CA1154228A - Lining system for chimneys and ducts - Google Patents
Lining system for chimneys and ductsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1154228A CA1154228A CA000411891A CA411891A CA1154228A CA 1154228 A CA1154228 A CA 1154228A CA 000411891 A CA000411891 A CA 000411891A CA 411891 A CA411891 A CA 411891A CA 1154228 A CA1154228 A CA 1154228A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- chimney
- air
- chimneys
- providing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F17/00—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage
- E04F17/02—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage for carrying away waste gases, e.g. flue gases; Building elements specially designed therefor, e.g. shaped bricks or sets thereof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
- E04H12/28—Chimney stacks, e.g. free-standing, or similar ducts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
Abstract
LINING SYSTEM FOR CHIMNEYS AND DUCTS
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
There is provided a method of constructing a chimney or duct, which comprises an external structural wall, a protective layer of moving air adjacent to and in-wardly therefrom, and curved ring devices situated in the gas stream which by their shape control the gas flow and prevent the breakdown of the layer of protective air.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
There is provided a method of constructing a chimney or duct, which comprises an external structural wall, a protective layer of moving air adjacent to and in-wardly therefrom, and curved ring devices situated in the gas stream which by their shape control the gas flow and prevent the breakdown of the layer of protective air.
Description
Z~E~
This invention relates generally to chimneys and waste gas ducts of all sizes and for all uses. More genera~ly, the principle Or this invention is applicable to flui~d carrying conduits of varlous kinds~ ; ;
In the specific case of chimneys and ducts which~carry hot or corrosive~waste gas~ there is generally the provislon of an interio~r llnlng~ o;f~brick, steel, stainless s~teel, refractory, plastic, or~the like, ;which has the purpose ~of protecting the~structural wall of~the chlmney or~duct.
; It is an aspect of~thls~inventlon to provlde~a const~
ruction in whlch~t~hls interlor llning may be redu~ced~in~
extent, thlckne~ss o~r;resistanoe to corros~ion and heat, and in many installations to dis~pense with the lining altogether.~;
This invention provides a system by which the waste gas is kept séparated~from~the~structural wall or the~chimney~
or duct by a oontlnuous~acke~ of alr which moves along~
with the waste gas.
In genéral,~if~peri~feral air~inlets were prov~ided at~
th~e base of a~chimnéy~or th~e~begi~nning of a duct system,~
the passage o~ thé~wa9te gas would draw external~air~i~nwar~ly~
t~o provlde an~inltial~jacke;t~close~to the inlets.~Howe;ver,;~
without~furth;ér cont~rol,~the~eas~and~;air~would~qulckly;~mix~
and the jacket or protective~effec~t~ would be lost;.~In accord~
ance with this~lnvention,~devlces are provided at lntervals throughout the length of~the chimney or duct, whlch~devlces ~ ", . .: , ::
~ , , ~ I ' . . . . . :
:: . : .. . ;: . -. . . ~ ; . : : : ~
_3_ control the lateral movement of the waste gas and therebyprevent the breakdown or loss of the air jacket.
In the specific description which follows, it is assumed that the chimney or duct is circular in cross-section, although it would be understood by those skilled in the art that a circular section is not a prerequisite.
In accordance with this invention, there are provided rings (or approximations thereto) of a suitable material~
which may be steel, stainless steel, refractory,etc., the rings having a curved radial section (or approximately so) and being placed at or near the intended gas/air interface.
These rings may be supported on ribs from the structural wall By virtue of the flow of the gas over the curved surface of the ring, the downstream gas (and air) will be directed towards the centre of the flow, thereby compen-sating for the natural tendency to drift outwardly or radially, and keeping the gas and air separated. At a point downstream of each ring, the inward effect will be dissipated by frictional decay, and at that point, another ring would be provided to reharness the flow of gas.
The air forming the jacket is provided through inlets around the perifery of the chimney or duct at the upstream end thereof (at the bottom, in the case Or a chimney), and at other points as required.
