CA1154934A - Separation of ammonia from ammonia containing gases - Google Patents
Separation of ammonia from ammonia containing gasesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1154934A CA1154934A CA000355894A CA355894A CA1154934A CA 1154934 A CA1154934 A CA 1154934A CA 000355894 A CA000355894 A CA 000355894A CA 355894 A CA355894 A CA 355894A CA 1154934 A CA1154934 A CA 1154934A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- gases
- anions
- mixture
- acids
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000005619 boric acid group Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005624 silicic acid group Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 42
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940010556 ammonium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PQMFVUNERGGBPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6-bromopyridin-2-yl)hydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=CC(Br)=N1 PQMFVUNERGGBPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007836 KH2PO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Metaphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHXFKXOIODIUJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 BHXFKXOIODIUJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Chemical class O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FQLQNUZHYYPPBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;azane Chemical compound N.[K+] FQLQNUZHYYPPBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEVDHBJGNOKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K vanadic acid Chemical compound O[V](O)(O)=O WQEVDHBJGNOKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/12—Separation of ammonia from gases and vapours
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US58,695 | 1979-07-18 | ||
| US06/058,695 US4287162A (en) | 1979-07-18 | 1979-07-18 | Separation of ammonia from ammonia containing gases |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1154934A true CA1154934A (en) | 1983-10-11 |
Family
ID=22018358
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000355894A Expired CA1154934A (en) | 1979-07-18 | 1980-07-10 | Separation of ammonia from ammonia containing gases |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4287162A (ref) |
| JP (1) | JPS5659621A (ref) |
| BE (1) | BE884358A (ref) |
| CA (1) | CA1154934A (ref) |
| DE (1) | DE3027330A1 (ref) |
| FR (1) | FR2461682A1 (ref) |
| GB (1) | GB2053180B (ref) |
| IT (1) | IT1131903B (ref) |
| NL (1) | NL8003958A (ref) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10239016B2 (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2019-03-26 | Nuorganics LLC | Systems and methods for nitrogen recovery from a gas stream |
| US10513466B2 (en) | 2017-01-16 | 2019-12-24 | Nuorganics LLC | System and method for recovering nitrogenous compounds from a gas stream |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4906447A (en) * | 1988-02-12 | 1990-03-06 | Schwarzenbek Eugene F | Synthetic ammonia process |
| US5244645A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1993-09-14 | Shell Oil Company | Process for removing NH3 from a liquid stream |
| DE4217921A1 (de) * | 1992-05-30 | 1993-12-02 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von Ammoniak und organischen Verbindungen aus mit organischen Stoffen, Kohlendioxid und Ammoniak beladenen Abgasen |
| US5496778A (en) * | 1994-01-07 | 1996-03-05 | Startec Ventures, Inc. | Point-of-use ammonia purification for electronic component manufacture |
| TW382005B (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 2000-02-11 | Standard Oil Co Ohio | Process for recovery and recycle of ammonia from an acrylonitrile reactor refluent stream using an ammonium phosphate quench system |
| RU2237016C2 (ru) * | 1997-06-18 | 2004-09-27 | Дзе Стандарт Ойл Компани | Способ извлечения непрореагировавшего аммиака из вытекающего из реактора потока |
| KR100644119B1 (ko) * | 1997-06-20 | 2007-05-14 | 더 스탠다드 오일 캄파니 | 암모늄포스페이트켄치시스템에의한아크릴로니트릴반응기유출액흐름으로부터암모니아의회수및재순환방법 |
| MXPA01005155A (es) * | 2000-05-23 | 2003-08-20 | Rohm & Haas | Proceso para la recuperacion y el reciclaje de amoniaco proveniente de una corriente efluente de reactor. |
| ZA200202509B (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2002-10-24 | Rohm & Haas | Improved process for ammonia recovery. |
| US6872296B2 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2005-03-29 | INVISTA North America S.à.r.l. | Method for removing ammonia from a gas comprising hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and water |
| US7371313B2 (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2008-05-13 | Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc. | On-site generation, purification, and distribution of ultra-pure anhydrous ammonia |
| KR20070038559A (ko) * | 2004-07-22 | 2007-04-10 | 이네오스 유에스에이 엘엘씨 | 증기 스트림으로부터 암모니아를 회수 및 재생하기 위한개량된 공정 |
| CN1294330C (zh) * | 2004-11-07 | 2007-01-10 | 王斌 | 一种带有水气幕墙的节水马桶 |
| US8968515B2 (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2015-03-03 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Methods for pretreating biomass |
| US10457810B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2019-10-29 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Densified biomass products containing pretreated biomass fibers |
| AU2010289797B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2014-02-27 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Pretreated densified biomass products |
| US8945245B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2015-02-03 | The Michigan Biotechnology Institute | Methods of hydrolyzing pretreated densified biomass particulates and systems related thereto |
| CN102939388B (zh) | 2010-04-19 | 2016-08-03 | 密歇根州立大学董事会 | 可消化木质纤维素生物质和提取物及其制备方法 |
| US9102964B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2015-08-11 | The Michigan Biotechnology Institute | Process for treating biomass |
| US9175323B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2015-11-03 | The Michigan Biotechnology Institute | Process for treating biomass |
| WO2017065925A1 (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-04-20 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Liquid-phase absorption process for the recovery of ammonia from a mixed gas stream |
| CN112221333A (zh) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-15 | 山东圣大环保工程有限公司 | 一种含氨废气吸收净化回收装置 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1559980A (en) * | 1919-01-10 | 1925-11-03 | Yablick | Purification of air containing ammonia |
| US2954272A (en) * | 1954-03-23 | 1960-09-27 | Chemical Construction Corp | Method of separating ammonia from a gas containing ammonia and carbon dioxide |
| US3097065A (en) * | 1957-05-17 | 1963-07-09 | Koppers Co Inc | Process for recovery of ammonia from coke oven gas as ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate |
| NL133809C (ref) * | 1965-09-02 | |||
| CA1017536A (en) * | 1973-07-02 | 1977-09-20 | Robert D. Rice | Process for the separation and recovery of ammonia and acid gases |
| US4080423A (en) * | 1974-04-17 | 1978-03-21 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Gas absorption |
| JPS5375168A (en) * | 1976-12-16 | 1978-07-04 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Recovering method of ammonia |
| JPS5429899A (en) * | 1977-08-10 | 1979-03-06 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Ammonia recovering method |
-
1979
- 1979-07-18 US US06/058,695 patent/US4287162A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1980
- 1980-07-03 IT IT23225/80A patent/IT1131903B/it active
- 1980-07-08 GB GB8022372A patent/GB2053180B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-09 NL NL8003958A patent/NL8003958A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-07-10 CA CA000355894A patent/CA1154934A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-15 JP JP9577080A patent/JPS5659621A/ja active Pending
- 1980-07-15 FR FR8015589A patent/FR2461682A1/fr active Granted
- 1980-07-17 BE BE0/201441A patent/BE884358A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-07-18 DE DE19803027330 patent/DE3027330A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10239016B2 (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2019-03-26 | Nuorganics LLC | Systems and methods for nitrogen recovery from a gas stream |
| US10513466B2 (en) | 2017-01-16 | 2019-12-24 | Nuorganics LLC | System and method for recovering nitrogenous compounds from a gas stream |
| US10934223B2 (en) | 2017-01-16 | 2021-03-02 | Nuorganics LLC | System and method for recovering nitrogenous compounds from a gas stream |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2053180B (en) | 1983-03-09 |
| GB2053180A (en) | 1981-02-04 |
| FR2461682B1 (ref) | 1983-11-25 |
| FR2461682A1 (fr) | 1981-02-06 |
| IT8023225A0 (it) | 1980-07-03 |
| JPS5659621A (en) | 1981-05-23 |
| DE3027330A1 (de) | 1981-02-05 |
| IT1131903B (it) | 1986-06-25 |
| BE884358A (fr) | 1981-01-19 |
| NL8003958A (nl) | 1981-01-20 |
| US4287162A (en) | 1981-09-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |