CA1143870A - Mechanical resonator arrangements - Google Patents

Abstract

J. C. Greenwood 29B

MECHANICAL RESONATOR ARRANGEMENTS

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

A semiconductor transducer device including a body formed from a single crystal semiconductor material and having at least one flexible portion vibratable in response to applied mechanical force. The flexible portion is then maintained in tension whether or not vibrating.

Description

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1 - ~. C. Greenwood 29B

~IECHANICAL RESONATOR ARRANGEMENTS

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIO~
This is a Division of my co-pending Canadian Application 303,465 filed May 16, 1978.
This invention relates to mechanical resonators and, more particularly, to strain gauges fabricated from monolithic silicon.
PRIOR ART STATEMENT
British Patent No. 1,211,499, issued April 22, 1971, describes a method of manu~acturing a semiconductor device, including the steps of providing a silicon substrate having a p-n junction therein, masking the surface of the n-type layer to expose that area or those areas thereof to be etched, and etching the exposed area or areas with an etch solution of a diamine, water and either catechol or catechol derivatives which form a complex with silicon. The said solution is selective in that it does not react with the p-type layer. The maximum depth of the etched layers is thus thereby limited to the thickness of the n-type layer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor transducer device comprising: a body formed from a single crystal semiconductor material and having at least one flexible portion vibratable in response to applied mechanical force; and means to maintain said flexible portion in tension whether or not vibrating.

3~70 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE D~A~INGS
_ _ _ _ In the accompanying drawings which illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a strain gauge of the vibrating type;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of an accelerometer using a vibrational strain gauge of the type shown in Figure l;
Figure 3 is a perspectlve view of a mechanical resonator arrangement, and Figure 4 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED E~BODIMENTS
Notwithstanding the aforesaid British paten-t, it was previously thought that the etch-inhibiting effect was due to electrochemical effects at the p-n junction. Further work has indicated, however, that the inhibiting effect is due mainly to the concentration of a particular dopant being greater than a minimum level. Thus, for example, doping with boron to a level of at least 4 x 1019 atoms per cubic centlmeter produces this effect. In this way, by area and level control of p-doping of a silicon body, a device can be fashioned from the body by selective etching away of the undoped regions.

3~370 - 3 - J. C. Greenwood 29B

Referring to Figure 1, the strain gauge arrangement includes a silicon filament 11 having integral silicon mounting pads 12 at its ends. The filament is stretched between supports 13 to which the mounting pads 12 are secured.
The natural vibrational frequency of the taut silicon filament is a function of the filament cross-section and the tension. Filament lL is formed by etching from a selectively doped silicon chip.
Fig. 2 shows an accelerometer employing a pair oE
1~ silicon filaments as the sensing elements. A machined metal block 21 has an extending leg 22, which leg provides the inertial element of the accelerometer. The leg 22 is flanked by short side legs 23 and 24 separated from the central leg 22 by keyhole slots 25 and 26, respectively. The legs 22, 23 and 24 are bridged by a silicon transducr assembly comprising three silicon pads 27, one secured to each leg, supporting silicon filaments 28 under tension therebetween.
The filaments should preferably be matched in cross-section and tension in the undisplaced configuration of the device~ Acceleration of the device causes consequent displacement of the center leg 22 with respect to the side legs 23 and 24 resembling in mismatch between the vibrational frequencies of the two filaments 28.
A measure of the acceleration may be determined from the resultant beat frequency obtained from the filaments 28.

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Fig. 3 shows a multi-element cantilever type resonator.
The device is formed from a silicon crystal 31 which is selectively etched to provide a transverse valley 32 and a comb-like array of thin, e.g., 2-10 microns, silicon cantilevers 33 extending from one end of the crystal 31, the cantilever being graded in length across the width oE the crystal. The arrangement is mounted on a rigid clamp.
Excitation of the resonator by an input drive applied between the valley 32 and the cantilevers 33, and comprising either a single frequency or several frequencies, causes the corresponding cantilever or cantilevers 33 to resonate.
Resonate vibration of the cantilevers 33 may advantageously be detected optically.
In some applications, the resonator of Fig. 3 may be employed to display the frequency transfer of an audio signal, e.g., for "voice prints" or for transmission of pictures using a frequency domain modulation instead of time domain modulation in one dimension. In further applications, a single cantilever resonator may be used as a frequency standard for a timepiece.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a single frequency resonator in which the resonant element is a rectangular silicon plate 41 supported in a frame 42 via filaments or bridge members 43. The bridges 43 are positioned relative to the plate member 41 such that, when the plate member is resonating at its resonant frequency, nodal regions coincide with the points at which the bridges are attached to the plate. As in all embodiments disclosed hereinbefore, the device is formed by etching from a selectively doped single crystal silicon chip.

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- 5 - J. C. Greenwood 29B

The resonator arrangements described herein may be mounted in an evacuated enclosure, thus avoiding the damping effect of air. In some applications, the resonator Q-factor may be controlled by varying the gas pressure within the enclosure.

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Claims

- 6 - J. C. Greenwood 29B

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A semiconductor transducer device comprising: a body formed from a single crystal semiconductor material and having at least one flexible portion vibratable in response to applied mechanical force; and means to maintain said flexible portion in tension whether or not vibrating.

ADS:rw September 25, 1981 OTTAWA