CA1143786A - Anti-spill device for electrolyte battery - Google Patents
Anti-spill device for electrolyte batteryInfo
- Publication number
- CA1143786A CA1143786A CA000369876A CA369876A CA1143786A CA 1143786 A CA1143786 A CA 1143786A CA 000369876 A CA000369876 A CA 000369876A CA 369876 A CA369876 A CA 369876A CA 1143786 A CA1143786 A CA 1143786A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- electrolyte
- battery
- cell
- outlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/308—Detachable arrangements, e.g. detachable vent plugs or plug systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
- H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
- H01M50/668—Means for preventing spilling of liquid or electrolyte, e.g. when the battery is tilted or turned over
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An anti-spill arrangement is disclosed for a liquid electrolyte battery. The device comprises a chamber configuration or arrangement for containing electrolyte associated with a battery cell, when a battery is tipped toward or onto any one of its sides. The chamber arrangement has an inlet in communication with an associated battery cell and an outlet in communication with a vent to atmosphere. The chamber arrangement is such that regardless to which side a battery having the device is tipped, electrolyte flows from the associated battery cell into the chamber arrangement to a level which blocks further electrolyte flow through the inlet. The chamber arrangement is such that the contained level of electrolyte remains spaced from the outlet of the arrangement. Thus, this type of device precludes flow of electrolyte out of the anti-spill device when the battery is tipped to any one of its sides. The arrangement may be such that, when the battery is righted, the electrolyte is returned to the respective cell to thereby restore electrolyte in that cell to its operating level.
An anti-spill arrangement is disclosed for a liquid electrolyte battery. The device comprises a chamber configuration or arrangement for containing electrolyte associated with a battery cell, when a battery is tipped toward or onto any one of its sides. The chamber arrangement has an inlet in communication with an associated battery cell and an outlet in communication with a vent to atmosphere. The chamber arrangement is such that regardless to which side a battery having the device is tipped, electrolyte flows from the associated battery cell into the chamber arrangement to a level which blocks further electrolyte flow through the inlet. The chamber arrangement is such that the contained level of electrolyte remains spaced from the outlet of the arrangement. Thus, this type of device precludes flow of electrolyte out of the anti-spill device when the battery is tipped to any one of its sides. The arrangement may be such that, when the battery is righted, the electrolyte is returned to the respective cell to thereby restore electrolyte in that cell to its operating level.
Description
3~786 ______________________ This invention relates to an anti-spill device for liquid electrolyte batteries which is designed to prevent spillage of electrolyte when a battery is tipped to any one of its sides.
BACKGROUND_ F_THE_IN_EN_IO_ Various approaches have been taken in the past to deal with the problem of electrolyte spilling or leaking from a battery when it is tipped to any one of its sides or completely turned over. For example, a particular arrangement is disclosed in Canadian patent 682,389, where a device is located in each electrolyte cell opening which is arranged to preclude liquid electrolyte from flowing out of the cell. This is accomplished by the use of a baffle device which is made of hydrophobic plastic resilient material and spaced from the sidewalls of the opening by no more than .3 millimeters. Thus, the baffle device, in view of its hydrophobic nature and the surface tension of the electrolyte, blocks outward flow of electrolyte, yet permits the escape of gases from the battery cell when the battery is upright. Such device is somewhat complex in nature, difficult to manufacture and keep in place in the battery and increases the overall height profile of the battery.
Another arrangement is disclosed in united States patent 2,620,3~0, where interior of the battery a sufficiently large enclosure is provided above the plates, such that when the battery is tipped to any one of its sides, the electrolyte does not rise to a level over the length of cell and enclosure to reach the opening for the cell vent. This arrangement, however, substantially 1 increases the overall height profile of the battery.
United States patent 3,597,280 discloses a type of multiple vent plug assembly which provides for a plurality of enclosures in communication with one another and in communication with cells of a liquid electrolyte battery.
When t~he battery is tipped to any one of its sides, the enclosures serve to contain electrolyte to a level such that the vent openings are filled with electrolyte and, due to the narrow constricting shape of the vent openings, offer obstruction to the discharge of electrolyte from the cells where the leaked electrolyte is accumulated in the enclosures. This type of arrangement may be acceptable in situations where the battery is tilted to its side and not subjected to vibration or other forms of movement, since the liquid will readily drip from the vent opening should the battery be moved about or vibrated while on its side. Thus the system of united States patent 3,597,280 does not provide a complete anti-spill device for batteries.
Aside from the above arrangements, far more complex arrangements are known which are used on aircraft battery and the like which, not only deal with the problem of electrolyte flowing from the cell when tipped to any one of its sides, but also maintains a battery in operation when completely inverted.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide an anti-spill device for a liquid electrolyte battery which is relatively inexpensive to manufacture, may provide a low overall height profile for the battery and is operable to contain electrolyte and prevent spillage thereof, when a battery is tipped toward or onto any one of 1 its sides. This is most useful in batteries, such as car or motorcycle batteries, where during the handling thereof there may be an accidental tipping of the battery to any one of its sides. It may also be necessary that spillage be prevented for extended periods as the tipped battery has gone unnoticed. A further consideration is that, when the battery is in use, vehicles may be operated on such steep inclines that the battery requires an anti-spill device to prevent electrolyte loss while it is tilted. In righting the battery, a feature of the invention is that it may be adapted to return contained electrolyte to the battery cell from which it came to thereby restore it to its normal operating level.
SUMMARY_OF THE_INVENTION
The anti-spill device, according to the invention, for use with a liquid electrolyte battery cell or its opening, comprises a chamber configuration or arrangement associated with a battery cell. The chamber configuration contains electrolyte when a battery is tipped toward or onto any one of its sides and has an inlet in communication with an associated battery cell and an outlet in communication with a vent to atmosphere. The chamber configuration is such that regardless to which side a battery, having said device, is tipped, electrolyte flows from the associated battery cell into the chamber configuration to a level relative to the inlet to cause a stoppage of electrolyte flow from the cell. The chamber configuration is such to ensure that the contained level of electrolyte remains spaced from the outlet of the configuration and thus away from the vent to atmosphere.
1 The chamber configuration may be in the form of a chamber having its inlet in communication with a respective cell. Each chamber has an outlet off to one side of and below the inlet. Means is provided for containing or holcing electrolyte and is associated with the chamber outlet. The holding means has its outlet in communication with the vent means. The arrangement is such that the holding means is of sufficient volume to retain the amount of electrolyte which is displaced into it when equilibrium is achieved between levels of electrolyte in the cells and respective holding means. This may require that a portion of the holding means be above the chamber inlet regardless to which side a battery is tipped. The arrangement accomplishes the desired effect of confining electrolyte from the vent when the battery is tipped to any one of its sides.
The chamber configuration may be so arranged, or have its surfaces sloped, such that when the battery is righted, ti~e contained electrolyte is returned to the respective cell, so as to restore each cell of an electrolyte battery to its normal operating electrolyte level.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
_________________________________ Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a rectangular-shaped liquid electrolyte battery having the anti-spill devices located thereon;
Figure 2 is a section of an anti-spill device according to this invention;
Figure 3 is an exploded view showing the injection 1~3786 1 molded components of the anti-spill device which are to be heat sealed together to form a single unit;
Figure 4 shows an embodiment of electrolyte return baffle arrangement for a cell opening;
Figure 5 is the same section as in Figure 4 showing the unit in association with a battery cell;
Figure 6 is a view of a portion of the anti-spill device showing the sloped surfaces to accomplish electrolyte return;
Figure 7 shows in further detail the compound surfaces which provide electrolyte return for each anti-spill device;
Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11 show levels of contained electrolyte in each of the anti-spill chambers for tipping of the battery to each of its four sides;
Figure 12 shows another embodiment of the invention arranged in gang vent style to be used with a battery having six cell openings, portions of the unit being cut away to illustrate various aspects of the embodiment;
Figure 13 is a section through a portion of the anti-spill device of Figure 12, as associated with a battery cover which has been integrally molded therewith;
Figure 14 is a top view of a portion of the upper region of the anti-spill device of Figure 12;
Figure 15 is a section through the anti-spill device of Figure 12 and associated battery cells to illustrate levels of liquid electrolyte contained when the battery is tipped to one of its sides; and Figures 16 and 17 are views demonstrating the levels of electrolyte in the anti-spill device when the battery is tippe~ to either of its sides.
~ 1~378ti 1 D_TAILED_DESCRIPTION_OF_T~E_PR_F_RRED_EMBODIM_NTS
The battery illustrated in Figure 1 is that commonly referred to as an automotive battery. The battery 10 has a container portion 12 with a lid or cover 14 which is normally heat sealed or glued to the container 12. Normally across the top or cover of the battery 14 a plurality of cell openings are located. As shown, two anti-spill devices 16 and 16a, as formed in gang vent style, are placed on top of the battery to effect anti-spill protection plus venting of the battery cells.
Since the embodiments of the invention are directed to the anti-spill features, it is understood that various types of venting devices may be incorporated in the anti-spill arrangement and thus the venting arrangement is not described in detail.
Figure 2 is a section through the anti-spill device 16 which is rectangular in shape to correspond with the overall shape of the battery. The anti-spill device 16 has four sidewalls 18, all of which are perpendicular to one another to define the rectangular shape. Internally of the anti-spill device 16, there is a base portion 20 having several compound surfaces which will be described with respect to Figures 6 and 7. In the base 20 of the device 16 there is provided three evenly spaced-apart baffle arrangements 22, 24, and 26. Each of the baffle arrangements is part of a plug device for causing electrolyte to condense out of the gases which emanate from the cell and to accomplish a return of such electrolyte to the cell, and thus each baffle arrangement is in communication with each cell. Each baffle arrangement 22 37~3~
1 through 26 has openings which will be described in more detail with respect to Figures 4 and 5, to provide the inlets for the chamber configurations generally designated 28, 30 and 32 which are in communication with the respective cell via the openings. Each chamber configuration is so arranged to contain electrolyte which flows outwardly of the cell opening, when a battery is tipped to its side, where the electrolyte is contained to a level so as to effectively cover each inlet opening of baffles 22, 24 and 26. In blocking each inlet opening and in view of this opening being the only opening for each cell, an airlock is formed whereby air is no longer permitted to enter the cell and thus electrolyte essentially no longer flows from the cell, unless undue pressure is exerted on the battery sidewalls. The configuration for each chamber is such that regardless to which side the battery is tipped, the contained level of electrolyte, which effectively blocks the inlet once equilibrium of the electrolyte levels is achieved, is always away from the outlet of the chamber configuration and thus confined from the area generally desigated 34 which leads to the venting device of the anti-spill device 16. The outlets for each chamber configuration are generally noted at 36, 38 and 40.
More particularly, each chamber configuration, according to this embodiment, consists of a chamber 42 which, as mentioned, has its inlet in communication with the battery cell. The chamber 42 has sidewalls 44, 46, 48 and 50. The outlet for the chamber 42 is at 52 and is located relative to the arrangement shown in the lower righthand corner of the chamber 42. In this embodiment, the opening ~1~37~6 1 52 is defined by the partition 50 being short of sidewall portion 44. Relative to the sidewalls 18 of the device 16, partition or sidewall portions 48 and 50 define a passageway generally designated 56 which, first of all, is in communication with the outlet 52 and runs parallel to sidewall 18a. From this point, it moves upwardly parallel to partition 48 of the chamber arrangement to its outlet at 36. Thus, the outlet of the passageway 56 is located in an area which, relative to the lower corner 52, is in the upper corner which is diagonally opposite outlet 52.
With this configuration shown in Figure 2, the chamber configuration is, therefore, such that regardless to which side the battery is tipped, electrolyte level as contained to essentially cover the chamber inlet means never reaches the outlet 36 of the chamber configuration. Alternative arrangements for chamber configurations will be appreciated and will be exemplified, for example, in an alternative embodiment of Figure 12.
It can be gathered from Figure 2, a compact arrangement is provided in forming the chamber configurations 28, 30 and 32. The sidewall 44 of configuration 28 provides a partition in forming the passageway 58 for configuration 30. Similarly, with configuration 32, passageway 60 is defined by sidewall 18a and common partition members 62, where the respective outlets 64 and 66 for each chamber 68 and 70 are provided.
Turning to Figure 3, aspects of the anti-spill device 16 are shown where the device may be formed from an injection molded plastic in two parts which are subsequently heat sealed together to provide a single unit. As ;37~6 1 illustrated, the device 16 has integrally molded and upstanding from the base 20, partitions 44, 46, 48 and 50 for each chamber configuration to define the chamber outlets and passageways as referred to in Figure 2. Upstanding from the base portion 20 are in addition fins 72, 74 in each chamber conriguration 28, 30 and 32. The sidewalls of the device 16 are stepped at 76 for purposes of heat sealing the bottom component to the upper component 78. The upper component 78 has projecting therefrom outline portions 44a, 46a, 48a and SOa which mate with partition portions 44, 46, 48 and 50 of the base portion of unit 16. Also~ upstanding from the upper unit 78 are sleeve portions 80 which overlap the baffle portions 82 in each cell opening baffle arrangement. In addition, upstanding from the upper parts 78 are fins 72a, and 74a which mate with the corresponding fins 72 and 74 in the base portion. At the lower area of the upper portion 78, there is provided a venting arrangement 84 for venting gases which emanate from each cell through the baffle arrangements 82 via passageways 56, 58 and 60 to the common venting area 34. Since as mentioned the particular venting device is not part of the invention, it will not be described in detail; however, as can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, various types of venting devices are available and as illustrated, a particular device may be of the porous ceramic disc type 86, which effects venting of the gases, and acts as a spark arrestor to prevent explosion of the battery should gases be ignited externally of the battery.
The sidewall portions 18b of upper unit 78 are also shaped to mate with the stepped portion 75. To heat seal ~3~7~6 1 the units together, they are placed on a platen where the material may be of a thermoplastic, such that when heated to its thermoplastic region, the units are placed together, and the softened plastics joined to form an integral unit.
Aside from this approach, the units may also be glued together with an appropriate adhesive to effect a bonding thereof in forming a single unit. Thus it is apparent that, with this particular embodiment of the invention, the anti-spill device is readily formed by use of injection molding techniques where the parts are heat sealed toyether. In addition due to the particular chamber configuration for the anti-spill feature, a very low profile may be maintained on the battery top to thus lessen the overall height profile of the battery having anti-spill feature compared to the prior art devices.
Referring more specifically to the baffling arrangements for each cell opening, reference is made to Figures 4 and 5. It is appreciated that various types of baffling arrangements may be used and that the embodiment of Figures 4 and 5 is only exemplary of various types. Figure 4 shows the upper part 78 and the base portion of the unit 16 heat sealed together where bonds are formed between partitions 44, 44a, 48 and 48a, and sidewalls 18 and 18b to isolate the chambers and to provide an airtight unit excepting for the chamber inlets and the vent opening. The relationship of the sleeve 80, as it overlaps the baffle arrangement 82, is shown. The baffle arrangement 82 is somewhat chimney shaped and is integrally formed with the base of unit 16. In the lower region of baffle 82, a plurality of openings 88 are provided which provide for ~3'~8t~
1 return of electrolyte to the battery cell and define the inlet means for the respective chamber of the anti-spill device. Gases emanating from the battery cell normally travel upwardly through baffle 82 and out its upper portion and into the area defined between the sleeve 80 and baffle 82.
The particular gas flow is demonstrated more clearly in Figure 5, where as shown, the gases travel upwardly through baffle 82 in the direction of arrow 90 and downwardly between the sleeve 80 and baffle 82 and then upwardly in the direction of arrows 92 and 94 into the chamber area 42. The gas then passes through chamber outlet 52 along passageway 56, out of its outlet 36 and into the venting region 34. The surfaces of the baffle arrangement 82 and sleeve 80 and other surrounding surfaces provide areas on which the gases may cool and thus entrained vaporous electrolyte condenses out. The surfaces are all sloped so as to direct condensed electrolyte downwardly to the openings 88, where it is apparent that each opening 88 digresses outwardly, as shown at 96. The purpose of this is to enhance the capillary attraction of droplets which rest on openings 88 and thus draw the liquid downwardly and return it to the corresponding cell.
With respect to tipping of the battery 21 on its sides and preventing of spilling of electrolyte, this will be described in more detail with respect to Figures 8 through 11. However, in order to gain a better understanding of the shape of the chamber configuration base portion, reference is made to Figure 6. The partition portions include sidewall 18, upper portion 46c, side portion 48c and base ~378~i 1 portion 50c, the outlet to the chamber 70 being provided at 66. The base portion 20 has several compound sloping surfaces. The most elevated part of the base 20 is in the venting area 34. Surface 98 slopes downwardly to surEace 100 which again slopes downwardly towards opening or outlet 66, where surfaces 98 and 100 define the base portion of passageway 60. At outlet 66, there is a further downwardly sloping surface 102 which leads to the opening 104 for return of electrolyte via openings 88. Also adjacent surface 102, is the additional surface 106 which again slopes downwardly from wall 46 towards the opening 104 for purposes of returning the electrolyte.
Further illustration of the sloping surfaces are shown in Figure 7, where it can be seen, according to arrows 108, 110 and 112, the direction of electrolyte travel on surfaces 98, 100 and 102 towards the opening 104. Similarly with any electrolyte lying on the surface 106, it is returned to the opening 104 in the direction of arrow 114. Thus, all surfaces are appropriately sloped to ensure that any electrolyte lying on the chamber configuration base is returned to the opening 104 when a battery is uprighted, or when electrolyte, which finds its way out of the opening 104 by way of battery vibration or condensation.
Turning to Figure 8, the battery 10 has been tipped to a first side, which would be one of its narrower sides. As shown in Figure 8, electrolyte flows through each of the openings 104 into the chamber area 70. The electrolyte rises in chamber area 70 to close off its outlet 66. At this point, air cannot enter into chamber 70, thus a closed system is established between the electrolyte in the battery 7~
1 cell and the chamber 70. An exchange of electrolyte continues in flowing from the cell into the chamber through the baffle openings, as electrolyte rises in chamber 70 to effectively block further exchange of air through the vent opening between chamber 70 and the cell.
The extent to which the electrolyte rises in passageway 60 is dependent upon the head of electrolyte from the opening 66 to the level of the electrolyte within the cell. As can be appreciated depending upon the location of the cell opening relative to the cell sidewalls and partitions, determines the head of electrolyte in the cell above its respective chamber opening, such as chamber opening 66. If there is very little head, the electrolyte in passageway 60 does not rise very far. For purposes of illustration and as established by experimentation, Figure 8 shows various levels of electrolyte in the respective passageways 56, 58 and 60. Obviously with the chamber 70 associated with a battery cell, the electrolyte has hardly risen at all in the passagway 60, which indicates that there is very little head of the electrolyte in the cell above the opening 66. However, with respect to the cells associated with chambers 42 and 68, it can be seen that the heads of those cells are consecutively higher. The difference in the heads from cell to cell may be dependent upon the quantity of electrolyte in each cell and the internal configuration of each cell and the internal pressure within the cell once static equilibrium has been achieved between the level of electrolyte in passageway 60 and the level of electrolyte within the battery cell. The static equilibrium is, of course, established by an 1 equilization oE the atmospheric pressure in passageway 60 plus the head of the electrolyte above the opening 66 with the internal pressure in the battery cell plus the head of cell electrolyte above the opening 66. Since the medium is battery acid which has a specific gravity slightly greater than one, the differences in head from cell to cell does not result in a very pronounced difference in levels in the passageways.
Similarly, with chambers 42 and 68, the electrolyte 116a and 116b has raised to the levels shown to close off openings 88 in each chamber and has risen in the respective passageways 56 and 58 to the extent shown for the above reasons. The chamber configuration is such that the electrolyte, which has risen in the passageways 56, 58 and 60, is confined from the respective outlets of the passageways 36, 38 and 40. Thus~ no electrolyte from any one of the cells finds its way to the venting region 34, whereby the passageways serve to hold any electrolyte which flows out of the chamber outlets. As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, flooding of the venting arrangement can be hazardous at times, particularly with sintered disc venting devices, because the electrolyte clogs the pore openings and can result in a hazardous venting conditions.
To accomplish this electrolyte containment with this particular chamber configuration for rectangular-shaped chambers, the opening 66 of each chamber is located in a region diagonally opposite to the opening or outlet for the passageway or the means external of the chamber for holding electrolyte which passes out of the chamber. The lower and upper corners of the venting device 16 are, of course, 3~786 1 defined relative to the rectangular battery for the particular side it is lying on.
With respect to Figure 9, the battery i5 tipped to a second side which is one of its longer sides. In this arrangement, each chamber 42, 68 and 70 contains electrolyte 116, 116a and 116b to the level shown to effectively block or cover the respective opening 104 for preventing additional air from the respective chamber entering the corresponding cell. The electrolyte, as it flows into each chamber 42, 68 and 70, passes out of the openings 52, 54 and 66 into the respective passageways 56, 58 and 60. As with the flow of electrolyte, described with respect to Figure 8, in Figure 9 the levels to which the electrolyte rises in passageways 56, 58 and 60 is dependent upon the head of the electrolyte in the respective cell relative to the chamber outlets 52, 64 and 66. It is important to note, however, that with respect to the level of electrolyte in passageway 58, it is lower than the level of electrolyte in passageways 56 and 60. This has been illustrated to demonstrate the aspect that a difference in volume of air in the cells, which may be due to a difference in the cell configuration results in different levels in the passageways. The lower electrolyte level may be the result of there being a lesser volume of air in that respective cell than in the other cells, where even though there is a higher head in that respective cell, the pressure within the cell is resultantly less. Thus the atmospheric pressure on the column of electrolyte in passageway 58 requires a smaller head of electrolyte in 58 to balance the internal presssure of the cell plus the head of the electrolyte within the cell above ~1~378~
1 the opening 64. Again in this embodiment, the electrolyte in each passageway is confined from its respective outlet 36, 38 and 40 and thus kept away from the venting area 34.
As a design consideration, it is appreciated that the length of each passageway 56, 58 and 60 must be such to accommodate the required column of electrolyte in the respective passageway which, when static equilibrium is reached, balances the cell internal pressure plus the head of cell electrolyte above the respective chamber outlet.
In Figure 10, the battery has been tipped to one of its shorter sides, namely a third side which is opposite the first side of the battery. For this configuration, the respective chambers 42, 68 and 70 have been filled with electrolyte 116, 116a, and 116b to the levels shown to effectively block the openings 88 from an electrolyte flow and air exchange sense. In view of the upstanding partitions 50, 50b and 50c, the contained electrolyte in each chamber 42, 68 and 70 does not reach the level of the respective chamber outlets 52, 64 and 66. Thus, the respective passageways for each chamber configuration does not hold any electrolyte and thereby the electrolyte is readily kept away from the venting area 34. As with the electrolyte levels of Figures 8 and 9, in Figure 10 once the level of electrolyte covers the baffle openings 88 of the chamber inlet, there will remain a head of electrolyte within the cell above the chamber inlet. Thus equilibrium must be reached within the respective chamber to compensate for this head. Interestingly enough, it has been found that due to the surface tension of the electrolyte, a bubble may form at the upper edge of the top opening of the chamber 1 inlet and result in the electrolyte not completely covering the inlet. The head of electrolyte within the cell is not sufficient to overcome the surface tension of this bubble and thus the levels as shown are achieved to effectively block further exchange of air between chamber and cell.
Similarly with Figure 11, the battery is tipped to its fourth side which is the longer side opposite the second side to again fill each of the chambers 42, 68 and 70 with the contained electrolyte 116, 116a and 116b to the levels shown to block the chamber inlets 88 and thus block further electrolyte flow and air exchange between each cell and respective chamber. Because the level of electrolyte in each chamber is below the level of the respective chamber outlets 52, 64 and 66, none of the electrolyte finds its way to the passageways and thus with this particular circumstance, again electrolyte is confined from the venting area 34.
As previously explained with respect to the embodiment of Figures 8 and 9, the extent or height of the passageways 56, 58 and 60 must be designed such to accommodate the anticipated head of electrolyte therein. However in view of the specific gravity of the electrolyte being slightly greater than one and thus requiring little head in the passageways to balance the head plus pressure within the cell, a relatively compact arrangement is provided. Even if the openings for the cells were located along and adjacent one side of the battery, such that when the battery is tipped to the side placing the cell openings lowermost and thus providing a head of electrolyte extending from the lower side of the cell to almost the top of the cell, it has 1 been found that a relatively modest column of electrolyte is required in the passageway in achieving equilibrium.
It can be appreciated with respect to the description of the sloping surfaces of Figures 6 and 7, that when the tipped battery is discovered, it can be righted by simply lifting it off its side and placing it on its base to thus cause the electrolyte to flow, as contained in each anti-spill device, back into the respective cell to restore each cell to its normal operating electrolyte level. This is a feature of the anti-spill device, since it assures that, should the battery be tipped several times to any one of its sides, each cell regains the electrolyte it lost while it was tipped and contained in the anti-spill devices.
An alternative embodiment for the invention is shown in Figure 12. According to this embodiment, the anti-spill device is in a gang vent style arrangement, where the unit is integrally molded with the cover of the battery. It should be mentioned, of course, that the anti-spill device 16 discussed with respect to Figures 1 through 11, may also be integrally molded with the cover should it be so desired. The base of the anti-spill device would be integrally molded with the cover and the cap portion 78 heat sealed to the cover to provide the completed unit.
It should also be mentioned that, with respect to the device 16 which has depending plug portions 89 which form part of the gang vent style, as shown in Figure 4, the exterior surface 87 of each plug portion 89 may be provided with a plurality of ribs generally designated 91 for purpose of sealing against the sidewall 93 which defines each battery cell opening. These ribs 91 provide an airtight 37~6 1 seal for each battery cell to ensure that openings 82 and 88 are the only openings for the particular cell. The ribs also assist in accommodating slight variations in the center to center dimensions for the cell openings, as the gang vent plugs are forced into the openings.
The anti-spill device 120 of Figure 12 comprises for each cell an opening 122, defined in the chamber 124, which communicates with a chamber configuration of three levels.
As shown, the first chamber 124 is located on the lower level which has an inlet namely opening 122. The chamber 124 is defined by sidewalls 126, 128, 128a and an upper partition or top portion 130. The lower chamber 124 communicates with a second chamber shown more completely at 126 via an opening shown at 132 in the partition 130. The chamber 126 is defined by opposing walls 134 and opposing walls 136. An outlet at 138 is defined in partition 140 for the second chamber 126. The upper or third chamber 142 is defined by opposing sidewalls 144 and opposing sidewalls 146. Thus chambers 124, 126 and 142, as located one above the other are in communication with one another via openings 132 and 138. Located in the cover portion 148 for the venting device are a plurality of spaced apart slits 150.
These slits are approximately two to five thousands of an inch in width and have been found to provide a venting of gases generated within the battery to atmosphere, while precluding any flame, which may be caused by ignition of the gases outside of the slits, from entering the chambers and causing battery explosion. Thus, the slits provide a form of anti-explosive venting device for batteries.
Thus a chamber configuration is provided where ~1~3786 1 chambers 124, 126 and 142, as in communication with one another, are so arranged to prevent electrolyte finding its way to the venting slits 150 regardless to which side the battery is tipped. This is accomplished by locating the opening 138 in a corner region relative to the corner regions of a rectangular battery, which is to one side of opening 122 and above opening 122 which is opposite opening 132. It is appreciated that, should the chamber configuration be circular, again the outlet for the lower circular chamber may be located to one side and below the opening 122 and the outlet for the holding means exterior of this chamber may be in a corner region above and off to the other side of the opening 122.
Turning to Figure 13, the venting device 120 is integrally molded with the cover 152 of the battery 154.
The respective chambers 124, 126 and 140 are shown one above the other with the partitions 130 and 140 separating the respective chambers. The battery cover is heat sealed to the container 154, where the first chamber 124 is in communication with the battery cell 156 via the baffle arrangement 158 which is the same as the baffle arrrangement discussed witi- respect to the first embodiment.
To demonstrate the operation of the second embodiment in containing electrolyte, should the battery be tipped to any one of its sides, reference is made to Figures 14 through 17. In Figure 14, the battery has been tipped to one of its shorter sides or end which places chamber 124 outlet above its opening 122. Thus, the lower chamber 124 fills with electrolyte 160 to the level shown so as to effectively cover the inlet 122 and prevent further air from ~3~7~6 1 entering the cell, thus once static equilibrium is reached Eurther electrolyte does not leave the cell. Since the opening 132 is located in the upper region of chamber 124 above the opening 122, electrolyte does not flow into the outer chamber 126. Electrolyte is, therefore, contained in chamber 124 and is confined from the venting slits in the outer cover 148. Similarly in the other chamber shown, the electrolyte 160 achieves the level to block the respective openings 122.
However, in tilting the battery to the opposite end, the inner chamber 124 has its opening 132 located in the lower region as shown. Electrolyte flows from the inner chamber 124 out of its outlet 132 into the second chamber 126. AS with the embodiment of Figure 8, electrolyte rises within chamber 124 to cover the opening and thus provide the airlock which, once static equilibrium is achieved, stops further flow of electrolyte from the cell. The level to which the electrolyte rises in the second chamber 126 is dependent upon the head of electrolyte within the cell and the cell internal pressure. Thus representative levels within the second chamber 126 are shown in Figure 15 for the various cells. With this arrangement, the second chamber 126 prevents electrolyte from achieving the level of its opening 138, which is in communication with the outer chamber, thereby keeping the electrolyte away from the venting slit devices 152.
Figure 16 shows the filling of the chambers when the battery is tipped to one of its longer sides. With the position shown, the outlet 132 for the inner chamber 124 is located in the lower lefthand corner. Thus, once 1 equilibrium is achieved, electrolyte 154 has risen in the outer chamber 126 to the level shown. The same situation occurs with the remaining cells. The electrolyte level 160a, as shown in the battery cell, is appreciably above the outlet 122. However, due to the configuration for the chamber arrangement, its communication with the electrolyte cell and the provision of the outer chamber 126, when equilibrium is established between the chamber and the cell, the level of electrolyte required in the outer chamber, in combination with the atmospheric pressure, balances the head of electrolyte in the cell in combination with the air pressure interior of the cell.
With the arrangement shown in Figure 17, the battery is tipped to its other side, where the outlet 132 for the inner chamber 124 is in the upper region located above opening 122. Thus~ electrolyte fills chambers 124 to the extent that it covers the opening 122 to form the necessary air lock and stop continued electrolyte 160a flowing from the respective cell.
In view of the description of the various preferred embodiments of the invention, it can be appreciated that the anti-spill device may be used on a battery in several different ways. The anti-spill device may be an integral unit for each cell opening; it may be in a gang vent style or it may be integrally molded with the cover to serve all cells of each battery. The arrangement for the chamber configurations, which provides the anti-spill feature, has a very low profile especially for the device of Figure 1. The anti-spill devices work on the basis of providing a level of electrolyte which covers each cell opening to prevent ~3786 1 further flow of electrolyte from the cell by not letting any further air into the cell and thus give the compact arrangement for containing the electrolyte.
Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described herein in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that variations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.
BACKGROUND_ F_THE_IN_EN_IO_ Various approaches have been taken in the past to deal with the problem of electrolyte spilling or leaking from a battery when it is tipped to any one of its sides or completely turned over. For example, a particular arrangement is disclosed in Canadian patent 682,389, where a device is located in each electrolyte cell opening which is arranged to preclude liquid electrolyte from flowing out of the cell. This is accomplished by the use of a baffle device which is made of hydrophobic plastic resilient material and spaced from the sidewalls of the opening by no more than .3 millimeters. Thus, the baffle device, in view of its hydrophobic nature and the surface tension of the electrolyte, blocks outward flow of electrolyte, yet permits the escape of gases from the battery cell when the battery is upright. Such device is somewhat complex in nature, difficult to manufacture and keep in place in the battery and increases the overall height profile of the battery.
Another arrangement is disclosed in united States patent 2,620,3~0, where interior of the battery a sufficiently large enclosure is provided above the plates, such that when the battery is tipped to any one of its sides, the electrolyte does not rise to a level over the length of cell and enclosure to reach the opening for the cell vent. This arrangement, however, substantially 1 increases the overall height profile of the battery.
United States patent 3,597,280 discloses a type of multiple vent plug assembly which provides for a plurality of enclosures in communication with one another and in communication with cells of a liquid electrolyte battery.
When t~he battery is tipped to any one of its sides, the enclosures serve to contain electrolyte to a level such that the vent openings are filled with electrolyte and, due to the narrow constricting shape of the vent openings, offer obstruction to the discharge of electrolyte from the cells where the leaked electrolyte is accumulated in the enclosures. This type of arrangement may be acceptable in situations where the battery is tilted to its side and not subjected to vibration or other forms of movement, since the liquid will readily drip from the vent opening should the battery be moved about or vibrated while on its side. Thus the system of united States patent 3,597,280 does not provide a complete anti-spill device for batteries.
Aside from the above arrangements, far more complex arrangements are known which are used on aircraft battery and the like which, not only deal with the problem of electrolyte flowing from the cell when tipped to any one of its sides, but also maintains a battery in operation when completely inverted.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide an anti-spill device for a liquid electrolyte battery which is relatively inexpensive to manufacture, may provide a low overall height profile for the battery and is operable to contain electrolyte and prevent spillage thereof, when a battery is tipped toward or onto any one of 1 its sides. This is most useful in batteries, such as car or motorcycle batteries, where during the handling thereof there may be an accidental tipping of the battery to any one of its sides. It may also be necessary that spillage be prevented for extended periods as the tipped battery has gone unnoticed. A further consideration is that, when the battery is in use, vehicles may be operated on such steep inclines that the battery requires an anti-spill device to prevent electrolyte loss while it is tilted. In righting the battery, a feature of the invention is that it may be adapted to return contained electrolyte to the battery cell from which it came to thereby restore it to its normal operating level.
SUMMARY_OF THE_INVENTION
The anti-spill device, according to the invention, for use with a liquid electrolyte battery cell or its opening, comprises a chamber configuration or arrangement associated with a battery cell. The chamber configuration contains electrolyte when a battery is tipped toward or onto any one of its sides and has an inlet in communication with an associated battery cell and an outlet in communication with a vent to atmosphere. The chamber configuration is such that regardless to which side a battery, having said device, is tipped, electrolyte flows from the associated battery cell into the chamber configuration to a level relative to the inlet to cause a stoppage of electrolyte flow from the cell. The chamber configuration is such to ensure that the contained level of electrolyte remains spaced from the outlet of the configuration and thus away from the vent to atmosphere.
1 The chamber configuration may be in the form of a chamber having its inlet in communication with a respective cell. Each chamber has an outlet off to one side of and below the inlet. Means is provided for containing or holcing electrolyte and is associated with the chamber outlet. The holding means has its outlet in communication with the vent means. The arrangement is such that the holding means is of sufficient volume to retain the amount of electrolyte which is displaced into it when equilibrium is achieved between levels of electrolyte in the cells and respective holding means. This may require that a portion of the holding means be above the chamber inlet regardless to which side a battery is tipped. The arrangement accomplishes the desired effect of confining electrolyte from the vent when the battery is tipped to any one of its sides.
The chamber configuration may be so arranged, or have its surfaces sloped, such that when the battery is righted, ti~e contained electrolyte is returned to the respective cell, so as to restore each cell of an electrolyte battery to its normal operating electrolyte level.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
_________________________________ Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a rectangular-shaped liquid electrolyte battery having the anti-spill devices located thereon;
Figure 2 is a section of an anti-spill device according to this invention;
Figure 3 is an exploded view showing the injection 1~3786 1 molded components of the anti-spill device which are to be heat sealed together to form a single unit;
Figure 4 shows an embodiment of electrolyte return baffle arrangement for a cell opening;
Figure 5 is the same section as in Figure 4 showing the unit in association with a battery cell;
Figure 6 is a view of a portion of the anti-spill device showing the sloped surfaces to accomplish electrolyte return;
Figure 7 shows in further detail the compound surfaces which provide electrolyte return for each anti-spill device;
Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11 show levels of contained electrolyte in each of the anti-spill chambers for tipping of the battery to each of its four sides;
Figure 12 shows another embodiment of the invention arranged in gang vent style to be used with a battery having six cell openings, portions of the unit being cut away to illustrate various aspects of the embodiment;
Figure 13 is a section through a portion of the anti-spill device of Figure 12, as associated with a battery cover which has been integrally molded therewith;
Figure 14 is a top view of a portion of the upper region of the anti-spill device of Figure 12;
Figure 15 is a section through the anti-spill device of Figure 12 and associated battery cells to illustrate levels of liquid electrolyte contained when the battery is tipped to one of its sides; and Figures 16 and 17 are views demonstrating the levels of electrolyte in the anti-spill device when the battery is tippe~ to either of its sides.
~ 1~378ti 1 D_TAILED_DESCRIPTION_OF_T~E_PR_F_RRED_EMBODIM_NTS
The battery illustrated in Figure 1 is that commonly referred to as an automotive battery. The battery 10 has a container portion 12 with a lid or cover 14 which is normally heat sealed or glued to the container 12. Normally across the top or cover of the battery 14 a plurality of cell openings are located. As shown, two anti-spill devices 16 and 16a, as formed in gang vent style, are placed on top of the battery to effect anti-spill protection plus venting of the battery cells.
Since the embodiments of the invention are directed to the anti-spill features, it is understood that various types of venting devices may be incorporated in the anti-spill arrangement and thus the venting arrangement is not described in detail.
Figure 2 is a section through the anti-spill device 16 which is rectangular in shape to correspond with the overall shape of the battery. The anti-spill device 16 has four sidewalls 18, all of which are perpendicular to one another to define the rectangular shape. Internally of the anti-spill device 16, there is a base portion 20 having several compound surfaces which will be described with respect to Figures 6 and 7. In the base 20 of the device 16 there is provided three evenly spaced-apart baffle arrangements 22, 24, and 26. Each of the baffle arrangements is part of a plug device for causing electrolyte to condense out of the gases which emanate from the cell and to accomplish a return of such electrolyte to the cell, and thus each baffle arrangement is in communication with each cell. Each baffle arrangement 22 37~3~
1 through 26 has openings which will be described in more detail with respect to Figures 4 and 5, to provide the inlets for the chamber configurations generally designated 28, 30 and 32 which are in communication with the respective cell via the openings. Each chamber configuration is so arranged to contain electrolyte which flows outwardly of the cell opening, when a battery is tipped to its side, where the electrolyte is contained to a level so as to effectively cover each inlet opening of baffles 22, 24 and 26. In blocking each inlet opening and in view of this opening being the only opening for each cell, an airlock is formed whereby air is no longer permitted to enter the cell and thus electrolyte essentially no longer flows from the cell, unless undue pressure is exerted on the battery sidewalls. The configuration for each chamber is such that regardless to which side the battery is tipped, the contained level of electrolyte, which effectively blocks the inlet once equilibrium of the electrolyte levels is achieved, is always away from the outlet of the chamber configuration and thus confined from the area generally desigated 34 which leads to the venting device of the anti-spill device 16. The outlets for each chamber configuration are generally noted at 36, 38 and 40.
More particularly, each chamber configuration, according to this embodiment, consists of a chamber 42 which, as mentioned, has its inlet in communication with the battery cell. The chamber 42 has sidewalls 44, 46, 48 and 50. The outlet for the chamber 42 is at 52 and is located relative to the arrangement shown in the lower righthand corner of the chamber 42. In this embodiment, the opening ~1~37~6 1 52 is defined by the partition 50 being short of sidewall portion 44. Relative to the sidewalls 18 of the device 16, partition or sidewall portions 48 and 50 define a passageway generally designated 56 which, first of all, is in communication with the outlet 52 and runs parallel to sidewall 18a. From this point, it moves upwardly parallel to partition 48 of the chamber arrangement to its outlet at 36. Thus, the outlet of the passageway 56 is located in an area which, relative to the lower corner 52, is in the upper corner which is diagonally opposite outlet 52.
With this configuration shown in Figure 2, the chamber configuration is, therefore, such that regardless to which side the battery is tipped, electrolyte level as contained to essentially cover the chamber inlet means never reaches the outlet 36 of the chamber configuration. Alternative arrangements for chamber configurations will be appreciated and will be exemplified, for example, in an alternative embodiment of Figure 12.
It can be gathered from Figure 2, a compact arrangement is provided in forming the chamber configurations 28, 30 and 32. The sidewall 44 of configuration 28 provides a partition in forming the passageway 58 for configuration 30. Similarly, with configuration 32, passageway 60 is defined by sidewall 18a and common partition members 62, where the respective outlets 64 and 66 for each chamber 68 and 70 are provided.
Turning to Figure 3, aspects of the anti-spill device 16 are shown where the device may be formed from an injection molded plastic in two parts which are subsequently heat sealed together to provide a single unit. As ;37~6 1 illustrated, the device 16 has integrally molded and upstanding from the base 20, partitions 44, 46, 48 and 50 for each chamber configuration to define the chamber outlets and passageways as referred to in Figure 2. Upstanding from the base portion 20 are in addition fins 72, 74 in each chamber conriguration 28, 30 and 32. The sidewalls of the device 16 are stepped at 76 for purposes of heat sealing the bottom component to the upper component 78. The upper component 78 has projecting therefrom outline portions 44a, 46a, 48a and SOa which mate with partition portions 44, 46, 48 and 50 of the base portion of unit 16. Also~ upstanding from the upper unit 78 are sleeve portions 80 which overlap the baffle portions 82 in each cell opening baffle arrangement. In addition, upstanding from the upper parts 78 are fins 72a, and 74a which mate with the corresponding fins 72 and 74 in the base portion. At the lower area of the upper portion 78, there is provided a venting arrangement 84 for venting gases which emanate from each cell through the baffle arrangements 82 via passageways 56, 58 and 60 to the common venting area 34. Since as mentioned the particular venting device is not part of the invention, it will not be described in detail; however, as can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, various types of venting devices are available and as illustrated, a particular device may be of the porous ceramic disc type 86, which effects venting of the gases, and acts as a spark arrestor to prevent explosion of the battery should gases be ignited externally of the battery.
The sidewall portions 18b of upper unit 78 are also shaped to mate with the stepped portion 75. To heat seal ~3~7~6 1 the units together, they are placed on a platen where the material may be of a thermoplastic, such that when heated to its thermoplastic region, the units are placed together, and the softened plastics joined to form an integral unit.
Aside from this approach, the units may also be glued together with an appropriate adhesive to effect a bonding thereof in forming a single unit. Thus it is apparent that, with this particular embodiment of the invention, the anti-spill device is readily formed by use of injection molding techniques where the parts are heat sealed toyether. In addition due to the particular chamber configuration for the anti-spill feature, a very low profile may be maintained on the battery top to thus lessen the overall height profile of the battery having anti-spill feature compared to the prior art devices.
Referring more specifically to the baffling arrangements for each cell opening, reference is made to Figures 4 and 5. It is appreciated that various types of baffling arrangements may be used and that the embodiment of Figures 4 and 5 is only exemplary of various types. Figure 4 shows the upper part 78 and the base portion of the unit 16 heat sealed together where bonds are formed between partitions 44, 44a, 48 and 48a, and sidewalls 18 and 18b to isolate the chambers and to provide an airtight unit excepting for the chamber inlets and the vent opening. The relationship of the sleeve 80, as it overlaps the baffle arrangement 82, is shown. The baffle arrangement 82 is somewhat chimney shaped and is integrally formed with the base of unit 16. In the lower region of baffle 82, a plurality of openings 88 are provided which provide for ~3'~8t~
1 return of electrolyte to the battery cell and define the inlet means for the respective chamber of the anti-spill device. Gases emanating from the battery cell normally travel upwardly through baffle 82 and out its upper portion and into the area defined between the sleeve 80 and baffle 82.
The particular gas flow is demonstrated more clearly in Figure 5, where as shown, the gases travel upwardly through baffle 82 in the direction of arrow 90 and downwardly between the sleeve 80 and baffle 82 and then upwardly in the direction of arrows 92 and 94 into the chamber area 42. The gas then passes through chamber outlet 52 along passageway 56, out of its outlet 36 and into the venting region 34. The surfaces of the baffle arrangement 82 and sleeve 80 and other surrounding surfaces provide areas on which the gases may cool and thus entrained vaporous electrolyte condenses out. The surfaces are all sloped so as to direct condensed electrolyte downwardly to the openings 88, where it is apparent that each opening 88 digresses outwardly, as shown at 96. The purpose of this is to enhance the capillary attraction of droplets which rest on openings 88 and thus draw the liquid downwardly and return it to the corresponding cell.
With respect to tipping of the battery 21 on its sides and preventing of spilling of electrolyte, this will be described in more detail with respect to Figures 8 through 11. However, in order to gain a better understanding of the shape of the chamber configuration base portion, reference is made to Figure 6. The partition portions include sidewall 18, upper portion 46c, side portion 48c and base ~378~i 1 portion 50c, the outlet to the chamber 70 being provided at 66. The base portion 20 has several compound sloping surfaces. The most elevated part of the base 20 is in the venting area 34. Surface 98 slopes downwardly to surEace 100 which again slopes downwardly towards opening or outlet 66, where surfaces 98 and 100 define the base portion of passageway 60. At outlet 66, there is a further downwardly sloping surface 102 which leads to the opening 104 for return of electrolyte via openings 88. Also adjacent surface 102, is the additional surface 106 which again slopes downwardly from wall 46 towards the opening 104 for purposes of returning the electrolyte.
Further illustration of the sloping surfaces are shown in Figure 7, where it can be seen, according to arrows 108, 110 and 112, the direction of electrolyte travel on surfaces 98, 100 and 102 towards the opening 104. Similarly with any electrolyte lying on the surface 106, it is returned to the opening 104 in the direction of arrow 114. Thus, all surfaces are appropriately sloped to ensure that any electrolyte lying on the chamber configuration base is returned to the opening 104 when a battery is uprighted, or when electrolyte, which finds its way out of the opening 104 by way of battery vibration or condensation.
Turning to Figure 8, the battery 10 has been tipped to a first side, which would be one of its narrower sides. As shown in Figure 8, electrolyte flows through each of the openings 104 into the chamber area 70. The electrolyte rises in chamber area 70 to close off its outlet 66. At this point, air cannot enter into chamber 70, thus a closed system is established between the electrolyte in the battery 7~
1 cell and the chamber 70. An exchange of electrolyte continues in flowing from the cell into the chamber through the baffle openings, as electrolyte rises in chamber 70 to effectively block further exchange of air through the vent opening between chamber 70 and the cell.
The extent to which the electrolyte rises in passageway 60 is dependent upon the head of electrolyte from the opening 66 to the level of the electrolyte within the cell. As can be appreciated depending upon the location of the cell opening relative to the cell sidewalls and partitions, determines the head of electrolyte in the cell above its respective chamber opening, such as chamber opening 66. If there is very little head, the electrolyte in passageway 60 does not rise very far. For purposes of illustration and as established by experimentation, Figure 8 shows various levels of electrolyte in the respective passageways 56, 58 and 60. Obviously with the chamber 70 associated with a battery cell, the electrolyte has hardly risen at all in the passagway 60, which indicates that there is very little head of the electrolyte in the cell above the opening 66. However, with respect to the cells associated with chambers 42 and 68, it can be seen that the heads of those cells are consecutively higher. The difference in the heads from cell to cell may be dependent upon the quantity of electrolyte in each cell and the internal configuration of each cell and the internal pressure within the cell once static equilibrium has been achieved between the level of electrolyte in passageway 60 and the level of electrolyte within the battery cell. The static equilibrium is, of course, established by an 1 equilization oE the atmospheric pressure in passageway 60 plus the head of the electrolyte above the opening 66 with the internal pressure in the battery cell plus the head of cell electrolyte above the opening 66. Since the medium is battery acid which has a specific gravity slightly greater than one, the differences in head from cell to cell does not result in a very pronounced difference in levels in the passageways.
Similarly, with chambers 42 and 68, the electrolyte 116a and 116b has raised to the levels shown to close off openings 88 in each chamber and has risen in the respective passageways 56 and 58 to the extent shown for the above reasons. The chamber configuration is such that the electrolyte, which has risen in the passageways 56, 58 and 60, is confined from the respective outlets of the passageways 36, 38 and 40. Thus~ no electrolyte from any one of the cells finds its way to the venting region 34, whereby the passageways serve to hold any electrolyte which flows out of the chamber outlets. As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, flooding of the venting arrangement can be hazardous at times, particularly with sintered disc venting devices, because the electrolyte clogs the pore openings and can result in a hazardous venting conditions.
To accomplish this electrolyte containment with this particular chamber configuration for rectangular-shaped chambers, the opening 66 of each chamber is located in a region diagonally opposite to the opening or outlet for the passageway or the means external of the chamber for holding electrolyte which passes out of the chamber. The lower and upper corners of the venting device 16 are, of course, 3~786 1 defined relative to the rectangular battery for the particular side it is lying on.
With respect to Figure 9, the battery i5 tipped to a second side which is one of its longer sides. In this arrangement, each chamber 42, 68 and 70 contains electrolyte 116, 116a and 116b to the level shown to effectively block or cover the respective opening 104 for preventing additional air from the respective chamber entering the corresponding cell. The electrolyte, as it flows into each chamber 42, 68 and 70, passes out of the openings 52, 54 and 66 into the respective passageways 56, 58 and 60. As with the flow of electrolyte, described with respect to Figure 8, in Figure 9 the levels to which the electrolyte rises in passageways 56, 58 and 60 is dependent upon the head of the electrolyte in the respective cell relative to the chamber outlets 52, 64 and 66. It is important to note, however, that with respect to the level of electrolyte in passageway 58, it is lower than the level of electrolyte in passageways 56 and 60. This has been illustrated to demonstrate the aspect that a difference in volume of air in the cells, which may be due to a difference in the cell configuration results in different levels in the passageways. The lower electrolyte level may be the result of there being a lesser volume of air in that respective cell than in the other cells, where even though there is a higher head in that respective cell, the pressure within the cell is resultantly less. Thus the atmospheric pressure on the column of electrolyte in passageway 58 requires a smaller head of electrolyte in 58 to balance the internal presssure of the cell plus the head of the electrolyte within the cell above ~1~378~
1 the opening 64. Again in this embodiment, the electrolyte in each passageway is confined from its respective outlet 36, 38 and 40 and thus kept away from the venting area 34.
As a design consideration, it is appreciated that the length of each passageway 56, 58 and 60 must be such to accommodate the required column of electrolyte in the respective passageway which, when static equilibrium is reached, balances the cell internal pressure plus the head of cell electrolyte above the respective chamber outlet.
In Figure 10, the battery has been tipped to one of its shorter sides, namely a third side which is opposite the first side of the battery. For this configuration, the respective chambers 42, 68 and 70 have been filled with electrolyte 116, 116a, and 116b to the levels shown to effectively block the openings 88 from an electrolyte flow and air exchange sense. In view of the upstanding partitions 50, 50b and 50c, the contained electrolyte in each chamber 42, 68 and 70 does not reach the level of the respective chamber outlets 52, 64 and 66. Thus, the respective passageways for each chamber configuration does not hold any electrolyte and thereby the electrolyte is readily kept away from the venting area 34. As with the electrolyte levels of Figures 8 and 9, in Figure 10 once the level of electrolyte covers the baffle openings 88 of the chamber inlet, there will remain a head of electrolyte within the cell above the chamber inlet. Thus equilibrium must be reached within the respective chamber to compensate for this head. Interestingly enough, it has been found that due to the surface tension of the electrolyte, a bubble may form at the upper edge of the top opening of the chamber 1 inlet and result in the electrolyte not completely covering the inlet. The head of electrolyte within the cell is not sufficient to overcome the surface tension of this bubble and thus the levels as shown are achieved to effectively block further exchange of air between chamber and cell.
Similarly with Figure 11, the battery is tipped to its fourth side which is the longer side opposite the second side to again fill each of the chambers 42, 68 and 70 with the contained electrolyte 116, 116a and 116b to the levels shown to block the chamber inlets 88 and thus block further electrolyte flow and air exchange between each cell and respective chamber. Because the level of electrolyte in each chamber is below the level of the respective chamber outlets 52, 64 and 66, none of the electrolyte finds its way to the passageways and thus with this particular circumstance, again electrolyte is confined from the venting area 34.
As previously explained with respect to the embodiment of Figures 8 and 9, the extent or height of the passageways 56, 58 and 60 must be designed such to accommodate the anticipated head of electrolyte therein. However in view of the specific gravity of the electrolyte being slightly greater than one and thus requiring little head in the passageways to balance the head plus pressure within the cell, a relatively compact arrangement is provided. Even if the openings for the cells were located along and adjacent one side of the battery, such that when the battery is tipped to the side placing the cell openings lowermost and thus providing a head of electrolyte extending from the lower side of the cell to almost the top of the cell, it has 1 been found that a relatively modest column of electrolyte is required in the passageway in achieving equilibrium.
It can be appreciated with respect to the description of the sloping surfaces of Figures 6 and 7, that when the tipped battery is discovered, it can be righted by simply lifting it off its side and placing it on its base to thus cause the electrolyte to flow, as contained in each anti-spill device, back into the respective cell to restore each cell to its normal operating electrolyte level. This is a feature of the anti-spill device, since it assures that, should the battery be tipped several times to any one of its sides, each cell regains the electrolyte it lost while it was tipped and contained in the anti-spill devices.
An alternative embodiment for the invention is shown in Figure 12. According to this embodiment, the anti-spill device is in a gang vent style arrangement, where the unit is integrally molded with the cover of the battery. It should be mentioned, of course, that the anti-spill device 16 discussed with respect to Figures 1 through 11, may also be integrally molded with the cover should it be so desired. The base of the anti-spill device would be integrally molded with the cover and the cap portion 78 heat sealed to the cover to provide the completed unit.
It should also be mentioned that, with respect to the device 16 which has depending plug portions 89 which form part of the gang vent style, as shown in Figure 4, the exterior surface 87 of each plug portion 89 may be provided with a plurality of ribs generally designated 91 for purpose of sealing against the sidewall 93 which defines each battery cell opening. These ribs 91 provide an airtight 37~6 1 seal for each battery cell to ensure that openings 82 and 88 are the only openings for the particular cell. The ribs also assist in accommodating slight variations in the center to center dimensions for the cell openings, as the gang vent plugs are forced into the openings.
The anti-spill device 120 of Figure 12 comprises for each cell an opening 122, defined in the chamber 124, which communicates with a chamber configuration of three levels.
As shown, the first chamber 124 is located on the lower level which has an inlet namely opening 122. The chamber 124 is defined by sidewalls 126, 128, 128a and an upper partition or top portion 130. The lower chamber 124 communicates with a second chamber shown more completely at 126 via an opening shown at 132 in the partition 130. The chamber 126 is defined by opposing walls 134 and opposing walls 136. An outlet at 138 is defined in partition 140 for the second chamber 126. The upper or third chamber 142 is defined by opposing sidewalls 144 and opposing sidewalls 146. Thus chambers 124, 126 and 142, as located one above the other are in communication with one another via openings 132 and 138. Located in the cover portion 148 for the venting device are a plurality of spaced apart slits 150.
These slits are approximately two to five thousands of an inch in width and have been found to provide a venting of gases generated within the battery to atmosphere, while precluding any flame, which may be caused by ignition of the gases outside of the slits, from entering the chambers and causing battery explosion. Thus, the slits provide a form of anti-explosive venting device for batteries.
Thus a chamber configuration is provided where ~1~3786 1 chambers 124, 126 and 142, as in communication with one another, are so arranged to prevent electrolyte finding its way to the venting slits 150 regardless to which side the battery is tipped. This is accomplished by locating the opening 138 in a corner region relative to the corner regions of a rectangular battery, which is to one side of opening 122 and above opening 122 which is opposite opening 132. It is appreciated that, should the chamber configuration be circular, again the outlet for the lower circular chamber may be located to one side and below the opening 122 and the outlet for the holding means exterior of this chamber may be in a corner region above and off to the other side of the opening 122.
Turning to Figure 13, the venting device 120 is integrally molded with the cover 152 of the battery 154.
The respective chambers 124, 126 and 140 are shown one above the other with the partitions 130 and 140 separating the respective chambers. The battery cover is heat sealed to the container 154, where the first chamber 124 is in communication with the battery cell 156 via the baffle arrangement 158 which is the same as the baffle arrrangement discussed witi- respect to the first embodiment.
To demonstrate the operation of the second embodiment in containing electrolyte, should the battery be tipped to any one of its sides, reference is made to Figures 14 through 17. In Figure 14, the battery has been tipped to one of its shorter sides or end which places chamber 124 outlet above its opening 122. Thus, the lower chamber 124 fills with electrolyte 160 to the level shown so as to effectively cover the inlet 122 and prevent further air from ~3~7~6 1 entering the cell, thus once static equilibrium is reached Eurther electrolyte does not leave the cell. Since the opening 132 is located in the upper region of chamber 124 above the opening 122, electrolyte does not flow into the outer chamber 126. Electrolyte is, therefore, contained in chamber 124 and is confined from the venting slits in the outer cover 148. Similarly in the other chamber shown, the electrolyte 160 achieves the level to block the respective openings 122.
However, in tilting the battery to the opposite end, the inner chamber 124 has its opening 132 located in the lower region as shown. Electrolyte flows from the inner chamber 124 out of its outlet 132 into the second chamber 126. AS with the embodiment of Figure 8, electrolyte rises within chamber 124 to cover the opening and thus provide the airlock which, once static equilibrium is achieved, stops further flow of electrolyte from the cell. The level to which the electrolyte rises in the second chamber 126 is dependent upon the head of electrolyte within the cell and the cell internal pressure. Thus representative levels within the second chamber 126 are shown in Figure 15 for the various cells. With this arrangement, the second chamber 126 prevents electrolyte from achieving the level of its opening 138, which is in communication with the outer chamber, thereby keeping the electrolyte away from the venting slit devices 152.
Figure 16 shows the filling of the chambers when the battery is tipped to one of its longer sides. With the position shown, the outlet 132 for the inner chamber 124 is located in the lower lefthand corner. Thus, once 1 equilibrium is achieved, electrolyte 154 has risen in the outer chamber 126 to the level shown. The same situation occurs with the remaining cells. The electrolyte level 160a, as shown in the battery cell, is appreciably above the outlet 122. However, due to the configuration for the chamber arrangement, its communication with the electrolyte cell and the provision of the outer chamber 126, when equilibrium is established between the chamber and the cell, the level of electrolyte required in the outer chamber, in combination with the atmospheric pressure, balances the head of electrolyte in the cell in combination with the air pressure interior of the cell.
With the arrangement shown in Figure 17, the battery is tipped to its other side, where the outlet 132 for the inner chamber 124 is in the upper region located above opening 122. Thus~ electrolyte fills chambers 124 to the extent that it covers the opening 122 to form the necessary air lock and stop continued electrolyte 160a flowing from the respective cell.
In view of the description of the various preferred embodiments of the invention, it can be appreciated that the anti-spill device may be used on a battery in several different ways. The anti-spill device may be an integral unit for each cell opening; it may be in a gang vent style or it may be integrally molded with the cover to serve all cells of each battery. The arrangement for the chamber configurations, which provides the anti-spill feature, has a very low profile especially for the device of Figure 1. The anti-spill devices work on the basis of providing a level of electrolyte which covers each cell opening to prevent ~3786 1 further flow of electrolyte from the cell by not letting any further air into the cell and thus give the compact arrangement for containing the electrolyte.
Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described herein in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that variations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (35)
PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An anti-spill device for a liquid electrolyte battery cell, said device comprising a chamber configuration associated with a battery cell for containing electrolyte when a battery is tipped toward or onto any one of its sides, said chamber configuration having an inlet in communication with an associated battery cell and an outlet in communication with a vent to atmosphere, said chamber configuration being such that regardless to which side a battery having said device is tipped, electrolyte flows from the associated battery cell through said inlet into said chamber configuration and rises to a level relative to the chamber configuration inlet to cause a stoppage of electrolyte flowing from the cell where said contained level of electrolyte remains spaced from said chamber outlet and within said chamber configuration.
2. An anti-spill device of claim 1, wherein said device is integrally molded with the cover for a liquid electrolyte battery, said device being provided for each cell of the battery.
3. An anti-spill device of claim 1, wherein said device is a unit adapted for removable securement on a cell opening of a liquid electrolyte battery.
4. An anti-spill device of claim 3, wherein said device is provided in multiples in the form of a gang vent arrangement for locating the devices of the gang vent on the respective battery cell openings.
5. An anti-spill device of claim 1, wherein said chamber configuration is in a single level.
6. An anti-spill device of claim 1, wherein said chamber configuration is in at least two levels, said chamber inlet being in a first level, said outlet being in a level remote from said first level and all intermediate levels of the chamber configuration being in communication with one another.
7. An anti-spill device of claim 1, wherein said chamber configuration has sloped surfaces which are adapted to return contained electrolyte to an associated battery cell opening when such battery is righted.
8. An anti-spill device of claim 7, wherein a plurality of devices are provided for a plurality of battery cells of a battery, each device returning contained electrolyte to its associated cell when a battery is righted to thereby restore each battery cell to its operating electrolyte level.
9. An anti-spill device of claim 1, wherein said contained level of electrolyte, as it effectively blocks an associated inlet, precludes air entering such cell and thereby precluding further flow of electrolyte out of such cell.
10. In a liquid electrolyte cell type battery having a plurality of cells, a battery container having defined therein a plurality of cell partitions and a battery cover sealed to said battery container to isolate the cells, said cover having means for venting to atmosphere gases above the cell electrolyte level generated in each cell and means interposed each cell above its electrolyte level and said vent means for containing electrolyte which rises above an opening into said containment means when a battery is tipped to anyone of its sides, said containment means containing electrolyte to at least a level which causes relative to said opening a blockage of further flow of electrolyte into said containment means by preventing air from the venting means entering the respective cell, said containment means for each cell being adapted to confine electrolyte away from said vent means and thereby preclude electrolyte spillage regardless to which side the battery is tipped.
11. In a battery of claim 10, said containment means for each cell being adapted to return confined electrolyte to its associated cell when the battery is righted to restore the cell electrolyte to its operating level.
12. In a battery of claim 10, said containment means being on a single level within said cover and comprising an outlet passageway to said vent means which is at least partly convoluted to confine electrolyte away from said vent means regardless to which side the battery is tipped.
13. In a battery of claim 10, said containment means being on two levels within said cover and comprising a first chamber in a first level having said opening as its inlet and a second chamber on a second level in communication with said vent means, said first and second chambers being in communication with one another via an opening in a partition isolating said first and second chambers, said second chamber being in communication with said vent means via an outlet, said opening in said partition being remote from said outlet to thereby prevent electrolyte which flows into said second chamber from said first chamber after the levels of electrolyte in the cell and respective chambers have achieved equilibrium.
14. In a battery of claim 10, said containment means being on one level within said cover and comprising a partition arrangement which defines a chamber having said opening as its inlet and an outlet in communication with said vent means, said partition arrangement defining at least a partially convoluted passageway which allows said level of electrolyte effectively covering said inlet to seek a level in the passageway which, once equilibrium of the electrolyte levels in the cell and passageway are achieved, is spaced along said passageway from said outlet.
15. In a battery of claim 14, said inlet being defined in the base of said chamber, said passageway leading from said chamber to said outlet where said passageway and chamber are sloped so as to return electrolyte to said inlet, said passageway being of sufficient width along its length to prevent surface tension of the electrolyte forming blockage of said passageway.
16. In a battery of claim 13, the first and second chamber bases being sloped to return electrolyte to the respective cell opening.
17. An anti-spill device for cells of a liquid electrolyte battery, said anti-spill device comprising a chamber with an inlet in communication with a respective cell, each chamber having an outlet in communication with means for holding liquid electrolyte exterior of said chamber, said holding means having its outlet in communication with a vent means for said device, the arrangement being such that at least a portion of said holding means is above said chamber inlet regardless to which side a battery having said device is tipped.
18. An anti-spill device of claim 17, wherein said holding means is a passageway extending from said chamber outlet the arrangement being such that at least a portion of said passageway is above said chamber inlet for each side that a battery having said device is tipped onto.
19. An anti-spill device of claim 17, wherein said containment means is a second chamber located on top of the lower chamber, said second chamber being in communication with said lower chamber via the lower chamber, the outlet of said second chamber being diagonally opposite said lower chamber outlet and above said lower chamber inlet.
20. An anti-spill device of claim 18 or 19, wherein each of said chambers is rectangular with its sides parallel to the cover sides.
21. An anti-spill device of claim 18, wherein said chamber is rectangular with its sides parallel to the cover sides, said passageway extending along the bottom of the chamber and upwardly along the chamber side to at least above the respective chamber inlet.
22. A gang vent device having anti-spill characteristics when used in association with a rectangular-shaped liquid electrolyte battery having a plurality of cells, said gang vent comprising a hollow body portion having a plurality of plugs depending therefrom, each plug being adapted for sealing engagement with a battery cell opening, each plug having opening means for communication with corresponding battery cell, means for venting said hollow body to exterior said device, a chamber in communication with each plug opening means, each chamber having an outlet off to a side of and below said opening means and means for holding electrolyte in communication with said chamber outlet and having its outlet in communication with said vent means and located off to the other side of and above said opening means.
23. A gang vent device of claim 22, wherein said chamber is rectangular, said outlet being in a lower corner area of said chamber, said holding means having its outlet above said plug opening means and in the area of the corner diagonally opposite the corner adjacent said chamber outlet.
24. A gang vent device of claim 23, wherein said holding means is a passageway extending from said chamber outlet along the lower side of said chamber and up the adjacent side to at least above the plug opening proximate the diagonally opposite corner of said chamber.
25. A gang vent device of claim 24, wherein there are three gang vent plugs, each rectangular chamber being in communication with a respective plug, a partition arrangement defining the three chambers and corresponding passageways, each passageway outlet being in communication with a common channel which leads to said vent means.
26. A gang vent device of claim 25, wherein the lower surfaces of said device when upright are sloped to return all contained electrolyte to the respective cell and thereby restore the cell electrolyte level to its working level when a battery is righted with said device thereon.
27. A gang vent device of claim 22, wherein said holding means is a second chamber overlying said first chamber with its outlet which is in communication with said vent means being located in the area off to said other side of and above the first chamber inlet.
28. A gang vent device of claim 27, wherein said first and second chambers are rectangular and of similar size.
29. A gang vent device of claim 28, wherein said first chamber has its outlet in a lower corner area, said second chamber having its outlet in its upper corner area diagonally opposite said lower corner area.
30. A gang vent device of claim 29, wherein said second chamber is defined by a base, four sidewalls and a top, one of said sidewalls having said outlet defined therein adjacent the upper corner diagonally opposite the outlet for said first chamber.
31. A gang vent device of claim 30, wherein said outlet for said first chamber communicates with said second chamber through an opening provided in the base adjacent the lower corner, said base being sloped to drain electrolyte from said second chamber when a battery having said device is righted, said first chamber having a base portion which is sloped to return electrolyte to the cell via the respective plug opening.
32. A gang vent device of claim 31, wherein there are six gang vent plugs in a row and of size and spacing adapted to sealingly engage the six cell openings of a twelve volt liquid electrolyte battery.
33. A gang vent device of claim 23, wherein said hollow body portion is rectangular having a base with depending plug portions, four sidewalls and a top, each rectangular chamber being defined by a partition which extends outwardly from a sidewall which extends along the row of plugs to beyond said plug opening, across parallel to said sidewall beyond said plug opening, inwardy towards and perpendicular to said sidewall to short of said sidewall and across parallel to and spaced from said sidewall towards said first portion of the partition and short thereof to define the outlet for said rectangular chamber, the partition for the adjacent plug defining in combination with the partition for the other plug a passageway extending from said chamber outlet along said sidewall and outwardly beyond the partition to communicate with said vent means and thereby locate the passageway outlet at the corner of said chamber which diagonally opposite the corner where the chamber's outlet is located.
34. A gang vent device of claim 32 or 33, wherein said device is injection molded from thermoplastics material in parts which are subsequently heat sealed together to provide the complete device.
35. A gang vent device of claim 32 or 33, wherein sealing rings are provided about the periphery of each plug to form an airtight seal with cell opening wall.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000369876A CA1143786A (en) | 1981-02-02 | 1981-02-02 | Anti-spill device for electrolyte battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000369876A CA1143786A (en) | 1981-02-02 | 1981-02-02 | Anti-spill device for electrolyte battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1143786A true CA1143786A (en) | 1983-03-29 |
Family
ID=4119056
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000369876A Expired CA1143786A (en) | 1981-02-02 | 1981-02-02 | Anti-spill device for electrolyte battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1143786A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0630062A1 (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1994-12-21 | Exide Corporation | Battery gang vent system |
| CN114175379A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2022-03-11 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery and related device, preparation method and preparation equipment thereof |
-
1981
- 1981-02-02 CA CA000369876A patent/CA1143786A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0630062A1 (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1994-12-21 | Exide Corporation | Battery gang vent system |
| US5565282A (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1996-10-15 | Exide Corporation | Battery gang vent system |
| CN114175379A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2022-03-11 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery and related device, preparation method and preparation equipment thereof |
| CN114175379B (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2023-11-28 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery and related device, preparation method and preparation equipment thereof |
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| MKEX | Expiry |