~4~'2~
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 shows the chimney in association with a power or manufacturing plant, commercial or industrial building or the like.
Figure 2 shows a cut-away view of a chimney of the design of this invention.
Figure 3 shows, by flow arrows, the passage of air and waste gas through the chimney of this invention.
Essentially, the method of this invention involves the provision of devices with curved ring surfaces which control the outward spread of a column of waste gas, thereby assuring the integrity of a protective jacket of air, also controlled by the devices.
In Figure 2 the chimney is seen to consist of a con-ventional horizontal duct 1 through which the waste gas enters the chimney, an inner partial lining 2, and a number of ring devices 3 spaced over the height of the chimney, which are secured to the structural wall 5 by ribs 6.
The gas entering the chimney is translated to a vert-ical motion in the partial lining 2, and is also thereby given a plan shape, (usually circular). At Ll are shown air inlets by which air is drawn into the annular space 9 between partial lining 2 and the chimney wall 5. Further air inlets are provided as necessary throughout the height of the chimney.
The vertical motion of the column of waste gas 7, provided either by thermal lift of the gas, or by inlet pressure, sends the gas through the chimney and over the curved devices 3, which are situated in the chimney at a radius so as to be at or near the interface of the waste gas and air jacket 8. The ring devices 3 are so shaped that the flow of gas/air over them directs the flow towards the centre of the chimney. Thus with even relatively low gas velocity sufficient radially inward movement is provided tQ
contain the gas column 7 and to preserve the integrity of the surrounding air jacket 8, thus obviating the need for expensive traditional lining material.
In Figure 3g flow lines of the gas and air are shown in the chimney in association with two of the curved ring devices 3. The periferal gas of the gas column 7, and the air jacXet 8~ flow over the upstream device and are influ-enced thereby in terms of velocity, pressure and direction.
Someway downstream of that device, the inherent frictional decay will reduce the effects of the device and the gas will return to its entrance condition. At that point another device is provided to reharness the flow. Clearlyg in short chimneys it may be necessary to provide only one device.
A second application of the principle of this invention relates to the provision of one or more of the ring devices at the top of a conventional or existing chimney, as shown in Figure 4. With such provision, the periferal gas 12 from ~lS4L
the chimney 13 will be accelorated as it flows over the device 10 and the depression caused will draw ambient air, shown as stream arrows 11, into adjacent and parallel flow.
~ith this arrangement the frictional decaying force will initially be applied to the upwardly moving air 11 surr-ounding the gas 12, rather than to the gas itself, thus allowing the column of gas to rise higher before dispersal in the atmosphere. In this way a better (i.e. higher) atmospheric diffusion of the gas will be achieved. Alter-natively, shorter chimneys can be utilised for a given height for gas dispersal.
The size, shape and interval for the ring devices will be dependent upon the diameter and velocity of the gas column. The size and shape of the devices in the second application will also depend on the gas characteristics.
In order to accommodate expected gas velocity variations the profile of the devices can be made to be adjustable.
Although this invention has been described in conn-ection with a 'single flue' chimney, it will be obvious that the invention will apply equally to multi-flue chimneys.
Furthermore, the uses of the inventive principle herein described are clearly not limited tochimneys and ducts carrying waste gas. The flow of any gaseous or liquid material can be treated in a similar way, using a neutral fluid surrounding the fluid to be transported. Thus, it is
This invention relates generally to chimneys and waste gas ducts of all sizes and for all uses. More genera~ly, the principle Or this invention is applicable to flui~d carrying conduits of varlous kinds~ ; ;
In the specific case of chimneys and ducts which~carry hot or corrosive~waste gas~ there is generally the provislon of an interio~r llnlng~ o;f~brick, steel, stainless s~teel, refractory, plastic, or~the like, ;which has the purpose ~of protecting the~structural wall of~the chlmney or~duct.
; It is an aspect of~thls~inventlon to provlde~a const~
ruction in whlch~t~hls interlor llning may be redu~ced~in~
extent, thlckne~ss o~r;resistanoe to corros~ion and heat, and in many installations to dis~pense with the lining altogether.~;
This invention provides a system by which the waste gas is kept séparated~from~the~structural wall or the~chimney~
or duct by a oontlnuous~acke~ of alr which moves along~
with the waste gas.
In genéral,~if~peri~feral air~inlets were prov~ided at~
th~e base of a~chimnéy~or th~e~begi~nning of a duct system,~
the passage o~ thé~wa9te gas would draw external~air~i~nwar~ly~
t~o provlde an~inltial~jacke;t~close~to the inlets.~Howe;ver,;~
without~furth;ér cont~rol,~the~eas~and~;air~would~qulckly;~mix~
and the jacket or protective~effec~t~ would be lost;.~In accord~
ance with this~lnvention,~devlces are provided at lntervals throughout the length of~the chimney or duct, whlch~devlces ~ ", . .: , ::
~ , , ~ I ' . . . . . :
:: . : .. . ;: . -. . . ~ ; . : : : ~
_3_ control the lateral movement of the waste gas and therebyprevent the breakdown or loss of the air jacket.
In the specific description which follows, it is assumed that the chimney or duct is circular in cross-section, although it would be understood by those skilled in the art that a circular section is not a prerequisite.
In accordance with this invention, there are provided rings (or approximations thereto) of a suitable material~
which may be steel, stainless steel, refractory,etc., the rings having a curved radial section (or approximately so) and being placed at or near the intended gas/air interface.
These rings may be supported on ribs from the structural wall By virtue of the flow of the gas over the curved surface of the ring, the downstream gas (and air) will be directed towards the centre of the flow, thereby compen-sating for the natural tendency to drift outwardly or radially, and keeping the gas and air separated. At a point downstream of each ring, the inward effect will be dissipated by frictional decay, and at that point, another ring would be provided to reharness the flow of gas.
The air forming the jacket is provided through inlets around the perifery of the chimney or duct at the upstream end thereof (at the bottom, in the case Or a chimney), and at other points as required.
~4~'2~
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 shows the chimney in association with a power or manufacturing plant, commercial or industrial building or the like.
Figure 2 shows a cut-away view of a chimney of the design of this invention.
Figure 3 shows, by flow arrows, the passage of air and waste gas through the chimney of this invention.
Essentially, the method of this invention involves the provision of devices with curved ring surfaces which control the outward spread of a column of waste gas, thereby assuring the integrity of a protective jacket of air, also controlled by the devices.
In Figure 2 the chimney is seen to consist of a con-ventional horizontal duct 1 through which the waste gas enters the chimney, an inner partial lining 2, and a number of ring devices 3 spaced over the height of the chimney, which are secured to the structural wall 5 by ribs 6.
The gas entering the chimney is translated to a vert-ical motion in the partial lining 2, and is also thereby given a plan shape, (usually circular). At Ll are shown air inlets by which air is drawn into the annular space 9 between partial lining 2 and the chimney wall 5. Further air inlets are provided as necessary throughout the height of the chimney.
The vertical motion of the column of waste gas 7, provided either by thermal lift of the gas, or by inlet pressure, sends the gas through the chimney and over the curved devices 3, which are situated in the chimney at a radius so as to be at or near the interface of the waste gas and air jacket 8. The ring devices 3 are so shaped that the flow of gas/air over them directs the flow towards the centre of the chimney. Thus with even relatively low gas velocity sufficient radially inward movement is provided tQ
contain the gas column 7 and to preserve the integrity of the surrounding air jacket 8, thus obviating the need for expensive traditional lining material.
In Figure 3g flow lines of the gas and air are shown in the chimney in association with two of the curved ring devices 3. The periferal gas of the gas column 7, and the air jacXet 8~ flow over the upstream device and are influ-enced thereby in terms of velocity, pressure and direction.
Someway downstream of that device, the inherent frictional decay will reduce the effects of the device and the gas will return to its entrance condition. At that point another device is provided to reharness the flow. Clearlyg in short chimneys it may be necessary to provide only one device.
A second application of the principle of this invention relates to the provision of one or more of the ring devices at the top of a conventional or existing chimney, as shown in Figure 4. With such provision, the periferal gas 12 from ~lS4L
the chimney 13 will be accelorated as it flows over the device 10 and the depression caused will draw ambient air, shown as stream arrows 11, into adjacent and parallel flow.
~ith this arrangement the frictional decaying force will initially be applied to the upwardly moving air 11 surr-ounding the gas 12, rather than to the gas itself, thus allowing the column of gas to rise higher before dispersal in the atmosphere. In this way a better (i.e. higher) atmospheric diffusion of the gas will be achieved. Alter-natively, shorter chimneys can be utilised for a given height for gas dispersal.
The size, shape and interval for the ring devices will be dependent upon the diameter and velocity of the gas column. The size and shape of the devices in the second application will also depend on the gas characteristics.
In order to accommodate expected gas velocity variations the profile of the devices can be made to be adjustable.
Although this invention has been described in conn-ection with a 'single flue' chimney, it will be obvious that the invention will apply equally to multi-flue chimneys.
Furthermore, the uses of the inventive principle herein described are clearly not limited tochimneys and ducts carrying waste gas. The flow of any gaseous or liquid material can be treated in a similar way, using a neutral fluid surrounding the fluid to be transported. Thus, it is
2~
considered that this invention is applicable in general to fluid-carrying conduits.
It will be appreciated that the ring devices, rather than consisting of smoothly curved unitary annuli, can be constructed as conical sections~ thus allowing the ring devices to be made from sheet metal, lfdesired. It would be further possible to construct the ring device~s in such a way that a secti~on taken transverse to the axis through the ring device would show a polygonal shape. This again would allow the ring devlces to be constructed ~from init~
ially flat sheet~metal.
~: :
... , . :
, .
;
~, "` : "" ~' -' .. . '
considered that this invention is applicable in general to fluid-carrying conduits.
It will be appreciated that the ring devices, rather than consisting of smoothly curved unitary annuli, can be constructed as conical sections~ thus allowing the ring devices to be made from sheet metal, lfdesired. It would be further possible to construct the ring device~s in such a way that a secti~on taken transverse to the axis through the ring device would show a polygonal shape. This again would allow the ring devlces to be constructed ~from init~
ially flat sheet~metal.
~: :
... , . :
, .
;
~, "` : "" ~' -' .. . '
Claims (2)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:-
1. A method of constructing a chimney or other fluid carrying conduit comprising the steps, providing an external or structural wall of the chimney or conduit, providing a layer of air, or inert medium, adjacent to the structural wall and inwardly therefrom, which surrounds the effluent gas or other material being passed through the system, providing rings having a curved radial section, or approx-imately so, at intervals to maintain separation of the gas and air.
2. A method claimed in claim 1, of providing an accelerator ring having a curved radial section, or approximately so, near the top of an existing or conventional chimney, to accelerate the peripheral gas.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000411891A CA1154228A (en) | 1982-09-21 | 1982-09-21 | Lining system for chimneys and ducts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000411891A CA1154228A (en) | 1982-09-21 | 1982-09-21 | Lining system for chimneys and ducts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1154228A true CA1154228A (en) | 1983-09-27 |
Family
ID=4123633
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000411891A Expired CA1154228A (en) | 1982-09-21 | 1982-09-21 | Lining system for chimneys and ducts |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1154228A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1992011429A1 (en) * | 1990-12-19 | 1992-07-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Flue assembly for a combined gas and steam turbine plant |
-
1982
- 1982-09-21 CA CA000411891A patent/CA1154228A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1992011429A1 (en) * | 1990-12-19 | 1992-07-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Flue assembly for a combined gas and steam turbine plant |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |