CA1146747A - Furnaces - Google Patents
FurnacesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1146747A CA1146747A CA000363254A CA363254A CA1146747A CA 1146747 A CA1146747 A CA 1146747A CA 000363254 A CA000363254 A CA 000363254A CA 363254 A CA363254 A CA 363254A CA 1146747 A CA1146747 A CA 1146747A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- cooling medium
- mouth
- cooled
- zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure The invention relates to a method for cooling a mouth of a converter through which contents of the converter are discharged at high temperature. A cooling medium such as a combustible liquid of high temperature cracking characteristics is maintained in a storage zone and cooled.
The cooled cooling medium is introduced in a first header zone maintained at a preselected temperature or pressure, and selectively admitted to a plurality of individually segmented zones, in conduits in the form of a serpentine pipe exposed to the high temperature and embedded within a refractory material. The zones are disposed in combination with the mouth and the refractory material lining the mouth such that the individually segmented zones may be cooled.
Provision is made for expansion and contraction of the pipe within each segment independently of the refractory material lining the mouth and in heat exchange relationship there-with. A heated cooling medium is admitted to a second header zone from the individually segmented zones, the second header zone being maintained under a predetermined pressure. The heated cooling medium is introduced into the storage zone or a cooling zone for recycle of same.
The cooled cooling medium is introduced in a first header zone maintained at a preselected temperature or pressure, and selectively admitted to a plurality of individually segmented zones, in conduits in the form of a serpentine pipe exposed to the high temperature and embedded within a refractory material. The zones are disposed in combination with the mouth and the refractory material lining the mouth such that the individually segmented zones may be cooled.
Provision is made for expansion and contraction of the pipe within each segment independently of the refractory material lining the mouth and in heat exchange relationship there-with. A heated cooling medium is admitted to a second header zone from the individually segmented zones, the second header zone being maintained under a predetermined pressure. The heated cooling medium is introduced into the storage zone or a cooling zone for recycle of same.
Description
Il - . . . . . . 36213 ~ ~67~7 . .
Thi~ invention relates to furnaces in which the contents are at high temperature and these contents are emptied such as by pouring through an opening.
As background, the following U. ~. Patents have been considere~: 3,588,072; 3,687t436; 3,719,3S5; 3,799,524;
3,895,783; 4,026,352; and 3,963,223.
According to the invention, there is provided a furnace having a mouth provided with cooling tubes through which a cooling medium can pass, the tubes being in heat exchange contact with fins provided in cooperation with the lining, and means for passing a cooling medium through the tubes.
~he furnace cooling includes, in combination, a :; recvcle system comprised of a heat exchanger for cooling the cooling medium that has been used to cool the mouth and means for controlling the recycle. The furnace may preferably be provided with several cooling tubes for cooling the mouth and . .
a ~uitable pump may be used as the means for passing the cooling medium through the tubes. -A preferred cooling medium is a li~uid which is no~-explosive if leaXage in the cooling conduits occurs. The liquid m~y, for example, be an oil having a high cracking temperature, e. g., a cracking temperature within a range associated with .~ Mobiltherm 603.
: 25 The present invention also extends to a method of cooling further at least part of a furnace liningr but particular-ly a furnace mouth, which comprises passing a combustible, but high cracXing temperature cooling medium, such as oil, through , ' 11 , cooling tubes in heat exchange contact with part of the lining, feeding the coo]ing medium away from the lining and through a heat exchanger to cool it, and returning the cooled cooling medium to the cooling tubes. Suitable pressure control means, e.g., pressure responsive valves, are provided for the cooling medium being fed to the high termperature zone being cooled as well as the cooling medium leaving the high temperature zone.
Thus, the cooling medium which has passed through the heat exchanger is to be supplied to a header tank, e.g.
a manifold, and then to a plurality of cooling tubes fitted to the furnace lining and is to be returned from the cooling tubes through a second header tank. A function of the header tanks is to allow for surges in the cooling system and another function is to impose a certain pressure on the cooling medium~
The cooling medium may be fed by any suitable pump.
The cooling tubes, which may be square tubes, are preferably arranged between fins welded onto the lining or disposed within the refractory in such a ~ay that the tubes are free to expand and contract with variations of temperature in the lining, i.e., refractory or metalg without cracking.
This means that the tubes will not normally be attached to the fins or to the lining.
In accordance with a particular embodiment of the invention there is provided a cooling device for a converter holding and discharging hot copper contents through an open-ing thereof at high temperature. The combination includes a holding vessel for a cooling medium, means for cooling the cooling medium and a first header vessel for a cooled cooling medium. The means for cooling are responsively inter-connected to means for pumping the cooled cooling medium
Thi~ invention relates to furnaces in which the contents are at high temperature and these contents are emptied such as by pouring through an opening.
As background, the following U. ~. Patents have been considere~: 3,588,072; 3,687t436; 3,719,3S5; 3,799,524;
3,895,783; 4,026,352; and 3,963,223.
According to the invention, there is provided a furnace having a mouth provided with cooling tubes through which a cooling medium can pass, the tubes being in heat exchange contact with fins provided in cooperation with the lining, and means for passing a cooling medium through the tubes.
~he furnace cooling includes, in combination, a :; recvcle system comprised of a heat exchanger for cooling the cooling medium that has been used to cool the mouth and means for controlling the recycle. The furnace may preferably be provided with several cooling tubes for cooling the mouth and . .
a ~uitable pump may be used as the means for passing the cooling medium through the tubes. -A preferred cooling medium is a li~uid which is no~-explosive if leaXage in the cooling conduits occurs. The liquid m~y, for example, be an oil having a high cracking temperature, e. g., a cracking temperature within a range associated with .~ Mobiltherm 603.
: 25 The present invention also extends to a method of cooling further at least part of a furnace liningr but particular-ly a furnace mouth, which comprises passing a combustible, but high cracXing temperature cooling medium, such as oil, through , ' 11 , cooling tubes in heat exchange contact with part of the lining, feeding the coo]ing medium away from the lining and through a heat exchanger to cool it, and returning the cooled cooling medium to the cooling tubes. Suitable pressure control means, e.g., pressure responsive valves, are provided for the cooling medium being fed to the high termperature zone being cooled as well as the cooling medium leaving the high temperature zone.
Thus, the cooling medium which has passed through the heat exchanger is to be supplied to a header tank, e.g.
a manifold, and then to a plurality of cooling tubes fitted to the furnace lining and is to be returned from the cooling tubes through a second header tank. A function of the header tanks is to allow for surges in the cooling system and another function is to impose a certain pressure on the cooling medium~
The cooling medium may be fed by any suitable pump.
The cooling tubes, which may be square tubes, are preferably arranged between fins welded onto the lining or disposed within the refractory in such a ~ay that the tubes are free to expand and contract with variations of temperature in the lining, i.e., refractory or metalg without cracking.
This means that the tubes will not normally be attached to the fins or to the lining.
In accordance with a particular embodiment of the invention there is provided a cooling device for a converter holding and discharging hot copper contents through an open-ing thereof at high temperature. The combination includes a holding vessel for a cooling medium, means for cooling the cooling medium and a first header vessel for a cooled cooling medium. The means for cooling are responsively inter-connected to means for pumping the cooled cooling medium
- 2 -to the first header. Also included are means for selectively admitting the cooling medium to a plurality of individually segmented cooling arrays disposed around the periphery of the opening in response to a pressure maintaining means down-stream from each of the segmented cooling arrays. The means comprise conduits floatingly disposed within heat exchange fins, and the heat exchange fins are restrainingly disposed within a refractory material for the opening. Further in-cluded are means for controlling the cooling medium flow in the individually segmented cooling arrays interconnected with the pressure maintaining means and including additional means for maintaining the pressure in a second header vessel.
Still further included are means for reintroducing the cool-ing medium into the holding vessel.
From a different aspect, and in accordance with the invention, there is provided, in a method for cooling a mouth of a converter through which contents of said con-verter are discharged at high temperatures, the improvement comprising, maintaining in a storage zone as a cooling medium a combustible liquid of high temperature cracking characteris-tics. The cooling medium is cooled, and the cooled cooling medium is introduced in a first header zone maintained at a preselected temperature or pressure. The cooled cooling medium is then selectively admitted to a plurality of indiv-idually segmented zones, in conduits in the form of a~serpen-tine pipe exposed to the high temperature and embedded within a refrac'ory material. The zones are disposed in combination with the mouth and the refractory matexial linin~ the mouth is such that the individually segmented zones may be cooled~
Provision is made for the expansion and contraction of the pipe within each segment independently of the refractory - 2a -, ;7~7 material lining the mouth and in heat exchange relationship with them. A heated cooling medium is admitted to a second `header zone from the individually segmented zones, the second header zone being maintained under a predetermined pressure. The heated cooling medium is introduced into the storage zone for recycle of same.
An embodiment of the invention will now be des-cribed, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of a cool-ing system applied to a converter mouth, and Figure 2 shows in a perspective, break-out view, an arrangement of cooling tubes in the part of the converter mouth.
- 2b -~ ) 36213 1~7~ I
Figure 3 illustrates an arrangement of cooling tubes, the fins therefor and positioning elements in the circled section shown in Figure 2.
As -~hown in Figure 1, a cooling system includes a storage tan~ 10, in which is stored an oil, preferably having a high cracking temperature, such as Mohiltherm 603. This cooling fluid is also of a ty~e having a low vapor pressure at a high temperature, i. e~, the fluid i~ n~t likely to vaporize under high thermal load su~h ~s when compared'to water at the same conditions. The tank is provided with a vent 101 in a conventional manner. A sight glass 102 is also provided for indicatîng the level of oil i~ the tank.
An outlet 103 of the tank 10 is connected to control ¦valve 11 and then to an inlet (not shown~ of a heat exchanger ~12. The oil passes through the heat exchanger 12 and is cooled by water circulating within the heat exchanger. The water is supplied to the heat exchanger by a pump 13.
Oil is drawn rom the heat exchanger by a pump 14 which then supplies the oi~ to a header tank 15, in the form of a suitable manifold. The pump 14 forces oil through the header tank 15 and through suitable control' valves 16, i. e., pressure responsive values, the pressure ~eing adjusted in response to the downstream pressure (from valve 16) to a converter 7 having a mouth 17 'therefor, the oil passing into cooling tubes 171 which are in contact with the convertor mouth 17. The conv~rter 7 i5 emptied ~y partial rotation of its contents~
Having passed through the cooling tubes 171, the oil leaves the convertor mouth 17 and travels through control valves 18 into an outlet header 1~. These valves are pressure _3_ . ~ ~? ~, 3Ç~13 ' responsive valves, but responsive to the pressure upstream, these valve~ may also be temperature responsive. From the outlet header 19, the oil is returned to the tank 10 through an inlet 104 thereof, and if needed, an appropriate valve ~not shown) may be used therebetween.
The valves also enable individual parts of the cooling ~ystem to be isolated such as by a fail safe setting in the event of breakage or other failure.
In ~igure 2, the outer rim of the convertor opening 17 is indicated as 175 and the inner rim as 176. Webs i74 join them together. It is noted that the mouth 17 and the eonverter are joined in a compound curve and for ease of illustration, only a break-out section o~ the convertor mouth 17 has been shown.
Figure 2 illustrates some of ~he cooling tubes 171 mounted on the side of the convextor mouth shown in Figure 1 as ; 177, all the refractory material being omitted. ~owever, it is to be understood that the refractory material is disposed beneath flange 176. The mouth 17 in this case is the msuth of a Pierce-Smith copper converter. Although only two cooling tubes are ~hown, it will be appreciated that other tubes are mounted around the convertor mouth in a ~imilar manner.
As show~ in Figure 2, the cooling tubes ~71 are disposed between contact fins 172, which are themselves welded to steel sections of that part of the~mouth that is to be protected such as mouth side parts 177, but if necessary around the entire mouth 17. The tubes are trapped in position b~ locatinc elements 173, which, in turn, are attached to the fins 17~.
This arrangement allows the tubes 171 to contact the fins . ~l 5~,) 172 and to provide adequatc heat exchange and also allows ~he tubes to expand and contract freely without the possibility of cracking. The tubes may be small diameter, e. g., ~tainless ~teel tubes, having an internal diameter, for example of 3/8n.
In figure 3, a section through the circled Rection ~shown in Figure 2) det~ils the attachment of the fins 172 to mouth ~ide 177, and the locating elements 173.
The specific form of the invention described can be used wherever steel or other metal is exposed to high temperature ~hemical and physical a~tack, particularly in furnaces which contain molten-mattes, metals or slags.
Where the invention is applied to the converter mouth, as described, erosion of the mouth can be reduced and this can result in considerable savings. For example, the number of convertor mouths to be built or repaired is reduced, there is a prolonged, useful life-cycle of a converter in those instances where the converter mouth life is determinant and, since the mouth is undamaged at the end of the converter life cycle, it need not be removed and replaced and therefore the adjacent refractories ~eed not be removed to facilitate removal of the mouth. ~here is thus a refractory saving when the converter is rebuilt, i. e., with fresh reractories~
Still ~urther, the header tanks 15 and 19 in combinàtion with individual valving for each o~ the tube arrays alleviate surges, prevent ~flash choking" of fluids in $he tube ~hen rapid heat transfer occurs therein and the f~uid vaporizes in whole or in part, etc. However, in combination with the above, a fluid such as the above mentioned Mobiltherm 603 aids the thermal control achieva~le ~y the present device by maintaining the liquids physical properties at relatively high temperatures.
. ~ ) 36213 ~ 7~
In addition to cooling the mouth, the cooling coils also cool the refractory adjacent to the mouth and the cooler refractories have a longer life than those which are not cooled, e. g~, chemical attack is less likely to occur. Liquid contents of the convertor which splash onto the mouth and freeze there are more easily removed from the cold surface. Furthermore, in those applications for furnaces which presently employ water-cooling, a change to the described method of cooling makes the operation far safer as regards personnel and equipment, since the danger of explosions as a result of water coming into contact with ~ molten metal or matte, commonly associated with water jackets, : is removed~
Still further included are means for reintroducing the cool-ing medium into the holding vessel.
From a different aspect, and in accordance with the invention, there is provided, in a method for cooling a mouth of a converter through which contents of said con-verter are discharged at high temperatures, the improvement comprising, maintaining in a storage zone as a cooling medium a combustible liquid of high temperature cracking characteris-tics. The cooling medium is cooled, and the cooled cooling medium is introduced in a first header zone maintained at a preselected temperature or pressure. The cooled cooling medium is then selectively admitted to a plurality of indiv-idually segmented zones, in conduits in the form of a~serpen-tine pipe exposed to the high temperature and embedded within a refrac'ory material. The zones are disposed in combination with the mouth and the refractory matexial linin~ the mouth is such that the individually segmented zones may be cooled~
Provision is made for the expansion and contraction of the pipe within each segment independently of the refractory - 2a -, ;7~7 material lining the mouth and in heat exchange relationship with them. A heated cooling medium is admitted to a second `header zone from the individually segmented zones, the second header zone being maintained under a predetermined pressure. The heated cooling medium is introduced into the storage zone for recycle of same.
An embodiment of the invention will now be des-cribed, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of a cool-ing system applied to a converter mouth, and Figure 2 shows in a perspective, break-out view, an arrangement of cooling tubes in the part of the converter mouth.
- 2b -~ ) 36213 1~7~ I
Figure 3 illustrates an arrangement of cooling tubes, the fins therefor and positioning elements in the circled section shown in Figure 2.
As -~hown in Figure 1, a cooling system includes a storage tan~ 10, in which is stored an oil, preferably having a high cracking temperature, such as Mohiltherm 603. This cooling fluid is also of a ty~e having a low vapor pressure at a high temperature, i. e~, the fluid i~ n~t likely to vaporize under high thermal load su~h ~s when compared'to water at the same conditions. The tank is provided with a vent 101 in a conventional manner. A sight glass 102 is also provided for indicatîng the level of oil i~ the tank.
An outlet 103 of the tank 10 is connected to control ¦valve 11 and then to an inlet (not shown~ of a heat exchanger ~12. The oil passes through the heat exchanger 12 and is cooled by water circulating within the heat exchanger. The water is supplied to the heat exchanger by a pump 13.
Oil is drawn rom the heat exchanger by a pump 14 which then supplies the oi~ to a header tank 15, in the form of a suitable manifold. The pump 14 forces oil through the header tank 15 and through suitable control' valves 16, i. e., pressure responsive values, the pressure ~eing adjusted in response to the downstream pressure (from valve 16) to a converter 7 having a mouth 17 'therefor, the oil passing into cooling tubes 171 which are in contact with the convertor mouth 17. The conv~rter 7 i5 emptied ~y partial rotation of its contents~
Having passed through the cooling tubes 171, the oil leaves the convertor mouth 17 and travels through control valves 18 into an outlet header 1~. These valves are pressure _3_ . ~ ~? ~, 3Ç~13 ' responsive valves, but responsive to the pressure upstream, these valve~ may also be temperature responsive. From the outlet header 19, the oil is returned to the tank 10 through an inlet 104 thereof, and if needed, an appropriate valve ~not shown) may be used therebetween.
The valves also enable individual parts of the cooling ~ystem to be isolated such as by a fail safe setting in the event of breakage or other failure.
In ~igure 2, the outer rim of the convertor opening 17 is indicated as 175 and the inner rim as 176. Webs i74 join them together. It is noted that the mouth 17 and the eonverter are joined in a compound curve and for ease of illustration, only a break-out section o~ the convertor mouth 17 has been shown.
Figure 2 illustrates some of ~he cooling tubes 171 mounted on the side of the convextor mouth shown in Figure 1 as ; 177, all the refractory material being omitted. ~owever, it is to be understood that the refractory material is disposed beneath flange 176. The mouth 17 in this case is the msuth of a Pierce-Smith copper converter. Although only two cooling tubes are ~hown, it will be appreciated that other tubes are mounted around the convertor mouth in a ~imilar manner.
As show~ in Figure 2, the cooling tubes ~71 are disposed between contact fins 172, which are themselves welded to steel sections of that part of the~mouth that is to be protected such as mouth side parts 177, but if necessary around the entire mouth 17. The tubes are trapped in position b~ locatinc elements 173, which, in turn, are attached to the fins 17~.
This arrangement allows the tubes 171 to contact the fins . ~l 5~,) 172 and to provide adequatc heat exchange and also allows ~he tubes to expand and contract freely without the possibility of cracking. The tubes may be small diameter, e. g., ~tainless ~teel tubes, having an internal diameter, for example of 3/8n.
In figure 3, a section through the circled Rection ~shown in Figure 2) det~ils the attachment of the fins 172 to mouth ~ide 177, and the locating elements 173.
The specific form of the invention described can be used wherever steel or other metal is exposed to high temperature ~hemical and physical a~tack, particularly in furnaces which contain molten-mattes, metals or slags.
Where the invention is applied to the converter mouth, as described, erosion of the mouth can be reduced and this can result in considerable savings. For example, the number of convertor mouths to be built or repaired is reduced, there is a prolonged, useful life-cycle of a converter in those instances where the converter mouth life is determinant and, since the mouth is undamaged at the end of the converter life cycle, it need not be removed and replaced and therefore the adjacent refractories ~eed not be removed to facilitate removal of the mouth. ~here is thus a refractory saving when the converter is rebuilt, i. e., with fresh reractories~
Still ~urther, the header tanks 15 and 19 in combinàtion with individual valving for each o~ the tube arrays alleviate surges, prevent ~flash choking" of fluids in $he tube ~hen rapid heat transfer occurs therein and the f~uid vaporizes in whole or in part, etc. However, in combination with the above, a fluid such as the above mentioned Mobiltherm 603 aids the thermal control achieva~le ~y the present device by maintaining the liquids physical properties at relatively high temperatures.
. ~ ) 36213 ~ 7~
In addition to cooling the mouth, the cooling coils also cool the refractory adjacent to the mouth and the cooler refractories have a longer life than those which are not cooled, e. g~, chemical attack is less likely to occur. Liquid contents of the convertor which splash onto the mouth and freeze there are more easily removed from the cold surface. Furthermore, in those applications for furnaces which presently employ water-cooling, a change to the described method of cooling makes the operation far safer as regards personnel and equipment, since the danger of explosions as a result of water coming into contact with ~ molten metal or matte, commonly associated with water jackets, : is removed~
Claims (5)
1. In a method for cooling a mouth of a converter through which contents of said converter are discharged at high temperature, the improvement comprising:
maintaining in a storage zone as a cooling medium a combustible liquid of high temperature cracking charact-eristics;
cooling said cooling medium;
introducing said cooled cooling medium in a first header zone maintained at a preselected temperature or pressure;
selectively admitting said cooled cooling medium, to a plurality of individually segmented zones, in conduits in the form of a serpentine pipe exposed to the high tem-perature and embedded within a refractory material, said zones being disposed in combination with said mouth and said re-fractory material lining said mouth such that said individually segmented zones may be cooled;
providing for expansion and contraction of said pipe within each segment independently of said refractory material lining said mouth and in heat exchange relationship therewith;
admitting a heated cooling medium to a second header zone from said individually segmented zones, said second header zone being maintained under a predetermined pressure, and introducing said heated cooling medium into said storage zone for recycle of same.
maintaining in a storage zone as a cooling medium a combustible liquid of high temperature cracking charact-eristics;
cooling said cooling medium;
introducing said cooled cooling medium in a first header zone maintained at a preselected temperature or pressure;
selectively admitting said cooled cooling medium, to a plurality of individually segmented zones, in conduits in the form of a serpentine pipe exposed to the high tem-perature and embedded within a refractory material, said zones being disposed in combination with said mouth and said re-fractory material lining said mouth such that said individually segmented zones may be cooled;
providing for expansion and contraction of said pipe within each segment independently of said refractory material lining said mouth and in heat exchange relationship therewith;
admitting a heated cooling medium to a second header zone from said individually segmented zones, said second header zone being maintained under a predetermined pressure, and introducing said heated cooling medium into said storage zone for recycle of same.
2. The process as defined in claim 1 wherein the individually segmented cooling zones are further surrounded by said refractory material, said refractory material extending into a zone adjacent said mouth and said adjacent zone being cooled as said mouth is being cooled by said cooling medium.
3. The process as defined in claim 1 wherein said pipe is of stainless steel.
4. A cooling device for a converter holding and dis-charging hot copper contents through an opening thereof at high temperature, the combination comprising a holding vessel for a cooling medium, means for cooling said cooling medium and a first header vessel for a cooled cooling medium, said means for cooling being responsively interconnected to means for pumping said cooled cooling medium to said first header vessel;
means for selectively admitting said cooling medium to a plurality of individually segmented cooling arrays disposed around a periphery of said opening in response to a pressure maintaining means downstream from each of said segmented cooling arrays comprising conduits floatingly disposed within heat exchange fins, and said heat exchange fins restrainingly disposed within a refractory material for said opening;
means for controlling said cooling medium flow in said individually segmented cooling arrays interconnected with said pressure maintaining means and including additional means for maintaining the pressure in a second header vessel;
and means for reintroducing said cooling medium into said holding vessel.
means for selectively admitting said cooling medium to a plurality of individually segmented cooling arrays disposed around a periphery of said opening in response to a pressure maintaining means downstream from each of said segmented cooling arrays comprising conduits floatingly disposed within heat exchange fins, and said heat exchange fins restrainingly disposed within a refractory material for said opening;
means for controlling said cooling medium flow in said individually segmented cooling arrays interconnected with said pressure maintaining means and including additional means for maintaining the pressure in a second header vessel;
and means for reintroducing said cooling medium into said holding vessel.
5. The cooling device as defined in claim 4, wherein the individually segmented cooling array comprises stainless steel tubing floatingly disposed in combination with said heat exchange fins.
8 .
8 .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000363254A CA1146747A (en) | 1980-10-24 | 1980-10-24 | Furnaces |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000363254A CA1146747A (en) | 1980-10-24 | 1980-10-24 | Furnaces |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1146747A true CA1146747A (en) | 1983-05-24 |
Family
ID=4118261
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000363254A Expired CA1146747A (en) | 1980-10-24 | 1980-10-24 | Furnaces |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1146747A (en) |
-
1980
- 1980-10-24 CA CA000363254A patent/CA1146747A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |