CA1155031A - Smoking article - Google Patents
Smoking articleInfo
- Publication number
- CA1155031A CA1155031A CA000364724A CA364724A CA1155031A CA 1155031 A CA1155031 A CA 1155031A CA 000364724 A CA000364724 A CA 000364724A CA 364724 A CA364724 A CA 364724A CA 1155031 A CA1155031 A CA 1155031A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- fuel rod
- flavourant
- aerosol
- inhalant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/18—Selection of materials, other than tobacco, suitable for smoking
Abstract
Abstract A smokeable device has an annular fuel rod in gaseous communication with a mouth-end chamber. The chamber contains a quantity of inhalent material which, when contacted by hot gases during smoking forms and aerosol for inhalation by the smoker.
Description
1~5S~
Technical Field Among the reasons why most people smoke conventional cigarettes is that they wish to inhale an aerosol containing nicotine. However, when smoking such cigarettes not only is some nicotine lost by pyrolysis and to sidestream during smoulder between puffs, but, in addition, objectionable compounds such as carbon monoxide are also inhaled.
The present invention provides a smokeable device in which the above disadvantages are at least substantially avoided.
Background Art A previously proposed smokeable device which aimed at avoiding the above-mentioned disadvantages is described in United States Patent 3,356,094 in the name of C.D. Ellis et al. This comprised a tube formed of tobacco having a mouthpiece attached at one end. An axial inner tube of material which is frang-ible under heat is contained within the tobacco tube and is coated on its inner surface with an additive material such as nicotine. Thus, on smoking, hot gases are drawn up the inner tube and release the nicotine in the form of an aerosol for inhalation by the smoker. However, with this device there is an appreciable loss of nicotine and other desirable compounds such as flavourants during smoul-der. There is also a tendency for the inner tube to protrude unattractively from the burning end during smoking.
Invention A cigarette-simulating smokeable device for releasing an aerosol into the mouth of a smoker comprising:
a) a rod of fuel having a longitudinally extending passage therethrough;
b) a chamber in gaseous communication with an end of the passage whereby during smoking hot gases from the burning fuel rod enter the chamber c) inhalant material located in the chamber which when contacted by the hot gases during smoking, forms an aerosol for inhalation by the smoker, .~ ~
- --~155~1IA~
d) the chamber having at an end remote from the fuel rod a mouth-end closure member which is permeable to the aerosol.
The chamber and the mouth-end closure member are preferably of unitary construction and may be formed by moulding or extruding a conventional smoke fil-ter plug to provide a chamber to contain the inhalant material.
Preferably the fuel rod is a moulding or extrusion of reconstituted tobacco and/or tobacco substitute.
The wall of the fuel rod is preferably impermeable to air.
The inhalant material may comprise nicotine source material or spray dried granules of flavourant whose composition lies within the range 30-60% by weight of a solution of flavourant in triacetin or benzyl benzoate encapsulated in 40-70% by weight of gum acacia or a modified starch. The inhalant material may further comprise microcapsules formed by the coacervation method which cap-sules comprise 50-80% by weight of flavourant in a mixture of gelatin and gum acacia.
Preferably the end of the fuel rod to be lighted is closed by a com-bustible member.
Drawings The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:-Figure 1 J Figure 2 and Figure 3 are longitudinal sections throughfirst, second and third embodiments of a smokeable device; and Figure 4 shows a section through a chamber for containing inhalant ma-terial.
The smokeable device shown in Figure 1 comprises a generally cylindri-cal fuel rod 11 extruded or moulded from tobacco or a tobacco substitute. An example of such a tobacco substitute is that described in our United Kingdom Patent No. 1J113J979. An axial passage 12 extends the length of the fuel rod -' .
115S~l ll. The wall of the rod 11 is substantially impervious to air so that when an end is lighted the flow of moist hot gases produced during combustion is con-fined to pass down passage 12 towards aerosol precursor chamber 14 during smok-ing. A conventional cellulose paper filter tip 13 is provided at an end of the device remote from the fuel rod. The filter is preferably as short as practica-ble as its purpose is merely to close the end of chamber 14.
Chamber 14 comprises a cylindrical body 15 which is formed of an air impermeable cellulosic material such as cellulose acetate or paper. The aerosol precursor (or inhalant) material contained in the chamber 14 comprises a vola-tile flavourant solution micro-encapsulated in gum acacia heat rupturable gran-ules of 16-52 mesh size.
In use, when the end 10 of the fuel rod is lighted, air is drawn axially through the device when a smoker takes a puff. Air entering the passage 12 passes the burning coal and is heated and mixed with the combustion gases from the burning rod. This stream of hot gases passes down the passage 12 and between the granules of the precursor material to exit through the filter tip 13 into the mouth of the smoker. The flow of hot gases through the precursor mate-rial ruptures the microcapsules and releases the volatile solution to form an aerosol of flavourant. Thus the smoker inhales an aerosol of flavourant sub-stantially free from toxic compounds with each puff on the device.
The overall length of the device is 70 mm, the diameter is 7 mm andthe diameter of the passage 12 is 2.2 mm.
The embodiment shown in Figure 2 is generally similar to that shown in Figure 1 but differs in the design of the aerosol precursor chamber 14. In this embodiment the chamber 14 and the filter tip 13 are formed as an integral unit in the following manner. A conventional cellulose acetate filter tip has a cham-ber 14 moulded in one end by the insertion of a hot forming probe. Inhalant ma-terial in the form of a spray dried powder is then injected into the chamber 14.
1~55~
As this material is insufficiently adhesive to be retained in the chamber, an air porous disc 16 is provided between the chamber and the fuel rod 11. A com-bustible plug 17 located in the open end 10 of the fuel rod to close the passage 12 assists even lighting of the rod and helps to make the device resemble a con-ventional cigarette. The plug 17 is formed of the same material as the fuel rod. Plug 17 may also have the form of a disc having the same area as the cross-section of the fuel rod 11.
In use, with smokeable devices of either embodiment, the temperature of the burning coal is in the region of 800C and the temperature of the air mix-ture downstream at the inhalant material varies between 130C and 500C during the smoking of the device.
Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of smoking device which again dif-fers in the design of the aerosol chamber 14. The chamber 14 comprises a cylin-der l9 moulded from cellulose acetate which is closed at the mouthpiece end by a cellulose-paper filter 13. Adjacent the end of the fuel rod 11 the chamber 14 contains an annular cartridge 20 formed of flavourant-containing spray-dried gum acacia microcapsules. The annular cartridge 20 defines a tubular passage 21 which connects with the axial passage 12 in the fuel rod ll. The remaining por-tion of the chamber 14 forms an aerosol mixing chamber 22. In use hot, moist gases are drawn down passage 12 and into passage 21 where they pass over the microcapsules causing them to rupture and release their flavourant. The flavour-ant-containing gases pass into the mixing chamber 22 where they expand and inter-mix thus ensuring an evenly distributed aerosol.
Figure 4 shows a section through a further embodiment of precursor chamber 14. Cellulosic material 18 is extruded in lengths having the section shown. During the extrusion a length of flavourant-containing material is simul-taneously extruded axially through the length of the outer extrusion. The re-sulting extrusion is then cut into short lengths each of which forms an integral ~lSS~3~
aerosol precursor chamber. Alternative sections to that shown in Figure 3 may be used. It is also envisaged that the flavourant containing material may be added independently to pre-prepared chambers 14.
In order to access the performance of smokeable devices as described above experiments were carried out to determine the yield of a flavourant into the mainstream aerosol during smoking. Triacetin and hexadecane were selected in place of nicotine as these behave in a similar fashion to nicotine but are easier to detect experimentally. The tests used the normal smoking regime of 1 puff of 2 seconds duration and 35 ml volume every minute.
A test carried out with the embodiment of Figure 1 used triacetin spray-dried in gum acacia. The particles were sieved and only those of 16-52 mesh size were used. The triacetin transfer into the mainstream aerosol was be-tween 0.57 and 1.17 mg. Where the test was carried out using nicotine in place of triacetin the yield was 0.77 mg.
A test was carried out using the embodiment of Figure 2 and the same flavourant-containing material as in the previous test. With this embodiment the triacetin transfer was between 0.9 and 1.85 mg.
Finally the embodiment of Figure 3 was tested. In this embodiment hexadecane was used to simulate the flavourant. The yield into the mainstream aerosol was 0.83 mg.
The fuel rod 11 may in either embodiment have a conventional cigarette paper wrapped around it. The rod may further be formed of a mixture of tobacco substitute material and carbon or alternatively formed of other suitable combus-tible material, e.g. wood pulp, straw and heat-treated cellulose or an SCMC and carbon mixture.
It is envisaged that the aerosol chamber 14 of Figure 3 could be pre-pared from a rectangular piece of cellulose acetate having a band of flavourant-containing material applied along one of its edges. The rectangular piece would ~5~31 be rolled to form a tube and the abutting edges would then be joined. As a re-sult of the rolling, the band of flavourant-containing material would adopt the annular form 20 of Figure 3.
The aerosol material may, as an alternative to a flavourant solution, comprise a solution of a flavourant and/or nicotine in triacetin or benzyl benzoate. Any psycho-active or physiologically active compound such as ephed-rine or a nicotine/ephedrine mixture may be used as may emollients, smoothing agents or amerliorants.
The inhalant material may comprise nicotine encapsulated in a spray dried powder. Alternatively the nicotine may be encapsulated in an expanded ma-trix of a thermoplastic material, eg. polyurethane.
The inhalant, or flavour-containing material may comprise nicotine source material or spray dried granules of flavourant whose composition lies within the range 10-100%, but preferably 30-60% by weight of a solution of fla-vourant in triacetin or benzyl-benzoate encapsulated in 10-70%, but preferably 40-70% by weight of gum acacia or a modified starch. The inhalant material may further comprise microcapsules formed by the coacervation method which capsules comprise 10-90%, but preferably 50-80% by weight of flavourant in gum acacia, gelatin, or a mixture thereof.
As an alternative to gum acacia the flavourant-containing material could comprise gelatin.
The fuel rod may be impregnated with burn-modifying material, e.g.
potassium citrate. The fuel rod may also be impregnated with fragrances which are released on smoking.
In the case where the inhalant material comprises a spray dried powder the need for the provision of an air porous disc 16 may be obviated if after in-jecting the powder into the chamber 14, the filter tip is left to stand in con-ditions of high humidity. This method results in the powder becoming adhered to 1155Q~l the inner surfaces of the chamber 14.
Thus the smoking devices described in accordance with the invention provide a means of controlling the substances which are released into the main-stream smoke. The loss of the inhalant material by pyrolysis and to sidestream s during smoulder is also minimised. Additionally such smoking devices closely resemble normal cigarettes in appearance.
Technical Field Among the reasons why most people smoke conventional cigarettes is that they wish to inhale an aerosol containing nicotine. However, when smoking such cigarettes not only is some nicotine lost by pyrolysis and to sidestream during smoulder between puffs, but, in addition, objectionable compounds such as carbon monoxide are also inhaled.
The present invention provides a smokeable device in which the above disadvantages are at least substantially avoided.
Background Art A previously proposed smokeable device which aimed at avoiding the above-mentioned disadvantages is described in United States Patent 3,356,094 in the name of C.D. Ellis et al. This comprised a tube formed of tobacco having a mouthpiece attached at one end. An axial inner tube of material which is frang-ible under heat is contained within the tobacco tube and is coated on its inner surface with an additive material such as nicotine. Thus, on smoking, hot gases are drawn up the inner tube and release the nicotine in the form of an aerosol for inhalation by the smoker. However, with this device there is an appreciable loss of nicotine and other desirable compounds such as flavourants during smoul-der. There is also a tendency for the inner tube to protrude unattractively from the burning end during smoking.
Invention A cigarette-simulating smokeable device for releasing an aerosol into the mouth of a smoker comprising:
a) a rod of fuel having a longitudinally extending passage therethrough;
b) a chamber in gaseous communication with an end of the passage whereby during smoking hot gases from the burning fuel rod enter the chamber c) inhalant material located in the chamber which when contacted by the hot gases during smoking, forms an aerosol for inhalation by the smoker, .~ ~
- --~155~1IA~
d) the chamber having at an end remote from the fuel rod a mouth-end closure member which is permeable to the aerosol.
The chamber and the mouth-end closure member are preferably of unitary construction and may be formed by moulding or extruding a conventional smoke fil-ter plug to provide a chamber to contain the inhalant material.
Preferably the fuel rod is a moulding or extrusion of reconstituted tobacco and/or tobacco substitute.
The wall of the fuel rod is preferably impermeable to air.
The inhalant material may comprise nicotine source material or spray dried granules of flavourant whose composition lies within the range 30-60% by weight of a solution of flavourant in triacetin or benzyl benzoate encapsulated in 40-70% by weight of gum acacia or a modified starch. The inhalant material may further comprise microcapsules formed by the coacervation method which cap-sules comprise 50-80% by weight of flavourant in a mixture of gelatin and gum acacia.
Preferably the end of the fuel rod to be lighted is closed by a com-bustible member.
Drawings The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:-Figure 1 J Figure 2 and Figure 3 are longitudinal sections throughfirst, second and third embodiments of a smokeable device; and Figure 4 shows a section through a chamber for containing inhalant ma-terial.
The smokeable device shown in Figure 1 comprises a generally cylindri-cal fuel rod 11 extruded or moulded from tobacco or a tobacco substitute. An example of such a tobacco substitute is that described in our United Kingdom Patent No. 1J113J979. An axial passage 12 extends the length of the fuel rod -' .
115S~l ll. The wall of the rod 11 is substantially impervious to air so that when an end is lighted the flow of moist hot gases produced during combustion is con-fined to pass down passage 12 towards aerosol precursor chamber 14 during smok-ing. A conventional cellulose paper filter tip 13 is provided at an end of the device remote from the fuel rod. The filter is preferably as short as practica-ble as its purpose is merely to close the end of chamber 14.
Chamber 14 comprises a cylindrical body 15 which is formed of an air impermeable cellulosic material such as cellulose acetate or paper. The aerosol precursor (or inhalant) material contained in the chamber 14 comprises a vola-tile flavourant solution micro-encapsulated in gum acacia heat rupturable gran-ules of 16-52 mesh size.
In use, when the end 10 of the fuel rod is lighted, air is drawn axially through the device when a smoker takes a puff. Air entering the passage 12 passes the burning coal and is heated and mixed with the combustion gases from the burning rod. This stream of hot gases passes down the passage 12 and between the granules of the precursor material to exit through the filter tip 13 into the mouth of the smoker. The flow of hot gases through the precursor mate-rial ruptures the microcapsules and releases the volatile solution to form an aerosol of flavourant. Thus the smoker inhales an aerosol of flavourant sub-stantially free from toxic compounds with each puff on the device.
The overall length of the device is 70 mm, the diameter is 7 mm andthe diameter of the passage 12 is 2.2 mm.
The embodiment shown in Figure 2 is generally similar to that shown in Figure 1 but differs in the design of the aerosol precursor chamber 14. In this embodiment the chamber 14 and the filter tip 13 are formed as an integral unit in the following manner. A conventional cellulose acetate filter tip has a cham-ber 14 moulded in one end by the insertion of a hot forming probe. Inhalant ma-terial in the form of a spray dried powder is then injected into the chamber 14.
1~55~
As this material is insufficiently adhesive to be retained in the chamber, an air porous disc 16 is provided between the chamber and the fuel rod 11. A com-bustible plug 17 located in the open end 10 of the fuel rod to close the passage 12 assists even lighting of the rod and helps to make the device resemble a con-ventional cigarette. The plug 17 is formed of the same material as the fuel rod. Plug 17 may also have the form of a disc having the same area as the cross-section of the fuel rod 11.
In use, with smokeable devices of either embodiment, the temperature of the burning coal is in the region of 800C and the temperature of the air mix-ture downstream at the inhalant material varies between 130C and 500C during the smoking of the device.
Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of smoking device which again dif-fers in the design of the aerosol chamber 14. The chamber 14 comprises a cylin-der l9 moulded from cellulose acetate which is closed at the mouthpiece end by a cellulose-paper filter 13. Adjacent the end of the fuel rod 11 the chamber 14 contains an annular cartridge 20 formed of flavourant-containing spray-dried gum acacia microcapsules. The annular cartridge 20 defines a tubular passage 21 which connects with the axial passage 12 in the fuel rod ll. The remaining por-tion of the chamber 14 forms an aerosol mixing chamber 22. In use hot, moist gases are drawn down passage 12 and into passage 21 where they pass over the microcapsules causing them to rupture and release their flavourant. The flavour-ant-containing gases pass into the mixing chamber 22 where they expand and inter-mix thus ensuring an evenly distributed aerosol.
Figure 4 shows a section through a further embodiment of precursor chamber 14. Cellulosic material 18 is extruded in lengths having the section shown. During the extrusion a length of flavourant-containing material is simul-taneously extruded axially through the length of the outer extrusion. The re-sulting extrusion is then cut into short lengths each of which forms an integral ~lSS~3~
aerosol precursor chamber. Alternative sections to that shown in Figure 3 may be used. It is also envisaged that the flavourant containing material may be added independently to pre-prepared chambers 14.
In order to access the performance of smokeable devices as described above experiments were carried out to determine the yield of a flavourant into the mainstream aerosol during smoking. Triacetin and hexadecane were selected in place of nicotine as these behave in a similar fashion to nicotine but are easier to detect experimentally. The tests used the normal smoking regime of 1 puff of 2 seconds duration and 35 ml volume every minute.
A test carried out with the embodiment of Figure 1 used triacetin spray-dried in gum acacia. The particles were sieved and only those of 16-52 mesh size were used. The triacetin transfer into the mainstream aerosol was be-tween 0.57 and 1.17 mg. Where the test was carried out using nicotine in place of triacetin the yield was 0.77 mg.
A test was carried out using the embodiment of Figure 2 and the same flavourant-containing material as in the previous test. With this embodiment the triacetin transfer was between 0.9 and 1.85 mg.
Finally the embodiment of Figure 3 was tested. In this embodiment hexadecane was used to simulate the flavourant. The yield into the mainstream aerosol was 0.83 mg.
The fuel rod 11 may in either embodiment have a conventional cigarette paper wrapped around it. The rod may further be formed of a mixture of tobacco substitute material and carbon or alternatively formed of other suitable combus-tible material, e.g. wood pulp, straw and heat-treated cellulose or an SCMC and carbon mixture.
It is envisaged that the aerosol chamber 14 of Figure 3 could be pre-pared from a rectangular piece of cellulose acetate having a band of flavourant-containing material applied along one of its edges. The rectangular piece would ~5~31 be rolled to form a tube and the abutting edges would then be joined. As a re-sult of the rolling, the band of flavourant-containing material would adopt the annular form 20 of Figure 3.
The aerosol material may, as an alternative to a flavourant solution, comprise a solution of a flavourant and/or nicotine in triacetin or benzyl benzoate. Any psycho-active or physiologically active compound such as ephed-rine or a nicotine/ephedrine mixture may be used as may emollients, smoothing agents or amerliorants.
The inhalant material may comprise nicotine encapsulated in a spray dried powder. Alternatively the nicotine may be encapsulated in an expanded ma-trix of a thermoplastic material, eg. polyurethane.
The inhalant, or flavour-containing material may comprise nicotine source material or spray dried granules of flavourant whose composition lies within the range 10-100%, but preferably 30-60% by weight of a solution of fla-vourant in triacetin or benzyl-benzoate encapsulated in 10-70%, but preferably 40-70% by weight of gum acacia or a modified starch. The inhalant material may further comprise microcapsules formed by the coacervation method which capsules comprise 10-90%, but preferably 50-80% by weight of flavourant in gum acacia, gelatin, or a mixture thereof.
As an alternative to gum acacia the flavourant-containing material could comprise gelatin.
The fuel rod may be impregnated with burn-modifying material, e.g.
potassium citrate. The fuel rod may also be impregnated with fragrances which are released on smoking.
In the case where the inhalant material comprises a spray dried powder the need for the provision of an air porous disc 16 may be obviated if after in-jecting the powder into the chamber 14, the filter tip is left to stand in con-ditions of high humidity. This method results in the powder becoming adhered to 1155Q~l the inner surfaces of the chamber 14.
Thus the smoking devices described in accordance with the invention provide a means of controlling the substances which are released into the main-stream smoke. The loss of the inhalant material by pyrolysis and to sidestream s during smoulder is also minimised. Additionally such smoking devices closely resemble normal cigarettes in appearance.
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS
1. A cigarette-simulating smokeable device for releasing an aerosol into the mouth of a smoker comprising: (a) a rod of fuel having a longitudin-ally extending passage therethrough; (b) a chamber in gaseous communication with an end of the passage whereby during smoking hot gases from the burn-ing fuel rod enter the chamber (c) inhalant material located in the chamber which, when contacted by the hot gases during smoking forms an aerosol for inhalation by the smoker, (d) the chamber having at an end remote from the fuel rod a mouth-end closure member which is permeable to the aerosol.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1 in which the chamber and the mouth-end closure member are of unitary construction and may be formed by moulding or extruding a conventional smoke filter plug to provide a chamber to contain the inhalant material.
3. A device as claimed in claim 1 in which the fuel rod is a moulding or extrusion of reconstituted tobacco and/or tobacco substitute.
4. A device as claimed in claim 3 in which the wall of the fuel rod is impermeable to air.
5. A device as claimed in claim 1 in which the inhalant material comp-rises nicotine source material or spray dried granules of flavourant whose composition lies within the range 30-60% by weight of a solution of flavourant in triacetin or benzyl benzoate encapsulated in 40-70% by weight of gum acacia or a modified starch.
6. A device as claimed in claim 5 in which the inhalant material further comprises microcapsules formed by the coacervation method which capsules comprise 50-80% by weight of flavourant in a mixture of gelatin and gum acacia.
7. A device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3, in which the end of the fuel rod to be lighted is closed by a combustible member,
8, A device as claimed in claim 4 or 5 or 6, in which the end of the fuel rod to be lighted is closed by a combustible member.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB39739/79 | 1979-11-16 | ||
| GB7939739 | 1979-11-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1155031A true CA1155031A (en) | 1983-10-11 |
Family
ID=10509251
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000364724A Expired CA1155031A (en) | 1979-11-16 | 1980-11-14 | Smoking article |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1155031A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE51099B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE449551B (en) |
-
1980
- 1980-11-11 SE SE8007911A patent/SE449551B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-11-14 CA CA000364724A patent/CA1155031A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-11-14 IE IE2374/80A patent/IE51099B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE8007911L (en) | 1981-05-17 |
| IE51099B1 (en) | 1986-10-01 |
| SE449551B (en) | 1987-05-11 |
| IE802374L (en) | 1981-05-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |