CA1146707A - Swimming pool shock and pool maintenance composition - Google Patents
Swimming pool shock and pool maintenance compositionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1146707A CA1146707A CA000370542A CA370542A CA1146707A CA 1146707 A CA1146707 A CA 1146707A CA 000370542 A CA000370542 A CA 000370542A CA 370542 A CA370542 A CA 370542A CA 1146707 A CA1146707 A CA 1146707A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- water
- pounds
- gallons
- per
- swimming pool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/42—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from bathing facilities, e.g. swimming pools
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention relates to a novel composition for shocking and maintaining swimming pools. The composition contains copper sulfate to control algae, soda ash to act as a buffering agent and alum. Sodium chloride or other sources of chlorine may be added to the swimming pool water from time-to-time.
The present invention relates to a novel composition for shocking and maintaining swimming pools. The composition contains copper sulfate to control algae, soda ash to act as a buffering agent and alum. Sodium chloride or other sources of chlorine may be added to the swimming pool water from time-to-time.
Description
i7~7 ST~IMMING POOI, SHOCK A~ID POOL ~ 1TEN~NCE
CO~POSITION
The present invention relates to a novel composition for shocking and maintaining swimming pools.
Swimming pool water must be treated to destroy and/or control bacteria, alyae organic matter, and unpleasant odors, in order to keep the pool safe and pleasant to swim in. The most widely used bactericide and algaecide for swimming pools is chlorine. Generally, it is supplied in five basic kinds of pro-duct: chlorine gas (cylinders), calcium hypochloride (dry),sodium hypochloride (liquid), lithium hypochloride ~dry), and chloroisocyanurates (dry). Some iodine and bromine bacteri-cides (like chlorine, members of the halogen family) are also used in pools, but find rather limited application.
While chlorine is an effective bactericide, it does not remain effective in swimming pool water for long periods of time. In addition, another problem with chlorine is that it can be somewhat expensive to constantly add large amounts of chlorine to swimming pool water. Rain, sunlight, and pool use tend to increase the amount of chlorine to be added to swimming pool water. Algae growth can be a serious problem for swimming pool owners, even with the use of chlorine, particularly if the swimming pool is left unattended or is not maintained daily.
It is known that copper sulfate (CuSO4) is an effective algaecide. However, copper sulfate is not used in swimming pools as it turns the pool water blue, the coping around the pool edge black, and has a dyeing effect on light coloured swim suits. By adding sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate with copper sulfate to the pool water, a reaction occurs and a portion of the sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate remains in a solid state and absorbs and removes the blue staining substance, leaving the water clear. Copper sulfate has many advantages over chlorine releasing compounds, in that it is retained in swimming pool water to work effectively for long periods of time, and that it is considerably less expensive than any of the sources of chlorine commonly used in swimming pools today. When used in conjunction with chlorine and swimming pool water, the presence of copper sulfate will reduce the chlorine demand by keeping algae growth controlled.
When copper sulfate is added to water, the copper sulfate will ionize in the water, causing the pH to be lowered and causing the resulting solution to become acidic and turn the water blue. To compensate for this undesirable result, and to maintain a relatively balanced pH in the swimming pool water, either sodium ca~onate or sodium bicarkonate can be added to the swimming pool water. When sodium ca~onate or bicarbonate is added to the copper sulfate and water solution, it acts as a buffer in the resulting solution to reduce the tendency of the copper sulfate to lower the pH of the water solution, to resist changes in pH caused by external factors such as rain and pool use, and to remove the blue staining substance introduced by the copper sulfate. Alum may also be added to the swimming pool water in the form of aluminum sulfate or one of the other common alums. Under alkaline conditions, it hydrolyzes in the water to form aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 which is a fine, gelatinous precipitate or "floc". It thus acts to carry down the soda ash, iron and other impurities "
,, , ,5, j, ~ -2-which are picked up by the pool ~ilter system, or can be vaccuumed from the pool bo-ttom.
The combination of copper sulfate with either sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate and alum provides an effective swimming pool treatment package at a much reduced cost to the swimming pool owner. Salt crystal can be added as a source of chlorine. In addition, maintenance time is greatly reduced.
This combination can be used in conjunction with chlori-ne, if desired, for an even more effective swimming pool treatment pack-age which would still reduce the cost of maintaining a swimmingpool. When added to the pool water, the mixture should be dis-tributed evenly across the pool surface to reduce t'ne amount of chemical reaction between the copper sulfate and alum with the soda ash and salt. This combination should be added to the swim-ming pool water when the swimming pool is opened for the swimming season, and thereafter the pool should be shocked weekly with chlorine.
It should be noted that the cost of blueston~, salt, soda or soda ash, and alum, is relatively inexpensive when compared to the cost of the compounds normally used to treat and maintain swimming pools. Since there is less maintenance time with the use of the present invention than there is with the standard composition, the cost is more significantly lowered, and maintenance time is reduced.
It is to be noted that ~ pound of bluestone in 10,000 gallons of water provides only 1.3 parts/million of Cu +. This is less than the 2 parts/million allowed in beverages.
)7 Of course, anhydrous copper sulfate could also be used instead of bluestone, however, a smaller amount by weight would be used due to the difference in molecular weight.
_ _ Experiments have been performed with various combinations of bluestone, alum, salt, and soda ash. One combination which provided very satisfactory results and lasted the entire pool season in Ontario is as follows:
10 ounces of bluestone/10,000 gallons of water 1~ pounds of alum/10,000 gallons of water
CO~POSITION
The present invention relates to a novel composition for shocking and maintaining swimming pools.
Swimming pool water must be treated to destroy and/or control bacteria, alyae organic matter, and unpleasant odors, in order to keep the pool safe and pleasant to swim in. The most widely used bactericide and algaecide for swimming pools is chlorine. Generally, it is supplied in five basic kinds of pro-duct: chlorine gas (cylinders), calcium hypochloride (dry),sodium hypochloride (liquid), lithium hypochloride ~dry), and chloroisocyanurates (dry). Some iodine and bromine bacteri-cides (like chlorine, members of the halogen family) are also used in pools, but find rather limited application.
While chlorine is an effective bactericide, it does not remain effective in swimming pool water for long periods of time. In addition, another problem with chlorine is that it can be somewhat expensive to constantly add large amounts of chlorine to swimming pool water. Rain, sunlight, and pool use tend to increase the amount of chlorine to be added to swimming pool water. Algae growth can be a serious problem for swimming pool owners, even with the use of chlorine, particularly if the swimming pool is left unattended or is not maintained daily.
It is known that copper sulfate (CuSO4) is an effective algaecide. However, copper sulfate is not used in swimming pools as it turns the pool water blue, the coping around the pool edge black, and has a dyeing effect on light coloured swim suits. By adding sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate with copper sulfate to the pool water, a reaction occurs and a portion of the sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate remains in a solid state and absorbs and removes the blue staining substance, leaving the water clear. Copper sulfate has many advantages over chlorine releasing compounds, in that it is retained in swimming pool water to work effectively for long periods of time, and that it is considerably less expensive than any of the sources of chlorine commonly used in swimming pools today. When used in conjunction with chlorine and swimming pool water, the presence of copper sulfate will reduce the chlorine demand by keeping algae growth controlled.
When copper sulfate is added to water, the copper sulfate will ionize in the water, causing the pH to be lowered and causing the resulting solution to become acidic and turn the water blue. To compensate for this undesirable result, and to maintain a relatively balanced pH in the swimming pool water, either sodium ca~onate or sodium bicarkonate can be added to the swimming pool water. When sodium ca~onate or bicarbonate is added to the copper sulfate and water solution, it acts as a buffer in the resulting solution to reduce the tendency of the copper sulfate to lower the pH of the water solution, to resist changes in pH caused by external factors such as rain and pool use, and to remove the blue staining substance introduced by the copper sulfate. Alum may also be added to the swimming pool water in the form of aluminum sulfate or one of the other common alums. Under alkaline conditions, it hydrolyzes in the water to form aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 which is a fine, gelatinous precipitate or "floc". It thus acts to carry down the soda ash, iron and other impurities "
,, , ,5, j, ~ -2-which are picked up by the pool ~ilter system, or can be vaccuumed from the pool bo-ttom.
The combination of copper sulfate with either sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate and alum provides an effective swimming pool treatment package at a much reduced cost to the swimming pool owner. Salt crystal can be added as a source of chlorine. In addition, maintenance time is greatly reduced.
This combination can be used in conjunction with chlori-ne, if desired, for an even more effective swimming pool treatment pack-age which would still reduce the cost of maintaining a swimmingpool. When added to the pool water, the mixture should be dis-tributed evenly across the pool surface to reduce t'ne amount of chemical reaction between the copper sulfate and alum with the soda ash and salt. This combination should be added to the swim-ming pool water when the swimming pool is opened for the swimming season, and thereafter the pool should be shocked weekly with chlorine.
It should be noted that the cost of blueston~, salt, soda or soda ash, and alum, is relatively inexpensive when compared to the cost of the compounds normally used to treat and maintain swimming pools. Since there is less maintenance time with the use of the present invention than there is with the standard composition, the cost is more significantly lowered, and maintenance time is reduced.
It is to be noted that ~ pound of bluestone in 10,000 gallons of water provides only 1.3 parts/million of Cu +. This is less than the 2 parts/million allowed in beverages.
)7 Of course, anhydrous copper sulfate could also be used instead of bluestone, however, a smaller amount by weight would be used due to the difference in molecular weight.
_ _ Experiments have been performed with various combinations of bluestone, alum, salt, and soda ash. One combination which provided very satisfactory results and lasted the entire pool season in Ontario is as follows:
10 ounces of bluestone/10,000 gallons of water 1~ pounds of alum/10,000 gallons of water
2 ounces of salt crystal/10,000 gallons of water 1 pound of soda~l0,000 gallons of water This, with the addition of chlorine in the amount of 4 ounces/10,000 gallons of water once a week provided very satisfactory results.
It has been found that the combination of ingredients is effective if the following minimum and maximum amounts of each ingredient is used per 10,000 gallons of water: between .5 and 1.0 lbs. of bluestone (Cu~O4.5H2O); between .06 and 2 lbs.
of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3); between .1 to 2 lbs. of alum (K2SO4.A12(SO4)3.Z4H2O); between .06 and 1 lb of salt (NaCl).
', ~
It has been found that the combination of ingredients is effective if the following minimum and maximum amounts of each ingredient is used per 10,000 gallons of water: between .5 and 1.0 lbs. of bluestone (Cu~O4.5H2O); between .06 and 2 lbs.
of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3); between .1 to 2 lbs. of alum (K2SO4.A12(SO4)3.Z4H2O); between .06 and 1 lb of salt (NaCl).
', ~
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:-
1. A preparation for treating swimming pool water to retard the growth of algae and bacteria comprising between 0.5 pounds and 1.0 pound of bluestone per 10,000 gallons of water, between .1 pounds and 2 pounds of alum per 10,000 gallons of water, and between .06 pounds and 2 pounds of a buffer from at least one member of the class of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
2. A preparation as claimed in Claim 1 additionally containing between .06 pounds to l pound of sodium choride per 10,000 gallons of water.
3. A preparation which retards the growth of algae and bacteria and which is safe for swimming in to be used in swimming pools, comprising between .1 and 2 parts per million of Cu++ from copper sulfate, between 0.6 and 6 parts per million of Cl- from sodium chloride, between 1 and 20 parts per million of potassium aluminum sulfate, and between .625 and 12.5 parts per million of a buffer from at least one member of the class of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate.
4. A preparation as claimed in Claim 1 wherein amount of bluestone is between .5 and .75 pounds per 10,000 gallons of water, additionally containing sodium chloride in an amount between .06 and .19 pounds per 10,000 gallons of water, wherein the amount of alum is between 1.25 and 1.75 pounds per 10,000 gallons of water, and wherein the amount of buffer is between .75 and 1.25 pounds per 10,000 gallons of water.
5. A method of treating swimming pool water to retard the growth of algae and bacteria comprising the steps of:
(a) adding between .1 pound and .75 pounds of bluestone per 10,000 gallons of water to the swimming pool water;
(b) adding .06 pounds to 1 pound of sodium chloride per 10,000 gallons of water to the swimming pool water;
(c) adding between .06 to 2 pounds of buffer from the class of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate per 10,000 gallons of water to the swimming pool water;
(d) initially shocking the swimming pool water by adding between .13 pounds to .38 pounds of chlorine per 10,000 gallons of water to the swimming pool water;
(e) adding thereafter between .13 pounds to .38 pounds of chlorine per 10,000 gallons of water to the swimming pool water every five to ten days thereafter.
(a) adding between .1 pound and .75 pounds of bluestone per 10,000 gallons of water to the swimming pool water;
(b) adding .06 pounds to 1 pound of sodium chloride per 10,000 gallons of water to the swimming pool water;
(c) adding between .06 to 2 pounds of buffer from the class of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate per 10,000 gallons of water to the swimming pool water;
(d) initially shocking the swimming pool water by adding between .13 pounds to .38 pounds of chlorine per 10,000 gallons of water to the swimming pool water;
(e) adding thereafter between .13 pounds to .38 pounds of chlorine per 10,000 gallons of water to the swimming pool water every five to ten days thereafter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000370542A CA1146707A (en) | 1981-02-10 | 1981-02-10 | Swimming pool shock and pool maintenance composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000370542A CA1146707A (en) | 1981-02-10 | 1981-02-10 | Swimming pool shock and pool maintenance composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1146707A true CA1146707A (en) | 1983-05-24 |
Family
ID=4119147
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000370542A Expired CA1146707A (en) | 1981-02-10 | 1981-02-10 | Swimming pool shock and pool maintenance composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1146707A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0259525A1 (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1988-03-16 | Crystalclear Co. S.A. | Water treatment method and product |
| US5858246A (en) * | 1997-01-14 | 1999-01-12 | Fountainhead Technologies, Inc. | Method of water purification with oxides of chlorine |
| GB2399341A (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-15 | Mohsen Al-Hawary | Water treatment method |
-
1981
- 1981-02-10 CA CA000370542A patent/CA1146707A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0259525A1 (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1988-03-16 | Crystalclear Co. S.A. | Water treatment method and product |
| US5858246A (en) * | 1997-01-14 | 1999-01-12 | Fountainhead Technologies, Inc. | Method of water purification with oxides of chlorine |
| GB2399341A (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-15 | Mohsen Al-Hawary | Water treatment method |
| GB2399341B (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2005-09-07 | Mohsen Al-Hawary | Water treatment method |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |