CA1162548A - Derivatives of 2-nitro-4- or -5-pyridyloxyphenylphos- phonic acid, the preparation thereof, the use thereof - Google Patents
Derivatives of 2-nitro-4- or -5-pyridyloxyphenylphos- phonic acid, the preparation thereof, the use thereofInfo
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Abstract
Derivatives of 2-nitro-4- or -5-pyridyloxyphenylphosphonic acid, the preparation thereof, the use thereof as herbicides and/or plant growth regulators and/or microbicides, intermediates employed for obtaining said derivatives, the preparation thereof and use thereof as herbicides Abstract The invention relates to novel 2-nitro-4- or -5-pyridyloxy-phenylphosphonic acid derivatives of the formula
Description
1 1 6~8 ~ 1 --Case 5-13489/+
Derivatives of 2-nitro-4- or -5-pyridyloxyphenylphosphonic acid, the preparation thereof, the use thereof as herbicides and/or plant growth regulators and/or microbicides, intermediates employed for obtaining said derivatives, the pre~aration thereof and use thereof as herbicides _ _ The present invention relates to novel 2-nitro-4- or -5-pyridyloxyphenylphosphonic acid derivatives of the formula I, to the preparation of these compounds, to plant growth regulating and/or herbicidal and/or microbicidal compositions which contain a compound of the formula I as active ingredient, and to a method of regulating plant growth, of controlling weeds and/or of controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms, which comprises the use of compounds of the formula I.
The invention relates further to novel intermediates of the formula II employed for obtaining compounds of the ormula I, to the preparation of said intermediates, to herbicidal compositions which contain a compound of the formula II as active ingredient, and to a method of controlling weeds which comprises the use of compounds of the formula II.
Derivatives of 2-nitro-4- or -5-pyridyloxyphenylphosphonic acid, the preparation thereof, the use thereof as herbicides and/or plant growth regulators and/or microbicides, intermediates employed for obtaining said derivatives, the pre~aration thereof and use thereof as herbicides _ _ The present invention relates to novel 2-nitro-4- or -5-pyridyloxyphenylphosphonic acid derivatives of the formula I, to the preparation of these compounds, to plant growth regulating and/or herbicidal and/or microbicidal compositions which contain a compound of the formula I as active ingredient, and to a method of regulating plant growth, of controlling weeds and/or of controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms, which comprises the use of compounds of the formula I.
The invention relates further to novel intermediates of the formula II employed for obtaining compounds of the ormula I, to the preparation of said intermediates, to herbicidal compositions which contain a compound of the formula II as active ingredient, and to a method of controlling weeds which comprises the use of compounds of the formula II.
2-Substituted 5-phenoxyphenylphosphonic acid derivatives having herbicidal and growth regulating properties are described in European patent application 14684. Pyridyloxy-phenoxyalkanecarboxylic acid derivatives having herbicidal and growth regulating properties are known from European patent application 176. Further, 2-substituted phenoxy-3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridines having herbicidal properties are disclosed in US patent specification 4 235 621.
Finally, 5-(pyridyl-2'-oxy)-2-nitrobenzoic acid derivatives t ~ 625~
having herbicidal properties are known from European patent application 24259.
The 2-nitro-4- or -5-pyridyloxyphenylphosphonic acid derivatives of this invention have the formula I
~Y ~A
X~ -0- -~ ~--E ( I ) =.~r' .=.
wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl, Y is hydrogen or halogen, one of the two substituents A and E is a phosphonate group -P(OR)2, wherein R is Cl-C4alkyl or hydrogen, and the other i.s a nitro group, including the metal salts thereof and the salts thereof with ammonium and organic nitrogen bases.
Accordingly, the compounds of formula I comprise free acids, esters and salts.
In the definition of formula (I) above, halogen denotes fluorine, bromine, iodine and, in particular, chlorine.
Cl-C4Alkyl may be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, primary, secondary and tertiary butyl and isobutyl, with methyl and ethyl being preferred.
Metals suitable for salt formation are alkaline earth metals such as magnesium or calcium, and especially alkali metals such as lithium, potassium and, preferably, sodium. Suitable salt formers are also transition metals, e.g. iron, nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, chromium or manganese. Examples of organic nitrogen bases which are suitable for salt formation are primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic and aromatic amines which may be hydroxylated at the hydrocarbon radical, e.g. methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, 116~5~
the four isomeric butylamines, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, di-n-butylamine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, quinuclidine, pyridine, quinoline, iso-quinoline, as well as methanolamine, ethanolamine, propanol-amine, dimethanolamine, diethanolamine, or triethanolamine.
Quaternary ammonium ~ases may also be used as organic nitrogen bases.
Examples of quaternary ammonium bases are the ammonium cation, tetraalkylammonium cations in which the alkyl moieties independently of one another are straight chain or branched Cl-C6alkyl groups, e.g. the tetramethylammonium cation, the tetraethylammonium cation or the trimethylethylammonium cation, as well as the trimethylbenzylammonium cation, the triethylbenzylammonium cation and the trimethyl-~-hydroxy-ethylammonium cation.
Preferred compounds of formula I are those in which X is chlorine or trifluoromethyl, Y is hydrogen or chlorine, one o of A and E is the phosphonate group -P(OR)2, wherein R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and the other is the nitro group.
Particularly interesting compounds of formula I are those in 1l which A is the phosphonate group -P(OR)2, wherein R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, E is the nitro group, and X and Y are as defined for formula I.
The most preferred compounds of formula I are those in which A is the phosphonate group -P(OR)2, wherein R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, E is the nitro group, X is chlorine or trifluoromethyl and Y is hydrogen or chlorine.
1 ~ 62~8 Particularly preferred compounds are: dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy~phenylphosphonate, 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy~ph~nylphosphonic acid, dimethyl 2-nitr~-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonate, 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonic acid, dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoro-methyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate, diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate, 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)-phenylphosphonic acid, diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate, diethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-tri-fluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate, and dimethyl 2-nitro-4-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate.
The preparation o~ the novel phosphonic acid derivatives of formula I is carried out in similar manner to the known method of obtaining 2-nitrophenylphosphonic acids (J. Chem.
Soc. (C), 1969, 1314) by reacting a 1,2-dinitro-4-pyridyloxy-benzene of the formula II
~ N 2 \ N/ --\ ~--N02 (II) wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl and Y is hydrogen or halogen, with a trialkylphosphite of the formula III
P(OR )3 (III) wherein R' is Cl-C4alkyl, and, if desired, converting the resultant dialkyl phosphonate of the formula IV
/y X-~ N~---~ E' (IV) 1 1 625~ 8 wherein X and Y are as defined for formula II, one of the two substituents A' and E' is a phosphonate group -P(OR')2, wherein X' is as defined above, and the other is a nitro group, in a manner which is known per se, into the corresponding ~ree phosphonic acid, a metal salt or a salt with ammonium or with an organic nitrogen base.
The reaction of a compound of the formula II with a compound of the formula III is conveniently carried out at a temperature in the range from 50~ to 150C, preferably from 70 to 120C.
The reaction can be carried out without a solventi but the use of an organic aprotic solvent, e.g. acetonitrile, ben~ene or toluene, is preferred.
The phosphonate ester group can be readily converted into the phosphonic acid dichloride e.g. by treatment with 2 moles of SOC12 in the presence of dimethyl formamide as catalyst, at elevated temperature, in accordance with the method described in US patent specification 4 213 922. The dichloride can be converted by hydrolysis into the free phosphonic acid.
The free phosphonic acid can also be prepared by treating the dialkyl phosphonate with concentrated hydrochloric acid or by reacting it with (CH3)3SiBr, and hydrolysing the resultant silyl compound.
The intermediates of formula II
/Y ~2 X~ 0--~ ~--NO (II) wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl and ~ is hydrogen or halogen, which have been specially developed for obtaining the compounds of formula I, are novel and likewise constitute 1 ~ 6~
an object of the invention, The compounds of formu:la II are prepared by nitrating a compound of the formula V
X~ O ~ ~- (V) wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl and Y is hydrogen or halogen, with a nitrating acid mixture. Conventional mixtures, e.g. of concentrated sulfuric acid and alkali nitrate salts, may be employed as nitrating acid mixture.
The nitration is exothermic and is conveniently carried out under normal pressure with cooling or at most at room temperature.
The starting materials of formula V can be prepared in similar manner to that of the known method of preparing
Finally, 5-(pyridyl-2'-oxy)-2-nitrobenzoic acid derivatives t ~ 625~
having herbicidal properties are known from European patent application 24259.
The 2-nitro-4- or -5-pyridyloxyphenylphosphonic acid derivatives of this invention have the formula I
~Y ~A
X~ -0- -~ ~--E ( I ) =.~r' .=.
wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl, Y is hydrogen or halogen, one of the two substituents A and E is a phosphonate group -P(OR)2, wherein R is Cl-C4alkyl or hydrogen, and the other i.s a nitro group, including the metal salts thereof and the salts thereof with ammonium and organic nitrogen bases.
Accordingly, the compounds of formula I comprise free acids, esters and salts.
In the definition of formula (I) above, halogen denotes fluorine, bromine, iodine and, in particular, chlorine.
Cl-C4Alkyl may be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, primary, secondary and tertiary butyl and isobutyl, with methyl and ethyl being preferred.
Metals suitable for salt formation are alkaline earth metals such as magnesium or calcium, and especially alkali metals such as lithium, potassium and, preferably, sodium. Suitable salt formers are also transition metals, e.g. iron, nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, chromium or manganese. Examples of organic nitrogen bases which are suitable for salt formation are primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic and aromatic amines which may be hydroxylated at the hydrocarbon radical, e.g. methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, 116~5~
the four isomeric butylamines, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, di-n-butylamine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, quinuclidine, pyridine, quinoline, iso-quinoline, as well as methanolamine, ethanolamine, propanol-amine, dimethanolamine, diethanolamine, or triethanolamine.
Quaternary ammonium ~ases may also be used as organic nitrogen bases.
Examples of quaternary ammonium bases are the ammonium cation, tetraalkylammonium cations in which the alkyl moieties independently of one another are straight chain or branched Cl-C6alkyl groups, e.g. the tetramethylammonium cation, the tetraethylammonium cation or the trimethylethylammonium cation, as well as the trimethylbenzylammonium cation, the triethylbenzylammonium cation and the trimethyl-~-hydroxy-ethylammonium cation.
Preferred compounds of formula I are those in which X is chlorine or trifluoromethyl, Y is hydrogen or chlorine, one o of A and E is the phosphonate group -P(OR)2, wherein R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and the other is the nitro group.
Particularly interesting compounds of formula I are those in 1l which A is the phosphonate group -P(OR)2, wherein R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, E is the nitro group, and X and Y are as defined for formula I.
The most preferred compounds of formula I are those in which A is the phosphonate group -P(OR)2, wherein R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, E is the nitro group, X is chlorine or trifluoromethyl and Y is hydrogen or chlorine.
1 ~ 62~8 Particularly preferred compounds are: dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy~phenylphosphonate, 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy~ph~nylphosphonic acid, dimethyl 2-nitr~-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonate, 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonic acid, dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoro-methyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate, diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate, 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)-phenylphosphonic acid, diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate, diethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-tri-fluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate, and dimethyl 2-nitro-4-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate.
The preparation o~ the novel phosphonic acid derivatives of formula I is carried out in similar manner to the known method of obtaining 2-nitrophenylphosphonic acids (J. Chem.
Soc. (C), 1969, 1314) by reacting a 1,2-dinitro-4-pyridyloxy-benzene of the formula II
~ N 2 \ N/ --\ ~--N02 (II) wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl and Y is hydrogen or halogen, with a trialkylphosphite of the formula III
P(OR )3 (III) wherein R' is Cl-C4alkyl, and, if desired, converting the resultant dialkyl phosphonate of the formula IV
/y X-~ N~---~ E' (IV) 1 1 625~ 8 wherein X and Y are as defined for formula II, one of the two substituents A' and E' is a phosphonate group -P(OR')2, wherein X' is as defined above, and the other is a nitro group, in a manner which is known per se, into the corresponding ~ree phosphonic acid, a metal salt or a salt with ammonium or with an organic nitrogen base.
The reaction of a compound of the formula II with a compound of the formula III is conveniently carried out at a temperature in the range from 50~ to 150C, preferably from 70 to 120C.
The reaction can be carried out without a solventi but the use of an organic aprotic solvent, e.g. acetonitrile, ben~ene or toluene, is preferred.
The phosphonate ester group can be readily converted into the phosphonic acid dichloride e.g. by treatment with 2 moles of SOC12 in the presence of dimethyl formamide as catalyst, at elevated temperature, in accordance with the method described in US patent specification 4 213 922. The dichloride can be converted by hydrolysis into the free phosphonic acid.
The free phosphonic acid can also be prepared by treating the dialkyl phosphonate with concentrated hydrochloric acid or by reacting it with (CH3)3SiBr, and hydrolysing the resultant silyl compound.
The intermediates of formula II
/Y ~2 X~ 0--~ ~--NO (II) wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl and ~ is hydrogen or halogen, which have been specially developed for obtaining the compounds of formula I, are novel and likewise constitute 1 ~ 6~
an object of the invention, The compounds of formu:la II are prepared by nitrating a compound of the formula V
X~ O ~ ~- (V) wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl and Y is hydrogen or halogen, with a nitrating acid mixture. Conventional mixtures, e.g. of concentrated sulfuric acid and alkali nitrate salts, may be employed as nitrating acid mixture.
The nitration is exothermic and is conveniently carried out under normal pressure with cooling or at most at room temperature.
The starting materials of formula V can be prepared in similar manner to that of the known method of preparing
3-nitrodiphenyl ethers (European patent application 7471) by reacting a compound o~ the formula VI
_ .
X--~ al (VI) . =
wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl, Y is hydrogen or halogen and Hal is halogen, in the presence of a base and preferably in an inert organic solvent, with meta-nitro-phenol. The reaction may be carried ou~ without or in the presence of a solven~ or diluent which is inert to the reactants. It is preferred to use a polar organic solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone, dimethyl formamide or dimethy~
sulfoxide. The reaction temperatures are in the range from 0 to 200C, preferably from 20 to 100C, and the reaction time is from about one hour to several days, depending on the starting material, chosen reaction temperature and 1 .1 62~8 solvent. The reaction is usually carried out under normal yressure. Suitable bases are inorganic or organic bases, e.g. KOH, NaOCH3, NaHCO3, K2C03, potassium tert-butylate or triethylamine.
The starting materials of formula VI are known or they may be prepared by methods similar to known ones.
For application as herbicides, growth regulators or micro-bicides, the compounds of formula I are used in unmodi~ied form or, preferably, together with the adjuvants conventionally employed in the art of formulation, and are therefore ~ormulated in known manner to e.g. emulsifiable concentrates, brushable pastes, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, dilute emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts, granulates, and also encapsulations in e.g. polymer sub-stances. Like the nature of the compositions, the methods of application, such as spraying, atomising, dusting, scattering or pouring, are chosen in accordance with the intended objectives and the prevailing circumstances.
The Eormulations, i.e. the compositions or preparations containing the compourld (active ingredient) of the formula I and, where appropriate, a solid or liquid adjuvant, are prepared in known manner, e.g. by homogeneously mixing and/or grinding the active ingredients with extenders, e.g. solvents, solid carriers and, where appropriate, surface-active compounds (sur~actants~.
Suitable solvents are: aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably the fractions containing 8 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g. xylene mixtures or substituted naphthalenes9 phthalates such as dibutyl phthalates or dioctyl phtha]ate, aliphatic hydro-carbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, alcohols and 1 1 ~25~
glycols and their ethers and esters, such as ethanol, ethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether, ketones such as cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethyl formamide, as well as epoxidised vegetable oils such as epoxidised coconut oil or soybean oil; or water.
The solid carriers used e.g. for dusts and dispersible powders~ are normally natural mineral fillers such as calcite, talcum, kaolin, montmorillonite or attapulgite.
In order to improve the physical properties it is also possible to add highly dispersed silicic acid or highly dispersed absorbent polymers. Suitable granulated adsorptive carriers are porous types, for example pumice, broken brick, sepiolite or bentonite; and suitable nonsorbent carriers are materials such as calcite or sand. In addition, a great number of pregranulated materials of inorganic or or~anic nature can be used, e.g. especially dolomite or pulverised plant residuesO
Depending on the nature of the compound of the formula I
to be formulated, suitable surface-active compounds are nonionic, cationic and/or anionic surfactants having good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties. The term "surfactants" will also be understood as comprising mixtures of surfactants.
Suitable anionic surfactants can be both water-soluble soaps and water-soluble synthetic surface-active compounds.
Suitable soaps are the alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts or unsubstituted or substituted ammonium salts of higher fatty acids (C10-C22), e.g. the sodium or potassium salts of oleic or stearic acid, or of natural ~ ~ 6~5~8 fatty acid mixtures which can be obtained e.g. from coconut oil or tallow oil. Mention may also be made of fatty acid methyl ~aurin salts.
More frequently, however, so-called synthetic surfactants are used, especially ~atty sulfonates, fatty sulfates, sulfonated benzimidazole derivatives or alkylarylsulfonates.
The fatty sulfonates or sulfates are usually in the form of alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts or unsubstituted or substituted ammonium salts and contain a C8-C22alkyl radical which also includes the alkyl moiety of acyl radic~ls, e.g. the sodium or calcium salt of lignosulfonic acid, of dodecylsulfate or oi a mixture of fatty alcohol sulfates obtained from natural fatty acids. These compounds also comprise the salts of sulfuric acid esters and sulEonic acids of fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide adducts. The sulfonated benzimidazole derivatives preferably contain 2 sulfonic acid groups and one fatty acid radical containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms. ~xamples of alkylarylsulfonates are the sodium, calcium or triethanolamine salts of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, or of a naphthalene-sulfonic acid/formaldehyde condensation product. Also suitable are corresponding phosphates, e,g, salts of the phosphoric acid ester of an adduct of p-nonylphenol with
_ .
X--~ al (VI) . =
wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl, Y is hydrogen or halogen and Hal is halogen, in the presence of a base and preferably in an inert organic solvent, with meta-nitro-phenol. The reaction may be carried ou~ without or in the presence of a solven~ or diluent which is inert to the reactants. It is preferred to use a polar organic solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone, dimethyl formamide or dimethy~
sulfoxide. The reaction temperatures are in the range from 0 to 200C, preferably from 20 to 100C, and the reaction time is from about one hour to several days, depending on the starting material, chosen reaction temperature and 1 .1 62~8 solvent. The reaction is usually carried out under normal yressure. Suitable bases are inorganic or organic bases, e.g. KOH, NaOCH3, NaHCO3, K2C03, potassium tert-butylate or triethylamine.
The starting materials of formula VI are known or they may be prepared by methods similar to known ones.
For application as herbicides, growth regulators or micro-bicides, the compounds of formula I are used in unmodi~ied form or, preferably, together with the adjuvants conventionally employed in the art of formulation, and are therefore ~ormulated in known manner to e.g. emulsifiable concentrates, brushable pastes, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, dilute emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts, granulates, and also encapsulations in e.g. polymer sub-stances. Like the nature of the compositions, the methods of application, such as spraying, atomising, dusting, scattering or pouring, are chosen in accordance with the intended objectives and the prevailing circumstances.
The Eormulations, i.e. the compositions or preparations containing the compourld (active ingredient) of the formula I and, where appropriate, a solid or liquid adjuvant, are prepared in known manner, e.g. by homogeneously mixing and/or grinding the active ingredients with extenders, e.g. solvents, solid carriers and, where appropriate, surface-active compounds (sur~actants~.
Suitable solvents are: aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably the fractions containing 8 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g. xylene mixtures or substituted naphthalenes9 phthalates such as dibutyl phthalates or dioctyl phtha]ate, aliphatic hydro-carbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, alcohols and 1 1 ~25~
glycols and their ethers and esters, such as ethanol, ethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether, ketones such as cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethyl formamide, as well as epoxidised vegetable oils such as epoxidised coconut oil or soybean oil; or water.
The solid carriers used e.g. for dusts and dispersible powders~ are normally natural mineral fillers such as calcite, talcum, kaolin, montmorillonite or attapulgite.
In order to improve the physical properties it is also possible to add highly dispersed silicic acid or highly dispersed absorbent polymers. Suitable granulated adsorptive carriers are porous types, for example pumice, broken brick, sepiolite or bentonite; and suitable nonsorbent carriers are materials such as calcite or sand. In addition, a great number of pregranulated materials of inorganic or or~anic nature can be used, e.g. especially dolomite or pulverised plant residuesO
Depending on the nature of the compound of the formula I
to be formulated, suitable surface-active compounds are nonionic, cationic and/or anionic surfactants having good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties. The term "surfactants" will also be understood as comprising mixtures of surfactants.
Suitable anionic surfactants can be both water-soluble soaps and water-soluble synthetic surface-active compounds.
Suitable soaps are the alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts or unsubstituted or substituted ammonium salts of higher fatty acids (C10-C22), e.g. the sodium or potassium salts of oleic or stearic acid, or of natural ~ ~ 6~5~8 fatty acid mixtures which can be obtained e.g. from coconut oil or tallow oil. Mention may also be made of fatty acid methyl ~aurin salts.
More frequently, however, so-called synthetic surfactants are used, especially ~atty sulfonates, fatty sulfates, sulfonated benzimidazole derivatives or alkylarylsulfonates.
The fatty sulfonates or sulfates are usually in the form of alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts or unsubstituted or substituted ammonium salts and contain a C8-C22alkyl radical which also includes the alkyl moiety of acyl radic~ls, e.g. the sodium or calcium salt of lignosulfonic acid, of dodecylsulfate or oi a mixture of fatty alcohol sulfates obtained from natural fatty acids. These compounds also comprise the salts of sulfuric acid esters and sulEonic acids of fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide adducts. The sulfonated benzimidazole derivatives preferably contain 2 sulfonic acid groups and one fatty acid radical containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms. ~xamples of alkylarylsulfonates are the sodium, calcium or triethanolamine salts of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, or of a naphthalene-sulfonic acid/formaldehyde condensation product. Also suitable are corresponding phosphates, e,g, salts of the phosphoric acid ester of an adduct of p-nonylphenol with
4 to 14 moles of ethylene oxide.
Non-ionic surfactants are preferably polyglycol ether derivatives of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols, or saturated or unsatura~ed fatty acids and alkylphenols, said derivatives containing 3 to 30 glycol ether groups and 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the (aliphatic) hydrocarbon moiety and 6 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety of the alkylphenols.
~ 1 6~5~8 Further sui~able non-ionic surfac~ants are the water-soluble adducts of polye~hylene oxide with polypropylene glycol, ethylenedlamine polypropylene glycol and alkylpolypropylene glycol containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, which adducts contain 20 to 250 ethylene glycol ether groups and 10 to 100 propylene glycol ether groups. These compounds usually contain 1 to 5 ethylene glycol ~nits per propylene glycol unit.
Representative examples of non-ionic surfactants are nonylphenolpolyethoxyethanols, castor oil polyglycol ethers, polypropylenelpolyethylene oxide adducts, ~ributyl-phenoxypolyethoxyethanol, polyethylene glycol and octyl-phenoxypolyethoxyethanol Fatty acid esters o~ polyoxyethylene sorbitan are also suitable non-ionic surfactants, e.g.
polyoxyethylene sor~itan trioleate.
Cationic surfactants are preferably quaternary ammonium salts which contain, as N-substituent, at least one C8-C22-alkyl radical and, as further substituents, lower unsubstituted or halogenated alkyl, benzyl or lower hydroxy-alkyl radicals. The salts are preEerably in the form of halides, methylsulfates or ethylsulfates, e.g. stearyl-trimethylammonium chloride or benzyldi(2-chloroethyl)-ethylammonium bromide.
The surfactants customarily employed in the art of formula~ion are described e.g. in "McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual", MC Publishing Corp. Ringwood, New Jersey, 1980, and Sisely and Wood, "Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents", Chemical Publishing Co., Inc.
New York, 1980.
The agrochemical compositionsusually contain 0.1 to 99%, preferably 0.1 to 95%, of a compound of the formula I, 1 to 1 1 625~ 8 l~
99.9~/~, preferably 99.8 to 5%, of a solid or liquid adjuvant, and O to 25%, preferably 0.1 to 25%, of a surfactant.
Whereas commercial produc~s are preferably formulated as concentrates, the end user will nor~,ally employ dilute formulations.
The compositions may also contaln further ingredients, such as stabilisers, antifoams, viscosity regulators, binders, tackifiers as well as fertilisers or other active ingredients in order to obtain special effects.
The particulars specified above relating to formulations and their use, as well as the formulation examples which follow, also apply to compounds of formula II.
The compounds of formulae I and II have herbicidal properties and are suitable for the pre- and postemergence control of monocot and dicot weeds.
The compounds of formula I additionally have growth regulating properties. Experience made so far with the application of growth`regulators has shown that the compounds are able to influence the plants so as to bring about one or more different responses. These responses are largely dependent on the time of application, i.e. on the physiological state of the seed or on the development stage of the plant, on the nature of the application as well as, in particular, on the concentration employed. Such responses differ in turn, depending on the species of plant. The application of compounds of the formula I thus affords the possibility of influencing plant growth in the desired manner.
For example, plant growth can he regulated with the com-pounds of formula I so as to stimulate generative growth 1 ~ 62548 and thereby to bring about an increase in yield. Cultivated plants the yield of which can be substantially increased are, in particular, legumlnosae such as beans, peas, lentils and, most particularly, soya beans. The inc~ease in yield can take the form of an increase in the number of pods and/or in thelr weight.
Further, the novel compo~mds of formula I also stimulate the root growth of cultivated plants, especially of cotton plants and cereals, most particularly of wheat. This results in a better supply of water and nutrients to the p~ants and gives increased protection against the lodging of cereal crops as a consequence of gales or thunderstorms.
The compounds of formula I also have microbicidal properties and are suitable for controlling phytopathogenic ~ungi or bacteria.
Preparation of Intermediates of the Formula II
xample l: 1,2-dinitro-4-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)-benzene (compound II-l) 25 g of 3-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)nitrobenzene are added to lO0 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and 25 ml of ethylene chloride. A solution of 5.7 g of fuming nitric acid in 8.8 g of concentrated sulfuric acid is added dropwise at 10-15C over 30 minutes. The reaction mixture is then stirred for 2 hours at room temperature and poured onto ice.
The crystalline precipitate is isolated by filtration, washed with water and recrystallised from alcohol.
Yield: 18.5 g of 1,2-dinitro-4-(3',5'-dichloro~2'-pyridyloxy)-ben~ene with a melting point of 163-165C.
The following compounds of formula II may also be prepared in analogous manner:
- 1.3 -Y _ ~2 X~ --0--~ 0 Table 1 .
Compounc m.p.
II--2 CF3 Cl 95-98C . ..
II--3 CF3 H ~32-85C
Preparatory Examples for Compounds of Formula I
xample 2: Dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyl-oxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 1) With stirring, a mixture of 24.8 g of 1,2-dinitro-4-(5'-tri-fluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)benzene and 10.7ml of trimethyl-phosphite in 100 ml of toluene is hea~ed to reflux until no mor~ methyl nitrite is formed (about 40 hours). The dark solution is concentrated in a rotary evaporator and the residue is chromatographed over silica gel using ethyl acetate as eluant, affording initially 8 g (27.1% of theory) of the title compound in the form of an orange oil; nD=1.5315.
Analysis of the final product C14H12F3N206P (393.2):
calculated: C 42.87 H 3.09 N 7.14 F 14.53%
found : C 41.50 H 3.23 N 6.86 F 14.11%
( 3): OCH3 3.9 ppm (JPOCH = 11 Hz, 6H); aromat CH from 7.15-8.6 (m, 6H).
A further fraction consists of 1.5 g (5.1% of theory) of dimethyl 2-nitro-4-(5'-trifluorome~hyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonate in the form of an orange oil (compound 2).
H-NMR (in CDC13) shows at 8.1 ppm a proton which couples with another proton and additionally shows a JPCH = 13-14 Hz.
~ l B25~8 Diethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-~rifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonate (compound lO) with a melting point of 75-76C
is ob~ained in analogous manner.
xa~ple 3: 2-Nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)-phenylphosphonic acid (compound 3) A mixture of 7 g of dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate and 6 ml of (CH3)3SiBr is kept for 2 days at room temperature, then poured into ethanol and concentrated in a rotary evaporator. The residue is dissolved in ethanol (50 ml) and 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoro-methyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonic acid is precipitated by adding 100 ml of water. The crystalline product (3.8 g =
58.6% of theory) is isolated by filtration and dried in vacuo at 80C. Melting point: 217-219~C (black melt).
Analysis of the final product C12H8F3N206P ~364.1):
calculated: C 39.58 H 2.22 N 7.69 F 15.65%
found : C 39.64 H 2.31 N 7.81 F 15.64%
H-NMR (in CD30D): OH 5.2 ppm (s, 2H); aromat. H 7.2-8.7 (m, 6H).
xample 4: Dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)-phenylphosphonate (compound 4) With stirring, a mixture of 26.~ g of 1,2-dinitro-4-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)benzene, 11.5 ml of trimethylphosphite and 100 ml of toluene is heated to reflux for 48 hours. The reacti.on mixture is concentrated and the residue is chromatographed over silica gel (Hesh 60) with ethyl acetate as eluant. The eluate is concentrated and the residue is recrystallised from methylene chloride/diisopropyl ether.
Yield: 10.3 g (32.2% of theory) of dime~hyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate in the form of yellow crystals with a melting point of 101-103C.
1 ~ 625~8 Analysis of the final product C13HllC12N206P (393.1):
calcula~ed: C 39.72 ll 2.82 N 7.13 Cl 18.04%
found : C 39.87 H 2.94 ~ 7.18 ~1 17.96%
lH-NMR (in CDC13): O~H3 3-9 ppm (d,JpOcH
aromat. H 7.3-8.3 ppm (5H).
Diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonate is obtained in analogous manner in the form of a brown viscous oil (compound 9).
xample 5: 2-Nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonic acid (compound 5) A mixture of 6.15 g of dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phosphonate and 10 ml of (CH3)3SiBr is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. Then alcohol is added and the mixture is concentrated in a rotary evaporator, affording 4.9 g oE 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonic acid in the form of orange crystals with a melting point of 238C (decompos.) Analysis of the final product CllH7C12~206P (365-0):
calculated: C 36.19 H 1.93 N 7.67 Cl 19.42%
found : C 34.92 H 1.97 N 7.36 Cl 19.36%
lH-NMR (in CD30D/D20): OH 5.1 ppm (br., 2H); aromat.
H 7.2-8.6 ppm (br., 5H).
xample 6: Dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 6) With stirring, a mixture of 10 g of 1,2-dinitro-4 (3'-chloro-
Non-ionic surfactants are preferably polyglycol ether derivatives of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols, or saturated or unsatura~ed fatty acids and alkylphenols, said derivatives containing 3 to 30 glycol ether groups and 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the (aliphatic) hydrocarbon moiety and 6 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety of the alkylphenols.
~ 1 6~5~8 Further sui~able non-ionic surfac~ants are the water-soluble adducts of polye~hylene oxide with polypropylene glycol, ethylenedlamine polypropylene glycol and alkylpolypropylene glycol containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, which adducts contain 20 to 250 ethylene glycol ether groups and 10 to 100 propylene glycol ether groups. These compounds usually contain 1 to 5 ethylene glycol ~nits per propylene glycol unit.
Representative examples of non-ionic surfactants are nonylphenolpolyethoxyethanols, castor oil polyglycol ethers, polypropylenelpolyethylene oxide adducts, ~ributyl-phenoxypolyethoxyethanol, polyethylene glycol and octyl-phenoxypolyethoxyethanol Fatty acid esters o~ polyoxyethylene sorbitan are also suitable non-ionic surfactants, e.g.
polyoxyethylene sor~itan trioleate.
Cationic surfactants are preferably quaternary ammonium salts which contain, as N-substituent, at least one C8-C22-alkyl radical and, as further substituents, lower unsubstituted or halogenated alkyl, benzyl or lower hydroxy-alkyl radicals. The salts are preEerably in the form of halides, methylsulfates or ethylsulfates, e.g. stearyl-trimethylammonium chloride or benzyldi(2-chloroethyl)-ethylammonium bromide.
The surfactants customarily employed in the art of formula~ion are described e.g. in "McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual", MC Publishing Corp. Ringwood, New Jersey, 1980, and Sisely and Wood, "Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents", Chemical Publishing Co., Inc.
New York, 1980.
The agrochemical compositionsusually contain 0.1 to 99%, preferably 0.1 to 95%, of a compound of the formula I, 1 to 1 1 625~ 8 l~
99.9~/~, preferably 99.8 to 5%, of a solid or liquid adjuvant, and O to 25%, preferably 0.1 to 25%, of a surfactant.
Whereas commercial produc~s are preferably formulated as concentrates, the end user will nor~,ally employ dilute formulations.
The compositions may also contaln further ingredients, such as stabilisers, antifoams, viscosity regulators, binders, tackifiers as well as fertilisers or other active ingredients in order to obtain special effects.
The particulars specified above relating to formulations and their use, as well as the formulation examples which follow, also apply to compounds of formula II.
The compounds of formulae I and II have herbicidal properties and are suitable for the pre- and postemergence control of monocot and dicot weeds.
The compounds of formula I additionally have growth regulating properties. Experience made so far with the application of growth`regulators has shown that the compounds are able to influence the plants so as to bring about one or more different responses. These responses are largely dependent on the time of application, i.e. on the physiological state of the seed or on the development stage of the plant, on the nature of the application as well as, in particular, on the concentration employed. Such responses differ in turn, depending on the species of plant. The application of compounds of the formula I thus affords the possibility of influencing plant growth in the desired manner.
For example, plant growth can he regulated with the com-pounds of formula I so as to stimulate generative growth 1 ~ 62548 and thereby to bring about an increase in yield. Cultivated plants the yield of which can be substantially increased are, in particular, legumlnosae such as beans, peas, lentils and, most particularly, soya beans. The inc~ease in yield can take the form of an increase in the number of pods and/or in thelr weight.
Further, the novel compo~mds of formula I also stimulate the root growth of cultivated plants, especially of cotton plants and cereals, most particularly of wheat. This results in a better supply of water and nutrients to the p~ants and gives increased protection against the lodging of cereal crops as a consequence of gales or thunderstorms.
The compounds of formula I also have microbicidal properties and are suitable for controlling phytopathogenic ~ungi or bacteria.
Preparation of Intermediates of the Formula II
xample l: 1,2-dinitro-4-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)-benzene (compound II-l) 25 g of 3-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)nitrobenzene are added to lO0 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and 25 ml of ethylene chloride. A solution of 5.7 g of fuming nitric acid in 8.8 g of concentrated sulfuric acid is added dropwise at 10-15C over 30 minutes. The reaction mixture is then stirred for 2 hours at room temperature and poured onto ice.
The crystalline precipitate is isolated by filtration, washed with water and recrystallised from alcohol.
Yield: 18.5 g of 1,2-dinitro-4-(3',5'-dichloro~2'-pyridyloxy)-ben~ene with a melting point of 163-165C.
The following compounds of formula II may also be prepared in analogous manner:
- 1.3 -Y _ ~2 X~ --0--~ 0 Table 1 .
Compounc m.p.
II--2 CF3 Cl 95-98C . ..
II--3 CF3 H ~32-85C
Preparatory Examples for Compounds of Formula I
xample 2: Dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyl-oxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 1) With stirring, a mixture of 24.8 g of 1,2-dinitro-4-(5'-tri-fluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)benzene and 10.7ml of trimethyl-phosphite in 100 ml of toluene is hea~ed to reflux until no mor~ methyl nitrite is formed (about 40 hours). The dark solution is concentrated in a rotary evaporator and the residue is chromatographed over silica gel using ethyl acetate as eluant, affording initially 8 g (27.1% of theory) of the title compound in the form of an orange oil; nD=1.5315.
Analysis of the final product C14H12F3N206P (393.2):
calculated: C 42.87 H 3.09 N 7.14 F 14.53%
found : C 41.50 H 3.23 N 6.86 F 14.11%
( 3): OCH3 3.9 ppm (JPOCH = 11 Hz, 6H); aromat CH from 7.15-8.6 (m, 6H).
A further fraction consists of 1.5 g (5.1% of theory) of dimethyl 2-nitro-4-(5'-trifluorome~hyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonate in the form of an orange oil (compound 2).
H-NMR (in CDC13) shows at 8.1 ppm a proton which couples with another proton and additionally shows a JPCH = 13-14 Hz.
~ l B25~8 Diethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-~rifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonate (compound lO) with a melting point of 75-76C
is ob~ained in analogous manner.
xa~ple 3: 2-Nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)-phenylphosphonic acid (compound 3) A mixture of 7 g of dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate and 6 ml of (CH3)3SiBr is kept for 2 days at room temperature, then poured into ethanol and concentrated in a rotary evaporator. The residue is dissolved in ethanol (50 ml) and 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoro-methyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonic acid is precipitated by adding 100 ml of water. The crystalline product (3.8 g =
58.6% of theory) is isolated by filtration and dried in vacuo at 80C. Melting point: 217-219~C (black melt).
Analysis of the final product C12H8F3N206P ~364.1):
calculated: C 39.58 H 2.22 N 7.69 F 15.65%
found : C 39.64 H 2.31 N 7.81 F 15.64%
H-NMR (in CD30D): OH 5.2 ppm (s, 2H); aromat. H 7.2-8.7 (m, 6H).
xample 4: Dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)-phenylphosphonate (compound 4) With stirring, a mixture of 26.~ g of 1,2-dinitro-4-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)benzene, 11.5 ml of trimethylphosphite and 100 ml of toluene is heated to reflux for 48 hours. The reacti.on mixture is concentrated and the residue is chromatographed over silica gel (Hesh 60) with ethyl acetate as eluant. The eluate is concentrated and the residue is recrystallised from methylene chloride/diisopropyl ether.
Yield: 10.3 g (32.2% of theory) of dime~hyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate in the form of yellow crystals with a melting point of 101-103C.
1 ~ 625~8 Analysis of the final product C13HllC12N206P (393.1):
calcula~ed: C 39.72 ll 2.82 N 7.13 Cl 18.04%
found : C 39.87 H 2.94 ~ 7.18 ~1 17.96%
lH-NMR (in CDC13): O~H3 3-9 ppm (d,JpOcH
aromat. H 7.3-8.3 ppm (5H).
Diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonate is obtained in analogous manner in the form of a brown viscous oil (compound 9).
xample 5: 2-Nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonic acid (compound 5) A mixture of 6.15 g of dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phosphonate and 10 ml of (CH3)3SiBr is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. Then alcohol is added and the mixture is concentrated in a rotary evaporator, affording 4.9 g oE 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonic acid in the form of orange crystals with a melting point of 238C (decompos.) Analysis of the final product CllH7C12~206P (365-0):
calculated: C 36.19 H 1.93 N 7.67 Cl 19.42%
found : C 34.92 H 1.97 N 7.36 Cl 19.36%
lH-NMR (in CD30D/D20): OH 5.1 ppm (br., 2H); aromat.
H 7.2-8.6 ppm (br., 5H).
xample 6: Dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 6) With stirring, a mixture of 10 g of 1,2-dinitro-4 (3'-chloro-
5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)benzene, 6.4 ml of tri-methylphosphite and 35 ml of toluene is heated for 18 hours to reflux, treated with activated carbon and concentrated.
The residual yellow oil is purified by chromatography over silica gel with ethyl acetate as eluant, to give 4.42 g (38.3% of theory) of dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-tri-fluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate in the form of ~ 1 ~25~8 yellowish crys~als wlth a melting point of 99-100C.
Analysis of the final product C14HllClF3N206P (426.6):
calculated: C 39.41 H 2.60 N 6.57%
found : C 39.33 H 2.69 ~ 6.46%
lH-N~ (in CDC13): OCH3 3.9 ppm (d,JpoCH
aromat. H 7.5-8.4 ppm (m, 5H).
xample 7: Diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 7) A mixture of ~g of 1,2-dinitro-4-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)benzene, 8.6 ml of triethylphosphite and 35 ml of toluene is heated to re1ux for 16 hours in accordance with the method descri'oed in Example 6. Purification of the crude product by chromatography yields 7.8 g (63.5% of theory) of diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate in the form of a highly viscous oil.
Analysis of the final product C16H15ClF3N206P (454.7):
calculated: C 42.26 H 3.32 N 6.16 Cl 7.80 P 6.81%
found : C 42.25 H 3.52 N 6.17 Cl 7.89 P 6.61%
H-NMR (in CDC13): CH3 1.37 ppm (t, 6H); OCH2 4-2 ppm (qui~
4H); aromat. H 7.35-8.4 (m, 5H).
xample 8: 2-Nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonic acid (compound 8) A mixture of 3.5 g of diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-tri-fl~loromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate and 50 ml of 20% HCl is heated to reflux for 14 hours and then concentrated in a rotary evaporator. Yield: 2.54 g (82.7% of theory) of 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonic acid with a melting point of 156-159C.
H-NMR (in D20/NaOD): OH 4.75 (s, 2H); aromat. H 6.2-8.1 (m, 5H).
1 1 625~8 _ormulation l.xamples ~or li~uid active in~redients of_the formula l or II (throughout, percentages are by weight) 9. Emulsi~i~ble concentrates a) b) c) Compolmd of Exc~mples 1~ orTablel 25 %40 % 50 . %
calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 5 % 8 % 6 %
castor oil polyethylene glycol ether (36 moles of ethylene oxide) 5 % - -tributylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (30 moles of ethylene oxide) - 12 % 4 %
cyclohexanone - 15 % 20 %
xylene mixture 65 % 25 % 20 %
Emulsions of any required concentration can be produced from such concentrates by dilution with water.
lO.Solutions a) b)~ c) d) Compound of Examplesl-8 ~ Table 1 80 % 10 % 5 % 95 %
ethylene glycol monomethyl ether 20 % - -polyethylene glycol MG 400 - 70 %
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone - 20 % - -epoxidised coconut oil - _ 1 % 5 %
ligroin (boiling range 160-190) - - 94 ~/0 These solutions are suitable for application in ~he form of microdrops.
~ 1 625~8 - 1~
11. Granulat_ a) b3 Compound of E~.~mples 1-8 or Table 1 5 % 10 %
kaolin 94 %
highly dispersed silici.c acid 1 %
attapulgite - 90 %
The active ingredient is dissolved in methylene chloride, ~he solution is sprayed onto the carrier, and the solvent is subsequently evaporated off in vacuo.
12. Dusts a) b) Compound of ~amples1-8or Table 1 2 %5 %
highly dispersed silicic acid 1 %5 %
talcum 97 %
kaolin - 90 %
Ready for use dusts are obtained by intimately mixing the carriers with the active ingredient.
Formulation examples for solid active ingredients of the formula I or II (throughout, percentages are by weight) 13. Wet~able powders a) b) c) Compound of Examples 1-8 or Table 1 25 % 50 % 75 %
sodium lignosulfonate 5 % 5 %
sodium laurylsulfate 3 % - 5 %
sodium diisobutylnaphthalene-sulfonate - 6 % 10 %
octylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (7-8 moles of ethylene oxide) - 2 %
highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 10 % 10 %
kaolin 62 % 27 %
l l 62~8 The active ingredient ls thorough]y mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powclers which can be diluted with wa~er to give suspensions of the desired concentration.
14. EmulsiEiable concentrate . .
Compound o~ Examples 1-8 or Table 1 10 %
octylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (4-5 moles of ethylene oxide) 3 %
calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 3 %
castor oil polyglycol ether (36 moles of ethylene oxide) 4 %
cyclohexanone 30 %
xylene mixture 50 %
Emulsions of any required concentration can be obtained from this concentrate by dilution with water.
15. Dusts a) b~
Compound of Examples 1-8 or Table 1 5 % 8 V/o talcum 95 %
kaolin - 92 %
Ready for use dusts are obtained by mixing the active ingredient with ~he carriers, and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill.
16. Extruder granulate Compound of Examples 1-8 or Table 1 10 %
sodium lignosulfonate 2 %
carboxymethylcellulose 1 %
kaolin 87 %.
The active in~redient is mi~ed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is su~sequently moistened with water. The mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air.
17. Coated granulate Compound of Examples 1-8 or Table 1 3 %
polyethylene gylcol MG 200 3 %
kaolin 94 %
The finely ground active ingredient is uniformly applied, in a mixer, to the kaolin moistened with polyethylene glycol.
Non-dusty coated granulates are obtained in this manner.
18. Suspension concentrate .
Compound of Examples 1-8 or Table 1 40 %
ethylene glycol 10 %
nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether ~15 moles of ethylene oxide) 6 %
sodium lignosulfonate 10 %
carboxymethylcellulose 1 %
37 % aqueous formaldehyde solution 0.2 %
silicone oil in the form of a 75 %
aqueous emulsion 0.8 %
water 32 %.
The finely ground active ingredient is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired concentration can be obtained by dilution with water.
1 J 625~ 8 Bio]o~ical Examples Example 19 Prcemer~ence herbicidal action (inhibition of germination) In a greenhouse, immediately after sowing seeds of test plants in seed dishes, the surface of the soil is treated with an aqueous dispersion prepared from a 10% wetta~le powder formulation o test compounds of formula I.
Concentrations of ~ kg of active ingredient per hectare are used. The seed dishes are kept in the greenhouse at 22-25C
and 50-70% relative humidity, and the test is evaluated after 3 weeks in accordance with the following rating:
1 = plants have not germinated or have completely died off 2-3 = very pronounced action 4-6 = medium action 7-8 = slight action 9 = no action (as untreated controls) Of the compounds of formula I, dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (com-pound 6) in particular is very effective in this test against the weeds Setaria and Stellaria trating 1) and Sinapis (rating 2).
Example 20: Postemergence herbicidal action (contact herbicide) The weeds to be tested are sprayed postemergence (in the ~-to 6-leaf stage) with an aqueous dispersion prepared from compounds of formula I ~ormulated as a) a 10% or b) a 25%
wettable powder or c) a 25% emulsifiable concentrate, at a rate of application of 4 kg a.i./ha. The plants are kept at 24-26C and 45-60% relative humidity. The test is evaluated 15 days later in accordance with the same rating as used in the preemergence test (Example 19).
i ~ 6~54 8 Of the compounds of formula I, in particular dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyrldyloxy)phenylphos-phonate (cornpo~md 6), dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dlchloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (cornpourld 4), dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (com-pound 1~, diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 7) and diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 9), are very effective.
Table 2 __ ~--~e--st plant Compound Formulation _ . _ ~ Solanum ! Sinapis _Setaria ~ ~ L ~ ~ ~
_ample 21: Regulation of the growth of soya bean plants a) Soya beans of the "Hark" variety are sown in plastic containers in a mixture of earth/peat/sand (6:3:1). The containers are put into a climatic chamber and the plants develop to the 5-6 trefoil leaf stage after about 5 weeks by optimum contro]. of temperature, light, fertilisation and watering. The plants are then sprayed until wet at rates of application of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.5 kg a.i./ha with an aqueous spray mixture prepared from a compound of formula I
formulated as a 25% emulsifiable concentrate. Evaluation is made about 5 weeks after application by comparing the average growth in height and the yield of harvested pods with those of untreated controls (=100%). Of the compounds of formula I, dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 1) in particular is very effective.
I 1 6~5~ 8 b) Under the same test conditions as in a), but using rates of application of 0.08 to 4 kg a.i./ha, the following results are obtained e.g. with 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonic acid (compound 3):
Table 3 kg a.i./ha0.08 0.400.80 4.00 no. of pods as ~ of controls 107119 109 98 l~ei gh t of pods as ~ of controls 119119 135 108 (controls = 100~) Exampl_ 22: Stimulation of root growth in wheat Compounds of formula I are applied in the form of aqueous dispersions prepared from a 25~/o wettable powder. The test is carried out with seeds which are sown in plastic cylinders measuring 5 x 30 cm and filled with soil (10 seeds per cylinder). The seeds are a) treated before sowing at rates of application of 4-130 mg per kg of seeds or b) are untreated and the soil is sprayed with a dispersion of the active ingredient at rates of application of 0.3 to 3 kg/ha.
The cylinders are kept under controlled conditions in a climatic chamber. AEter 10 days, the seedlings are carefully washed with water to remove the soil and the length and dry weight of the roots ~re assessed.
Of the compounds of formula I, 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonic acid (compound 3) in particular is very effective in this test.
~ ~ 625~ 8 E,xample 23: Stimulation of root growth in wheat and cotton Compounds of formula I are employed in the form of aqueous dispersions prepared from a 25% wettable powder. The test is carried out with seeds which are sown in plastic boxes measuring 5 x 35 x 60 cm and filled with soil (15 seeds per box). The seeds are treated before sowing at rates of application of 45-500 mg per kg of seeds. The boxes are kept under controlled conditions in a climatic chamber.
After 30 days, the plants are carefully washed with water to remove the soil and the length and dry weight of the roots are assessed.
Of the compo~mds of formula I, 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonic acid (compound 3) in particular is very efective in this test.
Table 4:
ng a.i./kg ~f 6eeds 45 150 500 wheat:
length expresssd as ~ of con-trols 98 107 107 weight o~pressed ~s ~ of controls 105 _ 2_ LlO
cotton:
longth cxpresscd as ~ controls122 111 122 weight expr~ssed as % of controls 105 97 129 _ . I
(controls = l008) Example 24: Action against Erysiphe graminis on barley Barley plants about 8 cm in height are sprayed with a spray mixture (0.02% of compound of formula I) prepared from a 25% emulsifiable concentrate. After 3-4 hours the plants are dusted with conidia of Erysiphe graminis. The infected barley plants are then stood in a greenhouse at about 22~C.
Evaluation of fungus attack is made 10 days later.
1 1 625~8 Of the compounds of formula I, dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-tri-fluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 1) is particularly effective in this test. Compared with untreated control plants (=100% attack), fungus attack is reduced by 80-95%-Example 25: Action against mould fungus on moist maizeDry maize grains (portions of 80 g each) are thoroughly mixed in sealable plastic beakers with an aqueous suspension prepared from a 25% wetta~le powder formulation of a com-pound of formula I. The appLication is so adjusted as to give a concentration of 0.06% of active ingredient, based on the weight of dry maize. A moistened slip of paper provides for a saturated humid atmosphere in the beakers which are filled with maize and then sealed. A mixe~ population of mould fungi develops spontaneously after incubation for 2-3 weeks at about 20C in the maize samples which have been treated only with water. The effectiveness of the test com-pounds is assessed by evaluating the degree of fung~s development after 3 weeks.
Maize samples which are free from fungus attack or which exhibit only insignificant attack are incubated for a further 2 months. A visual assessment is made after each month accordin~ to the same criteria as specified above.
Of the compounds of formula I, 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonic acid (compound 3) has a particularly pronounced fungicidal activity. Compared with untreated controls, fungus attack is reduced after 3 weeks by 80-95~/o~ after a further month also by 80-95%~ and after yet a further month still by 50-80%.
~ ~ t325~8 xampLe 26: Action a~ainst Xanthornonas oryzae in rice (~esid~lal-protective action) Three weeks after being reared in a greenhouse, rice plants of the variety "Caloro" or "S6" are sprayed at different concentrations with a spray mixture prepared from a 10% or 25% wettable powder formulation of a compound of formula I.
The spray coating is left to dry for 1 day and the plants are then put into a climatic chamber at 24 and 75-85%
relative humidity and infected by cutting off the tips of the leaves with scissors which have been dipped beforehand in a suspension of Xanthomonas oryzae. After incubation for ]0 days in the same room, the cut leaves wither, roll up and become necrotic. The effectiveness of the t`est compounds is assessed by determining the extent of these symptoms.
Of the compounds of formula I, in particular dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphos-phona~e (compound 6) and dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 4) exhibit pronounced bactericidal properties. An action of over 95% is achieved with compound 6 at a concentration of 0.02% and with compound 4 at a concentration of 0.006%. Compound 4 still has an action of 80-95% at a concentration of 0.0006%.
xample 27: Action against Xanthomon~s oryzae on rice (systemic action) Three weeks after being reared in a greenhouse, rice plants of the variety "Caloro" or "S6" are sprayed with a suspension prepared from a 25% wettable powder formulation of a compound of formula I (0.006% and 0.0006%, based on the volume of thesoil).
Three days after this treatment the plants are put into a climatic chamber at 2~C and 75-85% relative humidity and infected by cutting off the tips of the leaves with scissors which have been dipped beforehand in a suspension of Xanthomonas oryzae. After incubation for 10 days in the same 1 1 625~
room, the cut leaves wither, roll up and become necrotic.
The activity of the test compounds is assessed by determining the extent of these symptoms.
Of the compounds of formula I, dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 4~ in particular eY~hibits in this test a pronounced bactericidal activity: over 95% at a concentration oE 0.006% and 50-80%
at a concentration of 0.0006%.
Example 28: Postemergence herbicidal action (contact herbicide) The plants for testing are sprayed postemergence (in the 4-to 6-leaf stage) at a concentration of ~ kg a.i./ha with an aqueous dispersion prepared from a compound of formula II
formulated as a 25% wettable powder. The plants are then kep~
at 24-26C and 45-60~/o relative humidity. The test is evaluated 15 days later according to the following rating:
1 = plants completely withered 2-3 = very pronounced action 4-6 = medium action 7-8 = insignificant action 9 = no action (as untreated controls) Of the compounds of formula II, 1,2-dinitro-4-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)benzene (compound II-2) and 1,2-dinitro-4-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)benzene (compound II-3) exhibit an excellent herbicidal action against Phaseolus and Solanum:
Compound Phaseolus Solanum
The residual yellow oil is purified by chromatography over silica gel with ethyl acetate as eluant, to give 4.42 g (38.3% of theory) of dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-tri-fluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate in the form of ~ 1 ~25~8 yellowish crys~als wlth a melting point of 99-100C.
Analysis of the final product C14HllClF3N206P (426.6):
calculated: C 39.41 H 2.60 N 6.57%
found : C 39.33 H 2.69 ~ 6.46%
lH-N~ (in CDC13): OCH3 3.9 ppm (d,JpoCH
aromat. H 7.5-8.4 ppm (m, 5H).
xample 7: Diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 7) A mixture of ~g of 1,2-dinitro-4-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)benzene, 8.6 ml of triethylphosphite and 35 ml of toluene is heated to re1ux for 16 hours in accordance with the method descri'oed in Example 6. Purification of the crude product by chromatography yields 7.8 g (63.5% of theory) of diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate in the form of a highly viscous oil.
Analysis of the final product C16H15ClF3N206P (454.7):
calculated: C 42.26 H 3.32 N 6.16 Cl 7.80 P 6.81%
found : C 42.25 H 3.52 N 6.17 Cl 7.89 P 6.61%
H-NMR (in CDC13): CH3 1.37 ppm (t, 6H); OCH2 4-2 ppm (qui~
4H); aromat. H 7.35-8.4 (m, 5H).
xample 8: 2-Nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonic acid (compound 8) A mixture of 3.5 g of diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-tri-fl~loromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate and 50 ml of 20% HCl is heated to reflux for 14 hours and then concentrated in a rotary evaporator. Yield: 2.54 g (82.7% of theory) of 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonic acid with a melting point of 156-159C.
H-NMR (in D20/NaOD): OH 4.75 (s, 2H); aromat. H 6.2-8.1 (m, 5H).
1 1 625~8 _ormulation l.xamples ~or li~uid active in~redients of_the formula l or II (throughout, percentages are by weight) 9. Emulsi~i~ble concentrates a) b) c) Compolmd of Exc~mples 1~ orTablel 25 %40 % 50 . %
calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 5 % 8 % 6 %
castor oil polyethylene glycol ether (36 moles of ethylene oxide) 5 % - -tributylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (30 moles of ethylene oxide) - 12 % 4 %
cyclohexanone - 15 % 20 %
xylene mixture 65 % 25 % 20 %
Emulsions of any required concentration can be produced from such concentrates by dilution with water.
lO.Solutions a) b)~ c) d) Compound of Examplesl-8 ~ Table 1 80 % 10 % 5 % 95 %
ethylene glycol monomethyl ether 20 % - -polyethylene glycol MG 400 - 70 %
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone - 20 % - -epoxidised coconut oil - _ 1 % 5 %
ligroin (boiling range 160-190) - - 94 ~/0 These solutions are suitable for application in ~he form of microdrops.
~ 1 625~8 - 1~
11. Granulat_ a) b3 Compound of E~.~mples 1-8 or Table 1 5 % 10 %
kaolin 94 %
highly dispersed silici.c acid 1 %
attapulgite - 90 %
The active ingredient is dissolved in methylene chloride, ~he solution is sprayed onto the carrier, and the solvent is subsequently evaporated off in vacuo.
12. Dusts a) b) Compound of ~amples1-8or Table 1 2 %5 %
highly dispersed silicic acid 1 %5 %
talcum 97 %
kaolin - 90 %
Ready for use dusts are obtained by intimately mixing the carriers with the active ingredient.
Formulation examples for solid active ingredients of the formula I or II (throughout, percentages are by weight) 13. Wet~able powders a) b) c) Compound of Examples 1-8 or Table 1 25 % 50 % 75 %
sodium lignosulfonate 5 % 5 %
sodium laurylsulfate 3 % - 5 %
sodium diisobutylnaphthalene-sulfonate - 6 % 10 %
octylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (7-8 moles of ethylene oxide) - 2 %
highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 10 % 10 %
kaolin 62 % 27 %
l l 62~8 The active ingredient ls thorough]y mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powclers which can be diluted with wa~er to give suspensions of the desired concentration.
14. EmulsiEiable concentrate . .
Compound o~ Examples 1-8 or Table 1 10 %
octylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (4-5 moles of ethylene oxide) 3 %
calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 3 %
castor oil polyglycol ether (36 moles of ethylene oxide) 4 %
cyclohexanone 30 %
xylene mixture 50 %
Emulsions of any required concentration can be obtained from this concentrate by dilution with water.
15. Dusts a) b~
Compound of Examples 1-8 or Table 1 5 % 8 V/o talcum 95 %
kaolin - 92 %
Ready for use dusts are obtained by mixing the active ingredient with ~he carriers, and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill.
16. Extruder granulate Compound of Examples 1-8 or Table 1 10 %
sodium lignosulfonate 2 %
carboxymethylcellulose 1 %
kaolin 87 %.
The active in~redient is mi~ed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is su~sequently moistened with water. The mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air.
17. Coated granulate Compound of Examples 1-8 or Table 1 3 %
polyethylene gylcol MG 200 3 %
kaolin 94 %
The finely ground active ingredient is uniformly applied, in a mixer, to the kaolin moistened with polyethylene glycol.
Non-dusty coated granulates are obtained in this manner.
18. Suspension concentrate .
Compound of Examples 1-8 or Table 1 40 %
ethylene glycol 10 %
nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether ~15 moles of ethylene oxide) 6 %
sodium lignosulfonate 10 %
carboxymethylcellulose 1 %
37 % aqueous formaldehyde solution 0.2 %
silicone oil in the form of a 75 %
aqueous emulsion 0.8 %
water 32 %.
The finely ground active ingredient is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired concentration can be obtained by dilution with water.
1 J 625~ 8 Bio]o~ical Examples Example 19 Prcemer~ence herbicidal action (inhibition of germination) In a greenhouse, immediately after sowing seeds of test plants in seed dishes, the surface of the soil is treated with an aqueous dispersion prepared from a 10% wetta~le powder formulation o test compounds of formula I.
Concentrations of ~ kg of active ingredient per hectare are used. The seed dishes are kept in the greenhouse at 22-25C
and 50-70% relative humidity, and the test is evaluated after 3 weeks in accordance with the following rating:
1 = plants have not germinated or have completely died off 2-3 = very pronounced action 4-6 = medium action 7-8 = slight action 9 = no action (as untreated controls) Of the compounds of formula I, dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (com-pound 6) in particular is very effective in this test against the weeds Setaria and Stellaria trating 1) and Sinapis (rating 2).
Example 20: Postemergence herbicidal action (contact herbicide) The weeds to be tested are sprayed postemergence (in the ~-to 6-leaf stage) with an aqueous dispersion prepared from compounds of formula I ~ormulated as a) a 10% or b) a 25%
wettable powder or c) a 25% emulsifiable concentrate, at a rate of application of 4 kg a.i./ha. The plants are kept at 24-26C and 45-60% relative humidity. The test is evaluated 15 days later in accordance with the same rating as used in the preemergence test (Example 19).
i ~ 6~54 8 Of the compounds of formula I, in particular dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyrldyloxy)phenylphos-phonate (cornpo~md 6), dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dlchloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (cornpourld 4), dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (com-pound 1~, diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 7) and diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 9), are very effective.
Table 2 __ ~--~e--st plant Compound Formulation _ . _ ~ Solanum ! Sinapis _Setaria ~ ~ L ~ ~ ~
_ample 21: Regulation of the growth of soya bean plants a) Soya beans of the "Hark" variety are sown in plastic containers in a mixture of earth/peat/sand (6:3:1). The containers are put into a climatic chamber and the plants develop to the 5-6 trefoil leaf stage after about 5 weeks by optimum contro]. of temperature, light, fertilisation and watering. The plants are then sprayed until wet at rates of application of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.5 kg a.i./ha with an aqueous spray mixture prepared from a compound of formula I
formulated as a 25% emulsifiable concentrate. Evaluation is made about 5 weeks after application by comparing the average growth in height and the yield of harvested pods with those of untreated controls (=100%). Of the compounds of formula I, dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 1) in particular is very effective.
I 1 6~5~ 8 b) Under the same test conditions as in a), but using rates of application of 0.08 to 4 kg a.i./ha, the following results are obtained e.g. with 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonic acid (compound 3):
Table 3 kg a.i./ha0.08 0.400.80 4.00 no. of pods as ~ of controls 107119 109 98 l~ei gh t of pods as ~ of controls 119119 135 108 (controls = 100~) Exampl_ 22: Stimulation of root growth in wheat Compounds of formula I are applied in the form of aqueous dispersions prepared from a 25~/o wettable powder. The test is carried out with seeds which are sown in plastic cylinders measuring 5 x 30 cm and filled with soil (10 seeds per cylinder). The seeds are a) treated before sowing at rates of application of 4-130 mg per kg of seeds or b) are untreated and the soil is sprayed with a dispersion of the active ingredient at rates of application of 0.3 to 3 kg/ha.
The cylinders are kept under controlled conditions in a climatic chamber. AEter 10 days, the seedlings are carefully washed with water to remove the soil and the length and dry weight of the roots ~re assessed.
Of the compounds of formula I, 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonic acid (compound 3) in particular is very effective in this test.
~ ~ 625~ 8 E,xample 23: Stimulation of root growth in wheat and cotton Compounds of formula I are employed in the form of aqueous dispersions prepared from a 25% wettable powder. The test is carried out with seeds which are sown in plastic boxes measuring 5 x 35 x 60 cm and filled with soil (15 seeds per box). The seeds are treated before sowing at rates of application of 45-500 mg per kg of seeds. The boxes are kept under controlled conditions in a climatic chamber.
After 30 days, the plants are carefully washed with water to remove the soil and the length and dry weight of the roots are assessed.
Of the compo~mds of formula I, 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonic acid (compound 3) in particular is very efective in this test.
Table 4:
ng a.i./kg ~f 6eeds 45 150 500 wheat:
length expresssd as ~ of con-trols 98 107 107 weight o~pressed ~s ~ of controls 105 _ 2_ LlO
cotton:
longth cxpresscd as ~ controls122 111 122 weight expr~ssed as % of controls 105 97 129 _ . I
(controls = l008) Example 24: Action against Erysiphe graminis on barley Barley plants about 8 cm in height are sprayed with a spray mixture (0.02% of compound of formula I) prepared from a 25% emulsifiable concentrate. After 3-4 hours the plants are dusted with conidia of Erysiphe graminis. The infected barley plants are then stood in a greenhouse at about 22~C.
Evaluation of fungus attack is made 10 days later.
1 1 625~8 Of the compounds of formula I, dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-tri-fluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 1) is particularly effective in this test. Compared with untreated control plants (=100% attack), fungus attack is reduced by 80-95%-Example 25: Action against mould fungus on moist maizeDry maize grains (portions of 80 g each) are thoroughly mixed in sealable plastic beakers with an aqueous suspension prepared from a 25% wetta~le powder formulation of a com-pound of formula I. The appLication is so adjusted as to give a concentration of 0.06% of active ingredient, based on the weight of dry maize. A moistened slip of paper provides for a saturated humid atmosphere in the beakers which are filled with maize and then sealed. A mixe~ population of mould fungi develops spontaneously after incubation for 2-3 weeks at about 20C in the maize samples which have been treated only with water. The effectiveness of the test com-pounds is assessed by evaluating the degree of fung~s development after 3 weeks.
Maize samples which are free from fungus attack or which exhibit only insignificant attack are incubated for a further 2 months. A visual assessment is made after each month accordin~ to the same criteria as specified above.
Of the compounds of formula I, 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonic acid (compound 3) has a particularly pronounced fungicidal activity. Compared with untreated controls, fungus attack is reduced after 3 weeks by 80-95~/o~ after a further month also by 80-95%~ and after yet a further month still by 50-80%.
~ ~ t325~8 xampLe 26: Action a~ainst Xanthornonas oryzae in rice (~esid~lal-protective action) Three weeks after being reared in a greenhouse, rice plants of the variety "Caloro" or "S6" are sprayed at different concentrations with a spray mixture prepared from a 10% or 25% wettable powder formulation of a compound of formula I.
The spray coating is left to dry for 1 day and the plants are then put into a climatic chamber at 24 and 75-85%
relative humidity and infected by cutting off the tips of the leaves with scissors which have been dipped beforehand in a suspension of Xanthomonas oryzae. After incubation for ]0 days in the same room, the cut leaves wither, roll up and become necrotic. The effectiveness of the t`est compounds is assessed by determining the extent of these symptoms.
Of the compounds of formula I, in particular dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphos-phona~e (compound 6) and dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 4) exhibit pronounced bactericidal properties. An action of over 95% is achieved with compound 6 at a concentration of 0.02% and with compound 4 at a concentration of 0.006%. Compound 4 still has an action of 80-95% at a concentration of 0.0006%.
xample 27: Action against Xanthomon~s oryzae on rice (systemic action) Three weeks after being reared in a greenhouse, rice plants of the variety "Caloro" or "S6" are sprayed with a suspension prepared from a 25% wettable powder formulation of a compound of formula I (0.006% and 0.0006%, based on the volume of thesoil).
Three days after this treatment the plants are put into a climatic chamber at 2~C and 75-85% relative humidity and infected by cutting off the tips of the leaves with scissors which have been dipped beforehand in a suspension of Xanthomonas oryzae. After incubation for 10 days in the same 1 1 625~
room, the cut leaves wither, roll up and become necrotic.
The activity of the test compounds is assessed by determining the extent of these symptoms.
Of the compounds of formula I, dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate (compound 4~ in particular eY~hibits in this test a pronounced bactericidal activity: over 95% at a concentration oE 0.006% and 50-80%
at a concentration of 0.0006%.
Example 28: Postemergence herbicidal action (contact herbicide) The plants for testing are sprayed postemergence (in the 4-to 6-leaf stage) at a concentration of ~ kg a.i./ha with an aqueous dispersion prepared from a compound of formula II
formulated as a 25% wettable powder. The plants are then kep~
at 24-26C and 45-60~/o relative humidity. The test is evaluated 15 days later according to the following rating:
1 = plants completely withered 2-3 = very pronounced action 4-6 = medium action 7-8 = insignificant action 9 = no action (as untreated controls) Of the compounds of formula II, 1,2-dinitro-4-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)benzene (compound II-2) and 1,2-dinitro-4-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)benzene (compound II-3) exhibit an excellent herbicidal action against Phaseolus and Solanum:
Compound Phaseolus Solanum
Claims (35)
1. A compound of the formula I
(I), wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl, Y is hydrogen or halogen, one of the two substituents A and E is a phosphonate group -?(OR)2, wherein R is C1-C4alkyl or hydrogen and the other is a nitro group, or a metal salt thereof or a salt thereof with ammonium or an organic nitrogen base.
(I), wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl, Y is hydrogen or halogen, one of the two substituents A and E is a phosphonate group -?(OR)2, wherein R is C1-C4alkyl or hydrogen and the other is a nitro group, or a metal salt thereof or a salt thereof with ammonium or an organic nitrogen base.
2. A compound of the formula I according to claim 1, wherein X is chlorine or trifluoromethyl, Y is hydrogen or chlorine, one of A and E is the phosphonate group -?(OR)2, wherein R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and the other is the nitro group.
3. A compound of the formula I according to claim 1, wherein A is the phosphonate group -?(OR)2, wherein R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, E is the nitro group, and X and Y are as defined for formula I.
4. A compound of the formula I according to claim 1, wherein A is the phosphonate group -?(OR)2, wherein R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, E is the nitro group, X is chlorine or trifluoromethyl and Y is hydrogen or chlorine.
5. Dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)-phenylphosphonate according to claim 1.
6. 2-Nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonic acid according to claim 1.
7. Dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)-phenylphosphonate according to claim 1.
8. 2-Nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphos-phonic acid according to claim 1.
9. Dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethy]-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate according to claim 1.
10. Diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate according to claim 1.
11. 2-Nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)-phenylphosphonic acid according to claim 1.
12. Diethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenyl-phosphonate according to claim 1.
13. Diethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)-phenylphosphonate according to claim 1.
14. Dimethyl 2-nitro-4-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)-phenylphosphonate according to claim 1.
15. A process for the preparation of a compound of the formula I according to claim 1, whieh process comprises reacting a compound of the formula II
(II) wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl and Y is hydrogen or halogen, with a tri-alkylphosphite of the formula III
P(OR')3 (III) wherein R' is C1-C4alkyl, and, if desired, converting the resultant dialkyl phos-phonate of the formula IV
(IV) wherein X and Y are as defined for formula II, one of the two substituents A' and E' is a phosphonate group -?(OR')2, wherein R' is as defined above, and the other is a nitro group, into the corresponding free phosphonic acid, a metal salt or a salt with ammonium or with an organic nitrogen base.
(II) wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl and Y is hydrogen or halogen, with a tri-alkylphosphite of the formula III
P(OR')3 (III) wherein R' is C1-C4alkyl, and, if desired, converting the resultant dialkyl phos-phonate of the formula IV
(IV) wherein X and Y are as defined for formula II, one of the two substituents A' and E' is a phosphonate group -?(OR')2, wherein R' is as defined above, and the other is a nitro group, into the corresponding free phosphonic acid, a metal salt or a salt with ammonium or with an organic nitrogen base.
16. A process according to claim 15, which comprises reacting a compound of the formula II, which is prepared by nitration of a compound of the formula V
(V) wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl and Y is hydrogen or halogen, with a nitrating acid mixture, with a compound of the formula III.
(V) wherein X is halogen or trifluoromethyl and Y is hydrogen or halogen, with a nitrating acid mixture, with a compound of the formula III.
17. A method of controlling weeds, which method comprises applying to said weeds, to parts thereof or to the locus thereof an effective amount of a compound of the formula I according to claim 1.
18. A method according to claim 17, wherein dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate is applied.
19. A method of regulating plant growth, which comprises applying to plants, to parts thereof or to the locus thereof, an effective amount of a com-pound of the formula I according to claim 1.
20. A method according to claim 19 for regulating the growth of cultivated plants, which comprises applying to said plants an effective amount of a compound of the formula I.
21. A method according to claim 20 for regulating the growth of leguminosae.
22. A method according to claim 21 for regulating the growth of soya beans.
23. A method according to claim 22, wherein dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-triflu-oromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate is applied.
24. A method according to claim 19 for stimulating the root growth of cul-tivated plants, which comprises applying to said plants an effective amount of a compound of the formula I according to claim 1.
25. A method according to claim 24 for stimulating the root growth of cere-als.
26. A method according to claim 25 for stimulating the root growth of wheat.
27. A method according to claim 24 for stimulating the root growth of cot-ton plants.
28. A method according to claim 24, wherein 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonic acid is applied.
29. A method according to claim 24, wherein 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-dichloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonic acid is applied.
30. A method of controlling phytopathogenic fungi, which comprises applying to plants or to parts thereof an effective amount of a compound of the formula I
according to claim 1.
according to claim 1.
31. A method according to claim 30, wherein dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(5'-triflu-oromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate is applied.
32. A method according to claim 30, wherein 2-nitro-5-(5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonic acid is applied.
33. A method of controlling phytopathogenic bacteria, which comprises apply-ing to plants or to parts thereof an effective amount of a compound of the formula I according to claim 1.
34. A method according to claim 33, wherein dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3',5'-di-chloro-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate is applied.
35. A method according to claim 33, wherein dimethyl 2-nitro-5-(3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-2'-pyridyloxy)phenylphosphonate is applied.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000406918A CA1162548A (en) | 1982-07-08 | 1982-07-08 | Derivatives of 2-nitro-4- or -5-pyridyloxyphenylphos- phonic acid, the preparation thereof, the use thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000406918A CA1162548A (en) | 1982-07-08 | 1982-07-08 | Derivatives of 2-nitro-4- or -5-pyridyloxyphenylphos- phonic acid, the preparation thereof, the use thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1162548A true CA1162548A (en) | 1984-02-21 |
Family
ID=4123178
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000406918A Expired CA1162548A (en) | 1982-07-08 | 1982-07-08 | Derivatives of 2-nitro-4- or -5-pyridyloxyphenylphos- phonic acid, the preparation thereof, the use thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1162548A (en) |
-
1982
- 1982-07-08 CA CA000406918A patent/CA1162548A/en not_active Expired
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