotation of the workpiece during machining is accomplished by a drive means which incre-mentally rotates the spindle assembly of one stock (the headstock) either manually or automatically through worm gearing.
. ~
The details of the invention will be described in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a side elevational view of the work holder of the invention, shown also in phantom in an ele-vated position;
Figure 2 is a top plan view of the same;
Figure 2A is a sectional view taken on line 2A-2A
of Figure 2;
Figure 3 is a top plan view of the same wi-th an auxiliary chucking attachment secured thereto;
~' ~
Figure 4 is an end elevational view of the work holder;
Figure 5 is a sectional view of the work holder taken along line 5-S of Fig. l;
Figure 5A is a sectional view taken along line SA-5A of Fig.
5 5, with the workpiece omitted;
Figure 6 is a sectional view of the work holder taken along line 6~6 of Fig. 4;
Figure 7 is a sectional view of the sarne taken along line ~-7 of Fig. 6, and showing the worm gearing and ratchet drive arrangement;
Figure 8 is a detail sectional view oî the ratchet drive arrangement taken along line 8 8 of Fig. 7;
Figure 9 is a partial sectional view taken ~long line 9-9 of Fig.
4 showing the details of a spring-biased direct indexing pin;
Figure 10 is an end elevation of the index pin and its housing, 15 taken along line 10-10 of Fig. 9;
Figure 11 is a schematic view of the work holder illustrating the geometrical relationship involved in setting the work holder at a specific desired angle of inclination;
Figure 12 is a schemat;c view of the automatic fluid drive means 20 of the work holder; and Figure 13 is a detail sectional view of the auxiliary chucking attachm ent taken along line 13-13 of Fig. 3.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Referring to Figure 1, the work holder of the invention is adapted 25 to be conventionally secured to the work table 10 of a machine tool, such as a grinder or cutter, by means of bolts 12 threadably received in nuts 14 retained in T-slots 16 in the work table. Alternatively, a magnetic chuck (not shown) may be used to clamp the work holder to Table 10. The work holder is designed to precisely hold and, when 30 necessary, rot~te a workpiece 20, shown in the drawings as a piece of cylindrical stock~
Referring to ~igs. 1, 4 and 5, the base 100 of the work holder comprises a bedplate 102 having spaced holes 104 in which mounting bolts 12 are received. A dovetailed baseplate 106 is bolted to two side 3s members 108 by recessed bolts 110 to form an inverted channel wllich ~ 1 ~533~
is hinged at one end to bedplate 102 by means o~ bolts 112. Slotted struts 114 are bolted to the sides of bedplate 102 by bolts 116. The slotted portions 118 of struts 114 are slidably and clampingly engaged by bolts 120 carried by baseplate 106. When baseplate 106 is elevated about hinge bolts 112 to a desired position, bolts 120 are tightened to rigidly secure baseplate 106 in position.
Figure 11 illustrates the geometric relationship which enables the machinist to quickly, easily and accurately position baseplate 106 having a length 1 at a desired angle of inclination ¢~. A half-round bar 122 is secured to the underside of baseplate 106 by bolts (not shown) to provide a cylindrical bearing surface for supporting baseplate 106. Gauge blocks 124 of selected height h are placed on bedplate lD2 and support baseplate 106 by contact with the surface of bar 122. The surface of bar 122 is always substantially tangential to the surface of the uppermost gauge block 124 along their line of contact. This enabl~s baseplate 106 to bc firmly supported on gauge blocks 124 without slippage. Owing to the congruence of the right triangle having a vertex at pivot point 112, and the right triangle having a vertex at the point of contact between the half-round bar 122 and the top gauge block 124, the angle of inclination of baseplate 106 is always determined by the relationship:
sin~ = h Hence, for a selected angle of inclination9 the machinist need merely insert a number of gauge blocks 124 having a composite height h:
h = I sin S~
Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 5, a master control headstock 200 and a slave tailstock 300 are adjustably mounted on baseplate 106. The base of headstock 200 has a dovetailed portion 202 which mates with the dovetailed portion of baseplate 106. A clamping plate 204 locks headstock 200 in position along baseplate 106 when screws 206 are tightened.
Referring to Figure 6, a spindle 210 is iournalled for rotation in headstock 200. Spindle 210 has an enlarged frustoconical portion 212 flanked by a cy]indrical portion 214 and a cap 216 bolted to frustoconical portion 212 and is journalled in bearing 219 supported in end plate 221.
A smaller diameter cylindrical portion 218 extends rearwardly from portion 212O Frustoconical portion 212 is journalled in a tapered bearing 220 which is lapped to the highest precision. The shoulders 222 and 224 on the cylindrical and cap portions~ respectively, of spindle 210 prevent 5 axial movement of the spindle relative to headstock 200.
A spindle face plate 226 is bolted to spindle 210~ The rear surface of spindle face plate 226 has ~ plurality of uniformly, circumferentia~ly spaced notches 228 (F~igs~ 1 13nd 91 which cooperate wi$h a retractable index pin 230 slidable in a bore 232A in a housing 10 232 bolted at 233 to headstock 200 in recess 235. Index pin 230 is biased by a spring 234 into engagement with one of the notches 228.
This notch and pin arrangement provides direet indexing of the angular position of spindle face plate 226 and) hence7 the workpiece 20 supported therein, as described below. A pair OI slotted, arcuate stops 227 (Figs.
lS 4, 6) are adjustably bolted at 237 to the rear of face plate 226. Stops 227 limit the arc of rotation of spindle 210 by engaging a retractable stop pin 239 bolted at 241 to headstock 200.
Index pin 230 may be held in a retracted position by a flange 231 integral with housing 232~ To move pin 230 to a retracted position, 20 the pin is pulled back into housing 232 far enough for its tip 230A to clear flange 231~ and then rotated 90 so that the tip is stopped and held behind flange 23l. The other end of the housing is closed by a plate 229 secured to the housing by suitable screws.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 5 and 6, a dovetailed mounting plate 25 236 is bolted to spindle face plate 226~ A carriage 238 has a mating dovetail groove 240 which enables the carriage to slide along mounting plate 236. Carriage 238 also has a dovetailed projection 242 which is normal to the dovetailed groove 240. Dovetailed projection 242 receives the dovetailed groove 244 of a slidable chuck 246 having a V-groove 30 248 and ~n overlying U clamp 250 bolted to chuck 246 by shoulder bolts 251. A clamping screw 252 i5 threadably received in U-clamp 250. One end of workpiece 20 is clampingly supported in Y-groove 248 when clamping screw 252 is tightened against the wor1cpiece. The two orthogonal degrees of freedom of movement of chuck 246 and carriage 35 238 enable the workpiece to be freely transversely positioned with respect I 1 ~5~39 to the axis of ro~ation of spind~e 210. When positioned AS desired, carriage 238 is locked in place by tightening screws 254. Similar locking screws (not shown) through locking shoe 247 are provided for locking chuck 246 in position on carriage 238.
Quick and accurate positioning of chuck 246 is accomplished through the use of adjustable stop mechanisms and springs for carriage 238 and chuck 246. A dovetailed sliding stop bar 256 having a lock screw 258 is slidably and adjustably positionable along mounting plate 236. Stop bar 256 threadably supports a stop screw 260 having a lock nut 262. A stop button 264 is attached to one side of carriage 238.
Tension springs 266 connected between stop bar 256 and earriage 238 constantly urge carriage 238 against stop screw 260. Gage blocks can be used between button 264 and screw 260 to accurately position the carriage 23~. A stop button 264A is provided on the other side of carriage 238 for the same use when stop bar 256 is moved to the opposite side of carriage 238, as shown by phantom lines in Figs. 5 and 6.
The mode of attachment of springs 266 to carriage 238 and stop bar 256 affords the broadest possible range of adjustment of carriage 238 by enabling bar 256 to be positioned on either side of carriage 238, and by enabling carriage 238 to actually contact bar 256, if necessary.
; In this regard, one end of each spring 266 is pinned in a bore 26~, extending completely through carriage 238, by a pin 267A retained in hole 267B. The opposite end of each spring is pinned in a bore 269, extending completely through stop bar 256, by a pin 269A retained in hole 269B. Springs 266 can, tllerefore, extend out of either side of carriage 238 or stop bar 256, allowing bar 256 to be positioned on either side of carriage 238, and carriage 238 and bar 256 can abut one another when stop screw 260 is completely retracted.
A similar arrangement is provided for chuck 2~6. A stop arm 268, which is an integral portion of carriage 238, threadably supports an adjustable stop screw 270 which bears against a stop button 272 attached to the bottom of chuck 246. A tension spring 274 is pinned at one end in hole 275 by pin 275A, and at the other end in hole 276 35 by pin 276A retained in hole 276B. Spring 274 constantly urges chuclc 1 ~ 6~339 246 a~ainst stop screw 27û. Gage blocks may be used between button 272 and the end of screw 270 to accurately position chuck 246.
Tailstock 300 has a similar arrangement ol~ parts for rotatably supporting the opposite end of workpiece 20. These parts are not 5 described here for the sake of brevity, however, they are labelled in the drawings with numerals in the three hundred series which correspond-to the two hundred series numerals designating like parts in headstock 200.
Referring to Figures 6-10 and 12, precision d~ive means 400 are 10 provided for incrementally rotating spindle 210 and, hence, workpiece 20 when desired. A worm wheel 402 is keyed at 404 to the axle portion 218 of spindle 210. A wormshaft 406 is journalled in headstock 200 transversely of spindle 210 and has a worm gear 4û8 enmeshed with worm wheel 4020 A crank 410 is clamped to one end of wormshaft 15 406 and carries a retractable, spring-biased index pin 412 at its free end. An indexing hole plate 414 is attached to headstock 200 and has a plurality of uniformly, circumferentially spaced index holes 416 (see ~igs. 1 and 7) in which index pin 412 may be engaged. This arrangement provides for indirect and extremely precise indexing of spindle 210 and, 20 hence, workpiece 20. Index pin 412 may be held in a retracted position by a mechanism (not shown) similar to that which can retain index pin 230.
An automatic, powered, incremental drive of spindle 210 is pr~vided at the opposite end of ~ormshaft 406. A double-acting 25 pneumatic cylinder 417 bolted at 418 to a stud 419 on headstock 200 is shackled at 420 to a crank 422 forming part of a clutch housing 424 surrounding wormshaft 406. The reciprocating motion of the piston in cylinder 417 is converted into an intermittent, incremental, unidirectional rotary motion of wormshaft 406 by a reversible ratcheting friction~l 30 clutch mechanism contained within housing 424. This mechanism comprises a clutch wheel 426 having peripherial notches 428. Clutch wheel 426 is supported on wormshaft 406, but is freely rotatable therearound. A composition disk 430 is placed on each side of clutch wheel 428, and a me~al disk 432 is placed adjacent each composition 35 disk 430. The left metal disk 432, as seen in Fig. 7, abuts a shoulder i 1 65339 434 formed on wormsh~ft 406~ while the right hand metal disk 432 is urged to the left by ~ compression spring 436 adjustably held in a compressed state by a washer 438, an adjusting nut 440 and a lock nut 442 threaded on the end of wormshaft 406. A spring-loaded pin 444 5 is constantly ur~ed by spring 446 into engagement with the periphery of clutch 426. The tip of pin 444 is beveled on one side 448 only, the opposite side 450 being substantially straight.
In operationJ when the piston of cylinder unit 417 is withdrawn, crank 422 is pulled, causing housing 424 to rotate counterclockwise as 10 seen in Fig. B. The straight edge 450 of plunger 444 therefore urges clutch wheel 426 to rotate counterclockwise until the end of the cylinder stroke is reached. Bec~use of the frictional contact between disks 430 and 432 and shoulder 434 of wormshaft 406, wormshaft 406 also will rotate, and there~y rotate spindle 210. When cylinder 416 reverses, 15 housing 424 will be rotated clockwise as seen in Fig. 8. The beveled edge of plunger 444 will then ride up and over the adjacent crest of clutch wheel 426 until the tip of plunger 444 clears the crest, at which point it will snap down into the next succeeding notch 428 in the periphery of clutch wheel 426. Cylinder reversal will again cause clutch 20 wheel 426 and wormshaft 4û6 to rotate incrementally. Incremental spindle rotation will continue until an arc stop 227 contacts stop pin 239, causing resistance which forces the clutch mechanism to slip. The position OI plunger 444 may be reversed by lifting the plunger, turning it 180 degrees and releasing it. This will have the effect of causing 25 wormshaft 406 and, hence, workpiece 20 to rotate in the opposite direction.
The operation of cylinder 417 is controlled by an adjustable timer 452 (see Fig. 12), which governs the operation of a reversible solenoid pilot-operated valve 454. Valve 454 alternately reverses the flow of 30 air through supply valve 456 in a known manner to cause reciprocation of the piston within cylinder 417. Each cycle of cylinder 417 can be synchronized with the operation of the machine tool such that workpiece 20 will be rotated by one increment for each pass of the machine tool.
This may be accomplished in a conventional manner known to those 35 skilled in the art, such as by the use of limit switches operated by the - - -`I 1 BS~39 motion of the machine tool which send appropriate signals to timer 452.
The above described automatic incremental drive may be replaced by a continuously rotating or stepping motor drive and suitable reversible gearing for smoothly or incrementally rotating wormshaft 406. Such 5 motor and gear drives are conventional and are familiar to those skilled in the artO
Referr;ng to ~igures 3 and 13, an auxillary chucking device 500 for supporting small workpieces may be bolted to the sides of chucks 246 and 346. This chucking device comprises a plate 502 bolted to 10 chucks 246 and 346. A body member 504 is secured to plate 502 by a shoulder bolt 506. An index mark 507 may be provided on the edge of plate 502 adjacent the cylindrical periphery of body member 504.
The base of body member 504 is provided with a calibrated angular scale 508 so that the ~ngular position of body member 504 may be 15 suitably adjusted. A head 510 is clampingly and pivotally attached to body member 504 by a shoulder screw 512. A scale 514 and an index mark 516 cooperate to precisely define the angular position of head 510, The axes of rotation of head 51û and body member 504 are orthogonal.
Head 510 is provided with a pair of clamping screws 518 for clamping 20 the workpiece.
It is apparent from the foregoing descripffon that the work holder of the invention successfully accomplishes its objectives of quickly and precisely positioning and moving a workpiece at substantially any desired angle relative to a machine tool to generate a machined surface on the 25 workpiece OI substantially any desired confi~uration. It will be obvious to one of ordinary skill that numerous modifications may be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims.
:
TECHNICAL_ FIELD
The invention relates to work holders and, particularly, to precision work holders for accurately positioning and moving a workpiece relative to a machine tool.
In the precision machining of workpieces using grinders, cutters or other machine tools, it is extremely im~ortant that the workpiece be precisely positioned relative to the machine tool. Where the shaping operation requires that the workpiece~ be moved during shaping, precision moYement of the worhpiece in the work holder also is importantO The -~ ability ~to quickly insert and accurately position a workpiece is essential to efficient productionO
m ~ ~ ~ BACKGROUND ART
Existing ~work holders for machine tools either do not afford the mRchinist sufficient flexibility in generating a wide variety of shaped workpieces, or are so complex and expensive, as in the case of computerized, ~numerically-controlled machine tools, as to be unaffordable by all but the more sophisticated machining establishments. The simplier work holders in most instances require considerable time and effort in clamping and accurat~ly aligning the workpiece relative to the machine tool so that a precision surface can be ~enerated. This disadvantage has bcen overcome, but only to a limited extent, by the fixture disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,012,030, wllich resiliently holds the workpiece in a ..
~' ' ;:
.
`~ ~ 65339 spring assembly. This fixture is specifically designed only for limitèd drilling operations on the workpiece.
Where precise movement of the workpiece during machining is required, tedious manual operation often is necessary. Special, expensive grinding wheels or cutters often are required to generate certain external radii on workpieces supported in prior art work holders.
A need therefore exists in the prior art for a relatively simple, affordable, precision work holder for machine tools which can quickly and precisely position and move a workpiece relative to a machine tool with a minimum of effort and supervision on the part of the machinist, and obviate the need for special grinding wheels and cutters.
DISCLOSURE O~ THE INVENTION
An aspect of the invention is as follows:
A work holder for precision positioning and movement of a workpiece relative to a machine tool comprising a base;
a pair of spaced stocks mounted on said base;
separate and independent spindle assemblies supported on each of said stocks for rotation about a common axis;
a chuck supported on each of said spindle assemblies for firmly clamping said workpiece therebetween; and adjustable mounting means on each of sald spindle assemblies for permitting adjusting movement of each of said chucks relative to said spindle assemblies transversely of said axis.
The mounting means may comprise a carriage slidable relative to the spindle assembly along a first direction normal to the axis, the chuck being slidable on the carriage along a second direction normal to the axis and to the first direction. Quick and accurate positioning of each chuck is accomplished by spring-biasing the carriage and the chuck against respective adjustable stop members.
Direct and indirect indexing means may be providèd for lock-ing the spindle assemblies and, hence, the workpiece in precise angular position. Rotation of the workpiece during machining is accomplished by a drive means which incre-mentally rotates the spindle assembly of one stock (the headstock) either manually or automatically through worm gearing.
. ~
The details of the invention will be described in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a side elevational view of the work holder of the invention, shown also in phantom in an ele-vated position;
Figure 2 is a top plan view of the same;
Figure 2A is a sectional view taken on line 2A-2A
of Figure 2;
Figure 3 is a top plan view of the same wi-th an auxiliary chucking attachment secured thereto;
~' ~
Figure 4 is an end elevational view of the work holder;
Figure 5 is a sectional view of the work holder taken along line 5-S of Fig. l;
Figure 5A is a sectional view taken along line SA-5A of Fig.
5 5, with the workpiece omitted;
Figure 6 is a sectional view of the work holder taken along line 6~6 of Fig. 4;
Figure 7 is a sectional view of the sarne taken along line ~-7 of Fig. 6, and showing the worm gearing and ratchet drive arrangement;
Figure 8 is a detail sectional view oî the ratchet drive arrangement taken along line 8 8 of Fig. 7;
Figure 9 is a partial sectional view taken ~long line 9-9 of Fig.
4 showing the details of a spring-biased direct indexing pin;
Figure 10 is an end elevation of the index pin and its housing, 15 taken along line 10-10 of Fig. 9;
Figure 11 is a schematic view of the work holder illustrating the geometrical relationship involved in setting the work holder at a specific desired angle of inclination;
Figure 12 is a schemat;c view of the automatic fluid drive means 20 of the work holder; and Figure 13 is a detail sectional view of the auxiliary chucking attachm ent taken along line 13-13 of Fig. 3.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Referring to Figure 1, the work holder of the invention is adapted 25 to be conventionally secured to the work table 10 of a machine tool, such as a grinder or cutter, by means of bolts 12 threadably received in nuts 14 retained in T-slots 16 in the work table. Alternatively, a magnetic chuck (not shown) may be used to clamp the work holder to Table 10. The work holder is designed to precisely hold and, when 30 necessary, rot~te a workpiece 20, shown in the drawings as a piece of cylindrical stock~
Referring to ~igs. 1, 4 and 5, the base 100 of the work holder comprises a bedplate 102 having spaced holes 104 in which mounting bolts 12 are received. A dovetailed baseplate 106 is bolted to two side 3s members 108 by recessed bolts 110 to form an inverted channel wllich ~ 1 ~533~
is hinged at one end to bedplate 102 by means o~ bolts 112. Slotted struts 114 are bolted to the sides of bedplate 102 by bolts 116. The slotted portions 118 of struts 114 are slidably and clampingly engaged by bolts 120 carried by baseplate 106. When baseplate 106 is elevated about hinge bolts 112 to a desired position, bolts 120 are tightened to rigidly secure baseplate 106 in position.
Figure 11 illustrates the geometric relationship which enables the machinist to quickly, easily and accurately position baseplate 106 having a length 1 at a desired angle of inclination ¢~. A half-round bar 122 is secured to the underside of baseplate 106 by bolts (not shown) to provide a cylindrical bearing surface for supporting baseplate 106. Gauge blocks 124 of selected height h are placed on bedplate lD2 and support baseplate 106 by contact with the surface of bar 122. The surface of bar 122 is always substantially tangential to the surface of the uppermost gauge block 124 along their line of contact. This enabl~s baseplate 106 to bc firmly supported on gauge blocks 124 without slippage. Owing to the congruence of the right triangle having a vertex at pivot point 112, and the right triangle having a vertex at the point of contact between the half-round bar 122 and the top gauge block 124, the angle of inclination of baseplate 106 is always determined by the relationship:
sin~ = h Hence, for a selected angle of inclination9 the machinist need merely insert a number of gauge blocks 124 having a composite height h:
h = I sin S~
Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 5, a master control headstock 200 and a slave tailstock 300 are adjustably mounted on baseplate 106. The base of headstock 200 has a dovetailed portion 202 which mates with the dovetailed portion of baseplate 106. A clamping plate 204 locks headstock 200 in position along baseplate 106 when screws 206 are tightened.
Referring to Figure 6, a spindle 210 is iournalled for rotation in headstock 200. Spindle 210 has an enlarged frustoconical portion 212 flanked by a cy]indrical portion 214 and a cap 216 bolted to frustoconical portion 212 and is journalled in bearing 219 supported in end plate 221.
A smaller diameter cylindrical portion 218 extends rearwardly from portion 212O Frustoconical portion 212 is journalled in a tapered bearing 220 which is lapped to the highest precision. The shoulders 222 and 224 on the cylindrical and cap portions~ respectively, of spindle 210 prevent 5 axial movement of the spindle relative to headstock 200.
A spindle face plate 226 is bolted to spindle 210~ The rear surface of spindle face plate 226 has ~ plurality of uniformly, circumferentia~ly spaced notches 228 (F~igs~ 1 13nd 91 which cooperate wi$h a retractable index pin 230 slidable in a bore 232A in a housing 10 232 bolted at 233 to headstock 200 in recess 235. Index pin 230 is biased by a spring 234 into engagement with one of the notches 228.
This notch and pin arrangement provides direet indexing of the angular position of spindle face plate 226 and) hence7 the workpiece 20 supported therein, as described below. A pair OI slotted, arcuate stops 227 (Figs.
lS 4, 6) are adjustably bolted at 237 to the rear of face plate 226. Stops 227 limit the arc of rotation of spindle 210 by engaging a retractable stop pin 239 bolted at 241 to headstock 200.
Index pin 230 may be held in a retracted position by a flange 231 integral with housing 232~ To move pin 230 to a retracted position, 20 the pin is pulled back into housing 232 far enough for its tip 230A to clear flange 231~ and then rotated 90 so that the tip is stopped and held behind flange 23l. The other end of the housing is closed by a plate 229 secured to the housing by suitable screws.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 5 and 6, a dovetailed mounting plate 25 236 is bolted to spindle face plate 226~ A carriage 238 has a mating dovetail groove 240 which enables the carriage to slide along mounting plate 236. Carriage 238 also has a dovetailed projection 242 which is normal to the dovetailed groove 240. Dovetailed projection 242 receives the dovetailed groove 244 of a slidable chuck 246 having a V-groove 30 248 and ~n overlying U clamp 250 bolted to chuck 246 by shoulder bolts 251. A clamping screw 252 i5 threadably received in U-clamp 250. One end of workpiece 20 is clampingly supported in Y-groove 248 when clamping screw 252 is tightened against the wor1cpiece. The two orthogonal degrees of freedom of movement of chuck 246 and carriage 35 238 enable the workpiece to be freely transversely positioned with respect I 1 ~5~39 to the axis of ro~ation of spind~e 210. When positioned AS desired, carriage 238 is locked in place by tightening screws 254. Similar locking screws (not shown) through locking shoe 247 are provided for locking chuck 246 in position on carriage 238.
Quick and accurate positioning of chuck 246 is accomplished through the use of adjustable stop mechanisms and springs for carriage 238 and chuck 246. A dovetailed sliding stop bar 256 having a lock screw 258 is slidably and adjustably positionable along mounting plate 236. Stop bar 256 threadably supports a stop screw 260 having a lock nut 262. A stop button 264 is attached to one side of carriage 238.
Tension springs 266 connected between stop bar 256 and earriage 238 constantly urge carriage 238 against stop screw 260. Gage blocks can be used between button 264 and screw 260 to accurately position the carriage 23~. A stop button 264A is provided on the other side of carriage 238 for the same use when stop bar 256 is moved to the opposite side of carriage 238, as shown by phantom lines in Figs. 5 and 6.
The mode of attachment of springs 266 to carriage 238 and stop bar 256 affords the broadest possible range of adjustment of carriage 238 by enabling bar 256 to be positioned on either side of carriage 238, and by enabling carriage 238 to actually contact bar 256, if necessary.
; In this regard, one end of each spring 266 is pinned in a bore 26~, extending completely through carriage 238, by a pin 267A retained in hole 267B. The opposite end of each spring is pinned in a bore 269, extending completely through stop bar 256, by a pin 269A retained in hole 269B. Springs 266 can, tllerefore, extend out of either side of carriage 238 or stop bar 256, allowing bar 256 to be positioned on either side of carriage 238, and carriage 238 and bar 256 can abut one another when stop screw 260 is completely retracted.
A similar arrangement is provided for chuck 2~6. A stop arm 268, which is an integral portion of carriage 238, threadably supports an adjustable stop screw 270 which bears against a stop button 272 attached to the bottom of chuck 246. A tension spring 274 is pinned at one end in hole 275 by pin 275A, and at the other end in hole 276 35 by pin 276A retained in hole 276B. Spring 274 constantly urges chuclc 1 ~ 6~339 246 a~ainst stop screw 27û. Gage blocks may be used between button 272 and the end of screw 270 to accurately position chuck 246.
Tailstock 300 has a similar arrangement ol~ parts for rotatably supporting the opposite end of workpiece 20. These parts are not 5 described here for the sake of brevity, however, they are labelled in the drawings with numerals in the three hundred series which correspond-to the two hundred series numerals designating like parts in headstock 200.
Referring to Figures 6-10 and 12, precision d~ive means 400 are 10 provided for incrementally rotating spindle 210 and, hence, workpiece 20 when desired. A worm wheel 402 is keyed at 404 to the axle portion 218 of spindle 210. A wormshaft 406 is journalled in headstock 200 transversely of spindle 210 and has a worm gear 4û8 enmeshed with worm wheel 4020 A crank 410 is clamped to one end of wormshaft 15 406 and carries a retractable, spring-biased index pin 412 at its free end. An indexing hole plate 414 is attached to headstock 200 and has a plurality of uniformly, circumferentially spaced index holes 416 (see ~igs. 1 and 7) in which index pin 412 may be engaged. This arrangement provides for indirect and extremely precise indexing of spindle 210 and, 20 hence, workpiece 20. Index pin 412 may be held in a retracted position by a mechanism (not shown) similar to that which can retain index pin 230.
An automatic, powered, incremental drive of spindle 210 is pr~vided at the opposite end of ~ormshaft 406. A double-acting 25 pneumatic cylinder 417 bolted at 418 to a stud 419 on headstock 200 is shackled at 420 to a crank 422 forming part of a clutch housing 424 surrounding wormshaft 406. The reciprocating motion of the piston in cylinder 417 is converted into an intermittent, incremental, unidirectional rotary motion of wormshaft 406 by a reversible ratcheting friction~l 30 clutch mechanism contained within housing 424. This mechanism comprises a clutch wheel 426 having peripherial notches 428. Clutch wheel 426 is supported on wormshaft 406, but is freely rotatable therearound. A composition disk 430 is placed on each side of clutch wheel 428, and a me~al disk 432 is placed adjacent each composition 35 disk 430. The left metal disk 432, as seen in Fig. 7, abuts a shoulder i 1 65339 434 formed on wormsh~ft 406~ while the right hand metal disk 432 is urged to the left by ~ compression spring 436 adjustably held in a compressed state by a washer 438, an adjusting nut 440 and a lock nut 442 threaded on the end of wormshaft 406. A spring-loaded pin 444 5 is constantly ur~ed by spring 446 into engagement with the periphery of clutch 426. The tip of pin 444 is beveled on one side 448 only, the opposite side 450 being substantially straight.
In operationJ when the piston of cylinder unit 417 is withdrawn, crank 422 is pulled, causing housing 424 to rotate counterclockwise as 10 seen in Fig. B. The straight edge 450 of plunger 444 therefore urges clutch wheel 426 to rotate counterclockwise until the end of the cylinder stroke is reached. Bec~use of the frictional contact between disks 430 and 432 and shoulder 434 of wormshaft 406, wormshaft 406 also will rotate, and there~y rotate spindle 210. When cylinder 416 reverses, 15 housing 424 will be rotated clockwise as seen in Fig. 8. The beveled edge of plunger 444 will then ride up and over the adjacent crest of clutch wheel 426 until the tip of plunger 444 clears the crest, at which point it will snap down into the next succeeding notch 428 in the periphery of clutch wheel 426. Cylinder reversal will again cause clutch 20 wheel 426 and wormshaft 4û6 to rotate incrementally. Incremental spindle rotation will continue until an arc stop 227 contacts stop pin 239, causing resistance which forces the clutch mechanism to slip. The position OI plunger 444 may be reversed by lifting the plunger, turning it 180 degrees and releasing it. This will have the effect of causing 25 wormshaft 406 and, hence, workpiece 20 to rotate in the opposite direction.
The operation of cylinder 417 is controlled by an adjustable timer 452 (see Fig. 12), which governs the operation of a reversible solenoid pilot-operated valve 454. Valve 454 alternately reverses the flow of 30 air through supply valve 456 in a known manner to cause reciprocation of the piston within cylinder 417. Each cycle of cylinder 417 can be synchronized with the operation of the machine tool such that workpiece 20 will be rotated by one increment for each pass of the machine tool.
This may be accomplished in a conventional manner known to those 35 skilled in the art, such as by the use of limit switches operated by the - - -`I 1 BS~39 motion of the machine tool which send appropriate signals to timer 452.
The above described automatic incremental drive may be replaced by a continuously rotating or stepping motor drive and suitable reversible gearing for smoothly or incrementally rotating wormshaft 406. Such 5 motor and gear drives are conventional and are familiar to those skilled in the artO
Referr;ng to ~igures 3 and 13, an auxillary chucking device 500 for supporting small workpieces may be bolted to the sides of chucks 246 and 346. This chucking device comprises a plate 502 bolted to 10 chucks 246 and 346. A body member 504 is secured to plate 502 by a shoulder bolt 506. An index mark 507 may be provided on the edge of plate 502 adjacent the cylindrical periphery of body member 504.
The base of body member 504 is provided with a calibrated angular scale 508 so that the ~ngular position of body member 504 may be 15 suitably adjusted. A head 510 is clampingly and pivotally attached to body member 504 by a shoulder screw 512. A scale 514 and an index mark 516 cooperate to precisely define the angular position of head 510, The axes of rotation of head 51û and body member 504 are orthogonal.
Head 510 is provided with a pair of clamping screws 518 for clamping 20 the workpiece.
It is apparent from the foregoing descripffon that the work holder of the invention successfully accomplishes its objectives of quickly and precisely positioning and moving a workpiece at substantially any desired angle relative to a machine tool to generate a machined surface on the 25 workpiece OI substantially any desired confi~uration. It will be obvious to one of ordinary skill that numerous modifications may be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (23)
1. A work holder for precision positioning and movement of a workpiece relative to a machine tool comprising:
a base;
a pair of spaced stocks mounted on said base;
separate and independent spindle assemblies supported on each of said stocks for rotation about a common axis;
a chuck supported on each of said spindle assemblies for firmly clamping said workpiece therebetween; and adjustable mounting means on each of said spindle assemblies for permitting adjusting movement of each of said chucks relative to said spindle assemblies transversely of said axis.
a base;
a pair of spaced stocks mounted on said base;
separate and independent spindle assemblies supported on each of said stocks for rotation about a common axis;
a chuck supported on each of said spindle assemblies for firmly clamping said workpiece therebetween; and adjustable mounting means on each of said spindle assemblies for permitting adjusting movement of each of said chucks relative to said spindle assemblies transversely of said axis.
2. A work holder according to claim 1 wherein each of said mounting means comprises a carriage slidable relative to said spindle assembly along a first direction normal to said axis, said chuck being slidable on said carriage along a second direction normal to said axis and to said first direction.
3. A work holder according to claim 2 wherein each of said mounting means further comprises a mounting plate secured to said spindle assembly, carriage guide means for securing said carriage to said mounting plate and for guiding said carriage along said first direction, and chuck guide means for securing said chuck to said carriage and for guiding said chuck along said second direction.
4. A work holder according to claim 3 wherein said carriage guide means comprises mating dovetailed portions on said mounting plate and on said carriage, and said chuck guide means comprises mating dovetailed portions on said carriage and on said chuck.
5. A work holder according to claim 4 wherein said mounting means further comprises an adjustable carriage stop assembly secured to said mounting plate and having a carriage stop surface and at least one tension spring attached to said carriage for resiliently urging said carriage in said first direction against said carriage stop surface, and an adjustable chuck stop assembly secured to said carriage and having a chuck stop surface and at least one tension spring attached to said chuck for resiliently urging said chuck in said second direction against said chuck stop surface.
6. A work holder according to claim 5 wherein each of said stop assemblies comprises a stop block and a stop screw adjustably threaded in said stop block, said tension spring being attached to said stop block, and the tip of said stop screw forming said stop surface.
7. A work holder according to claim 6 wherein said stop block of said carriage stop assembly is clampingly adjustable and has a dovetailed portion which is slidable along the dovetailed portion of said mounting plate.
8. A work holder according to claim 2 further comprising adjustable carriage stop means having a carriage stop surface for resiliently urging said carriage in said first direction against said carriage stop surface, and adjustable chuck stop means having a chuck stop surface for resiliently urging said chuck in said second direction against said chuck stop surface.
9. A work holder according to claim 1 wherein each of said spindle assemblies comprises a face plate having a plurality of circumferentially spaced notches, and each of said stocks is provided with a retractable index pin which engages a selected one of said notches to immobilize said spindle assembly and, hence, said workpiece in a selected position.
10. A work holder according to claim 1 wherein one of said stocks is a control headstock supporting a driven spindle assembly, and the other of said stocks is a slave tailstock supporting a slave spindle assembly which is rotated by the rotating workpiece, further comprising drive means for positively rotating said driven spindle assembly.
11. A work holder according to claim 10 wherein said drive means comprises intermittent means for incrementally rotating said shaft.
12. A work holder according to claim 11 further com-prising means for adjusting the angular inclination of said base and, hence, the angular inclination of said workpiece.
13. A work holder according to claim 10 wherein said drive means comprises a wormwheel keyed to said spindle assembly, a wormshaft journalled in said headstock trans-versely of said axis, and a wormgear on said wormshaft meshing with said wormwheel.
14. A work holder according to claim 13 wherein said drive means further comprises a crank at one end of said wormshaft.
15. A work holder according to claim 14 wherein said drive means further comprises a retractable index pin at the free end of said crank, and an indexing plate having circumferentially spaced index holes attached to said headstock centrally of said wormshaft, said index pin engageable in a selected one of said index holes to immo-bilize said driven spindle assembly and, hence, said work-piece in a selected position.
16. A work holder according to claim 14 wherein said drive means further comprises intermittent means for incrementally rotating said wormshaft and, hence, said workpiece.
17. A work holder according to claim 16 wherein said intermittent means comprises a crank operatively connected to said wormshaft, oscillating means for oscillating said crank about said wormshaft in two opposite directions, and ratcheting frictional clutch means for transmitting the motion of said crank to said wormshaft only when said crank moves in one of said two directions.
18. A work holder according to claim 17 wherein said wormshaft has a shoulder and wherein said clutch-means comprises:
a clutch wheel having a notched periphery, rota-tably mounted on said wormshaft;
frictional disk means on said wormshaft abutting said clutch wheel and said shoulder;
a compression spring on said wormshaft urging said disk means and said clutch wheel toward said shoulder; and an asymmetrically beveled, spring-biased ratchet-ing pin carried by said crank and engaged with the peri-phery of said clutch wheel to rotate said clutch wheel in one direction when said pin is engaged in one of said notches and said crank moves in a direction to urge the non-beveled side of said pin against said clutch wheel, and to ride up and over a crest between notches and into the next succeeding notch when said crank moves in the opposite direction to urge the beveled side of said pin against said clutch wheel.
a clutch wheel having a notched periphery, rota-tably mounted on said wormshaft;
frictional disk means on said wormshaft abutting said clutch wheel and said shoulder;
a compression spring on said wormshaft urging said disk means and said clutch wheel toward said shoulder; and an asymmetrically beveled, spring-biased ratchet-ing pin carried by said crank and engaged with the peri-phery of said clutch wheel to rotate said clutch wheel in one direction when said pin is engaged in one of said notches and said crank moves in a direction to urge the non-beveled side of said pin against said clutch wheel, and to ride up and over a crest between notches and into the next succeeding notch when said crank moves in the opposite direction to urge the beveled side of said pin against said clutch wheel.
19. A work holder according to claim 18 wherein said oscillating means comprises a reversible, fluid-actuated cylinder coupled to said crank.
20. A work holder according to claim 18 wherein the end of said wormshaft adjacent said compression spring is threaded, and a nut on said wormshaft adjustably compress-es said spring to vary the frictional driving force between said disk means, shoulder and clutch wheel.
21. A work holder according to claim 17 wherein said oscillating means is synchronized with the operation of said machine tool so that said wormshaft undergoes one incre-ment of rotation for each stroke of the machine tool.
22. A work holder according to claim 1 further compri-sing an auxiliary work holding bar supported on said chucks, and an auxiliary adjustable chucking means secured to said bar for precision clamping of small workpieces.
23. A work holder according to claim 1 further compri-sing means for adjusting the angular inclination of said base and, hence, the angular inclination of said workpiece.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000434926A CA1178624A (en) | 1980-05-14 | 1983-08-18 | Precision work holder for machine tools |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14956980A | 1980-05-14 | 1980-05-14 | |
| US149,569 | 1980-05-14 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000434926A Division CA1178624A (en) | 1980-05-14 | 1983-08-18 | Precision work holder for machine tools |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1165339A true CA1165339A (en) | 1984-04-10 |
Family
ID=22530881
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000376827A Expired CA1165339A (en) | 1980-05-14 | 1981-05-04 | Precision work holder for machine tools |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1165339A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108274237A (en) * | 2018-03-18 | 2018-07-13 | 广州郑太机械设备有限公司 | A kind of high flexibility passes through six face drilling equipment of formula numerical control |
| CN111331397A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-06-26 | 昆山允可精密工业技术有限公司 | Tubular product auxiliary stay tool and lathe for lathe |
| CN117900997A (en) * | 2024-03-15 | 2024-04-19 | 山东硅瓷新材料有限公司 | Silicon carbide product grinding clamping tool |
-
1981
- 1981-05-04 CA CA000376827A patent/CA1165339A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108274237A (en) * | 2018-03-18 | 2018-07-13 | 广州郑太机械设备有限公司 | A kind of high flexibility passes through six face drilling equipment of formula numerical control |
| CN111331397A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-06-26 | 昆山允可精密工业技术有限公司 | Tubular product auxiliary stay tool and lathe for lathe |
| CN117900997A (en) * | 2024-03-15 | 2024-04-19 | 山东硅瓷新材料有限公司 | Silicon carbide product grinding clamping tool |
| CN117900997B (en) * | 2024-03-15 | 2024-06-18 | 山东硅瓷新材料有限公司 | Silicon carbide product grinding clamping tool |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |