CA1159047A - Rotary drill bit for deep-well drilling - Google Patents
Rotary drill bit for deep-well drillingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1159047A CA1159047A CA000388126A CA388126A CA1159047A CA 1159047 A CA1159047 A CA 1159047A CA 000388126 A CA000388126 A CA 000388126A CA 388126 A CA388126 A CA 388126A CA 1159047 A CA1159047 A CA 1159047A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cutting
- cutting elements
- face
- drill bit
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 246
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- ODPOAESBSUKMHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-b:1',2'-e]pyrazine-5,8-diium;dibromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].C1=CC=[N+]2CC[N+]3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 ODPOAESBSUKMHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005630 Diquat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150007148 THI5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
- E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
- E21B10/5673—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts having a non planar or non circular cutting face
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
- E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Drilling Tools (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT: ROTARY DRILL BIT FOR DEEP-WELL DRILLING
1. A rotary drill bit for deep-well drilling, consisting of a body member 1, a threaded pin 2, for connection to a drilling string or the like rotary drive and a head which is provided with cutting elements which extend from the base region of the head into its central region and are combined, in groups in the form of rows or strips, as cutters 3, 4 projecting beyond the outer periphery of the bit, said cutting elements comprising both cutting elements 6 which have only one plane cutting face and?cutting elements 5 with a divided cutting face the component faces of the divided cutiing face being at a mutual angle to one another of less than 180°.
1. A rotary drill bit for deep-well drilling, consisting of a body member 1, a threaded pin 2, for connection to a drilling string or the like rotary drive and a head which is provided with cutting elements which extend from the base region of the head into its central region and are combined, in groups in the form of rows or strips, as cutters 3, 4 projecting beyond the outer periphery of the bit, said cutting elements comprising both cutting elements 6 which have only one plane cutting face and?cutting elements 5 with a divided cutting face the component faces of the divided cutiing face being at a mutual angle to one another of less than 180°.
Description
The invention xelates to a rotary drill bit for deep-well drilling.
During the sinking of deep wells in the surface of the earth, su~h drill bits impinge on layers of rock of different hardness and partially plastic formation and are therefore exposed to changing drilling conditions. It has been found that known rotary drill bits ~ith cutting edges which comprise sintered diamond cutting elements which are circular or partially circular in plan view, do not achieve the optimum drilling progress under all drilling conditions. Whereas such drill bits produce satisfactory results with hard sandy layers, with soft plastic rock their cutting elements tend to stick at the cutting face through accumulation of the rock removed and then slide over the layer of rock without chip formation. Rapid wear of the cutting edges then occurs so that the bit becomes too blunt for rock drilling. In order to achieve a chip formation nevertheless, the drill bit would have to be driven carefully with a very great axial thrust force which would greatly increase the wear and the necessary torque.
On the other hand, a rotary drill bit which is provided with wedge shaped cutting elements is particularly suitable for soft formations. As a result of the geometry of the cutting edges, particularly as a result of cutting faces extending at an acute angle to the cutting direction, a plough effect is achieved which penmits better chip formation of the rock removed with less axial thrust force and less torque. The relatively small effective area of the .: , ~ ..................... ~ .~ . . ............ . . ..
, cuttlng elements permits the removal of only a small amount of material, however, 30 that the ~rilling progress of such bits is considerably less in comparison with the drilling pro3ress of a bit equipped ~ith circular Qr partially circular cutting element~. It is an object of the present invention to proYide an improved rotary drill bit so that a greater drill-ng progress is achieved over the widest possible hardness and pla~ticity spectru~ of the rock formation paying special consideration to so~t rock~
The present invention is a rotary drill bit for ~eep-well drilling, consisting of a body member, a threaded pi~
for conr,ection to a drilling stri~g or the like rotary drive and a head which is provided with cutting elements which extend from the base region of the head into its central region and are combined, in groups in the form of rows or strips, as cutters pro~ecting beyond the o~ter periphery of the bit, said cutting elements comprising both cutting elements whlch have only one plane cutting f ace and cutting elements with a di~ided cutting face, the component faces ~ of the divided cutting face being at a mu~ual angle to one another of less than 180.
The cutting elements with a plane cutting face serve for cutting paring and removal of the rock during the drilling operation. With hard s~ndy rock, these cutting elements master the greatest cutting work. With so~ter rock th~re iB a functional cooperation between the said cutting elements with a plane cuttin~ face and the cutting .. ..
~, , . , "
elements with a di~ided cutti~g face which are disposed offset with regard to the lines of intersection according to an advantageous form of embodi~lent. Because of their greater pressure p~r unit area, ~he cutting elements with a divided cutting face can ~enetrate into the formation and engrave a furrow there, leaving behind lateral mounds produced by chip formation. This effect occurs already with cutting faces the .component faces of whic~ are at. an angle of somewhat less than 180. The effect is i~pro~ed a~ the angle between the cutting faces becomes smaller. As a result of the disturbance in its s~.ructure cause~ by the penetration into the formation, a uniform slidin~ of the rock structure under the cutting edge of the following cutting element is prevented and it is possible for this to par~ off the torn plane of the rock. forming chips. In order to cause the chip formation, less axial thrust force is necessary tha~ woul~ be the case with bits which were equipped exclusi~ely with cutting elements which only had a plane cutting face. The wear and the necessary torque are likewise less. A b$t with a combination of the said cutting elements renders possible, particularly with soft rock, a considerably greater drilling progress than with the exclusi~e use of a bit equipped with only one ~lternative of the two kinds of cutting element.
In order to reinforce the cuttlng work and to cool the cutting elements, groups of nozzles are disposed in front of the cutt$ng elements, the flushing outlet direction of which "
"
~ 7 _ 5 nozzles is such that the effect of the particular cutting elements is reinforced. Since the cutting elements with a divided cutting face are only intended to tear up the formation, the drill chips displaced as with a snow plough, slide laterally through between two adjacent cutting elements. This tangential dlrection is also impressed on the ~lushing stream of the flushing supplled by the associated nozzles so that the sl~ding of the chips along the component faces, at a~ angle to one ~nother, of the cutting elements with a divided cutting face is facilitated and cloggi~g of the gaps bet~een the cutting elements is prevented. The no~zles disposed in ~ront of the cutting elements with a plane cu~ting ~ace impose a radial component o~ the flushing stream so that the chips running off along the cutting faces of these cutting elements are forced away to the outside, are cut off and the drillings can be removedO
The cutting face of these cutting elements can also be set at an a~gle to the cutting direction in orde~ to ac:hieve an outwardly directed plough effect.
Whereas the cutting elements with a plane cutting face preferably consist of a thin layer of polycrystalline sintered diamond are each secured to a uniformly supported supporting member, the cutting elements with a divided cuttlng face may comprise natural diamond or polycrystalline sintered diamond cut up by a se~ering process a~ a material.
The cutting elements are bound in special holders and are securely held there.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be ~ ~ . , ! ' described, by way o~ example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in wh~ch:-Figure 1 shows a perspectlve vicw of a rotary drillbit according to the present invention which is equ..pped with a ^ombination of plane and ~edge shaped cutting elements;
. Figure ~ shows a pro~ection of the sectional plane of a group of wedge shaped cutting elements with a divided cutting face and a group of c~-tting elements with a plane cutting face;
Figure 3 shows a modification o~ the configuration and embodiment illustrated in Figure 2;
Figures 4a, b, c and Figures 5a, b, c show further possible arrangement~ of the cutting elements.
In ~igure 1 a rotary drill bit ~s illustrated which comprises a body member 1, a threaded pin 2 for a connection to a drilling string and a head with c~tters 3, 4. m e cutters 3 and ~ comprise cut~ing elements 5 and 6 projecting from strip-shaped elevations exten~ing radially from the base reglon of the bit to the centre. In the base region, this elevation is continued over a short axial distance and is equipped wi~h a ha~d covering 7 which i5 impregnated or superficially equip~ed with abrasion-resistant material. In the valleys between the elevations, nozzles 8, 9 are disposed in front of the cutting elements in each case, wh~ch nozzles are inte~d~d to deflect the flushing ~tream and are in communication, at the inlet side~
" .
.: . : .
4 ~
with an internal bore. The nozzles are fewer in number than the cutting elements but the outlet cone of the flushing stream is so designed that all the cutting elements are adequately supplied with flushing. The nozzles 8 associated with the cutting elements 5 have a smaller cross-section than the nozzles 9 associated with the cutting elements ~. The nozzles 8 are so aligned that they direct the flushing streams tangentially to the drill bit towards the cutting elements 5. The nozzles 9, on the other hand, direct their flushing streams in a radial direction towards the base region of the bit as a result of their alignment.
The cutting elements 6 consist of small thin plates of polycrystalline sintered diamond which are circular in plan view and are secured to hard metal supporting members.
These, in turn, are embedded in a matrix-binder composition.
The plane cutting faces of the cutting elements 5 are at right angles to the cutting direction. It is also possible, however, to dispose them at an obtuse angle so that the flow of chips to the base region of the bit is reinforced by a slight plough effect. The cutting elements 5 consist of natural diamonds (cubes) and are embedded in hard-metal holders which in turn again rest in a matrix-binder composition. The cutting elements 5 mayl however, also be formed by severed sintered diamond membersO In the cutting direction, each cutting element is bounded by two faces arranged as a wedge which act as cutting faces during the cutting operation and in the radial direction it is bounded ^
_ 8 --by a pointed face which acts as a flank. The three abutting edges of the said faces act as cutting edges. The point formed by the common connecting point of the cutting edges and the ~ront cutting edge ~evelop suoh a h.igh pressure per unit a~ea on the formation tha~ penetration of the cutting elements into the layer of rock is ensured. Between t~o adjacent cutting elements 5 there is an adequa~e gap which ~llows the torn up ch~ps to pass through.
The cooperation of the said cutting elements will now be considered with reference to Fi~ure 2. T~le Fi6ure is restricted t~ a cooperating pair of cutters consigting of a cutter ~ carrying prisma~ic cutting elements 5 with cutting faces arranged in a wedge to form a divided cutting face and the cutter 4 which in this particular case carries cutting elements 6 with a plane cutt1ng face and a circular cutting edge contour. The reference numerals 18 and 19 distingu~sh the cutter elements with the di~ided cutting f~ces and the supporting members therefore while the reference numerals 16 and 17 distinguish a circular cutting element with a plane face and its holder~ The cutting ~aces of the prismatic cutting element are designated by 12, while the cutting face of the cir~ular cutting element is-desi6nated by 13. The l1nes of intersection 10 and 11, which distinguish the position of the deepest penetration of the cuttlng elements into the ~ormation9 show that the cutting elements are staggered in arrangement. The flushing flow impressed by the nozzles, not shown, is represented .; :
by arrows 14 and 15. The flushing stream runs first counter to the direction of rotation of the bit through the gaps in the prismatic cutting elements 5 and changes its direction to the outsi~e along the cutting elements 6 shape. The chip pared off is indicated in the drawing along the path described by the cutting elements. While the formation is only broken up by the prismatic cutting elements, the further paring off is effected by the circular cutting elements.
~t is clear how the cutting elements supplement one another in the cutting work and how the flushing contributes to guiding the pared off driliings along the cutting faces of the cutting elements and conveying them away to the outside.
As a modification of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, Figure 3 shows cu~ting elements 6 with a plane cutting face 13 set at an angle and cutting elements 5 with a divided cutting face 12, the component faces of which are at an angle of less than 180 to one another. For the setting angle of the cutting elements 6, a range between 0 and 40 has proved advantageous.
Cooperation between the two kinds of cutting element results with other possible arrangements than those illustrated in Figures 1 to 3. Then, however, the path of the flushing liquid as described by the selection and alignment of suitable nozzles is no longer simply applicable.
Figures 4a, b, c show a combined arrangement of the 1 15~d7 -- 10 -- i.
various cutting elements 5, 6 on cuts 20, 21.
With the arrangement of the cutting elements in Figures 4a and c, the formation is torn up by the cutting elements 5 with a divided cutting face 12 on the cutter 21 and pared off by the cutting elements 6 with a plane cutting ...
face 13, disposed on:the following cutter 20.
With the version shown in Figure 4b, the tearing up and p æ ing off of the formation is effected by the same cutter because thi5 already comprises the two kinds of cutting element arxanged according to the working sequence, namely cutting elements 6 behind cutting elements 5.
Figures Sa, bj c show arrangements which consist of a combination of the cutters 20 or 21, as illustrated in Figures 4a, b, c, with the cutters.3 and 4 of Figure 2.
The interplay of the cutting elements 5 and 6 with a divided cutting face 12 and with a plane cutting face 13 is thus also possible when the cutting elements are disposed partly together, partly separately on the cutters.
Pigure 6 shows a section extending radially through the drilled formation with a view of the cutting faces of the cutting elements, the cutting elements 5 with a divided cutting face 12 being disposed in front of the cutting elements 6 with a plane cutting face 13. The spacing between the cooperating cutting elements 5, 6 can be selected so great that the cutting regions adjoin one another and the torn up chip projects into the cutting xegion of the following cutting element. A more reliable . , : ~
cutting act~on is achieved, ho~ever, if the cUtting ~egions part~ally overlap one another, The cutting depth of t~e cutting elements 5 with a divided cutting face can also be seIected to be different as compared with the cutting depth of the cutting elements 6 with a plane cutting face 13, to ~ptimize the drilling progress of the bit for a specific plast;city of the formation being drilled. The positions a, b, c in Figure 6 show different cutting depths.
Figure 7 shows a longitudinal section, extend}ng substantially tangentiall~, through a rotary drill bit working in the format~on~ The sectional plane illustrated extends along the chain l;ne illustrated in Figure 2. The construction of the cutters, cutting elements and no~les already discussed in connection with the description of Figures 1 and 2 is here .illustrated again. Likewise the ;~
cooperation of the cutting elements, as mentioned in Figure 2, can be seen from a perspective at the slde in relation to the cutting direction.
Figure 8 serves to correlate the terms "plane cutting face" 13, and "divided cutting face" 12 used in this descriptIon and to illustrate the angle between the component faces of the divided cutting face 12, which should be less than 180.
During the sinking of deep wells in the surface of the earth, su~h drill bits impinge on layers of rock of different hardness and partially plastic formation and are therefore exposed to changing drilling conditions. It has been found that known rotary drill bits ~ith cutting edges which comprise sintered diamond cutting elements which are circular or partially circular in plan view, do not achieve the optimum drilling progress under all drilling conditions. Whereas such drill bits produce satisfactory results with hard sandy layers, with soft plastic rock their cutting elements tend to stick at the cutting face through accumulation of the rock removed and then slide over the layer of rock without chip formation. Rapid wear of the cutting edges then occurs so that the bit becomes too blunt for rock drilling. In order to achieve a chip formation nevertheless, the drill bit would have to be driven carefully with a very great axial thrust force which would greatly increase the wear and the necessary torque.
On the other hand, a rotary drill bit which is provided with wedge shaped cutting elements is particularly suitable for soft formations. As a result of the geometry of the cutting edges, particularly as a result of cutting faces extending at an acute angle to the cutting direction, a plough effect is achieved which penmits better chip formation of the rock removed with less axial thrust force and less torque. The relatively small effective area of the .: , ~ ..................... ~ .~ . . ............ . . ..
, cuttlng elements permits the removal of only a small amount of material, however, 30 that the ~rilling progress of such bits is considerably less in comparison with the drilling pro3ress of a bit equipped ~ith circular Qr partially circular cutting element~. It is an object of the present invention to proYide an improved rotary drill bit so that a greater drill-ng progress is achieved over the widest possible hardness and pla~ticity spectru~ of the rock formation paying special consideration to so~t rock~
The present invention is a rotary drill bit for ~eep-well drilling, consisting of a body member, a threaded pi~
for conr,ection to a drilling stri~g or the like rotary drive and a head which is provided with cutting elements which extend from the base region of the head into its central region and are combined, in groups in the form of rows or strips, as cutters pro~ecting beyond the o~ter periphery of the bit, said cutting elements comprising both cutting elements whlch have only one plane cutting f ace and cutting elements with a di~ided cutting face, the component faces ~ of the divided cutting face being at a mu~ual angle to one another of less than 180.
The cutting elements with a plane cutting face serve for cutting paring and removal of the rock during the drilling operation. With hard s~ndy rock, these cutting elements master the greatest cutting work. With so~ter rock th~re iB a functional cooperation between the said cutting elements with a plane cuttin~ face and the cutting .. ..
~, , . , "
elements with a di~ided cutti~g face which are disposed offset with regard to the lines of intersection according to an advantageous form of embodi~lent. Because of their greater pressure p~r unit area, ~he cutting elements with a divided cutting face can ~enetrate into the formation and engrave a furrow there, leaving behind lateral mounds produced by chip formation. This effect occurs already with cutting faces the .component faces of whic~ are at. an angle of somewhat less than 180. The effect is i~pro~ed a~ the angle between the cutting faces becomes smaller. As a result of the disturbance in its s~.ructure cause~ by the penetration into the formation, a uniform slidin~ of the rock structure under the cutting edge of the following cutting element is prevented and it is possible for this to par~ off the torn plane of the rock. forming chips. In order to cause the chip formation, less axial thrust force is necessary tha~ woul~ be the case with bits which were equipped exclusi~ely with cutting elements which only had a plane cutting face. The wear and the necessary torque are likewise less. A b$t with a combination of the said cutting elements renders possible, particularly with soft rock, a considerably greater drilling progress than with the exclusi~e use of a bit equipped with only one ~lternative of the two kinds of cutting element.
In order to reinforce the cuttlng work and to cool the cutting elements, groups of nozzles are disposed in front of the cutt$ng elements, the flushing outlet direction of which "
"
~ 7 _ 5 nozzles is such that the effect of the particular cutting elements is reinforced. Since the cutting elements with a divided cutting face are only intended to tear up the formation, the drill chips displaced as with a snow plough, slide laterally through between two adjacent cutting elements. This tangential dlrection is also impressed on the ~lushing stream of the flushing supplled by the associated nozzles so that the sl~ding of the chips along the component faces, at a~ angle to one ~nother, of the cutting elements with a divided cutting face is facilitated and cloggi~g of the gaps bet~een the cutting elements is prevented. The no~zles disposed in ~ront of the cutting elements with a plane cu~ting ~ace impose a radial component o~ the flushing stream so that the chips running off along the cutting faces of these cutting elements are forced away to the outside, are cut off and the drillings can be removedO
The cutting face of these cutting elements can also be set at an a~gle to the cutting direction in orde~ to ac:hieve an outwardly directed plough effect.
Whereas the cutting elements with a plane cutting face preferably consist of a thin layer of polycrystalline sintered diamond are each secured to a uniformly supported supporting member, the cutting elements with a divided cuttlng face may comprise natural diamond or polycrystalline sintered diamond cut up by a se~ering process a~ a material.
The cutting elements are bound in special holders and are securely held there.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be ~ ~ . , ! ' described, by way o~ example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in wh~ch:-Figure 1 shows a perspectlve vicw of a rotary drillbit according to the present invention which is equ..pped with a ^ombination of plane and ~edge shaped cutting elements;
. Figure ~ shows a pro~ection of the sectional plane of a group of wedge shaped cutting elements with a divided cutting face and a group of c~-tting elements with a plane cutting face;
Figure 3 shows a modification o~ the configuration and embodiment illustrated in Figure 2;
Figures 4a, b, c and Figures 5a, b, c show further possible arrangement~ of the cutting elements.
In ~igure 1 a rotary drill bit ~s illustrated which comprises a body member 1, a threaded pin 2 for a connection to a drilling string and a head with c~tters 3, 4. m e cutters 3 and ~ comprise cut~ing elements 5 and 6 projecting from strip-shaped elevations exten~ing radially from the base reglon of the bit to the centre. In the base region, this elevation is continued over a short axial distance and is equipped wi~h a ha~d covering 7 which i5 impregnated or superficially equip~ed with abrasion-resistant material. In the valleys between the elevations, nozzles 8, 9 are disposed in front of the cutting elements in each case, wh~ch nozzles are inte~d~d to deflect the flushing ~tream and are in communication, at the inlet side~
" .
.: . : .
4 ~
with an internal bore. The nozzles are fewer in number than the cutting elements but the outlet cone of the flushing stream is so designed that all the cutting elements are adequately supplied with flushing. The nozzles 8 associated with the cutting elements 5 have a smaller cross-section than the nozzles 9 associated with the cutting elements ~. The nozzles 8 are so aligned that they direct the flushing streams tangentially to the drill bit towards the cutting elements 5. The nozzles 9, on the other hand, direct their flushing streams in a radial direction towards the base region of the bit as a result of their alignment.
The cutting elements 6 consist of small thin plates of polycrystalline sintered diamond which are circular in plan view and are secured to hard metal supporting members.
These, in turn, are embedded in a matrix-binder composition.
The plane cutting faces of the cutting elements 5 are at right angles to the cutting direction. It is also possible, however, to dispose them at an obtuse angle so that the flow of chips to the base region of the bit is reinforced by a slight plough effect. The cutting elements 5 consist of natural diamonds (cubes) and are embedded in hard-metal holders which in turn again rest in a matrix-binder composition. The cutting elements 5 mayl however, also be formed by severed sintered diamond membersO In the cutting direction, each cutting element is bounded by two faces arranged as a wedge which act as cutting faces during the cutting operation and in the radial direction it is bounded ^
_ 8 --by a pointed face which acts as a flank. The three abutting edges of the said faces act as cutting edges. The point formed by the common connecting point of the cutting edges and the ~ront cutting edge ~evelop suoh a h.igh pressure per unit a~ea on the formation tha~ penetration of the cutting elements into the layer of rock is ensured. Between t~o adjacent cutting elements 5 there is an adequa~e gap which ~llows the torn up ch~ps to pass through.
The cooperation of the said cutting elements will now be considered with reference to Fi~ure 2. T~le Fi6ure is restricted t~ a cooperating pair of cutters consigting of a cutter ~ carrying prisma~ic cutting elements 5 with cutting faces arranged in a wedge to form a divided cutting face and the cutter 4 which in this particular case carries cutting elements 6 with a plane cutt1ng face and a circular cutting edge contour. The reference numerals 18 and 19 distingu~sh the cutter elements with the di~ided cutting f~ces and the supporting members therefore while the reference numerals 16 and 17 distinguish a circular cutting element with a plane face and its holder~ The cutting ~aces of the prismatic cutting element are designated by 12, while the cutting face of the cir~ular cutting element is-desi6nated by 13. The l1nes of intersection 10 and 11, which distinguish the position of the deepest penetration of the cuttlng elements into the ~ormation9 show that the cutting elements are staggered in arrangement. The flushing flow impressed by the nozzles, not shown, is represented .; :
by arrows 14 and 15. The flushing stream runs first counter to the direction of rotation of the bit through the gaps in the prismatic cutting elements 5 and changes its direction to the outsi~e along the cutting elements 6 shape. The chip pared off is indicated in the drawing along the path described by the cutting elements. While the formation is only broken up by the prismatic cutting elements, the further paring off is effected by the circular cutting elements.
~t is clear how the cutting elements supplement one another in the cutting work and how the flushing contributes to guiding the pared off driliings along the cutting faces of the cutting elements and conveying them away to the outside.
As a modification of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, Figure 3 shows cu~ting elements 6 with a plane cutting face 13 set at an angle and cutting elements 5 with a divided cutting face 12, the component faces of which are at an angle of less than 180 to one another. For the setting angle of the cutting elements 6, a range between 0 and 40 has proved advantageous.
Cooperation between the two kinds of cutting element results with other possible arrangements than those illustrated in Figures 1 to 3. Then, however, the path of the flushing liquid as described by the selection and alignment of suitable nozzles is no longer simply applicable.
Figures 4a, b, c show a combined arrangement of the 1 15~d7 -- 10 -- i.
various cutting elements 5, 6 on cuts 20, 21.
With the arrangement of the cutting elements in Figures 4a and c, the formation is torn up by the cutting elements 5 with a divided cutting face 12 on the cutter 21 and pared off by the cutting elements 6 with a plane cutting ...
face 13, disposed on:the following cutter 20.
With the version shown in Figure 4b, the tearing up and p æ ing off of the formation is effected by the same cutter because thi5 already comprises the two kinds of cutting element arxanged according to the working sequence, namely cutting elements 6 behind cutting elements 5.
Figures Sa, bj c show arrangements which consist of a combination of the cutters 20 or 21, as illustrated in Figures 4a, b, c, with the cutters.3 and 4 of Figure 2.
The interplay of the cutting elements 5 and 6 with a divided cutting face 12 and with a plane cutting face 13 is thus also possible when the cutting elements are disposed partly together, partly separately on the cutters.
Pigure 6 shows a section extending radially through the drilled formation with a view of the cutting faces of the cutting elements, the cutting elements 5 with a divided cutting face 12 being disposed in front of the cutting elements 6 with a plane cutting face 13. The spacing between the cooperating cutting elements 5, 6 can be selected so great that the cutting regions adjoin one another and the torn up chip projects into the cutting xegion of the following cutting element. A more reliable . , : ~
cutting act~on is achieved, ho~ever, if the cUtting ~egions part~ally overlap one another, The cutting depth of t~e cutting elements 5 with a divided cutting face can also be seIected to be different as compared with the cutting depth of the cutting elements 6 with a plane cutting face 13, to ~ptimize the drilling progress of the bit for a specific plast;city of the formation being drilled. The positions a, b, c in Figure 6 show different cutting depths.
Figure 7 shows a longitudinal section, extend}ng substantially tangentiall~, through a rotary drill bit working in the format~on~ The sectional plane illustrated extends along the chain l;ne illustrated in Figure 2. The construction of the cutters, cutting elements and no~les already discussed in connection with the description of Figures 1 and 2 is here .illustrated again. Likewise the ;~
cooperation of the cutting elements, as mentioned in Figure 2, can be seen from a perspective at the slde in relation to the cutting direction.
Figure 8 serves to correlate the terms "plane cutting face" 13, and "divided cutting face" 12 used in this descriptIon and to illustrate the angle between the component faces of the divided cutting face 12, which should be less than 180.
Claims (25)
1. A rotary drill bit for deep-well drilling, consisting of a body member 1, a threaded pin 2, for connection to a drilling string or the like rotary drive and a head which is provided with cutting elements which extend from the base region of the head into its central region and are combined, in groups in the form of rows or strips, as cutters 3, 4 projecting beyond the outer periphery of the bit. said cutting elements comprising both cutting elements 6 which have only one plane cutting face, and cutting elements 5 with a divided cutting face the component faces of the divided cutting face being at a mutual angle to one another of less than 180°.
2. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 1, in that;
each cutter comprises cutting elements with a plane cutting face and cutting elements with a divided cutting face.
each cutter comprises cutting elements with a plane cutting face and cutting elements with a divided cutting face.
3. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 2, in which the cutting elements with a plane cutting face and the cutting elements with a divided cutting face are disposed alternately, stepped radially from the base region to the central region, on each cutter.
4. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 3, in which both kinds of cutting elements are disposed side by side.
5. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 3, in which the cutting elements with a divided cutting face are disposed offset arcuately in relation to the cutting elements with a plane cutting face.
6. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 2 in which the cutting elements with a divided cutting face are disposed in front of the cutting elements with a plane cutting face, seen in the direction of rotation of the bit.
7. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 2 in which the cutting elements with a divided cutting face are disposed behind the cutting elements with a plane cutting face, seen in the direction of rotation of the bit.
8. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 2 in which the cutting elements are radially offset with respect to similar cutting elements on adjacent cutters.
9. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 7, in which the cutting elements are disposed at the same radius as similar cutting elements on adjacent cutting edges.
10. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 1, in which alternate cutters comprise cutting elements with a plane cutting face and the intermediate cutters comprise cutting elements with a divided cutting face.
11. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 10, in which cutting elements with a plane cutting face are radially offset with regard to the cutting elements with a divided cutting face.
12. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 1, in which cutters with cutting elements provided with a plane cutting face, cutters with cutting elements provided with a divided cutting face, and cutters with both types of cutting element are present.
13. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 12, in which the cutting elements with a divided cutting face are disposed in front of or behind the cutting elements with a plane cutting face, seen in the direction of rotation of the bit, on the common cutter, and in the case of the cutters which comprise exclusively cutting elements with a divided cutting face or a plane cutting face, the same sequence is found in the direction of rotation with regard to the arrangement of the cutting elements.
14. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 12, in which the cutting elements with a divided cutting face and with a plane cutting face are disposed side by side on the common cutter and the cutters which carry exclusively cutter elements with a plane cutting face or with a divided cutting face are disposed in a selectable but uniform sequence behind the common cutter.
15. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 1 in which cutting elements with a plane cutting face are adjacent, with their cutting region, to the cutting region of radially adjacent cutting elements with a divided cutting face or are disposed in front thereof in the direction of rotation, or project into these.
16. A rotary drill bit as in Claim 1, in which the cutting elements with a plane cutting face have an elliptical or semi-elliptical cutting edge contour.
17. A rotary drill hit as claimed in Claim 1, in which the cutting elements with a plane cutting face have a circular or partially circular cutting edge contour.
18. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 1, in which the cutting elements with a divided cutting face have component faces which are at an acute angle to one another in the cutting direction.
19. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 1 in which the cutting elements with a divided cutting face have a prismatic contour.
20. A rotary drill bit as in Claim 1, in the cutting elements with a divided cutting face are dimensioned for a greater cutting depth than the cutting elements with a plane cutting face.
21. A rotary drill bit as in Claim 1, in which the cutting elements with a divided cutting face are designed for a shallower cutting depth than the cutting elements with a plane cutting face.
22. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 17, in which the cutting elements consist of a layer of polycrystalline sintered diamond, which is secured to supporting members.
23. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 18, in which the cutting elements are formed from natural diamonds or from prismatic sectors of a polycrystalline sintered body and that the sintered bodies or diamonds in turn are mounted in supporting members.
24. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 10, in which nozzles for flushing liquid are disposed in front of the cutting edges in the direction of rotation of the bit, which nozzles communicate with a central bore in the interior of the bit, and that the outlets of the nozzles associated with the cutting elements with a divided cutting face are so directed and constituted that a substantially tangential component of direction in the counter direction of rotation of the bit is impressed on the flushing jet and the outlets of the nozzles associated with the cutting elements with a plane cutting face are so directed and constituted that a component directed substantially radially outwards is impressed on the flushing jet.
25. A rotary drill bit as claimed in Claim 24, in the nozzle cross-section of the nozzles associated with the cutting elements with a divided cutting face is smaller than that of the nozzles associated with the cutting elements with a plane cutting face.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3039632.8 | 1980-10-21 | ||
| DE3039632A DE3039632C2 (en) | 1980-10-21 | 1980-10-21 | Rotary bit for deep drilling |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1159047A true CA1159047A (en) | 1983-12-20 |
Family
ID=6114831
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000388126A Expired CA1159047A (en) | 1980-10-21 | 1981-10-16 | Rotary drill bit for deep-well drilling |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57100288A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU539781B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE890801A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1159047A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3039632C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2492450A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2086451B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX155882A (en) |
Families Citing this family (38)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3113109C2 (en) * | 1981-04-01 | 1983-11-17 | Christensen, Inc., 84115 Salt Lake City, Utah | Rotary drill bit for deep drilling |
| US4538690A (en) * | 1983-02-22 | 1985-09-03 | Nl Industries, Inc. | PDC cutter and bit |
| US4499959A (en) * | 1983-03-14 | 1985-02-19 | Christensen, Inc. | Tooth configuration for an earth boring bit |
| US4533004A (en) * | 1984-01-16 | 1985-08-06 | Cdp, Ltd. | Self sharpening drag bit for sub-surface formation drilling |
| US4540056A (en) * | 1984-05-03 | 1985-09-10 | Inco Limited | Cutter assembly |
| USRE33757E (en) * | 1984-06-07 | 1991-12-03 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Diamond drill bit with varied cutting elements |
| US4602691A (en) * | 1984-06-07 | 1986-07-29 | Hughes Tool Company | Diamond drill bit with varied cutting elements |
| US4744427A (en) * | 1986-10-16 | 1988-05-17 | Eastman Christensen Company | Bit design for a rotating bit incorporating synthetic polycrystalline cutters |
| US5265685A (en) * | 1991-12-30 | 1993-11-30 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Drill bit with improved insert cutter pattern |
| US5314033A (en) * | 1992-02-18 | 1994-05-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Drill bit having combined positive and negative or neutral rake cutters |
| US5558170A (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1996-09-24 | Baroid Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for improving drill bit stability |
| GB9314954D0 (en) * | 1993-07-16 | 1993-09-01 | Camco Drilling Group Ltd | Improvements in or relating to torary drill bits |
| US5595252A (en) * | 1994-07-28 | 1997-01-21 | Flowdril Corporation | Fixed-cutter drill bit assembly and method |
| GB9421924D0 (en) * | 1994-11-01 | 1994-12-21 | Camco Drilling Group Ltd | Improvements in or relating to rotary drill bits |
| US5607025A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1997-03-04 | Smith International, Inc. | Drill bit and cutting structure having enhanced placement and sizing of cutters for improved bit stabilization |
| US5979571A (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1999-11-09 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Combination milling tool and drill bit |
| GB9712342D0 (en) * | 1997-06-14 | 1997-08-13 | Camco Int Uk Ltd | Improvements in or relating to rotary drill bits |
| US5778994A (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 1998-07-14 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Claw tooth rotary bit |
| US7025156B1 (en) * | 1997-11-18 | 2006-04-11 | Douglas Caraway | Rotary drill bit for casting milling and formation drilling |
| DE60100727T2 (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2004-07-22 | Camco International (Uk) Ltd., Stonehouse | Multi-directional cutting elements for bi-central drilling tools for drilling a casing shoe |
| US6527065B1 (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2003-03-04 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Superabrasive cutting elements for rotary drag bits configured for scooping a formation |
| US7395882B2 (en) | 2004-02-19 | 2008-07-08 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Casing and liner drilling bits |
| US7624818B2 (en) | 2004-02-19 | 2009-12-01 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Earth boring drill bits with casing component drill out capability and methods of use |
| US7954570B2 (en) | 2004-02-19 | 2011-06-07 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Cutting elements configured for casing component drillout and earth boring drill bits including same |
| JP2006009538A (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2006-01-12 | Sanwa Kizai Co Ltd | Excavating bit and excavating head |
| US7237628B2 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2007-07-03 | Reedhycalog, L.P. | Fixed cutter drill bit with non-cutting erosion resistant inserts |
| US7621351B2 (en) | 2006-05-15 | 2009-11-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Reaming tool suitable for running on casing or liner |
| US7954571B2 (en) | 2007-10-02 | 2011-06-07 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Cutting structures for casing component drillout and earth-boring drill bits including same |
| US8245797B2 (en) | 2007-10-02 | 2012-08-21 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Cutting structures for casing component drillout and earth-boring drill bits including same |
| US8505634B2 (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2013-08-13 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Earth-boring tools having differing cutting elements on a blade and related methods |
| US8794356B2 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2014-08-05 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Shaped cutting elements on drill bits and other earth-boring tools, and methods of forming same |
| US8851207B2 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2014-10-07 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Earth-boring tools and methods of forming such earth-boring tools |
| SA111320671B1 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2015-01-22 | بيكر هوغيس انكور | Shaped cutting elements for earth boring tools, earth boring tools including such cutting elements, and related methods |
| BR112014019574A8 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2017-07-11 | Baker Hughes Inc | MOLDED CUTTING ELEMENTS FOR EARTH DRILLING TOOLS AND EARTH DRILLING TOOLS INCLUDING SUCH CUTTING ELEMENTS |
| WO2015111016A1 (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-07-30 | Tercel Ip Limited | Drill bit for drilling a borehole |
| EP3463777B1 (en) | 2016-05-27 | 2023-07-05 | Joy Global Underground Mining LLC | Cutting device with wear elements |
| CN112627738A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-09 | 武穴市明锐机械股份有限公司 | Drill bit with mud bag preventing function |
| CN113338797B (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2024-03-01 | 常州市捷甲非开挖管道技术有限公司 | Walking rotary drill |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA659574A (en) * | 1963-03-19 | H. Davis Sidney | Drilling bit | |
| DE270185C (en) * | ||||
| US1913550A (en) * | 1930-04-08 | 1933-06-13 | Charles K Holt | Drill bit |
| US2648524A (en) * | 1946-11-23 | 1953-08-11 | Dionisotti Joseph | Mining trepan |
| US2960312A (en) * | 1957-06-07 | 1960-11-15 | Charles W Kandle | Drill cutting head |
| SU686635A3 (en) * | 1975-08-30 | 1979-09-15 | Геверкшафт Эйзенхютте Вестфалия (Фирма) | Cutter for coal planer |
| US4143902A (en) * | 1977-04-20 | 1979-03-13 | Johnstone Thomas V | Utility unit for camper vehicles |
| US4098363A (en) * | 1977-04-25 | 1978-07-04 | Christensen, Inc. | Diamond drilling bit for soft and medium hard formations |
| DE2719330C3 (en) * | 1977-04-30 | 1984-01-05 | Christensen, Inc., 84115 Salt Lake City, Utah | Rotary drill bit |
| FR2423626B1 (en) * | 1978-04-21 | 1985-11-29 | Christensen Inc Norton | ROTARY DRILL BIT FOR DEEP DRILLING |
| ZA794097B (en) * | 1978-10-02 | 1980-11-26 | Gen Electric | Cutter shapes for rock drilling with drag bits |
| US4202419A (en) * | 1979-01-11 | 1980-05-13 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Roller cutter with major and minor insert rows |
-
1980
- 1980-10-21 DE DE3039632A patent/DE3039632C2/en not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-09-11 GB GB8127511A patent/GB2086451B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-30 MX MX189428A patent/MX155882A/en unknown
- 1981-10-16 CA CA000388126A patent/CA1159047A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-10-19 AU AU76601/81A patent/AU539781B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-10-20 BE BE0/206299A patent/BE890801A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-10-20 FR FR8119699A patent/FR2492450A1/en active Granted
- 1981-10-21 JP JP56167312A patent/JPS57100288A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE890801A (en) | 1982-02-15 |
| MX155882A (en) | 1988-01-27 |
| AU7660181A (en) | 1982-04-29 |
| FR2492450A1 (en) | 1982-04-23 |
| JPS57100288A (en) | 1982-06-22 |
| DE3039632A1 (en) | 1982-05-06 |
| DE3039632C2 (en) | 1982-12-16 |
| GB2086451A (en) | 1982-05-12 |
| AU539781B2 (en) | 1984-10-18 |
| FR2492450B1 (en) | 1985-04-26 |
| GB2086451B (en) | 1984-09-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |