CA1150563A - Protein protection - Google Patents
Protein protectionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1150563A CA1150563A CA000176795A CA176795A CA1150563A CA 1150563 A CA1150563 A CA 1150563A CA 000176795 A CA000176795 A CA 000176795A CA 176795 A CA176795 A CA 176795A CA 1150563 A CA1150563 A CA 1150563A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- class
- feed
- meal
- protein
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
PROTEIN PROTECTION
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
The present invention provides a method to supply feedstuffs of high quality to ruminant or like animals, that can be fed to the animal in the normal way and which by avoidance of degradation or modification by micro-organisms in the digestive tract would provide the tissues of the animal with increased quality and quantity of nutrients. The invention provides a feed comprising at least one member selected from a first class consisting of proteins and at least one member of a second class consisting of acetic acid, propionic and butyric acid, with the proviso that the acid concentration in at least one member of said first class is higher than that of the average acid concentration of the feed and said acid is present in at least one member of said first class in an amount of about 5% - 20% by weight of said member of said first class and a method of making the same.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
The present invention provides a method to supply feedstuffs of high quality to ruminant or like animals, that can be fed to the animal in the normal way and which by avoidance of degradation or modification by micro-organisms in the digestive tract would provide the tissues of the animal with increased quality and quantity of nutrients. The invention provides a feed comprising at least one member selected from a first class consisting of proteins and at least one member of a second class consisting of acetic acid, propionic and butyric acid, with the proviso that the acid concentration in at least one member of said first class is higher than that of the average acid concentration of the feed and said acid is present in at least one member of said first class in an amount of about 5% - 20% by weight of said member of said first class and a method of making the same.
Description
This invention relates to ~ feed comprising at least one memb~r selected from a first class ronsisting of proteins and at leas~ one member . of a second class consisting o~ acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid with the proviso that the acid concentration in at least one member of the said first class is higher than the average acid concentration of ~he feed and to a method of making the same, particularly when such feeds are directed to ruminants.
The essential components in feeds are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals and vitamins. In order to achieve optimum growth and productivity it is necessary that ~he tissues of an animal have available an adequate supply of these essential tissue-building components. Amino acids are examples of essential components. A proper supply of amino acids can be achieved in simple-stomached animals by inclusion of appropriate amounts and selection of amino acids, for instance in the form of a diet containing proteins. A dietary proteinaceous material ingested by ruminants is substantially modified before reaching the tissues of an animal, a sub-stantial portion o~ the dietary proteinaceous and other nitrogen-co~taining substances is degraded in the rumen to ammonia. The ammonia may, in turn, be utilized by micro-organisms to synthesize microbial protein. If there is excassive degradation of protein to ammonia by rumen micro-organisms, it can result in substantial loss of potential protein forming material. After passage from the rumen to lower parts of the digestive tract, the ruminant animal digests the microbial protein which has formed within the rumen and the animal obtains its amino acid supply indirectly in this manner. Thus, in general, the quantity and quality of the amino acid supply to the rumi-nant animal is dependent largely upon the extent of the microbiaL growth within the rumen and is little influenced by the quantity and quaLity of the amino acids in the diet. Ammonia formed in excess of that which can be utilized by microbial growth is wasted rather than used to supply amino acids to the animal. In addition, the value of the microbial protein is not as high as that of good quality supplements. Therefore, the value of the supplements can be decreased by rumen transformation. In a similar ' . .
manner, other valuable components of the ration can be degraded or modified by micro-organisms in the diges~ive tract of animals.
There are reports indicating that the supply of protein and other nutrients from the rumen is not always adequate to optimally meet the needs of the tissues of ruminant animalsO Extensive efforts have been made for protecting valuable dietary components from the degradation in the rumen.
Proteinaceous ma~erials have been treated with tannins or with aldehydes to chemically modify proteinaceous materials. 'Heat treatment of proteins has also been suggested. Attempts have been made to coat materials with synthetic polymers in order'to prevent contact of the materials with micro-organisms of the rumen. Attempts have also been made to supply feedstuffs directly ~o the lower digestive tract of ruminants by stimulation of the esophageal reflex upon consumption of the material in a liquid media. However, the prior art has suffered from limited applicability or high expense, resulting in limited commercial applications. ~ith some methods, the protèctive treat-ment has, in fact, decreased the overall value of the feedstuff. The present invention is relatively inexpensive, simple and does not entail chemicals or practices foreign to ruminant animals.
It is also known to treat silage with preservative such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid as is disclosed in British Patent 1,149,314 dated April 23, 1969, British Patent 1,155,485 dated June 18~ 1969, British Patent 1~160,430 dated August 6, 1969, and the corresponding'U.S.
Patent 3,595,665 dated July 27, 1971 as invented by Huitson et al However9-to any one skilled in the art, these references teach the use of preservatives on crops and animal ~eed, and to any person skilled in the art, the facts are that preservatives are substances to be used in very small amount~
(i.e in the smallest amount to yield the preservative properties), generally the amount used is less than 1~%. ~rn exceptional case of crop or feed con-taining an unusual water content, 3% could be used. In practice, no one will ever go further than the 3% level, and the references teach only the use of these substances as preservative.
The present invention provides a method to supply feedstuffs of
The essential components in feeds are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals and vitamins. In order to achieve optimum growth and productivity it is necessary that ~he tissues of an animal have available an adequate supply of these essential tissue-building components. Amino acids are examples of essential components. A proper supply of amino acids can be achieved in simple-stomached animals by inclusion of appropriate amounts and selection of amino acids, for instance in the form of a diet containing proteins. A dietary proteinaceous material ingested by ruminants is substantially modified before reaching the tissues of an animal, a sub-stantial portion o~ the dietary proteinaceous and other nitrogen-co~taining substances is degraded in the rumen to ammonia. The ammonia may, in turn, be utilized by micro-organisms to synthesize microbial protein. If there is excassive degradation of protein to ammonia by rumen micro-organisms, it can result in substantial loss of potential protein forming material. After passage from the rumen to lower parts of the digestive tract, the ruminant animal digests the microbial protein which has formed within the rumen and the animal obtains its amino acid supply indirectly in this manner. Thus, in general, the quantity and quality of the amino acid supply to the rumi-nant animal is dependent largely upon the extent of the microbiaL growth within the rumen and is little influenced by the quantity and quaLity of the amino acids in the diet. Ammonia formed in excess of that which can be utilized by microbial growth is wasted rather than used to supply amino acids to the animal. In addition, the value of the microbial protein is not as high as that of good quality supplements. Therefore, the value of the supplements can be decreased by rumen transformation. In a similar ' . .
manner, other valuable components of the ration can be degraded or modified by micro-organisms in the diges~ive tract of animals.
There are reports indicating that the supply of protein and other nutrients from the rumen is not always adequate to optimally meet the needs of the tissues of ruminant animalsO Extensive efforts have been made for protecting valuable dietary components from the degradation in the rumen.
Proteinaceous ma~erials have been treated with tannins or with aldehydes to chemically modify proteinaceous materials. 'Heat treatment of proteins has also been suggested. Attempts have been made to coat materials with synthetic polymers in order'to prevent contact of the materials with micro-organisms of the rumen. Attempts have also been made to supply feedstuffs directly ~o the lower digestive tract of ruminants by stimulation of the esophageal reflex upon consumption of the material in a liquid media. However, the prior art has suffered from limited applicability or high expense, resulting in limited commercial applications. ~ith some methods, the protèctive treat-ment has, in fact, decreased the overall value of the feedstuff. The present invention is relatively inexpensive, simple and does not entail chemicals or practices foreign to ruminant animals.
It is also known to treat silage with preservative such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid as is disclosed in British Patent 1,149,314 dated April 23, 1969, British Patent 1,155,485 dated June 18~ 1969, British Patent 1~160,430 dated August 6, 1969, and the corresponding'U.S.
Patent 3,595,665 dated July 27, 1971 as invented by Huitson et al However9-to any one skilled in the art, these references teach the use of preservatives on crops and animal ~eed, and to any person skilled in the art, the facts are that preservatives are substances to be used in very small amount~
(i.e in the smallest amount to yield the preservative properties), generally the amount used is less than 1~%. ~rn exceptional case of crop or feed con-taining an unusual water content, 3% could be used. In practice, no one will ever go further than the 3% level, and the references teach only the use of these substances as preservative.
The present invention provides a method to supply feedstuffs of
- 2 -56~
high quality to ruminant or like animals that can be fed to the animal in the normal way and which, by avoidance of degradation or modification by micro-organisms in the digestive trart would provide the tissues of the animal wi~h increased quality and quantity of nutrients.
Broadly stated the invention comprises a feed comprising at least one member selected from a first class consisting of proteins and at least one member of a second class consisting7 of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid~ with the proviso that the acid concentration in at leas~ one member of the said first class is higher than that of the average acid concentration of the feed, and said acid is present in at least one membe~
of said first class in an amount of about 5% - 20% by said member o said first class.
The invention also comprises a feed comprising at least one member selected from a first class of feed consisting of proteins, the improvement comprising selecting at least one member of said first class of feed consisting of proteins and mixing said at least one member with at least one acid of a second class consisting of acetic, propionic and bu~yric acid, said acid representing an amount of about 5a/~ to 20% of said at least one member, thereaiter adding other components, so that the acid concentra-~20 tion in said at least one member of said first class is higher than that ofthe average acid concentration of the feed, and said acid is present in at least one member of said first class in an amount of about 5% to 20% by ~eight of said member of said first class.
In accordance with this invention an increase in the productivity of ruminant animals is obtained. High concentrations of the short-chained organic acids in proximity to valuable proteins prevent microbial degrada tion or modification of said protein in the rumen (where the residence time is normally about 20 hours) and thus allow the material to pass from the rumen to the lower levels of the digestive tract, where it can be digested and made avallable to the animal more eEficiently by increasing the proba~
bility of the protein escaping from the rumen in an undegraded or unmodified form. And yet this acid treatment does not reduce the effectiveness of t~e ' ~ - 3 -. .
.
, ~ , . .
nor~al digestive processes that occur in the digestive tract after the rumen.
The invention will now be more fully described by means of illustrative exampies.
Six milking cows were managed as in a commercial herd and were offered daily the normal rations of 2 kg hay/100 kg body weight and con-centrate according to production. The experimental supplemen~s were added for test periods of 28 days. The experiment was based on a latin square 10 design and three types of s~lpplement were offered. These were:
Example 1 Treated protein (soybean meaL 47~O; herring meal 24~/o; ground wheat 15%; short-chain organic acids 12%; lignosol 2%~.
Sample A. Untreated protein (soybean meal 53%;
herring meal 27%; ground wheat 17.6%;
lignosol 2 ~ 4%) ~ .
Sample B. Untreated protein, as A (above) plus short-chain organic acids added to basal ration at the rate of 12%-by weight oE
the protein supplement.
The 12% short-chain organic acids used above consisted in a mixture of 60a/o by weight of acetic acid and 40% of propionic acid, the total amount by weight of the acid being 12% of the treated protein. The supplemental pellets, Example 1, Samples A and B (9~4 mm diameter~ were offered as one-eighth of the total concentrate allo~ed.
~ABLE 1 MILK PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION OF DAIRY
COWS REGEIVING TREATED VERSUS UNTREATED PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS
y 4 -.
Sample B
Example 1 Sample ~ Protein Treated Untreated supplement Protein Protein and acids ~ Supplement Supplement separately Milk yield (FCM'kg/day) 19.95 19.2D 19.03 Efficiency of production (kg FCM'/Mcal ME intake) 0.485 0.463 0.469 'Fat corrected ~4%) milk The results are summarized in Table 1 and show that the treatment -10 of the protein supplement with acids did~ in fact, result in improved milk yield and efficiency of production.
Mature-sheep receiving a basal daily ration of 600 g of alfalfa hay were used. The basal ration was insufficient for mai~tenance o-body weight. A latin square design was used in the experiment and each of the following supplements were offered to each sheep for periods o~ six weeks:
Example 2 Acid treated protein supplement.
Sample A Untreated protein supplement, however organic acids were added to the basal hay ration.
Sample B Untreated protein supplement.
Sample C No protein supplement or organic acid provided.
In Example 2 the treated protein supplement was the same as in Example I and the untreated protein the same as in Sample A (see page 4, lines 11 - 14~. In each of the above situa~ions wherein protein supplement was provided, the same amount of protein was offered to all animals (equivalent to 15 g N/day per sheep). Similarly, when the organic acid~
were included, the same amount of these organic acids was offered on each occasion, namely 30 g of acids per day per shecp.
The wool growth rate and body weight change o,f the sheep during periods of supplementation are shown in Table 2.
TAB:[~E 2 BODY WEIGHT ~IN AND WOOL GROWTH RESPONSE
TO ORGANIC ACID TREATED PROT~IN SUPPLEME;NT
.
Wool *Daily weight gain Supplement g/day ~/day Example 2 Acid treated protein 4.96 179 Sample A Untreated protein plus organic acid 4.52 77 Sample B Untreated protein 4.42 167 10 Sample C No supplement nor acid 2.94 -214 * From 2nd to 6th week of supplementation period.
~ .
~ ool growth was measured from a sample area defined by tatooed lines in the mid-side of each sheep. Total wool growth rates in grams per day shown in Table 2 were obtained by multiplying the weight of clean, dry wool on the sample area b~ a factor representing the ratio of sample to total wool growth. Wool growth in the sheep receiving the treated protein was 69% above that of the control sheep and this was a 19% greater response than when the sheep received the untreated supplement. Furthermore, body weights increased most rapidly when the sheep received treated pro~ein. The results shown in Table 2 illustrate that the effectiveness of the protein supplement was optimized when the organic acids were used to treat the protein prior to feeding. Example 2 shows that this result cannot be ob-tained with a feed having the acid homogeneously distributed as sho~n in '~ Sample A.
Similar results were obtained when various protein supplements were treated with organic acids at levels ranging from 10 to 20%. At levels ` of acid treatment less than 10%, the effectiveness of preventing breakdown of the protein by micro-organisms in the rumen was lessened.
Protection against degradation by microbes in the rumen was equally effective for proteins containing fish meal, soybean meal, casien meal, promine and meat meal. The protective effect was observed with protein supplements in various physical forms such as in pellets form (either 3.1 mm, or 9.4 mm, mean diameter), crumbles form, or in the form of a Eine meal.
Protection from microbial degradation in the rumen was also assessed by the rumen ammonia accumulation test when the supplements were consumed per os (i.e. by mouth) in sheep and in cattle. In all cases, the trea~ment pro-cedure was found to be effective when the levels of treatment were between 10 and 20% addition of the acids to the protein supplement offering thereby a method of protecting dietary protein from rapid degradation in the rumen.
,` X ..
high quality to ruminant or like animals that can be fed to the animal in the normal way and which, by avoidance of degradation or modification by micro-organisms in the digestive trart would provide the tissues of the animal wi~h increased quality and quantity of nutrients.
Broadly stated the invention comprises a feed comprising at least one member selected from a first class consisting of proteins and at least one member of a second class consisting7 of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid~ with the proviso that the acid concentration in at leas~ one member of the said first class is higher than that of the average acid concentration of the feed, and said acid is present in at least one membe~
of said first class in an amount of about 5% - 20% by said member o said first class.
The invention also comprises a feed comprising at least one member selected from a first class of feed consisting of proteins, the improvement comprising selecting at least one member of said first class of feed consisting of proteins and mixing said at least one member with at least one acid of a second class consisting of acetic, propionic and bu~yric acid, said acid representing an amount of about 5a/~ to 20% of said at least one member, thereaiter adding other components, so that the acid concentra-~20 tion in said at least one member of said first class is higher than that ofthe average acid concentration of the feed, and said acid is present in at least one member of said first class in an amount of about 5% to 20% by ~eight of said member of said first class.
In accordance with this invention an increase in the productivity of ruminant animals is obtained. High concentrations of the short-chained organic acids in proximity to valuable proteins prevent microbial degrada tion or modification of said protein in the rumen (where the residence time is normally about 20 hours) and thus allow the material to pass from the rumen to the lower levels of the digestive tract, where it can be digested and made avallable to the animal more eEficiently by increasing the proba~
bility of the protein escaping from the rumen in an undegraded or unmodified form. And yet this acid treatment does not reduce the effectiveness of t~e ' ~ - 3 -. .
.
, ~ , . .
nor~al digestive processes that occur in the digestive tract after the rumen.
The invention will now be more fully described by means of illustrative exampies.
Six milking cows were managed as in a commercial herd and were offered daily the normal rations of 2 kg hay/100 kg body weight and con-centrate according to production. The experimental supplemen~s were added for test periods of 28 days. The experiment was based on a latin square 10 design and three types of s~lpplement were offered. These were:
Example 1 Treated protein (soybean meaL 47~O; herring meal 24~/o; ground wheat 15%; short-chain organic acids 12%; lignosol 2%~.
Sample A. Untreated protein (soybean meal 53%;
herring meal 27%; ground wheat 17.6%;
lignosol 2 ~ 4%) ~ .
Sample B. Untreated protein, as A (above) plus short-chain organic acids added to basal ration at the rate of 12%-by weight oE
the protein supplement.
The 12% short-chain organic acids used above consisted in a mixture of 60a/o by weight of acetic acid and 40% of propionic acid, the total amount by weight of the acid being 12% of the treated protein. The supplemental pellets, Example 1, Samples A and B (9~4 mm diameter~ were offered as one-eighth of the total concentrate allo~ed.
~ABLE 1 MILK PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION OF DAIRY
COWS REGEIVING TREATED VERSUS UNTREATED PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS
y 4 -.
Sample B
Example 1 Sample ~ Protein Treated Untreated supplement Protein Protein and acids ~ Supplement Supplement separately Milk yield (FCM'kg/day) 19.95 19.2D 19.03 Efficiency of production (kg FCM'/Mcal ME intake) 0.485 0.463 0.469 'Fat corrected ~4%) milk The results are summarized in Table 1 and show that the treatment -10 of the protein supplement with acids did~ in fact, result in improved milk yield and efficiency of production.
Mature-sheep receiving a basal daily ration of 600 g of alfalfa hay were used. The basal ration was insufficient for mai~tenance o-body weight. A latin square design was used in the experiment and each of the following supplements were offered to each sheep for periods o~ six weeks:
Example 2 Acid treated protein supplement.
Sample A Untreated protein supplement, however organic acids were added to the basal hay ration.
Sample B Untreated protein supplement.
Sample C No protein supplement or organic acid provided.
In Example 2 the treated protein supplement was the same as in Example I and the untreated protein the same as in Sample A (see page 4, lines 11 - 14~. In each of the above situa~ions wherein protein supplement was provided, the same amount of protein was offered to all animals (equivalent to 15 g N/day per sheep). Similarly, when the organic acid~
were included, the same amount of these organic acids was offered on each occasion, namely 30 g of acids per day per shecp.
The wool growth rate and body weight change o,f the sheep during periods of supplementation are shown in Table 2.
TAB:[~E 2 BODY WEIGHT ~IN AND WOOL GROWTH RESPONSE
TO ORGANIC ACID TREATED PROT~IN SUPPLEME;NT
.
Wool *Daily weight gain Supplement g/day ~/day Example 2 Acid treated protein 4.96 179 Sample A Untreated protein plus organic acid 4.52 77 Sample B Untreated protein 4.42 167 10 Sample C No supplement nor acid 2.94 -214 * From 2nd to 6th week of supplementation period.
~ .
~ ool growth was measured from a sample area defined by tatooed lines in the mid-side of each sheep. Total wool growth rates in grams per day shown in Table 2 were obtained by multiplying the weight of clean, dry wool on the sample area b~ a factor representing the ratio of sample to total wool growth. Wool growth in the sheep receiving the treated protein was 69% above that of the control sheep and this was a 19% greater response than when the sheep received the untreated supplement. Furthermore, body weights increased most rapidly when the sheep received treated pro~ein. The results shown in Table 2 illustrate that the effectiveness of the protein supplement was optimized when the organic acids were used to treat the protein prior to feeding. Example 2 shows that this result cannot be ob-tained with a feed having the acid homogeneously distributed as sho~n in '~ Sample A.
Similar results were obtained when various protein supplements were treated with organic acids at levels ranging from 10 to 20%. At levels ` of acid treatment less than 10%, the effectiveness of preventing breakdown of the protein by micro-organisms in the rumen was lessened.
Protection against degradation by microbes in the rumen was equally effective for proteins containing fish meal, soybean meal, casien meal, promine and meat meal. The protective effect was observed with protein supplements in various physical forms such as in pellets form (either 3.1 mm, or 9.4 mm, mean diameter), crumbles form, or in the form of a Eine meal.
Protection from microbial degradation in the rumen was also assessed by the rumen ammonia accumulation test when the supplements were consumed per os (i.e. by mouth) in sheep and in cattle. In all cases, the trea~ment pro-cedure was found to be effective when the levels of treatment were between 10 and 20% addition of the acids to the protein supplement offering thereby a method of protecting dietary protein from rapid degradation in the rumen.
,` X ..
Claims (14)
1. In a method of making a feed comprising at least one member selected from a first class of feed consisting of proteins, the improve-ment comprising: a) selecting at least one member of said first class of feed consisting of proteins: b) mixing therewith at least one acid of a second class consisting of acetic, propionic and butyric acid, said acid representing an amount of about 5% to 20% by weight of said proteins c) thereafter mixing other feed components, and thereby obtaining an acid concentration in said first class consisting of proteins higher than that of the average acid concentration of the feed, and said acid being present in at least one member of said first class in an amount of about 5% to 20% by weight of said member of said first class.
2. The method as defined in Claim 1 wherein said acid represents 10% - 20% of said at least member of said first class.
3. The method as defined in Claim 1 or 2 wherein the acid is a mixture of acetic and propionic acid.
4. The method as defined in Claim 1 or 2 wherein the acid is a mixture of 15 - 20 parts acetic acid and about 80 parts by weight of propionic acid,
5, The method as defined in Claim 1 or 2 wherein said feed component is a protein supplement.
6. A feed whenever prepared by the method according to Claim 1, said feed comprising at least one member selected from a first class consisting of proteins and at least one member of a second class consist-ing of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, with the proviso that the acid concentration in at least one member of said first class is higher than that of the average acid concentration of the feed, and said acid is present in at least one member of said first class in an amount of about 5% - 20% by said member of said first class .
7. The feed as defined in Claim 6 wherein said acid is present in at least one member of said first class in an amount of about 10% - 20% by weight of at least one member of said first class.
8. The feed as defined in claim 6 wherein said first class is a protein supplement.
9. The feed as defined in Claim 6 wherein said first class consists of promine, soybean meal, fish meal casein meal and meat meal.
10. The feed as defined in Claim 6 wherein said acid is a mixture of acetic and propionic acid.
11. A process for preparing a proteinaceous feedstuff for ruminents which comprises contacting a protein-containing meal with from 5 to 20% based on the weight of the meal of at least one acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, the meal thereby being rendered resistant to substantial breakdown in the abomasum and intestines.
12. The process of Claim 11 where the meal is soybean meal.
13. A proteinaceous feed stuff prepared according to the process of Claim 11.
14. A proteinaceous feedstuff prepared according to the process of Claim 12,
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000176795A CA1150563A (en) | 1973-07-18 | 1973-07-18 | Protein protection |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000176795A CA1150563A (en) | 1973-07-18 | 1973-07-18 | Protein protection |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1150563A true CA1150563A (en) | 1983-07-26 |
Family
ID=4097336
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000176795A Expired CA1150563A (en) | 1973-07-18 | 1973-07-18 | Protein protection |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1150563A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1474997A1 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-10 | Inve Technologies N.V. | Method for reducing malodours of solid products containing a carboxylic acid |
-
1973
- 1973-07-18 CA CA000176795A patent/CA1150563A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1474997A1 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-10 | Inve Technologies N.V. | Method for reducing malodours of solid products containing a carboxylic acid |
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