CA1153157A - Briquettes of silicon and ferrosilicon dust - Google Patents
Briquettes of silicon and ferrosilicon dustInfo
- Publication number
- CA1153157A CA1153157A CA000369991A CA369991A CA1153157A CA 1153157 A CA1153157 A CA 1153157A CA 000369991 A CA000369991 A CA 000369991A CA 369991 A CA369991 A CA 369991A CA 1153157 A CA1153157 A CA 1153157A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- ferrosilicon
- sodium
- weight
- calcium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/006—Making ferrous alloys compositions used for making ferrous alloys
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
There is disclosed a compacted unit of metal-lurgical grade granular material selected from silicon and ferrosilicon comprising a compressed homogeneous mixture of a fine powder of a silicon material selected from the group consisting of silicon and ferrosilicon, said silicon material being finer than 160 µm, from 2 to about 5% by weight of the silicon material of sodium or calcium bentonite and from 2 to about 5% by weight of the silicon material of sodium or calcium lignosulfonate. The novel compacted units are useful for use in industrial processes requiring substantially pure silicon or ferrosilicon.
There is disclosed a compacted unit of metal-lurgical grade granular material selected from silicon and ferrosilicon comprising a compressed homogeneous mixture of a fine powder of a silicon material selected from the group consisting of silicon and ferrosilicon, said silicon material being finer than 160 µm, from 2 to about 5% by weight of the silicon material of sodium or calcium bentonite and from 2 to about 5% by weight of the silicon material of sodium or calcium lignosulfonate. The novel compacted units are useful for use in industrial processes requiring substantially pure silicon or ferrosilicon.
Description
- ~5~157 . I
The present invention relates to a novel com-pacted unit of metallurgical grade powdered silicon or ferrosilicon and to a method for its preparation.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Silicon and ferrosilicon are produced in the form of ingots and are subjected to a crushing operation so that they are available to users in smaller size.
During the crushing operation a very fine powder of silicon or ferrosilicon is formed and recovered from the filtering system. Through recent environmental regu-lations the amounts of silicon and ferrosilicon dusts has risen continuously thus creating a disposal problem for the manufacturers of silicon and ferrosilicon.
Attempts to find a use for such silicon and ferrosilicon powders have had little success because it must be appreciated that any agglomeration process must insure that the purity of the silicon or ferrosilicon is substantially retained. Accordingly most processes developed in the prior art have produced a product which is not equivalent in purity to the original product so that such agglomerated product can not be used instead of the pure product itself.
USP. 4,128,417, Dec. 5, 1978 describes a process for the preparation of SiC and/or FeSi-containing fine materials to form metallurgically adjustable silicon bearers by binding the SiC and/or SiFe fines with a hydraulic binding agent such as cement or lime. This method produces a product containing 8-10% calcium oxide or 5,6 to 7% of calcium which amount renders it unsuitable to be used as pure silicon or ferrosilicon.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a metallurgical grade compacted unit of fine powdered silicon or ferrosilicon where the amount of impurities originally present have not been increased to a point where the product still retains the chemical qualities of the original silicon or ferrosilicon.
.
, `
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention there is now provided a compacted and shaped unit of metallurgi-cal grade granular material selected from silicon and ferrosilicon comprising a compressed homogeneous mixture of a fine powder of a silicon material selected from the group consisting of silicon and ferrosilicon having a grain finer than 160 ~m, sodium or calcium bentonite in an amount of from 2 to about 5% by weight of the silicon material and sodium or calcium lignosulfonate in an amount of from 2 to about 5% by weight of the silicon material.
The novel compacted and shaped unit of silicon or ferrosilicon is characterized by being adapted for packaging and transportation. The shaped unit is such that it can be readily broken up for metallurgical or chemical uses. The shaped unit is also characterized by the fact that the silicon or ferrosilicon retains all its original chemical properties and the amount of impurities of the silicon or ferrosilicon remain within the acccepta-20~ ble limits of the original silicon or ferrosiliconmaterial.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
. _ _ The compacted unit of silicon or ferrosilicon is prepared by first mixing together the silicon or ferro-silicon in fine powdered form (finer than 160 ~m) with 2 to about 5% by weight of sodium or calcium bentonite, the mixing being carried out at high speed such as from 1500 to 2000 r.p.m. until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.
There is then sprayed over this mixture while continuing to mix at high speed an aqueous solution of a sodium or calcium lignosulfonate, the amount of this latter compound representing from 2 to about 5% by weight of the silicon material. There is then obtained a plastic homogeneous paste which is fed to a briquetting machine where bri-quettes of the silicon or ferrosilicon are formed and subsequently dried.
- ' , . ~ .
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, _ . _ _ _ -------- ------ -- I ' - llS~57 The novel silicon or ferrosilicon briquettes obtained in accordance with the present invention are easily packaged and can be transported to other sites for use in industrial processes requiring substantially pure silicon or ferrosilicon.
The silicon or ferrosilicon powder used in accordance with the present invention is obtained as a fine powder from the crushing of pure silicon or ferro-silicon and is usually collected from special filters.
The silicon or ferrosilicon powder is composed of grains finer than 160 ~m and have the grain size distribution being shown in Table I:
TABLE I
DISTRIBUTION OF GRAIN SIZE OF
SILICON AND FERR~SILICON POWDER
Grain size in ~m 315 160 ~0 Cumulative % passing 100 98 86 for silicon for ferrosilicon 100 ~7 The two mixing steps used in the process of the present invention should be carried out at high speed of from 1500 to 2000 r.p.m. preferably about 1700 to 1800 r.p.m. As an example of a suitable mixer there may be mentioned the Eyrich mixer R-7 which is adapted to operate at a high speed of 1760 r.p.m.
As far as the addition of the aqueous solution of sodium or calcium lignosulfonate is concerned this solution should be sprayed on the mixture of silicon or ferrosilicon and sodium or calcium bentonite to insure that a plastic homogeneous paste is obtained. The incorporation of the lignosulfonate solution to the mixture as such will not yield the desired plastic paste.
The present invention will be more fully under-stood by referring to the following ~xamples which are ., .,.. , . :-: - - ,: -~, ' ';
., 5~;7 given to illustrate the invention only.
There is introduced in an Eyrich mixer R-7 50 kg of silicon dust having a grain size of from 80 to 315 ~m and 2 kg of calcium bentonite. The mixer is operated at a speed of 1760 r.p.m. for about 2 minutes whereby there is obtained a homogeneous mixture. 2 Liters of a solution of sodium lignosulfonate sold under the trade mark LIGNOSOL by LIGNOSOL CHEMICALS LTD is mixed with 14.5 liters of water. The 16.5 liters of the lignosulfonate solution obtained is sprayed of the mixture of silicon and bentonite while continuing to mix at a speed of 1760 r.p.m. After two minutes of mixing there is obtained a homogeneous plastic paste which is then fed to a charcoal briquetting machine. These briquettes can readily be packaged and shipped. It has also been found that the addition of calcium bentonite has not substantially altered the chemical purity of the original silicon powder.
By proceeding in the same manner as in Example ; 1 but substituting ferrosilicon dust for the silicon ~ dust, ferrosilicon briquettes similar to the silicon - briquettes are obtained.
ANALYSIS
The silicon briquettes of Example 1 and ferro-silicon briquettes of Example 2 were analyzed to de-termine the amounts of Fe, Al, Ca and Ti present in order to compare these impurities with the limits gener-ally requested by the specifications of the customer's dusts used in the preparation of the briquettes.
Results are reported in Table II:
~' :: :
.
l~S3~7 TABLE II
Acceptable Maximum impurities in %
in certain industrial uses . Fe . Al Ca ¦ Ti Maximum percent permissible by the specifications of 1.0 1.5 0.5 0.5 the customer s for silicon powder . Silicon briquettes Ex. 1 : Run #1 0.64 0.97 0.40 0.20 Run #2 0.63 1.02 0.35 0.18 Maximum percent permissible by the specifications of _ 2.5 0.5 0.3 the customer's for ferro-silicon powder Ferrosilicon briquettes 0.32 0.06 Run #1 _ 2.05 Run #2 _ 1.97 0.36 0.07 It will be seen from the above analysis that the amounts of Fe, Al, Ca and Ti impurities in the silicon ferrosilicon briquettes of the present invention are below the maximum impurities permissible in pure silicon and ferrosilicon for their respective industrial uses.
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The present invention relates to a novel com-pacted unit of metallurgical grade powdered silicon or ferrosilicon and to a method for its preparation.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Silicon and ferrosilicon are produced in the form of ingots and are subjected to a crushing operation so that they are available to users in smaller size.
During the crushing operation a very fine powder of silicon or ferrosilicon is formed and recovered from the filtering system. Through recent environmental regu-lations the amounts of silicon and ferrosilicon dusts has risen continuously thus creating a disposal problem for the manufacturers of silicon and ferrosilicon.
Attempts to find a use for such silicon and ferrosilicon powders have had little success because it must be appreciated that any agglomeration process must insure that the purity of the silicon or ferrosilicon is substantially retained. Accordingly most processes developed in the prior art have produced a product which is not equivalent in purity to the original product so that such agglomerated product can not be used instead of the pure product itself.
USP. 4,128,417, Dec. 5, 1978 describes a process for the preparation of SiC and/or FeSi-containing fine materials to form metallurgically adjustable silicon bearers by binding the SiC and/or SiFe fines with a hydraulic binding agent such as cement or lime. This method produces a product containing 8-10% calcium oxide or 5,6 to 7% of calcium which amount renders it unsuitable to be used as pure silicon or ferrosilicon.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a metallurgical grade compacted unit of fine powdered silicon or ferrosilicon where the amount of impurities originally present have not been increased to a point where the product still retains the chemical qualities of the original silicon or ferrosilicon.
.
, `
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention there is now provided a compacted and shaped unit of metallurgi-cal grade granular material selected from silicon and ferrosilicon comprising a compressed homogeneous mixture of a fine powder of a silicon material selected from the group consisting of silicon and ferrosilicon having a grain finer than 160 ~m, sodium or calcium bentonite in an amount of from 2 to about 5% by weight of the silicon material and sodium or calcium lignosulfonate in an amount of from 2 to about 5% by weight of the silicon material.
The novel compacted and shaped unit of silicon or ferrosilicon is characterized by being adapted for packaging and transportation. The shaped unit is such that it can be readily broken up for metallurgical or chemical uses. The shaped unit is also characterized by the fact that the silicon or ferrosilicon retains all its original chemical properties and the amount of impurities of the silicon or ferrosilicon remain within the acccepta-20~ ble limits of the original silicon or ferrosiliconmaterial.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
. _ _ The compacted unit of silicon or ferrosilicon is prepared by first mixing together the silicon or ferro-silicon in fine powdered form (finer than 160 ~m) with 2 to about 5% by weight of sodium or calcium bentonite, the mixing being carried out at high speed such as from 1500 to 2000 r.p.m. until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.
There is then sprayed over this mixture while continuing to mix at high speed an aqueous solution of a sodium or calcium lignosulfonate, the amount of this latter compound representing from 2 to about 5% by weight of the silicon material. There is then obtained a plastic homogeneous paste which is fed to a briquetting machine where bri-quettes of the silicon or ferrosilicon are formed and subsequently dried.
- ' , . ~ .
::
, ':
, _ . _ _ _ -------- ------ -- I ' - llS~57 The novel silicon or ferrosilicon briquettes obtained in accordance with the present invention are easily packaged and can be transported to other sites for use in industrial processes requiring substantially pure silicon or ferrosilicon.
The silicon or ferrosilicon powder used in accordance with the present invention is obtained as a fine powder from the crushing of pure silicon or ferro-silicon and is usually collected from special filters.
The silicon or ferrosilicon powder is composed of grains finer than 160 ~m and have the grain size distribution being shown in Table I:
TABLE I
DISTRIBUTION OF GRAIN SIZE OF
SILICON AND FERR~SILICON POWDER
Grain size in ~m 315 160 ~0 Cumulative % passing 100 98 86 for silicon for ferrosilicon 100 ~7 The two mixing steps used in the process of the present invention should be carried out at high speed of from 1500 to 2000 r.p.m. preferably about 1700 to 1800 r.p.m. As an example of a suitable mixer there may be mentioned the Eyrich mixer R-7 which is adapted to operate at a high speed of 1760 r.p.m.
As far as the addition of the aqueous solution of sodium or calcium lignosulfonate is concerned this solution should be sprayed on the mixture of silicon or ferrosilicon and sodium or calcium bentonite to insure that a plastic homogeneous paste is obtained. The incorporation of the lignosulfonate solution to the mixture as such will not yield the desired plastic paste.
The present invention will be more fully under-stood by referring to the following ~xamples which are ., .,.. , . :-: - - ,: -~, ' ';
., 5~;7 given to illustrate the invention only.
There is introduced in an Eyrich mixer R-7 50 kg of silicon dust having a grain size of from 80 to 315 ~m and 2 kg of calcium bentonite. The mixer is operated at a speed of 1760 r.p.m. for about 2 minutes whereby there is obtained a homogeneous mixture. 2 Liters of a solution of sodium lignosulfonate sold under the trade mark LIGNOSOL by LIGNOSOL CHEMICALS LTD is mixed with 14.5 liters of water. The 16.5 liters of the lignosulfonate solution obtained is sprayed of the mixture of silicon and bentonite while continuing to mix at a speed of 1760 r.p.m. After two minutes of mixing there is obtained a homogeneous plastic paste which is then fed to a charcoal briquetting machine. These briquettes can readily be packaged and shipped. It has also been found that the addition of calcium bentonite has not substantially altered the chemical purity of the original silicon powder.
By proceeding in the same manner as in Example ; 1 but substituting ferrosilicon dust for the silicon ~ dust, ferrosilicon briquettes similar to the silicon - briquettes are obtained.
ANALYSIS
The silicon briquettes of Example 1 and ferro-silicon briquettes of Example 2 were analyzed to de-termine the amounts of Fe, Al, Ca and Ti present in order to compare these impurities with the limits gener-ally requested by the specifications of the customer's dusts used in the preparation of the briquettes.
Results are reported in Table II:
~' :: :
.
l~S3~7 TABLE II
Acceptable Maximum impurities in %
in certain industrial uses . Fe . Al Ca ¦ Ti Maximum percent permissible by the specifications of 1.0 1.5 0.5 0.5 the customer s for silicon powder . Silicon briquettes Ex. 1 : Run #1 0.64 0.97 0.40 0.20 Run #2 0.63 1.02 0.35 0.18 Maximum percent permissible by the specifications of _ 2.5 0.5 0.3 the customer's for ferro-silicon powder Ferrosilicon briquettes 0.32 0.06 Run #1 _ 2.05 Run #2 _ 1.97 0.36 0.07 It will be seen from the above analysis that the amounts of Fe, Al, Ca and Ti impurities in the silicon ferrosilicon briquettes of the present invention are below the maximum impurities permissible in pure silicon and ferrosilicon for their respective industrial uses.
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., .
.
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. . . , , ~ , , - : ~
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Claims (6)
1. A compacted unit of metallurgical grade granular material selected from silicon and ferrosilicon comprising a compressed homogeneous mixture of a fine powder of a silicon material selected from the group con-sisting of silicon and ferrosilicon, said silicon material being finer than 160 µm, from 2 to about 5% by weight of the silicon material of sodium or calcium bentonite and from 2 to about 5% by weight of the silicon material of sodium or calcium lignosulfonate.
2. A compacted unit of metallurgical grade silicon comprising a compressed homogeneous mixture of a fine powder of silicon finer than 160 µm, from 2 to about 5% by weight of silicon of sodium or calcium bentonite and from 2 to about 5% by weight of the silicon of sodium or calcium lignosulfonate.
3. A compacted unit of metallurgical grade silicon according to Claim 2, wherein the amount of sodium or calcium bentonite is about 4% by weight of the silicon and the amount of sodium or calcium lignosulfonate is about 4% by weight of the silicon.
4. A compacted unit of metallurgical grade of ferrosilicon comprising a compressed homogeneous mixture of a fine powder of ferrosilicon finer than 160 µm, from 2 to about 5% by weight of the ferrosilicon of sodium or calcium bentonite and from 2 to about 5% by weight of the ferrosilicon of sodium or calcium lignosulfonate.
5. A compacted unit of metallurgical grade silicon according to Claim 4, wherein the amount of sodium or calcium bentonite is about 4% by weight of the silicon and the amount of sodium or calcium lignosulfonate is about 4% by weight of silicon.
6. A method for the preparation of a com-pacted unit of a metallurgical grade powdered material selected from silicon and silicon material which com-prises mixing at high speed a fine powder of a silicon finer than 160 µm material selected from silicon and ferrosilicon with from 2 to about 5% by weight thereof of sodium or calcium bentonite and spraying on said mixture while continuing the high speed mixing an aqueous solution containing from 2 to about 5% by weight of sodium or calcium lignosulfonate until a homogeneous plastic paste is obtained, forming briquettes from said paste and drying same.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000369991A CA1153157A (en) | 1981-02-03 | 1981-02-03 | Briquettes of silicon and ferrosilicon dust |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000369991A CA1153157A (en) | 1981-02-03 | 1981-02-03 | Briquettes of silicon and ferrosilicon dust |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1153157A true CA1153157A (en) | 1983-09-06 |
Family
ID=4119071
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000369991A Expired CA1153157A (en) | 1981-02-03 | 1981-02-03 | Briquettes of silicon and ferrosilicon dust |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1153157A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-02-03 CA CA000369991A patent/CA1153157A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |