CA1161248A - Outer sole structure for athletic shoe - Google Patents
Outer sole structure for athletic shoeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1161248A CA1161248A CA000421161A CA421161A CA1161248A CA 1161248 A CA1161248 A CA 1161248A CA 000421161 A CA000421161 A CA 000421161A CA 421161 A CA421161 A CA 421161A CA 1161248 A CA1161248 A CA 1161248A
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- cleats
- sole
- toe
- base
- ball
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Abstract
OUTER SOLE STRUCTURE FOR ATHLETIC SHOE
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A general purpose athletic shoe is described in which an outer sole is provided with integrally molded cleats of two different types. The cleats of the first type are disposed around the periphery of the sole and the cleats of the second type are primarily disposed in the remaining portions of the sole. The second cleats are generally conical in shape and extend outwardly from the sole to about half the height of the first cleats. Each of the first cleats has three sur-faces extending outward from a major exterior surface of the outer sole to a flat crown which is parallel to the major ex-terior surface. Two of the three outwardly extending surfaces of each of the first cleats take the form of essentially flat surfaces oriented generally perpendicular to the major exterior surface and the remaining outwardly extending surface is a par-tial conical surface which tapers so that the first cleats are widest at their junction with the outer sole and narrowest at the crown. One of the essentially flat surfaces of each of the first cleats is generally transversely oriented with respect to the sole and the other essentially flat surface is aligned with the contour of the adjacent edge of the sole.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A general purpose athletic shoe is described in which an outer sole is provided with integrally molded cleats of two different types. The cleats of the first type are disposed around the periphery of the sole and the cleats of the second type are primarily disposed in the remaining portions of the sole. The second cleats are generally conical in shape and extend outwardly from the sole to about half the height of the first cleats. Each of the first cleats has three sur-faces extending outward from a major exterior surface of the outer sole to a flat crown which is parallel to the major ex-terior surface. Two of the three outwardly extending surfaces of each of the first cleats take the form of essentially flat surfaces oriented generally perpendicular to the major exterior surface and the remaining outwardly extending surface is a par-tial conical surface which tapers so that the first cleats are widest at their junction with the outer sole and narrowest at the crown. One of the essentially flat surfaces of each of the first cleats is generally transversely oriented with respect to the sole and the other essentially flat surface is aligned with the contour of the adjacent edge of the sole.
Description
~ 16124~
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains generally to cleated athletic shoes and more particularly to an improved arrange-ment and structure of cleats integrally molded with the outer sole of the shoe.
The prior art includes numerous examples of cleating arrangements on the sole of athletic shoes. In most cases, the cleats on a particular sole are of a uni~orm shape, whereas, in some cases, cleats of more than one type are provided. U. S. Patent No. 3,988,840, of Robert P.
Minihane, issued November 2, 1976, is an example of a sole structure having cleats of two different types including uniformly spaced frustoconical cleats in the ball and heel areas and spaced peripheral cleats at the edges of the sole. In accordance with an important aspect of the Minihane patent, the peripheral cleats are shorter than the frustoconical cleats. The sole described by the Minihane patent was specifically designed for use on artificial turf and it was noted that the design of a sole for use on a natural surface is not necessarily the best design for use on a synthetic surface.
It would be desira~le to provide a cleated sole structure which performs well on both synthetic and natural surfaces and yet is li~ht in weight, durable, and inexpensive to fabricate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to one aspect of this invention there is provided a sole for an a-thletic shoe, comprisin~ an outer sole member of a resilient polymeric material having a base and plurality of integrally molded first and second cleats extending outwardly from the base, the sole member including a toe portion, a ball portion, an arch portion and a heel porti.on correspondingly posi.tioned with respect to the toe, ball, arch and heel of the human foot, the base having arcuate inside and outside edgës correspondingly positioned wi.th respect to the inside and outside edges of the human foot, the first cleats being peripherally disposed along the inside and outside edges of the base primarily in the toe, ball and heel portions, the second cleats being disposed in a generally uniformly spaced arrangement throughout at least the areas of the toe r ball and heel portions not occupied by the first cleats, the first cleat being greater in height than the second cleats, each of the first cleats having an essentially flat crown lying generally parallel to the base and further having at least a first essentially flat surface lying adjacent to the proximate edge of the base, the flat surface being generally perpendicular to the base and aligned with the proximate edge of the base.
By way of added explanation, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention, an athletic shoe is pro-vided with a sole structure and two types of inte~rallymolded cleats. A plural.ity of first cleats are peripheral-ly disposed along curved edges oE the sole and a plurality of second cleats are disposed intermediate the first cleats in a generally uniform pattern primarily in the toe, ball and heel portions. The fixst cleats are greater in height than the second cleats. Each of the first cleats has at least one essentially flat surface and one taper-ing surface extending outwardly from a major exterior surface of the sole to an essentially flat crown which forms the weight-bearing surface of each of the first cleats~ The flat outwardly extending surface of each of the first cleats forms a peripheral face of each such cleats and conforms to the curved cont:our of the adjacent edge of the sole. The tapering surface forms, at leastin part, -2a-a forward facing surface of each first cleat. Each first cleat preferably also includes another essentially flat surface which is perpendicular to the major exterior surface and forms the rearward face of each such cleat.
One advantaye of the inventive sole structure is the excellent longitudinal stability provided as the heel, ball and toe of the sole strike the turf, particularly during rapid longitudinal acceleration and deceleration movemen-ts, due primarily to the effect of the forward facing portions of the tapering surfaces diffusing some of the shock of initial contact of the respective portions of the sole with the turf, before the gripping action of the pointed second cleat takes effect.
Another advantage is the excellent lateral traction provided during quick lateral movements ~changing directions) due primarily to the effect of the essentially flat peripheral ~ace of each of the first cleats engaging relatively large surface areas of turf at the edges of the sole.
Yet another advantage is the excellen-t forward acceleration derived from the flat rearward faces of each of the first cleats ln the toe and ball portions of the sole engaging relatively large surface areas of turf with each step taken during the forward propulsion phase of running.
A further advantage of -the invention is the tendency of the preferred sole structure hereinafter des-cribed to reduce common leg injuries by virtue of -the slightly delayed gripping ac-tion which occurs upon plan-ting the foo-t.
~B~4~
The presently pre~erred way of carryin~ out the invention and various inherent advantages thereof will become apparent from the following description of two illustrative embodiments thereof when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Fig. 1 is a side elevation view of an athletic shoe having a cleated sole structure in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention looking at the outside edge of the sole.
Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the shoe of Fig.
1 showing a first preferred arrangement of cleats on the sole.
Fig. 3 is an enlar~ed fragmentary cross-section taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a bo-ttom plan view similar to Fig. 2 showing a cleated solè structure in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention wherein a second preferred arrangement of cleats is employed.
Fig. 5 is a fragmentary bottom plan view showing a modified arrangement of rearmost peripheral cleats.
The various parts in each of the figures are drawn essentially to scale.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to Fig. 1, an athletic shoe in accordance with the present invention is illustrated and designa-ted generally by reference numeral 10. The shoe 10 includes an essentially conventional shoe upper 12 which is joined to a multi-layered sole assembly includin~ a cleated outer sole 14 and a heel lift sole layer 16. I-t will be appreciated that the sole construction also includes a J
1 ~ ~1248 cushioning inner sole which has not been specifically illustrated inasmuch as its features bear no particular relationship to the present invention. It will also be appreciated that the sole layers 14 and 16 can be integrally formed as a single unit rather than being provided separately as in the present example. The cleated outer sole 14 comprises a relatively hard rubber or other moldable, resilient, polymeric material which is highly resistant to wear and abusive treatment. The sole 14 includes a base 18 having a major exterior surface 20, outwardly from which a plurality of cleats of two different types extend.
Referring now to Fig. 2, a first preferred structure and arrangement of cleats will be described. The sole l~ can be considered to consist of four functionally distinct areas defined along the length of the shoe 10.
The functionally distinct areas consist of a toe area 22, a ball area 24, an arch area 26, and a hee~ area 28. The cleats include relatively large cleats disposed along the periphery of the base 18 and smaller conical cleats dis-posed in a generally uniformly spaced array in the portions of the base 18 not occupied by the large peripheral cleats, except for an optional clea~less region in the arch 26.
Since cleats in the arch area 26 are only of minimal benefit, this area is ideal for placement of a trademark logo or the like. The cleatless region serves this purpose.
The relatively large peripheral cleats are designated by reference numeral 30 with appended let-ters being used to distinguish among cleats a-t different posi-tions. The smaller conical cleats, of which only some are designated by reference numeral 32 for clarity of 4 ~
illustration, are uniform in sizeO The.base 18 of the sole has a curved border portion 34 around the entire periphery including arcuate inside and outside edges 36 and 33. The peripheral cleats 30 preferably are disposed in groups of four in each of the toe 22, ball 24 and heel 28 portions of the sole 14 in order to provide four-point stability in each such portion. For example, two cleats 30a and 30b are disposed along the outside edge 38 within the toe portion 22 and two cleats 30h and 30i are disposed along the inside edge 36 within the toe portion 22, corresponding cleats preferably bei.ng positioned in a s~aced balanced manner on opposite sides of the sole 14 as shown. In order to increase the lateral stability of the sole 10 while making quick turns, an additional large cleat 30e is optionally provided along the outside edge 38 at the interface of the arch and heel portions 26 and 28.
With particular reference to Fig. 3, ~arious prefexred detailed features of the cleats will now ~e described. It will be appreciated from this sectional view that the various cleats 30 and 32 are integrally molded with the base 18, providing excellent integrity and durability. The larger cleats 30 extend outwa.rdly.to about twice the height of the smaller cleats 32. The height "~" of each of the larger cleats 30 is preferably about 7/16 inch and the height "Y" of the smaller cleats 32 is preferably about 7/32 inch. The smaller cleats 32 are generally conical in shape with a slightly rounded outer tip. The larger cleats 30 assume the general shape of a section of a frustum, as will be appreciated best from the view of Fi~. 2. Each cleat 30 has a conical sur~ace, only some of which are designa-ted by reference numeral 40 for sake o~ clarity. Each cleat 30 also has three essentially flat sur~aces consisting of a peripheral verical surface 42, a rearward vertical surface 44, and a horizontal surface or crown 46. The essen-tially flat surfaces 42, 44 and 46 intersec-t at a point which defines a gripping corner 48 at the periphery of the sole 14.
"Essentiall~ flat" as used herein is intended to include a slightly curved surface, such as the surfaces 42 on the rearmost cleats 30g and 30n. As seen in Fig. 2, each peripheral surface 42 conforms to the curved contour of the adjacent edge of -the base 18. ~ll of the essentially flat vertlcal surfaces 42 and 44 preferably lie in planes which are perpendicular to the major exterior surface 20 of the base 18~ All of the rearward vertical surfaces 44 of this embodiment lie in parallel planes which are generally transversely oriented with respect -to the sole 14. Since the various peripheral vertical surfaces 42 are aligned with the proximate portion of the respective adjacent edge 36 or 38, the flat vertical surfaces 42 and 44 on each cleat 30 will define various different angles, as is apparent from the view of Fig. 2. In particular, all of the cleats 30 in the toe portion 22, cleat 30c in the ball portion 24, the odd cleat 30e, and cleats 30f and 30m in the heel portion 28 exhibit various acute angles.
Cleats 30d, 30j and 30k in the ball portion 24 and cleats 30g and 30n in the heel portion 28 have sur~aces 42 and 44 which intersect to form various ob-tuse angles.
Re~erring now to Fig. 4, a second pre~erred s-truc-ture and arrangemen-t o~ cleats will be described. The same re~erence numerals employed with the previousl~
described embodimen-t oE Figs. 1-3 ar~ repea-ted on similar par-ts in the embodiment oE Fig. 4. The t~o embodiments ~ ~ 8312~
differ in the manner in which the cleats are positioned in the toe and ball areas 22 and 24. Those skilled in -the art will appreciate that it is typical for shoes other than straight lasted shoes to have ~wo longitudinal axes. As depicted in Fig. 4, the shoe has a rearfoot longitudinal axis Ll bisecting the heel area 28 and a forefoot longitu-dinal axis L2 bisecting the toe and the ball areas 22 and 24.
It will be readily apparent that the large peri-pheral cleats 30 in the toe and ball areas 22 and 24 of the sole of Fig. 4 are provided in transversely balanced pairs straddling the forefoot longitudinal axis L2. For example, cleat 30a is aligned with respect to cleat 30h so that the rearward vertical surfaces 44 of each lie in a single plane that is perpendicular to the L2 axis. The samerelationship with respect to the L2 axis exists for the other pairs of cleats (30b and 30i; 30c and 30j; 30d and 30k) in the toe and ball areas 22 and 24 of the sole of Fig. ~. A similar relationship with respect to the rear-foot longitudinal a~is Ll exists for the pairs of cleats~30f and 30m; 30g and 30n) in the heel area 28.
Referring again to Fig. 2, it will be seen that all of cleats 30 are positioned with their flat rearward surfaces 44 in planes that are perpendicular to the rear-foot longitudinal axis Ll. It is believed that theparticular running style of the athlete will determine which of the two preferred sole embodiments herein described will be most preferable. Athletes who employ long straight running strides migh-t favor the embodiment of ~ig. 2 whereas athletes who employ short quick running strides with their -toes pointing slightly outward might favor the embodiment of Fig. ~. It will of course be appreciated ~612~
that the particular sporting event will have a bearing on the style employed by the athlete and thus also on his preference between the two sole embodiments. It is anti-cipated that soccer players will prefer the embodiment of S Fig. 2 and that football players will prefer the embodiment of Fig. 4.
From the foregoing description of the two preferred embodiments herein described, it will be apparent that the sole structure of the present invention afords many advantages. The athletic shoe 10 with either preferred sole will perform particularly well in activities requiring the user to make abrupt turns in various directions.
~ccordingly, the inven-tion is particularly use~ul in football, soccer and similar sporting activities. Excellent lateral traction is provided while making abrupt turns primarily by the flat peripheral surfaces 42 at the edges o~ the sole 14 engaging relatively large surace areas of turf. The gripping corners 48 are useful for digging deep into natural turf, particularly when wet. Excellent for-ward propulsion is provided by the flat rearward surfaces44, par-ticularly those on the cleats 30 in the toe and ball portions 22 and ~4 of the sole 14, which dig in and work against relatively large areas of tur. Excellent control during deceleration (while stopping) and during abrupt turns is provided by the tapered or conical surfaces 40, which soften the shock of impact with the turf. The conical surfaces 40, particularly the orward facing portions thereof, allow the sole 14 to glide slightly a-t initial impact with the turf until the penetration is sufficien-t for the conical cleats 32 to obtain good gripping action in the -turf. In ef~ect, a slightly delayed 1 ~ 6~
gripping action is ach`ieved, thus reducing the shock on the foot, ankle and lower leg of the athlete. It is believed that the foregoing features of -the sole 14 not only provide many improvements in performance but also tend to reduce the commonly occurring leg injuries.
In accordance with an important feature of the present invention, the preferred sole structures described above perform extremely well both on synthetic and natural surfaces. It should be apparent to -those skilled in the art that the relatively large, sharp-cornered, peripheral cleats 30 will readily penetrate natural turf to provide excellent traction. With regard to synthetic turf, however, a unique cooperation between the large peripheral cleats 30 and the small conical cleats 32 takes effect. It will be appreciated that a resilient, compressible cushion or pad underlies the top layer of synthetic turf. The large cleats 30 deform this underlying pad around the periphery of the sole when the foot is planted causin~ the grass-like synthetic surface to be driven up within the interior spaces of the sole where contact is made with the small conical cleats 32. In effect, the top layer of synthetic turf becomes mechanically locked within the peripheral cleats 30 and the resiliency of the underlying pad forces the top layer of synthetic turf in-to frictional engagement with the small conical clea~s 32. The relatively large surface area provided by the many small conical cleats 32 greatly increases the coefficient of friction between the sole and the synthetic turf, thereby greatly increasing traction.
Referring to Fig. 5, a modifica-tion which can be applied to either of the two previously described sole embodiments will now be described. The rearmost cleats 30g and 30n are each arranged so that a flat vertical surface 44' forms the forward (instead of the rearward) face of the cleat. The conical surfaces 40l face rearward and inward.
Other features of the cleats 30g and 30n are similar to their previously described counterparts. The flat forward facing surfaces 44' are intended to achieve faster stopping action as the heel is planted. It is believed that this feature might be preferred by some football players who desire to make quick stopping or turning movements. It will be appreciated that the surfaces 44' will dig in and engage relatively large surface areas of turf as the heel is planted thereby assisting in making a quick stop.
Although two preferred embodiments of the invention and a modification thereof have been described in detail, it will be appreciated that various other alternative embodiments and modifications thereof are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains generally to cleated athletic shoes and more particularly to an improved arrange-ment and structure of cleats integrally molded with the outer sole of the shoe.
The prior art includes numerous examples of cleating arrangements on the sole of athletic shoes. In most cases, the cleats on a particular sole are of a uni~orm shape, whereas, in some cases, cleats of more than one type are provided. U. S. Patent No. 3,988,840, of Robert P.
Minihane, issued November 2, 1976, is an example of a sole structure having cleats of two different types including uniformly spaced frustoconical cleats in the ball and heel areas and spaced peripheral cleats at the edges of the sole. In accordance with an important aspect of the Minihane patent, the peripheral cleats are shorter than the frustoconical cleats. The sole described by the Minihane patent was specifically designed for use on artificial turf and it was noted that the design of a sole for use on a natural surface is not necessarily the best design for use on a synthetic surface.
It would be desira~le to provide a cleated sole structure which performs well on both synthetic and natural surfaces and yet is li~ht in weight, durable, and inexpensive to fabricate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to one aspect of this invention there is provided a sole for an a-thletic shoe, comprisin~ an outer sole member of a resilient polymeric material having a base and plurality of integrally molded first and second cleats extending outwardly from the base, the sole member including a toe portion, a ball portion, an arch portion and a heel porti.on correspondingly posi.tioned with respect to the toe, ball, arch and heel of the human foot, the base having arcuate inside and outside edgës correspondingly positioned wi.th respect to the inside and outside edges of the human foot, the first cleats being peripherally disposed along the inside and outside edges of the base primarily in the toe, ball and heel portions, the second cleats being disposed in a generally uniformly spaced arrangement throughout at least the areas of the toe r ball and heel portions not occupied by the first cleats, the first cleat being greater in height than the second cleats, each of the first cleats having an essentially flat crown lying generally parallel to the base and further having at least a first essentially flat surface lying adjacent to the proximate edge of the base, the flat surface being generally perpendicular to the base and aligned with the proximate edge of the base.
By way of added explanation, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention, an athletic shoe is pro-vided with a sole structure and two types of inte~rallymolded cleats. A plural.ity of first cleats are peripheral-ly disposed along curved edges oE the sole and a plurality of second cleats are disposed intermediate the first cleats in a generally uniform pattern primarily in the toe, ball and heel portions. The fixst cleats are greater in height than the second cleats. Each of the first cleats has at least one essentially flat surface and one taper-ing surface extending outwardly from a major exterior surface of the sole to an essentially flat crown which forms the weight-bearing surface of each of the first cleats~ The flat outwardly extending surface of each of the first cleats forms a peripheral face of each such cleats and conforms to the curved cont:our of the adjacent edge of the sole. The tapering surface forms, at leastin part, -2a-a forward facing surface of each first cleat. Each first cleat preferably also includes another essentially flat surface which is perpendicular to the major exterior surface and forms the rearward face of each such cleat.
One advantaye of the inventive sole structure is the excellent longitudinal stability provided as the heel, ball and toe of the sole strike the turf, particularly during rapid longitudinal acceleration and deceleration movemen-ts, due primarily to the effect of the forward facing portions of the tapering surfaces diffusing some of the shock of initial contact of the respective portions of the sole with the turf, before the gripping action of the pointed second cleat takes effect.
Another advantage is the excellent lateral traction provided during quick lateral movements ~changing directions) due primarily to the effect of the essentially flat peripheral ~ace of each of the first cleats engaging relatively large surface areas of turf at the edges of the sole.
Yet another advantage is the excellen-t forward acceleration derived from the flat rearward faces of each of the first cleats ln the toe and ball portions of the sole engaging relatively large surface areas of turf with each step taken during the forward propulsion phase of running.
A further advantage of -the invention is the tendency of the preferred sole structure hereinafter des-cribed to reduce common leg injuries by virtue of -the slightly delayed gripping ac-tion which occurs upon plan-ting the foo-t.
~B~4~
The presently pre~erred way of carryin~ out the invention and various inherent advantages thereof will become apparent from the following description of two illustrative embodiments thereof when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Fig. 1 is a side elevation view of an athletic shoe having a cleated sole structure in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention looking at the outside edge of the sole.
Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the shoe of Fig.
1 showing a first preferred arrangement of cleats on the sole.
Fig. 3 is an enlar~ed fragmentary cross-section taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a bo-ttom plan view similar to Fig. 2 showing a cleated solè structure in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention wherein a second preferred arrangement of cleats is employed.
Fig. 5 is a fragmentary bottom plan view showing a modified arrangement of rearmost peripheral cleats.
The various parts in each of the figures are drawn essentially to scale.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to Fig. 1, an athletic shoe in accordance with the present invention is illustrated and designa-ted generally by reference numeral 10. The shoe 10 includes an essentially conventional shoe upper 12 which is joined to a multi-layered sole assembly includin~ a cleated outer sole 14 and a heel lift sole layer 16. I-t will be appreciated that the sole construction also includes a J
1 ~ ~1248 cushioning inner sole which has not been specifically illustrated inasmuch as its features bear no particular relationship to the present invention. It will also be appreciated that the sole layers 14 and 16 can be integrally formed as a single unit rather than being provided separately as in the present example. The cleated outer sole 14 comprises a relatively hard rubber or other moldable, resilient, polymeric material which is highly resistant to wear and abusive treatment. The sole 14 includes a base 18 having a major exterior surface 20, outwardly from which a plurality of cleats of two different types extend.
Referring now to Fig. 2, a first preferred structure and arrangement of cleats will be described. The sole l~ can be considered to consist of four functionally distinct areas defined along the length of the shoe 10.
The functionally distinct areas consist of a toe area 22, a ball area 24, an arch area 26, and a hee~ area 28. The cleats include relatively large cleats disposed along the periphery of the base 18 and smaller conical cleats dis-posed in a generally uniformly spaced array in the portions of the base 18 not occupied by the large peripheral cleats, except for an optional clea~less region in the arch 26.
Since cleats in the arch area 26 are only of minimal benefit, this area is ideal for placement of a trademark logo or the like. The cleatless region serves this purpose.
The relatively large peripheral cleats are designated by reference numeral 30 with appended let-ters being used to distinguish among cleats a-t different posi-tions. The smaller conical cleats, of which only some are designated by reference numeral 32 for clarity of 4 ~
illustration, are uniform in sizeO The.base 18 of the sole has a curved border portion 34 around the entire periphery including arcuate inside and outside edges 36 and 33. The peripheral cleats 30 preferably are disposed in groups of four in each of the toe 22, ball 24 and heel 28 portions of the sole 14 in order to provide four-point stability in each such portion. For example, two cleats 30a and 30b are disposed along the outside edge 38 within the toe portion 22 and two cleats 30h and 30i are disposed along the inside edge 36 within the toe portion 22, corresponding cleats preferably bei.ng positioned in a s~aced balanced manner on opposite sides of the sole 14 as shown. In order to increase the lateral stability of the sole 10 while making quick turns, an additional large cleat 30e is optionally provided along the outside edge 38 at the interface of the arch and heel portions 26 and 28.
With particular reference to Fig. 3, ~arious prefexred detailed features of the cleats will now ~e described. It will be appreciated from this sectional view that the various cleats 30 and 32 are integrally molded with the base 18, providing excellent integrity and durability. The larger cleats 30 extend outwa.rdly.to about twice the height of the smaller cleats 32. The height "~" of each of the larger cleats 30 is preferably about 7/16 inch and the height "Y" of the smaller cleats 32 is preferably about 7/32 inch. The smaller cleats 32 are generally conical in shape with a slightly rounded outer tip. The larger cleats 30 assume the general shape of a section of a frustum, as will be appreciated best from the view of Fi~. 2. Each cleat 30 has a conical sur~ace, only some of which are designa-ted by reference numeral 40 for sake o~ clarity. Each cleat 30 also has three essentially flat sur~aces consisting of a peripheral verical surface 42, a rearward vertical surface 44, and a horizontal surface or crown 46. The essen-tially flat surfaces 42, 44 and 46 intersec-t at a point which defines a gripping corner 48 at the periphery of the sole 14.
"Essentiall~ flat" as used herein is intended to include a slightly curved surface, such as the surfaces 42 on the rearmost cleats 30g and 30n. As seen in Fig. 2, each peripheral surface 42 conforms to the curved contour of the adjacent edge of -the base 18. ~ll of the essentially flat vertlcal surfaces 42 and 44 preferably lie in planes which are perpendicular to the major exterior surface 20 of the base 18~ All of the rearward vertical surfaces 44 of this embodiment lie in parallel planes which are generally transversely oriented with respect -to the sole 14. Since the various peripheral vertical surfaces 42 are aligned with the proximate portion of the respective adjacent edge 36 or 38, the flat vertical surfaces 42 and 44 on each cleat 30 will define various different angles, as is apparent from the view of Fig. 2. In particular, all of the cleats 30 in the toe portion 22, cleat 30c in the ball portion 24, the odd cleat 30e, and cleats 30f and 30m in the heel portion 28 exhibit various acute angles.
Cleats 30d, 30j and 30k in the ball portion 24 and cleats 30g and 30n in the heel portion 28 have sur~aces 42 and 44 which intersect to form various ob-tuse angles.
Re~erring now to Fig. 4, a second pre~erred s-truc-ture and arrangemen-t o~ cleats will be described. The same re~erence numerals employed with the previousl~
described embodimen-t oE Figs. 1-3 ar~ repea-ted on similar par-ts in the embodiment oE Fig. 4. The t~o embodiments ~ ~ 8312~
differ in the manner in which the cleats are positioned in the toe and ball areas 22 and 24. Those skilled in -the art will appreciate that it is typical for shoes other than straight lasted shoes to have ~wo longitudinal axes. As depicted in Fig. 4, the shoe has a rearfoot longitudinal axis Ll bisecting the heel area 28 and a forefoot longitu-dinal axis L2 bisecting the toe and the ball areas 22 and 24.
It will be readily apparent that the large peri-pheral cleats 30 in the toe and ball areas 22 and 24 of the sole of Fig. 4 are provided in transversely balanced pairs straddling the forefoot longitudinal axis L2. For example, cleat 30a is aligned with respect to cleat 30h so that the rearward vertical surfaces 44 of each lie in a single plane that is perpendicular to the L2 axis. The samerelationship with respect to the L2 axis exists for the other pairs of cleats (30b and 30i; 30c and 30j; 30d and 30k) in the toe and ball areas 22 and 24 of the sole of Fig. ~. A similar relationship with respect to the rear-foot longitudinal a~is Ll exists for the pairs of cleats~30f and 30m; 30g and 30n) in the heel area 28.
Referring again to Fig. 2, it will be seen that all of cleats 30 are positioned with their flat rearward surfaces 44 in planes that are perpendicular to the rear-foot longitudinal axis Ll. It is believed that theparticular running style of the athlete will determine which of the two preferred sole embodiments herein described will be most preferable. Athletes who employ long straight running strides migh-t favor the embodiment of ~ig. 2 whereas athletes who employ short quick running strides with their -toes pointing slightly outward might favor the embodiment of Fig. ~. It will of course be appreciated ~612~
that the particular sporting event will have a bearing on the style employed by the athlete and thus also on his preference between the two sole embodiments. It is anti-cipated that soccer players will prefer the embodiment of S Fig. 2 and that football players will prefer the embodiment of Fig. 4.
From the foregoing description of the two preferred embodiments herein described, it will be apparent that the sole structure of the present invention afords many advantages. The athletic shoe 10 with either preferred sole will perform particularly well in activities requiring the user to make abrupt turns in various directions.
~ccordingly, the inven-tion is particularly use~ul in football, soccer and similar sporting activities. Excellent lateral traction is provided while making abrupt turns primarily by the flat peripheral surfaces 42 at the edges o~ the sole 14 engaging relatively large surace areas of turf. The gripping corners 48 are useful for digging deep into natural turf, particularly when wet. Excellent for-ward propulsion is provided by the flat rearward surfaces44, par-ticularly those on the cleats 30 in the toe and ball portions 22 and ~4 of the sole 14, which dig in and work against relatively large areas of tur. Excellent control during deceleration (while stopping) and during abrupt turns is provided by the tapered or conical surfaces 40, which soften the shock of impact with the turf. The conical surfaces 40, particularly the orward facing portions thereof, allow the sole 14 to glide slightly a-t initial impact with the turf until the penetration is sufficien-t for the conical cleats 32 to obtain good gripping action in the -turf. In ef~ect, a slightly delayed 1 ~ 6~
gripping action is ach`ieved, thus reducing the shock on the foot, ankle and lower leg of the athlete. It is believed that the foregoing features of -the sole 14 not only provide many improvements in performance but also tend to reduce the commonly occurring leg injuries.
In accordance with an important feature of the present invention, the preferred sole structures described above perform extremely well both on synthetic and natural surfaces. It should be apparent to -those skilled in the art that the relatively large, sharp-cornered, peripheral cleats 30 will readily penetrate natural turf to provide excellent traction. With regard to synthetic turf, however, a unique cooperation between the large peripheral cleats 30 and the small conical cleats 32 takes effect. It will be appreciated that a resilient, compressible cushion or pad underlies the top layer of synthetic turf. The large cleats 30 deform this underlying pad around the periphery of the sole when the foot is planted causin~ the grass-like synthetic surface to be driven up within the interior spaces of the sole where contact is made with the small conical cleats 32. In effect, the top layer of synthetic turf becomes mechanically locked within the peripheral cleats 30 and the resiliency of the underlying pad forces the top layer of synthetic turf in-to frictional engagement with the small conical clea~s 32. The relatively large surface area provided by the many small conical cleats 32 greatly increases the coefficient of friction between the sole and the synthetic turf, thereby greatly increasing traction.
Referring to Fig. 5, a modifica-tion which can be applied to either of the two previously described sole embodiments will now be described. The rearmost cleats 30g and 30n are each arranged so that a flat vertical surface 44' forms the forward (instead of the rearward) face of the cleat. The conical surfaces 40l face rearward and inward.
Other features of the cleats 30g and 30n are similar to their previously described counterparts. The flat forward facing surfaces 44' are intended to achieve faster stopping action as the heel is planted. It is believed that this feature might be preferred by some football players who desire to make quick stopping or turning movements. It will be appreciated that the surfaces 44' will dig in and engage relatively large surface areas of turf as the heel is planted thereby assisting in making a quick stop.
Although two preferred embodiments of the invention and a modification thereof have been described in detail, it will be appreciated that various other alternative embodiments and modifications thereof are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A sole for an athletic shoe, comprising an outer sole member of a resilient polymeric material having a base and plurality of integrally molded first and second cleats extending outwardly from the base/ the sole member including a toe portion, a ball portion, an arch portion and a heel portion correspondingly positioned with respect to the toe, ball, arch and heel of the human foot, the base having arcuate inside and outside edges correspondingly positioned with respect to the inside and outside edges of the human foot, the first cleats being peripherally disposed along the inside and outside edges of the base primarily in the toe, ball and heel portions, the second cleats being disposed in a generally uniformly spaced arrangement throughout at least the areas of the toe, ball and heel portions not occupied by the first cleats, the first cleat being greater in height than the second cleats, each of the first cleats having an essentially flat crown lying generally parallel to the base and further having at least a first essentially flat surface lying adjacent to the proximate edge of the base, the flat surface being generally perpendicular to the base and aligned with the proximate edge of the base.
2. The sole of claim 1 wherein each of the first cleats also has a tapered surface of largest dimension at the base and extending to the crown, the tapered surface providing at least in part a forward facing portion of the respective cleat.
3. The sole of claim 1 wherein the plurality of first cleats includes four cleats in each of the toe, ball and heel portions positioned in balanced pairs on opposite sides of a longitudinal axis of the sole, whereby four-point stability is provided in each of the toe, ball and heel portions of the sole.
4. The sole of claim 1 wherein each first cleat has a second essentially flat surface lying in a plane substan-tially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the sole, the first and second flat surfaces and the flat crown intersecting to provide each first cleat with a gripping corner at the periphery of the sole.
5. The sole of claim 4 wherein the inside and outside edges follow a curved contour corresponding generally to the curved outline of the human foot such that the respective first and second flat surfaces on some of the first cleats form acute angles at their intersection and the respective first and second flat surfaces on other of the first cleats form obtuse angles at their inter-section.
6. The sole of claim 1 wherein a first longitudinal axis bisects the heel portion and a second longitudinal axis bisects the toe and ball portions, the axes being nonparallel, the first cleats in the heel portion being provided in transversely balanced pairs straddling the first longitudinal axis and the first cleats in the toe and ball portions being provided in transversely balanced pairs straddling the second longitudinal axis.
7. The sole of claim 6 wherein each first cleat has a second essentially flat surface lying generally perpen-dicular to the base, the second essentially flat surfaces of cleats in the heel portion lying in planes which are substantially perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis and the second essentially flat surfaces of cleats in the toe and ball portions lying in planes which are substantially perpendicular to the second longitudinal axis.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000421161A CA1161248A (en) | 1980-01-17 | 1983-02-08 | Outer sole structure for athletic shoe |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/112,842 US4327503A (en) | 1980-01-17 | 1980-01-17 | Outer sole structure for athletic shoe |
| CA000368675A CA1156830A (en) | 1980-01-17 | 1981-01-16 | Outer sole structure for athletic shoe |
| CA000421161A CA1161248A (en) | 1980-01-17 | 1983-02-08 | Outer sole structure for athletic shoe |
| US112,842 | 1987-10-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1161248A true CA1161248A (en) | 1984-01-31 |
Family
ID=27166938
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000421161A Expired CA1161248A (en) | 1980-01-17 | 1983-02-08 | Outer sole structure for athletic shoe |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1161248A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5465506A (en) * | 1994-01-19 | 1995-11-14 | Karhu Usa Inc. | Sandal fastening system |
-
1983
- 1983-02-08 CA CA000421161A patent/CA1161248A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5465506A (en) * | 1994-01-19 | 1995-11-14 | Karhu Usa Inc. | Sandal fastening system |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |