CA1158983A - Bird feed mixture to produce iodine enriched eggs - Google Patents
Bird feed mixture to produce iodine enriched eggsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1158983A CA1158983A CA000367730A CA367730A CA1158983A CA 1158983 A CA1158983 A CA 1158983A CA 000367730 A CA000367730 A CA 000367730A CA 367730 A CA367730 A CA 367730A CA 1158983 A CA1158983 A CA 1158983A
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- Prior art keywords
- iodine
- male
- eggs
- egg
- feed
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
- A61K35/57—Birds; Materials from birds, e.g. eggs, feathers, egg white, egg yolk or endothelium corneum gigeriae galli
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L15/00—Egg products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A mixture is disclosed for producing an iodine-enriched egg containing at least 300 µg of iodine, which mixture comprises at least one iodine compound , a seaweed containing iodine and a bird feed, wherein the mixture has an iodine content of 50 to 2,500 ppm. By feeding the mixture to egg-laying birds an egg may be obtained containing an advantageously high amount of iodine.
A mixture is disclosed for producing an iodine-enriched egg containing at least 300 µg of iodine, which mixture comprises at least one iodine compound , a seaweed containing iodine and a bird feed, wherein the mixture has an iodine content of 50 to 2,500 ppm. By feeding the mixture to egg-laying birds an egg may be obtained containing an advantageously high amount of iodine.
Description
l~S~
TEC~INICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a bird ~eed mixture useful in producing iodine-enriched eggs.
This invention also relates to a method for producing a composite which has the efect of improving lipid.metabolism by heightening lipoprotein lipase activity, by reducing glycogen consumption, and by improvlng the constitution ratio of high-density lipoprotein in the blood. SpeciEically, this invention relates to a composite with an effective component which is a special egg containing a h.igh amount of iodine.
: BACKGROUND ~F THE INVENTION
-. Americans, as well as Japanese, have been cons~lming fewer and fewer.e~gs in recent years. This trend seems to reflect a fear *hat eating too many eggs may cause heart trouble, .a fear based on the theory that maintaining a diet high in cholesterol may increase the amount of serum or hematic cholesterol, - which in turn may increase the incidence of coronary artery : disease.
This view seems to prevail despite.reports that an :.
ordinary diet with one to three eggs per day.for several months ~ . makes no significant difference in the average level of blood : : cholesterol.l Limiting egg ingestion has never proven to be an effective means of preventing heart disease. On the contrary, the nutritive yalue of eggs is well-proven.
However, many recent studies argue that.the problem of blood cholesterol relates not as much to overall quantity of ::
cholesterol as to the.kinds oE cholesterol~and their respective amounts in the blood. The generally-accepted view maintains that a high level of low-density lipoprotein ~LDL) Will tend to en-courage the de~elopmen-t and aggravation of heart disease, while FEEDSTUFF, August 7, 14, 22 and 24, 1978 ~r 1 a hi~h level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) will tend to dis-courage it.
Increasing the level of ~IDL while lowering the level of LDL is desirable~ :[ngestion of ordinary egg yolk was found to slightly increase the level of HDL but it also greatly in-creased the level of LDL.
A number of diets (balancing polyunsaturated and saturated fats, for example) have been devised to heighten the level of HDL in order to prevent hypercholesterolemia. However, ~any of these have not proven satisfactory because they require major and difficult changes in the patient's eating habits. The objective of this invention is to provide a method for producing a composite for improving lipid metabolism. This composite can be ingested easily as an ordinary food in a daily diet and can improve the constitution ratio of HDL in the blood.
DISCL~S~ E OF T~IE INVENTION
We conducted numerous studies on how micro-nutrients, added to chicken feed, might influence the chemical composition of the egg. We also studied -the effects which different egg compositions ha~e on lipid metabo}ism and hematic cholesterol.
~e, the inventors, found that ingestion of eggs containing a high amount of iodine hàd the effect of heightening lipoprQtein lipase activity, of reducing glycogen consumption, and of sim-ultaneously improving the constitution ratio of high-density lipo-protein (HDL) in the blood.
This invention features eggs containing a high amount of iodine, which are used as an effective component of the com- -posite. Our research found no report that any food or composite containing a high amount of iodine or iodine itself demonstrates the above effects. Our in~ention, therefore, may be called a "pioneer invention".
2Nihon Uni~ersity Medical Department Bulletin #38, 1979 --2~
.~
8~
I`~ THODS OF OBTAINING: TEIE: INVENTION ' S EFFECTIVE COMPONENT
According to this invention, the effective component, eggs containing a high amount of iodine, is obtained in the following manner: an iodine compound, or a seaweed containing much iodine, or processed products thereof, is mixed in excess of the "normal" quantity into the Eeed which is fed to egg-laying birds. These birds then lay eggs which are high in iodine content. Iodine compounds which can be used include calcium iodate; potassium iodate; sodium iodate; potàssium iodide; sodium iodide; cuprous iodide; thymol iodide; calcium iodobehemate;
diiode salicylic acid; calcium periodate.
Therefore,in one aspect the present invention provides a mixture to be used for producing an i~dine-enriched egg con-taining at least 300 ~g of iodine, which comprises at least one iodine compound, a seaweed containing iodine, and a bird feed, wherein the iodine content of the ~ixture is 50 to 2,500 ppm.
Our studies show that, for reasons of sa~ety, chemical stability, and iodine transferability, calcium iodate is the most desirable iodine compound. It is even more desirable when seaweek, such as sea tangle, is added to it.
The iodine dosage ~aries according to the species of egg-laying bird. For hens, the dosage is between 5 and 250 mg per day per head, preferably between 5 and 15 mg. For a hen which ingests approximately 100 g of feed per day, the iodine compound should be added to raise the iodine content of the feed to between 50 and 2,500 ppm, preferably to between 50 and 150 ppm. Afte~ approximately one week, the hen begins to produce eggs containing a high level of iodine: ingesting a feed containing 3~ 50 ppm iodine yields eggs containing approximately 300 ~g iodine ,;h ~5~39~3 1 each; a feed containing 100 ppm iodine, eggs containing approx-imately 600--800 ~g each.
In contrast, ordinary egg production requires a feed with 0.30 to 0.35 mg of iodine per kg of feed. According to the American Egg Board, a co~mercially available feed which contains bet~een 0.3 and 2.0 mcJ o:E iodine per kg will produce ordinary eggs 3a-;
98~
1 containing approximately 6 ~g of iodine each, or at most 30 ~g each~ In comparison, the composite obtained by the aforemen-tioned methods contains a particularly high level of iodine.
This composite in high-iodine eggs may be used in natural, non-processed form. It may also be used after process-ing, i.e., drying, concentrating, powdering, or granulating.
It may also be used in the form OL tablets, powder, syrup, emul-sion or the like.
EXAMPLE
Calcium iodate was added to a commercially available feed until its iodine content reached 100 ppm, The feed was fed to hens which had begun to lay eggs three months earlier. After ten days, eggs containing an average of 55Q ~Ig iodine per egg were produced.
EXAMPI.E 2 Calcium iodate was added to a commerically available feed until its iodine content reached 2,000 ppm, and the admix-ture was increased ~y 1~ by adding powdered sea tangle. The feed was fed to laO hens which had begun to lay eggs seven.months earlier, ~ total of 170 kg of eggs produced ~y this method were spray dried, where~y 35 kg of the composite was obtained. Thls composite, in powdered-egg form, had an iodine content of 411-mg per kg, . Calcium periodate was added to a commerically~.available feed to obtain an iodine content of 150 ppm, which resulted in eggs with an average iodine content of 1~25 ~g each~ The eggs were ~roken and the contents were increased by 10~ with ~he addition of dextrin. After adding water and blending thoroughly, we spray~-dried the admixture to obtain the composite.
1 EX~PLE 4 Thymol iodate was added to a commercially available feed to obtain an iodine content of 75 ppm, which resulted in eggs with an average iodine content oE 450 ~g each. The com-posite was produced ~y ~re~ze-dryin~ these eggs.
EX~MPLE 5 -Diiodesalicylic acid was added to a commercially avail-a~le feed to obtain an iodine content of 100 ppm, and the admixture was increased by 1% with the addition of powdered sea tangle. This feed resulted in eggs with an average iodine content of 7 n 0 ~g each.
SAFETY OF THE INVENTION
To ascertain the safety of the composite, the following test was conducted.
Acute Virulence Test ~ . _ Animals used: lQ female rats~ Wistar descent, weighing 100-120 g each. In this tes~ rats were fed high-iodine powdered eggs in doses which were increased in geometric ratio to the maximum of sa mg of iodine per kg of the rat's weight~ After seven days, none of the rats had died or lost weight, The com-posite had no acute YirulenceO
The following animal experiments were then conducted to o~serve the composite's effect in improving the constitution ratio of high density lipoprotein ~HDL~ in the hlood.
Animals used: 30 male rats, SD descent, Three~week-old rats were placed in cages with a vol-untary exercise apparatus. For 10 days they were fed a commer-cially availa~le solid ~asic feed. They were fed twise a day ~etween 8 and ~ a.m. and between 9 and 10 p.m, with a powdered ~5-3L~S8~33 1 basic feed made ~y Nihon Nosan Kogyo, K.K. until they were 7 weeks old. They were divided into two groups of 15 each, with the same average weight and performance of voluntary excerise.
The fixst group, designated as the test group, was fed a test feed ~hich had been prepared ~y adding 2% powdered high-iodine egg of Example 2 to the powdered ~asic feed. The second group, designated as the control group, was fed a control feed which had ~een prepared ~y adding 2% powdered ordinary egg to the powdered ~asic feed. Ta~les 1 and 2 show the composition of egg powders and feed, respectively.
TABLE
Ordinary Egg Powder Composition Example 2 Powdered Egg Powdered Egg Moisture 4.2 3.6 % Crude Protein 48.5 49.6 % Crude Fat 40.9 40.3 Crude Ash 3.9 4.5 ~ Calcium 0.25 0.25 % Phosphorus 0~88 0.89 % Potassium 0.52 0~52 Magnesium 0 19 0,19 mg Iodine/kg 411.0 3.0 20 Test Feed Content Test Group Control Group % Moisture - 11.8 11,1 % Crude Protein 19.3 19,4 % Crude Fat 4.8 4.9 % Crude Fiber 6.3 6.7 % Crude Ash 6.0 6.1 ~g Protein/100 g 816,3 36.9 The temperature in each feeding cage was maintained at 25 ~ 2C, humidity, between 50% and 80%. The amount of each feed ingested was measured for three days per week, and each rat was weighed~twice per week. The-rats were fed in this manner for 10 weeks and then were decapitated some at 5 p.m, some at ~58983;
1 9 p.m., some at 12 a.m,, or ~efore, during and after feed inges-tion to measure the following: lipoprotein lipase activity in the adipose tissue; lipoprotein lipase activity in the skeletal muscles; glycogen level in the liver; glycogen level in the skeletal muscles; kotal amount of whole ~lood cholesterol;
amount of hematic high-density lipoprotein (HDL); and constitution ratio of hematic HDL.
Although there was little difference between the test group and the control group with respect to the amount of feed ingestion and weight increase ~Table 3) r the amount of voluntary exercise of the test group was consistently higher than that of the control group.
Average Value of 15 Heads Test Group Control Group Feed Ingestion Amount g/head~l~ weeks 1,694.1 1,725.8 Weight Increase g/head/10 weeks 188.9 202.5 Tables 4 and 5 show measurements o~ lipoprotein lipase ~LPL~ activity and the level o~ glycogen, respectively.
~Enzymatic reaction was determined ~y Gasquet's method; the amount of isolated fatty acid was then determined by Dole's method as improved ~y Trout et al,~
Average Value of 4-5 Heads Test Group Control Group LPL Activity in Adipose Tissue - 5 p.m. 25,9 25.1 9 p.m. 20.2 14.9 12 a,m. 31,5 24.1 LPL Activity in Skeletal 30 Muscles 5 p.m. 23.6 16.4 9 p.m. 29.5 26.3 12 a.m. 27.4 22.2 ~7-3983 ~
(The amount of glycogen was determined by the method of Lo et al.) Average Value Test Group Control Group Glycogen in Liver 5 p.~l. 46.9 40.5 ~ p.m. 43.0 32.1 12 a.m. 44.2 44.0 Glycogen in Skeletal Muscles 5 p.m. 4.10 3.81 ~ p.m. 4.22 3~20 12 a,m. 5.40 4.33 The measurement o~ the constitution ratio of hematic high-density lipoprotein ~HDL~ is shown in Table 6.
TA~LE
~The total amount of whole cholesterol was determined by Zurkowski's direct coloration-ultramicroanalysis method; the percentage of HDL was determined with subsequent use of the heparin Mn2~ processing method of Warnick et al.) Average Value of 14 HeadsTest GroupControl Group ~A~ Whole Cholesterol mg/dl 73.6 81.7 ~B~ HDL Cholesterol mg/dl58~5 62.2 Ratio of HDL or B/A 79.9% 76.1%
EXPERI~ENT 2 Animals used: 26 male rats, SD descent~
3-week-old rats ~ere fed in the same manner as in Exper-iment 1, but cages had no voluntary e~er-cise apparatus. Instead, the rats were compelled to exercise once a week with a compulsory s~imming exercise apparatus apparatus so as to experience fatigue The apparatus was set in 30C water with approximately 40 m~min of cu~rent speed, The first group was composed of 14 rats, the second 12.
3~ The total amount of whQle cholesterol and the amount of hematic ~S~983 1 HDL of each group were determined as in Experiment 1, These measurements are sho~n in Table 7. It is apparent that the con-stitution ratio oE hematic HDL was improved ~y the composite.
Average Value Test Group Control Group ~A) Whole Cholesterol mg/dl 85~8 84.0 (B~ HDL Cholesterol mg/dl 72.1 66.6 Ratio of HDL or B/A 83.4% 7~.9%
After the composite~s safety and its effect in improv-ing the constitut.ion ratio of hematic HDL in animals had ~een ascertained, clinical tests were conducted.
Clinical Test A daily dose of 3 g of powdered high-iodine egg of Example 2 was given over a period of 2 to 3 months to 10 out-patients with hypercholesterolemia. Both ~efore and after dosage ingestion, the total amount of ~hole ~lood cholesterol, the level of hematic HDL, and the level of hematic LDL were measured ~Ta~le 81. The composite increased in the amount of HDL while lowering that of LDL, _9_ .
~S~ 33 Before Dosage After Dosage (mg/dl) (mg/dl) Whole Cholesterol Patient 1 ~male) 247 241
TEC~INICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a bird ~eed mixture useful in producing iodine-enriched eggs.
This invention also relates to a method for producing a composite which has the efect of improving lipid.metabolism by heightening lipoprotein lipase activity, by reducing glycogen consumption, and by improvlng the constitution ratio of high-density lipoprotein in the blood. SpeciEically, this invention relates to a composite with an effective component which is a special egg containing a h.igh amount of iodine.
: BACKGROUND ~F THE INVENTION
-. Americans, as well as Japanese, have been cons~lming fewer and fewer.e~gs in recent years. This trend seems to reflect a fear *hat eating too many eggs may cause heart trouble, .a fear based on the theory that maintaining a diet high in cholesterol may increase the amount of serum or hematic cholesterol, - which in turn may increase the incidence of coronary artery : disease.
This view seems to prevail despite.reports that an :.
ordinary diet with one to three eggs per day.for several months ~ . makes no significant difference in the average level of blood : : cholesterol.l Limiting egg ingestion has never proven to be an effective means of preventing heart disease. On the contrary, the nutritive yalue of eggs is well-proven.
However, many recent studies argue that.the problem of blood cholesterol relates not as much to overall quantity of ::
cholesterol as to the.kinds oE cholesterol~and their respective amounts in the blood. The generally-accepted view maintains that a high level of low-density lipoprotein ~LDL) Will tend to en-courage the de~elopmen-t and aggravation of heart disease, while FEEDSTUFF, August 7, 14, 22 and 24, 1978 ~r 1 a hi~h level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) will tend to dis-courage it.
Increasing the level of ~IDL while lowering the level of LDL is desirable~ :[ngestion of ordinary egg yolk was found to slightly increase the level of HDL but it also greatly in-creased the level of LDL.
A number of diets (balancing polyunsaturated and saturated fats, for example) have been devised to heighten the level of HDL in order to prevent hypercholesterolemia. However, ~any of these have not proven satisfactory because they require major and difficult changes in the patient's eating habits. The objective of this invention is to provide a method for producing a composite for improving lipid metabolism. This composite can be ingested easily as an ordinary food in a daily diet and can improve the constitution ratio of HDL in the blood.
DISCL~S~ E OF T~IE INVENTION
We conducted numerous studies on how micro-nutrients, added to chicken feed, might influence the chemical composition of the egg. We also studied -the effects which different egg compositions ha~e on lipid metabo}ism and hematic cholesterol.
~e, the inventors, found that ingestion of eggs containing a high amount of iodine hàd the effect of heightening lipoprQtein lipase activity, of reducing glycogen consumption, and of sim-ultaneously improving the constitution ratio of high-density lipo-protein (HDL) in the blood.
This invention features eggs containing a high amount of iodine, which are used as an effective component of the com- -posite. Our research found no report that any food or composite containing a high amount of iodine or iodine itself demonstrates the above effects. Our in~ention, therefore, may be called a "pioneer invention".
2Nihon Uni~ersity Medical Department Bulletin #38, 1979 --2~
.~
8~
I`~ THODS OF OBTAINING: TEIE: INVENTION ' S EFFECTIVE COMPONENT
According to this invention, the effective component, eggs containing a high amount of iodine, is obtained in the following manner: an iodine compound, or a seaweed containing much iodine, or processed products thereof, is mixed in excess of the "normal" quantity into the Eeed which is fed to egg-laying birds. These birds then lay eggs which are high in iodine content. Iodine compounds which can be used include calcium iodate; potassium iodate; sodium iodate; potàssium iodide; sodium iodide; cuprous iodide; thymol iodide; calcium iodobehemate;
diiode salicylic acid; calcium periodate.
Therefore,in one aspect the present invention provides a mixture to be used for producing an i~dine-enriched egg con-taining at least 300 ~g of iodine, which comprises at least one iodine compound, a seaweed containing iodine, and a bird feed, wherein the iodine content of the ~ixture is 50 to 2,500 ppm.
Our studies show that, for reasons of sa~ety, chemical stability, and iodine transferability, calcium iodate is the most desirable iodine compound. It is even more desirable when seaweek, such as sea tangle, is added to it.
The iodine dosage ~aries according to the species of egg-laying bird. For hens, the dosage is between 5 and 250 mg per day per head, preferably between 5 and 15 mg. For a hen which ingests approximately 100 g of feed per day, the iodine compound should be added to raise the iodine content of the feed to between 50 and 2,500 ppm, preferably to between 50 and 150 ppm. Afte~ approximately one week, the hen begins to produce eggs containing a high level of iodine: ingesting a feed containing 3~ 50 ppm iodine yields eggs containing approximately 300 ~g iodine ,;h ~5~39~3 1 each; a feed containing 100 ppm iodine, eggs containing approx-imately 600--800 ~g each.
In contrast, ordinary egg production requires a feed with 0.30 to 0.35 mg of iodine per kg of feed. According to the American Egg Board, a co~mercially available feed which contains bet~een 0.3 and 2.0 mcJ o:E iodine per kg will produce ordinary eggs 3a-;
98~
1 containing approximately 6 ~g of iodine each, or at most 30 ~g each~ In comparison, the composite obtained by the aforemen-tioned methods contains a particularly high level of iodine.
This composite in high-iodine eggs may be used in natural, non-processed form. It may also be used after process-ing, i.e., drying, concentrating, powdering, or granulating.
It may also be used in the form OL tablets, powder, syrup, emul-sion or the like.
EXAMPLE
Calcium iodate was added to a commercially available feed until its iodine content reached 100 ppm, The feed was fed to hens which had begun to lay eggs three months earlier. After ten days, eggs containing an average of 55Q ~Ig iodine per egg were produced.
EXAMPI.E 2 Calcium iodate was added to a commerically available feed until its iodine content reached 2,000 ppm, and the admix-ture was increased ~y 1~ by adding powdered sea tangle. The feed was fed to laO hens which had begun to lay eggs seven.months earlier, ~ total of 170 kg of eggs produced ~y this method were spray dried, where~y 35 kg of the composite was obtained. Thls composite, in powdered-egg form, had an iodine content of 411-mg per kg, . Calcium periodate was added to a commerically~.available feed to obtain an iodine content of 150 ppm, which resulted in eggs with an average iodine content of 1~25 ~g each~ The eggs were ~roken and the contents were increased by 10~ with ~he addition of dextrin. After adding water and blending thoroughly, we spray~-dried the admixture to obtain the composite.
1 EX~PLE 4 Thymol iodate was added to a commercially available feed to obtain an iodine content of 75 ppm, which resulted in eggs with an average iodine content oE 450 ~g each. The com-posite was produced ~y ~re~ze-dryin~ these eggs.
EX~MPLE 5 -Diiodesalicylic acid was added to a commercially avail-a~le feed to obtain an iodine content of 100 ppm, and the admixture was increased by 1% with the addition of powdered sea tangle. This feed resulted in eggs with an average iodine content of 7 n 0 ~g each.
SAFETY OF THE INVENTION
To ascertain the safety of the composite, the following test was conducted.
Acute Virulence Test ~ . _ Animals used: lQ female rats~ Wistar descent, weighing 100-120 g each. In this tes~ rats were fed high-iodine powdered eggs in doses which were increased in geometric ratio to the maximum of sa mg of iodine per kg of the rat's weight~ After seven days, none of the rats had died or lost weight, The com-posite had no acute YirulenceO
The following animal experiments were then conducted to o~serve the composite's effect in improving the constitution ratio of high density lipoprotein ~HDL~ in the hlood.
Animals used: 30 male rats, SD descent, Three~week-old rats were placed in cages with a vol-untary exercise apparatus. For 10 days they were fed a commer-cially availa~le solid ~asic feed. They were fed twise a day ~etween 8 and ~ a.m. and between 9 and 10 p.m, with a powdered ~5-3L~S8~33 1 basic feed made ~y Nihon Nosan Kogyo, K.K. until they were 7 weeks old. They were divided into two groups of 15 each, with the same average weight and performance of voluntary excerise.
The fixst group, designated as the test group, was fed a test feed ~hich had been prepared ~y adding 2% powdered high-iodine egg of Example 2 to the powdered ~asic feed. The second group, designated as the control group, was fed a control feed which had ~een prepared ~y adding 2% powdered ordinary egg to the powdered ~asic feed. Ta~les 1 and 2 show the composition of egg powders and feed, respectively.
TABLE
Ordinary Egg Powder Composition Example 2 Powdered Egg Powdered Egg Moisture 4.2 3.6 % Crude Protein 48.5 49.6 % Crude Fat 40.9 40.3 Crude Ash 3.9 4.5 ~ Calcium 0.25 0.25 % Phosphorus 0~88 0.89 % Potassium 0.52 0~52 Magnesium 0 19 0,19 mg Iodine/kg 411.0 3.0 20 Test Feed Content Test Group Control Group % Moisture - 11.8 11,1 % Crude Protein 19.3 19,4 % Crude Fat 4.8 4.9 % Crude Fiber 6.3 6.7 % Crude Ash 6.0 6.1 ~g Protein/100 g 816,3 36.9 The temperature in each feeding cage was maintained at 25 ~ 2C, humidity, between 50% and 80%. The amount of each feed ingested was measured for three days per week, and each rat was weighed~twice per week. The-rats were fed in this manner for 10 weeks and then were decapitated some at 5 p.m, some at ~58983;
1 9 p.m., some at 12 a.m,, or ~efore, during and after feed inges-tion to measure the following: lipoprotein lipase activity in the adipose tissue; lipoprotein lipase activity in the skeletal muscles; glycogen level in the liver; glycogen level in the skeletal muscles; kotal amount of whole ~lood cholesterol;
amount of hematic high-density lipoprotein (HDL); and constitution ratio of hematic HDL.
Although there was little difference between the test group and the control group with respect to the amount of feed ingestion and weight increase ~Table 3) r the amount of voluntary exercise of the test group was consistently higher than that of the control group.
Average Value of 15 Heads Test Group Control Group Feed Ingestion Amount g/head~l~ weeks 1,694.1 1,725.8 Weight Increase g/head/10 weeks 188.9 202.5 Tables 4 and 5 show measurements o~ lipoprotein lipase ~LPL~ activity and the level o~ glycogen, respectively.
~Enzymatic reaction was determined ~y Gasquet's method; the amount of isolated fatty acid was then determined by Dole's method as improved ~y Trout et al,~
Average Value of 4-5 Heads Test Group Control Group LPL Activity in Adipose Tissue - 5 p.m. 25,9 25.1 9 p.m. 20.2 14.9 12 a,m. 31,5 24.1 LPL Activity in Skeletal 30 Muscles 5 p.m. 23.6 16.4 9 p.m. 29.5 26.3 12 a.m. 27.4 22.2 ~7-3983 ~
(The amount of glycogen was determined by the method of Lo et al.) Average Value Test Group Control Group Glycogen in Liver 5 p.~l. 46.9 40.5 ~ p.m. 43.0 32.1 12 a.m. 44.2 44.0 Glycogen in Skeletal Muscles 5 p.m. 4.10 3.81 ~ p.m. 4.22 3~20 12 a,m. 5.40 4.33 The measurement o~ the constitution ratio of hematic high-density lipoprotein ~HDL~ is shown in Table 6.
TA~LE
~The total amount of whole cholesterol was determined by Zurkowski's direct coloration-ultramicroanalysis method; the percentage of HDL was determined with subsequent use of the heparin Mn2~ processing method of Warnick et al.) Average Value of 14 HeadsTest GroupControl Group ~A~ Whole Cholesterol mg/dl 73.6 81.7 ~B~ HDL Cholesterol mg/dl58~5 62.2 Ratio of HDL or B/A 79.9% 76.1%
EXPERI~ENT 2 Animals used: 26 male rats, SD descent~
3-week-old rats ~ere fed in the same manner as in Exper-iment 1, but cages had no voluntary e~er-cise apparatus. Instead, the rats were compelled to exercise once a week with a compulsory s~imming exercise apparatus apparatus so as to experience fatigue The apparatus was set in 30C water with approximately 40 m~min of cu~rent speed, The first group was composed of 14 rats, the second 12.
3~ The total amount of whQle cholesterol and the amount of hematic ~S~983 1 HDL of each group were determined as in Experiment 1, These measurements are sho~n in Table 7. It is apparent that the con-stitution ratio oE hematic HDL was improved ~y the composite.
Average Value Test Group Control Group ~A) Whole Cholesterol mg/dl 85~8 84.0 (B~ HDL Cholesterol mg/dl 72.1 66.6 Ratio of HDL or B/A 83.4% 7~.9%
After the composite~s safety and its effect in improv-ing the constitut.ion ratio of hematic HDL in animals had ~een ascertained, clinical tests were conducted.
Clinical Test A daily dose of 3 g of powdered high-iodine egg of Example 2 was given over a period of 2 to 3 months to 10 out-patients with hypercholesterolemia. Both ~efore and after dosage ingestion, the total amount of ~hole ~lood cholesterol, the level of hematic HDL, and the level of hematic LDL were measured ~Ta~le 81. The composite increased in the amount of HDL while lowering that of LDL, _9_ .
~S~ 33 Before Dosage After Dosage (mg/dl) (mg/dl) Whole Cholesterol Patient 1 ~male) 247 241
2 (male) 260 222
3 ~male) 209. 224
4 (:Eemale) 369 369
5 (malel 241 236
6 (male) 213 219
7 ~male~ 208 222
8 ~female) 3Q8 307
9 (.male~ 320 318
10 (male) 215 237 HDL Cholesterol 10Patient l (male~ 43 61 2 (male) 36 38 3 ~male) 33 ~38 4 (female) 33 82 5 ~male) 31 40 6 ~male) 52 66 7 ~male~ 54 56 8 (female~ 68 .87 9 (male) 35 35 10 (male~ 43 59 Ratio o~ HDL
Patient l ~male~ 17.4% 25.3%
2 ~male~ 13.8% 17.1%
3 (male~ 15,8% 17.0%
4 (female). 8.9% 22.2%
5 (male~ 12.9% 16~9%
6 ~male~ 24.4% 30~1%
7 ~male~ 26.0% 25.2%
8 (~emale~ 22.1% 28,3%
209. ~male~ 10.~% 11,0%
la ~male~ 20.0% 24.9%
LDL
. Patient 1 (male~ 581 562 : 2 (male) 631 533 3 (male1 432 509 4 ~emale~ 972 903 5 ~male2 548 557 6 (male~ 395 456 7 (male) 558 498 8 ~female) 705 704 : 9. ~male~ 773 773 10 ~male) 450 512 Both animal experiments and clinical tests indicate that the composite has ~oth effects: it heightens lipoprotein lipase activit~ and reduces glycogen consumption, and it improves 9~33 1 the constitution ratio of hematic HDL.
Although.the precise cause of this has not yet been determined, it is theorized that the iodine transferred to eggs through the hen's living body comb.ines chemically with the com-position of the egg, and that is combination directly or indi-rectly acts on lipoprotein lipase activity to produce said effects, Continued ingestion of the composite, which does not produce immediate effects, is desirable, The composite does not cause any ill side-effects, and it is superior to ordinary eggs in its nutritive value.
When one or two eggs with an iodine cont~nt of ~00 to l,Q0.0 ~g per egg are ingested as a part of one's daily diet, the intended improvement begins to show in approximately one month.
This.is accomplished without.abnormally upsetting the constitution ratio of the.,h.ematic lipoproteins. Thus, according to the method of this invention, such a very effective composite can be produced easil~ and surely.
: :~0 ' .
Patient l ~male~ 17.4% 25.3%
2 ~male~ 13.8% 17.1%
3 (male~ 15,8% 17.0%
4 (female). 8.9% 22.2%
5 (male~ 12.9% 16~9%
6 ~male~ 24.4% 30~1%
7 ~male~ 26.0% 25.2%
8 (~emale~ 22.1% 28,3%
209. ~male~ 10.~% 11,0%
la ~male~ 20.0% 24.9%
LDL
. Patient 1 (male~ 581 562 : 2 (male) 631 533 3 (male1 432 509 4 ~emale~ 972 903 5 ~male2 548 557 6 (male~ 395 456 7 (male) 558 498 8 ~female) 705 704 : 9. ~male~ 773 773 10 ~male) 450 512 Both animal experiments and clinical tests indicate that the composite has ~oth effects: it heightens lipoprotein lipase activit~ and reduces glycogen consumption, and it improves 9~33 1 the constitution ratio of hematic HDL.
Although.the precise cause of this has not yet been determined, it is theorized that the iodine transferred to eggs through the hen's living body comb.ines chemically with the com-position of the egg, and that is combination directly or indi-rectly acts on lipoprotein lipase activity to produce said effects, Continued ingestion of the composite, which does not produce immediate effects, is desirable, The composite does not cause any ill side-effects, and it is superior to ordinary eggs in its nutritive value.
When one or two eggs with an iodine cont~nt of ~00 to l,Q0.0 ~g per egg are ingested as a part of one's daily diet, the intended improvement begins to show in approximately one month.
This.is accomplished without.abnormally upsetting the constitution ratio of the.,h.ematic lipoproteins. Thus, according to the method of this invention, such a very effective composite can be produced easil~ and surely.
: :~0 ' .
Claims (3)
1. A mixture to be used for producing an iodine-enriched egg containing at least 300 µg of iodine, which comprises at least one iodine compound, a seaweed containing iodine, and a bird feed, wherein the iodine content of said mixture is 50 to 2,500 ppm.
2. A mixture as claimed in claim 1 wherein said at least one iodine compound is selected from a group consisting of calcium iodate, potassium iodate, sodium iodate, potassium iodide, sodium iodide, cuprous iodide, thymol iodide, calcium iodobehemate, diiode salicylic acid and calcium periodate.
3. A mixture as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein said seaweed is selected from a group consisting of processed powder of seaweed and processed extract of seaweed.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP360780A JPS56102789A (en) | 1980-01-18 | 1980-01-18 | Composition increasing lipoprotein lipase activity, having saving action of glycogen consumption |
| JP3607/L980 | 1980-01-18 | ||
| JP2800480A JPS56125314A (en) | 1980-03-07 | 1980-03-07 | Composition for improving constitutional ratio of lipoprotein with high specific gravity in blood |
| JP28004/1980 | 1980-03-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1158983A true CA1158983A (en) | 1983-12-20 |
Family
ID=26337235
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000367730A Expired CA1158983A (en) | 1980-01-18 | 1980-12-30 | Bird feed mixture to produce iodine enriched eggs |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1158983A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3048700A1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR82331B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4858560A (en) * | 1987-01-07 | 1989-08-22 | Toyo Jozo Co., Ltd. | Method of breeding poultry for food |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1692489C3 (en) * | 1966-10-01 | 1979-03-15 | Sieverding, Louis, Monterey Park, Calif. (V.St.A.) | Drink for chickens |
-
1980
- 1980-12-02 GR GR63529A patent/GR82331B/el unknown
- 1980-12-23 DE DE19803048700 patent/DE3048700A1/en active Granted
- 1980-12-30 CA CA000367730A patent/CA1158983A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4858560A (en) * | 1987-01-07 | 1989-08-22 | Toyo Jozo Co., Ltd. | Method of breeding poultry for food |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GR82331B (en) | 1984-12-13 |
| DE3048700C2 (en) | 1987-02-26 |
| DE3048700A1 (en) | 1981-09-10 |
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