CA1154351A - Distribution system for high head hydroelectric machine - Google Patents

Distribution system for high head hydroelectric machine

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Publication number
CA1154351A
CA1154351A CA000378606A CA378606A CA1154351A CA 1154351 A CA1154351 A CA 1154351A CA 000378606 A CA000378606 A CA 000378606A CA 378606 A CA378606 A CA 378606A CA 1154351 A CA1154351 A CA 1154351A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
profiles
distribution device
profile
movable
thin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA000378606A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Boussuges
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Neyrpic SA
Original Assignee
Neyrpic SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Neyrpic SA filed Critical Neyrpic SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1154351A publication Critical patent/CA1154351A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/16Stators
    • F03B3/18Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
    • F03B3/183Adjustable vanes, e.g. wicket gates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/46Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
    • F04D29/466Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable especially adapted for liquid fluid pumps
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

VE LA DILVUGATION , Organe réglable de distribution de fluide pour machine hydroélectrique telle que pompe, turbine ou turbine-pompe, de haute chute. Les directrices mobiles sont chacune constituées par deux profils minces substantielle ment parallèles et dont le contour extérieur est approximativement inscrit dans celui du profil plein qui correspondrait à un profil de directrice mobile de même rôle.VE DILVUGATION, Adjustable fluid distribution device for hydroelectric machine such as pump, turbine or turbine-pump, of high fall. The mobile directors are each formed by two thin profiles which are substantially parallel and whose outer contour is approximately inscribed in that of the solid profile which would correspond to a profile of mobile director with the same role.

Description

3~

La presente in~ention se ra~orte ~ un organe xégla-ble de distribution de fluide pour machine h~droelec-trique telle que pompe, turbine ou turbine-pompe, de haut~ chute.
Dans les pompes, turbines, ou turbines~pompes, le réglage du débi-t d'eal~ se fait généralemen-t au moyen d'un orga-ne distribution de fluide, appele " distributeur" lorsque la ma~
chine fonctionne en turbine, et " diffuseur" lors~ue ~a machine fonctionne en pompe Dans le cas du fonctionnement en turbine par exemple~ on rencontre successivement de l'amont vers l'aval:
- la volute d'alimentation en eau, ou " bache" , un premier organe de distribution, appelé " avant-distribu-teurl', constitue d'aubes directrices fixes en position, - un distributeur mobile orme de profils orientales montes sur tourillons et situes tous, par rapport à l'axe de la machine, sur un diametre déterminé dit " diametre de perçage". Ces proils sont souvent appeles " directrices mobiles".
- la roue a aubes formant le coeur de la turbine.
Dans le cas d'une machine fonctionnant en pompe, on retrouve tous ces elements, le sens de circulation de lleau etant evidemment inverse. Un dispositif de ce type est par exemple schernatise dans le brevet français publie sous le~numero 2.093.
363.
Les profils orientables constitutifs du distributeur et/ou diffuseur definissent, suivant leur orientation, une sec-tion de passage plus ou moins grande qui limite le debit d'eau - dans les mêmes proportions. Ils peuvent fermer completement le passage du fluide de facon etanche, a l'arret dans le cas gené-ral et en particulier au démarrage dans le cas du fonctionnement en pompe. Ils doivent alors resister a la pression correspondant à la pression correspondant a la chute, ce qui conduit, pour les hautes chutes, a determiner des profils tres epais conditionnes par les calculs de resistance des materiaux.

.. , ~.

1 ~5~3~L
L'epaisseur necessitee e~ consequence pour ces pro-fils est toutefois tr~s prejudiciable, D'une part en effet, leurs extremites relativement epaisses donnent naissance ~
des sillages qui engendrent des pertes et ~ des tourbillons de Karman qui creent des instabilités dans l~écoulement, d~autre part en augmentant pour une machine donnée l'épaisseur de ces profils on limite trop le clébit possible, de sorte que l~on est alors conduit, pour le débit souhaitable, a augmenter les di~en-sions de la machine.
Le distributeur/diffuseur de 17invention ne présente pas ces incon~énients. I1 est caractérise en ce qu~il comporte des directrices mobiles constituees chacune par deux proEils minces substantiellement parall81es et dont le contour extérieur est approximativemen-t inscrit dans celui du profil plein qui correspondrait à un proEil de directrice mobile d'une seule pi8ce de même role.
L'invention sera mieux comprise ~ l~aide de la des-cription suivante d'un exemple de réalisation, en réérence aux dessins annexes dans lequels:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique par le dessus d'un distri-buteur-diffuseur de turbine-pompe conforme a l'~invention;
- la figure 2 est une coupe schématique, selon la direction AB
de la figure l, d'une directrice mobile selon l'invention.
Sur la figure 1, on a désigné par la réference 1 la volute d'alimentation en eau~ ou " bâch~" de la turbine-pompe et par la référence 2 sa roue, dont on a trace le proil 3 d'une de ses aubes constitutives. Entre la bache 1 et la roue 2 est situé
l'organe de distribution de fluide 4, appele distributeur dans le cas du fonctionnement en turbine et diffuseur dans le cas du fonc~
tionnement en pompe. Cet organe de distribution est constitue d'une part d'aubes fixes 5 constituant les a~ant-directrices, et, conformement a l'invention, de couples d'aubes (6, 7) parall~es et orientables par xotation autour d'un axe commun 8~ Chaque cou-ple (6, 71 constitue une des directrices mobiles de l'art ante-rieur et est tel que son contour exterieur vienne approximatiYe-ment s'inscrire dans le contour g, represen-te en pointilles sur le dessin, de la direc-trice pleine de l~art anterieur exerçant la même fonction hyclrauliquc, en particulier les angles d~entrée et de sortie des profils (6 - 7 et 9) e-tant conservés. En rea-lite, le contour extexieur de chaque couple (6, 7) est avantageu-sement un peu plus large que celui du profil plein correspondant, l'epaisseur des profils (6, 7) etant calculee, compte tenu de leurs autres dimensions, de maniere a ce que leur inertie ~eome-trique par rapport ~ la fibre moyenne soit la meme qu~avec le pro-fil unique 9 de l'art anterieur. On pourra ainsi utiliser des organes d'ouverture et de fermeture non surdimensionnes par rap-port ~ ceux qulauraient nécessite les profils antérieurs 9.
Sur la figure 2, qui est une vue en coupe d~un des couples (6, 7) constituant une des directrices mobiles de llin-vention, on voit que les profils (6, 7) sont reunis par deux pla-teaux dlextremite (12, 14) ainsl qu'avantageu.sement par au moins une entreprise 13. L~ensemhle es-t rendu mobile de maniere clas-sique par l'intermediaire de deux tourillons (10, 11) situes se-lon l'axe 8.
Comme on le voit sur la partie inferieure droite de la figure 1, qui represente deux couples (6', 7' et 6l', 77') de directrices mobiles orientees en position de fermeture, la ferme-ture s'effectue sur les profils ~6', 6") situes le plus pres de la roue 2. On obtient ainsi une surface de fermeture pratique-ment lisse et situee très pres de la roue, ce qui permet de li-miter au maximum la puissance de barbotage au d.emarra~e en ~ompa, On voit qu~avec les directrices (6, 7) dë l~invention, la section de passage de l~eau est notablement plu5 grande qula-vec un profil plein (9) de l~art anterieur, ce qui permet, a di-` ~5~35 ~

mensions de ~achln~ égales~ de passer un d~bit plus ~randt donc de fournir une pulssance supérieure lors~ue les machines fonc-tionnent en turbine. Par ailleurs, les extremites sont tras minces, ce qui evite, aussi bien dans le scns turbine que dans le sens pompe, la creation de sillaqes et de tourbillons.
3 ~

The present in ~ ention is ra ~ orte ~ an organ xégla-ble of fluid distribution for machine h ~ droelec-trique such as pump, turbine or turbine-pump, high ~ fall.
In pumps, turbines, or turbines ~ pumps, the adjustment of the flow rate of eal ~ is generally done by means of an orga-no fluid distribution, called "distributor" when the ma ~
china works as a turbine, and "diffuser" when ~ eu ~ a machine works as a pump In the case of a turbine operation for example ~ we meet successively from upstream to downstream:
- the water supply volute, or "tarpaulin", a first distribution unit, called "pre-distribution teurl ', constitutes guide vanes fixed in position, - an elm mobile distributor of oriental profiles mounted on trunnions and all located in relation to the axis of the machine, on a determined diameter called "drilling diameter". These proils are often called "mobile directors".
- the impeller forming the heart of the turbine.
In the case of a machine operating as a pump, we finds all these elements, the direction of circulation of the water being obviously reverse. A device of this type is for example schernatise in the French patent published under ~ numero 2.093.
363.
The adjustable profiles constituting the distributor and / or diffuser define, according to their orientation, a sec-passage more or less large which limits the water flow - in the same proportions. They can close the passage of the fluid in a sealed manner, at a standstill in the general case ral and in particular at start-up in the case of operation pump. They must then resist the corresponding pressure at the pressure corresponding to the fall, which leads, for the high falls, to be determined very thick conditioned profiles by material resistance calculations.

.., ~.

1 ~ 5 ~ 3 ~ L
The thickness required is a consequence for these pro-son is however very prejudicial, On the one hand indeed, their relatively thick ends give birth ~
wakes which generate losses and ~ eddies of Karman who create instabilities in flow, others share by increasing for a given machine the thickness of these profiles we limit the possible clebit too much, so that we are then leads, for the desirable flow, to increase the di ~ en-machine.
The 17invention distributor / distributor does not present not these disadvantages. I1 is characterized in that it comprises mobile directors each made up of two profiles thin substantially parallel and whose outer contour is approximately registered in that of the full profile which would correspond to a one-piece mobile director's profile of the same role.
The invention will be better understood ~ using the following description of an exemplary embodiment, in reference to annexed drawings in which:
- Figure 1 is a schematic view from above of a distri-turbine pump stopper diffuser according to the invention;
- Figure 2 is a schematic section, in the direction AB
of FIG. 1, of a movable director according to the invention.
In Figure 1, we have designated by reference 1 the water supply volute ~ or "tarpaulin ~" of the turbine-pump and by the reference 2 its wheel, of which we have drawn the profile 3 of one of its constituent vanes. Between tarpaulin 1 and wheel 2 is located the fluid distribution member 4, called a distributor in the case of turbine and diffuser operation in the case of the funct ~
pump operation. This distribution body is constituted on the one hand, fixed vanes 5 constituting the a ~ ant-guide lines, and, in accordance with the invention, pairs of blades (6, 7) parallel ~ es and orientable by xotation around a common axis 8 ~ Each cou-ple (6, 71 constitutes one of the moving guidelines of the prior art laughing and is such that its outer contour comes approximatiYe-ment inscribe in the outline g, represent dotted lines on the drawing, of the director full of prior art exercising the same hydraulic function, in particular the entry angles and output profiles (6 - 7 and 9) e-kept. In rea-lite, the external outline of each pair (6, 7) is advantageous slightly wider than that of the corresponding full profile, the thickness of the profiles (6, 7) being calculated, taking into account their other dimensions, so that their inertia ~ eome-size compared to the average fiber is the same as with the pro-single thread 9 of the prior art. We can thus use opening and closing members not oversized compared to port ~ those that would require the previous profiles 9.
In Figure 2, which is a sectional view of one of the couples (6, 7) constituting one of the mobile directors of llin-vention, we see that the profiles (6, 7) are joined by two plates dextremite sheets (12, 14) as well as advantageously by at least a business 13. The whole is made mobile in a clas-sic through two trunnions (10, 11) located se-along axis 8.
As seen on the lower right part of Figure 1, which represents two couples (6 ', 7' and 6l ', 77') of movable guidelines oriented in the closed position, the ture is carried out on the profiles ~ 6 ', 6 ") located closest to wheel 2. A practical closing surface is thus obtained smooth and very close to the wheel, which allows minimize the bubbling power at d.emarra ~ e in ~ ompa, We see that with the guidelines (6, 7) of the invention, the water passage section is notably larger than that with a full profile (9) of the prior art, which allows, a-`~ 5 ~ 35 ~

mensions of ~ achln ~ equal ~ to spend a bit more ~ randt therefore to provide superior pulssance when the machines are running operate in a turbine. Besides, the extremities are very thin, which avoids, both in the scns turbine and in pumping, creating sillaqes and vortices.

Claims (4)

Les réalisations de l'invention, au sujet desquel-les un droit exclusif de propriété ou de privilège est reven-diqué, sont définies comme il suit: The achievements of the invention, about which the exclusive right of property or privilege is resold defined, are defined as follows: 1.- Organe de distribution de fluide pour machine hydroélectrique, ledit organe étant du type comportant une partie mobile orientable constituée de directrices mobiles, caractérisé en ce que chaque directrice mobile est constituée par deux profils minces substantiellement parallèles et dont le contour extérieur est approximativement inscrit dans celui du profil plein qui correspondrait à un profil de directrice mobile d'une seule pièce de même rôle. 1.- Fluid distribution device for machine hydroelectric, said member being of the type comprising a orientable movable part made up of movable directors, characterized in that each movable director is made up by two substantially parallel thin profiles, the outer contour is roughly inscribed in that of full profile which would correspond to a director profile one-piece mobile of the same role. 2.- Organe de distribution selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit contour extérieur des deux profils minces est légèrement plus large que celui dudit profil plein, et en ce que les dimensions desdits profils minces sont telles que leur inertie géométrique par rapport à la fibre moyenne ait la même valeur que celle qu'elle aurait avec ledit profil plein. 2. Distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that said outer contour of the two profiles thin is slightly wider than that of said full profile, and in that the dimensions of said thin profiles are such that their geometric inertia with respect to the average fiber has the same value as it would have with said full profile. 3.- Organe de distribution selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits profils minces sont reliés par deux plateaux et une ou plusieurs entretoises. 3. Distribution device according to claim 2, characterized in that said thin profiles are connected by two trays and one or more spacers. 4. Organe de distribution selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdites directrices mobiles sont positionnées de manière à se fermer sur les profils situés le plus près de la roue de la machine. 4. Distribution device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that said movable guidelines are positioned so as to close on the profiles located closest to the machine wheel.
CA000378606A 1980-05-30 1981-05-29 Distribution system for high head hydroelectric machine Expired CA1154351A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8012032A FR2485102A1 (en) 1980-05-30 1980-05-30 Distribution control vanes appts. for high head water turbine - uses pair of thin blades in place of single heavy vane for more precise control of water flow and better sealing
FR80-12032 1980-05-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1154351A true CA1154351A (en) 1983-09-27

Family

ID=9242518

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000378606A Expired CA1154351A (en) 1980-05-30 1981-05-29 Distribution system for high head hydroelectric machine

Country Status (4)

Country Link
AR (1) AR225963A1 (en)
BR (1) BR8103232A (en)
CA (1) CA1154351A (en)
FR (1) FR2485102A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5207559A (en) * 1991-07-25 1993-05-04 Allied-Signal Inc. Variable geometry diffuser assembly
DE59205387D1 (en) * 1991-09-19 1996-03-28 Asea Brown Boveri Turbine with axial flow
FR2958967B1 (en) * 2010-04-14 2013-03-15 Turbomeca METHOD FOR ADJUSTING TURBOMACHINE AIR FLOW WITH CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR AND DIFFUSER THEREFOR

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR501182A (en) * 1914-02-02 1920-04-06 Escher Wyss & Cie Const Mec Steering device for "francis" hydraulic turbines
GB1116828A (en) * 1965-01-25 1968-06-12 Hitachi Ltd Guide vane arrangement in reversible pump-turbines and pumps
FR1542344A (en) * 1967-11-07 1968-10-11 Voest Ag Fixed impeller for pumping turbines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2485102B1 (en) 1982-07-23
AR225963A1 (en) 1982-05-14
FR2485102A1 (en) 1981-12-24
BR8103232A (en) 1982-02-16

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