CA1139950A - Gas producers - b - Google Patents
Gas producers - bInfo
- Publication number
- CA1139950A CA1139950A CA000360659A CA360659A CA1139950A CA 1139950 A CA1139950 A CA 1139950A CA 000360659 A CA000360659 A CA 000360659A CA 360659 A CA360659 A CA 360659A CA 1139950 A CA1139950 A CA 1139950A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- water jacket
- water
- producer
- wall
- collar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO GAS PRODUCERS-B
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A water jacket for coal gasification in which the gas producer is provided with an inwardly directed collar spaced from the water jacket and a plurality of apertures through the collar formation such that the collar can assist in supporting the refractory material of the wall of the gas producer.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A water jacket for coal gasification in which the gas producer is provided with an inwardly directed collar spaced from the water jacket and a plurality of apertures through the collar formation such that the collar can assist in supporting the refractory material of the wall of the gas producer.
Description
~3~
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO_ GAS PRODUCERS-B
l'HIS in~ention relates to ~ater jackets of the kind used in two stage gas producers~
~wo stage gas producers are kno~m in the trade and generally these comprise an elongated cylindrical structure comprising an upper section of refractor~
materialg a water jacket disposed immediatel~ below the upper section and a seal skirt extending from the lower end of the water jacket In this specification the upper section of refractory ~aterial ~rill be referred to as the wall of the producar~
I~side the water jacket a conical grate, which may be rota-table, is disposed and in use an air and steam mixture is ~ed into the producer via the grate. Coal is fed into the producer fro~ one or more bunkers disposed at the upper extremity of the wall of the producer ~he rate at which the air and steam mixture is fed into the producer is adjusted such -that a irebed, which is formed in the coal~ is disposed approxima-tely halfway between the ends of the water Jacket.
T~ro gas fractions are separated in t~ro stage producers namely the botto~ gas, i.e. -the gas which is collected relatively close to the firebed and the top gas, ~,~
~L~39~
i.e. the Eraction which is collected at or towards the upper extremity oE the producer.
It is known to collect the bottom gas through the agency of a plurality of evenly spaced flues which are disposed inside the wall of the producer.
In known gas producers the lower ex-tremity of -the wall of the producer defines a recessed zone which zone houses -the inlets to the flues. Poke holes are also normally located in this region of the producer and it is accordingly often found that the lower extremity of the wall of refractory material is the weakest part of the producer.
As the recessed zone from which the gas collecting flues extend is normally substantially filled with coal, the gas in the flues often entrain undesirable dus-t par-ticles which have to be removed before -the gas can be utilized.
It is an object of the present invention at least to mlnimise some of the disadvantages of known gas producers.
According to the invention, a vertically extending wa-ter jacket enveloping the lowe~ portion of a gas producer is characterized by an inwardly projecting collar con-taining coolant spaced from, and interior of, -the vertical inner waLl of the upper extremity of the water jacket, a plurality of apertures extending through the collar, and a steam outlet positioned between -the upper extremity of the water jacket and the collar. The collar assists in supporting the refractory material of the wall of the gas producer and each aperture is located above a surface of the fire bed of the producer. The aperture constitutes an in]et to a flue extendincJ inside the refractory wall for directing product gas upwardly through the refractory so that water can be maintained within the water jacket at a level between the collar and the steam outlet to protect by the refractory -the portion of the water jacket not cooled by water.
Preferably the upper and lower surfaces of the co]lar extend substantially normally to the inner surface of the water jacket.
Further according to the invention a water jacket of the kind in question is characterized in that it includes at least one poke hole through which in use a poke rod may be introduced for poking a firebed disposed inside the water jacket. Preferably a plurality of evenly spaced poke holes are provided around the periphery of the water jacket.
According to a further aspect of the present invention an annular storage tank for water is provided at the upper extremity of a gas producer in heat contact with the producer wall.
The water jacket may be gravity fed with water from the storage tank at the upper extremity of the producer via a suitable control ar~-angement. Preferably the ~l3~
control arrangement is of a kind as described in our Sou-th African Patent Mo. 78/5863 entitled "Improvements In Or Relating to Valves".
Without restricting the scope of the invention a preferred embodiment will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which :
~igure 1 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation of a gas producer according to the invention Figure 2 is a section on line II - II through figure 1.
Referring to the accompanying drawings a gas producer 1 comprises a wall 2 of refractory ~aterial which may comprise bricking or castable refractory materi~l.
Disposed belo~ the ~1all 2 is a water jacket 3 and a seal skirt l~ extends from the lower end of the water jacket 3.
~'he botto~ gas collecting system comprising ~lues 5 and the central revol~ring f1ue 6 shown in the drawing is described in more detail in our co-pending application entitled "Improvements in or rela-ting to Gas Producers - A".
(Canadian Serial No. 360,658, filed September 19, 1980) ~3~5~S~
'~he water jacket 3 colaprises an inrler cyliildrical wall 8 and an outer c~lindrical wall 7 which are co-axially disposed and interconnected by a top 9 and a bottom lO to constitute an annular vessel defini~g a central chi~ney zone 11.
~ ~he water jacket 3 is provided with an inlet for : water tnot shown) and an outlet for steam 12.
An inwardly directed collar formation 13 extends fro~
the inner wall 8 of the water jacket 3 substantially normally to the surface of wall 8.
A plurali-ty of apertures 1~ are provided through the collar and in usa these apertures 14 constitute the inlets of flues 5.
When the coal is fed into the producer from -the bunkers 15 the coal inside the inner wall 8 will form a sloping annular sur~ace below the collar 13 as is indicated by the bro~en lines 16. ~he angle of incli~atio~ of the surface so formed will be depéndant on the angle of repose of the coal. ~hus an annular ~oid 17 is formed immediately below the inlet to the flue and this has the.
result that less dust will be entrained in the gas stream which flows through the flue than wha-t is e~perie~ced wi'h known gas producers.
,.. ,~
"i.. "'i ~3~
~Ae water jacke-t i-cself is ~lso provided l~ith a number of poke holes 18, the centre lines of which are. indicated at l~(a), and a catwalk 19 is provlded around the circumference of the water jacket 3~ It will be seen that with this arrangeme~t the poke holes are substantially closer to the firebed zone X than what is the case with poke holes through the wall of the producer as is normally used thus making poking of the fire substa~tially easier compared to k~own lo producers.
' ~he invention also includes ~eans for.delivering steam from the outlet 12 of the water jacket to the poke holes for creating a steam curtai~ to prevent the gas produced in the pro~ucer fro~ escaping through the poke ~
hole whilst poking is carried out~
Conventional producers often include a shoulder formation ..
above the bo-ttom gas.collecting conduit 20. Accordi~g to the present i-nvention this space is utilised by provlding an annular storage tank 21 for wa-ter which encircles the upper zone of the producer 1. A layer - of suitable ceramic fibre insu1ating material 22 is provided between the bottom of the annular tank 21 and the shoulder formation 23 defined by the wall 2.
Due to heat losses -through the wall 2 and particularly throuOh the section 2(a) thereof the water in the tanh 21 is being pre-heated to a certain extent.
3~Q
Water lost in the form of steam from the water jacket 3 is replenished from the tank 21 by means of pipes and valves which are not shown in the drawings.
A cat-walk and working platform 24 is provided at the top of the tank 21 which allows easy access to the bunkers 15.
It will be appreciated that many variations in detail may be thought of without thereby departing from the spirit of the invention.
-a-., ,
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO_ GAS PRODUCERS-B
l'HIS in~ention relates to ~ater jackets of the kind used in two stage gas producers~
~wo stage gas producers are kno~m in the trade and generally these comprise an elongated cylindrical structure comprising an upper section of refractor~
materialg a water jacket disposed immediatel~ below the upper section and a seal skirt extending from the lower end of the water jacket In this specification the upper section of refractory ~aterial ~rill be referred to as the wall of the producar~
I~side the water jacket a conical grate, which may be rota-table, is disposed and in use an air and steam mixture is ~ed into the producer via the grate. Coal is fed into the producer fro~ one or more bunkers disposed at the upper extremity of the wall of the producer ~he rate at which the air and steam mixture is fed into the producer is adjusted such -that a irebed, which is formed in the coal~ is disposed approxima-tely halfway between the ends of the water Jacket.
T~ro gas fractions are separated in t~ro stage producers namely the botto~ gas, i.e. -the gas which is collected relatively close to the firebed and the top gas, ~,~
~L~39~
i.e. the Eraction which is collected at or towards the upper extremity oE the producer.
It is known to collect the bottom gas through the agency of a plurality of evenly spaced flues which are disposed inside the wall of the producer.
In known gas producers the lower ex-tremity of -the wall of the producer defines a recessed zone which zone houses -the inlets to the flues. Poke holes are also normally located in this region of the producer and it is accordingly often found that the lower extremity of the wall of refractory material is the weakest part of the producer.
As the recessed zone from which the gas collecting flues extend is normally substantially filled with coal, the gas in the flues often entrain undesirable dus-t par-ticles which have to be removed before -the gas can be utilized.
It is an object of the present invention at least to mlnimise some of the disadvantages of known gas producers.
According to the invention, a vertically extending wa-ter jacket enveloping the lowe~ portion of a gas producer is characterized by an inwardly projecting collar con-taining coolant spaced from, and interior of, -the vertical inner waLl of the upper extremity of the water jacket, a plurality of apertures extending through the collar, and a steam outlet positioned between -the upper extremity of the water jacket and the collar. The collar assists in supporting the refractory material of the wall of the gas producer and each aperture is located above a surface of the fire bed of the producer. The aperture constitutes an in]et to a flue extendincJ inside the refractory wall for directing product gas upwardly through the refractory so that water can be maintained within the water jacket at a level between the collar and the steam outlet to protect by the refractory -the portion of the water jacket not cooled by water.
Preferably the upper and lower surfaces of the co]lar extend substantially normally to the inner surface of the water jacket.
Further according to the invention a water jacket of the kind in question is characterized in that it includes at least one poke hole through which in use a poke rod may be introduced for poking a firebed disposed inside the water jacket. Preferably a plurality of evenly spaced poke holes are provided around the periphery of the water jacket.
According to a further aspect of the present invention an annular storage tank for water is provided at the upper extremity of a gas producer in heat contact with the producer wall.
The water jacket may be gravity fed with water from the storage tank at the upper extremity of the producer via a suitable control ar~-angement. Preferably the ~l3~
control arrangement is of a kind as described in our Sou-th African Patent Mo. 78/5863 entitled "Improvements In Or Relating to Valves".
Without restricting the scope of the invention a preferred embodiment will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which :
~igure 1 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation of a gas producer according to the invention Figure 2 is a section on line II - II through figure 1.
Referring to the accompanying drawings a gas producer 1 comprises a wall 2 of refractory ~aterial which may comprise bricking or castable refractory materi~l.
Disposed belo~ the ~1all 2 is a water jacket 3 and a seal skirt l~ extends from the lower end of the water jacket 3.
~'he botto~ gas collecting system comprising ~lues 5 and the central revol~ring f1ue 6 shown in the drawing is described in more detail in our co-pending application entitled "Improvements in or rela-ting to Gas Producers - A".
(Canadian Serial No. 360,658, filed September 19, 1980) ~3~5~S~
'~he water jacket 3 colaprises an inrler cyliildrical wall 8 and an outer c~lindrical wall 7 which are co-axially disposed and interconnected by a top 9 and a bottom lO to constitute an annular vessel defini~g a central chi~ney zone 11.
~ ~he water jacket 3 is provided with an inlet for : water tnot shown) and an outlet for steam 12.
An inwardly directed collar formation 13 extends fro~
the inner wall 8 of the water jacket 3 substantially normally to the surface of wall 8.
A plurali-ty of apertures 1~ are provided through the collar and in usa these apertures 14 constitute the inlets of flues 5.
When the coal is fed into the producer from -the bunkers 15 the coal inside the inner wall 8 will form a sloping annular sur~ace below the collar 13 as is indicated by the bro~en lines 16. ~he angle of incli~atio~ of the surface so formed will be depéndant on the angle of repose of the coal. ~hus an annular ~oid 17 is formed immediately below the inlet to the flue and this has the.
result that less dust will be entrained in the gas stream which flows through the flue than wha-t is e~perie~ced wi'h known gas producers.
,.. ,~
"i.. "'i ~3~
~Ae water jacke-t i-cself is ~lso provided l~ith a number of poke holes 18, the centre lines of which are. indicated at l~(a), and a catwalk 19 is provlded around the circumference of the water jacket 3~ It will be seen that with this arrangeme~t the poke holes are substantially closer to the firebed zone X than what is the case with poke holes through the wall of the producer as is normally used thus making poking of the fire substa~tially easier compared to k~own lo producers.
' ~he invention also includes ~eans for.delivering steam from the outlet 12 of the water jacket to the poke holes for creating a steam curtai~ to prevent the gas produced in the pro~ucer fro~ escaping through the poke ~
hole whilst poking is carried out~
Conventional producers often include a shoulder formation ..
above the bo-ttom gas.collecting conduit 20. Accordi~g to the present i-nvention this space is utilised by provlding an annular storage tank 21 for wa-ter which encircles the upper zone of the producer 1. A layer - of suitable ceramic fibre insu1ating material 22 is provided between the bottom of the annular tank 21 and the shoulder formation 23 defined by the wall 2.
Due to heat losses -through the wall 2 and particularly throuOh the section 2(a) thereof the water in the tanh 21 is being pre-heated to a certain extent.
3~Q
Water lost in the form of steam from the water jacket 3 is replenished from the tank 21 by means of pipes and valves which are not shown in the drawings.
A cat-walk and working platform 24 is provided at the top of the tank 21 which allows easy access to the bunkers 15.
It will be appreciated that many variations in detail may be thought of without thereby departing from the spirit of the invention.
-a-., ,
Claims (10)
1. A vertically extending water jacket enveloping the lower portion of a gas producer characterized by an inwardly projecting collar containing coolant spaced from, and interior of, the vertical inner wall of the upper extremity of the water jacket, and a plurality of apertures extending through the collar, and a steam outlet positioned between the upper extremity of the water jacket and the collar, wherein the collar assists in supporting the refractory material of the wall of the gas producer and each aperture is located above a surface of the fire bed of the producer and constitutes an inlet to a flue extending inside said refractory wall for directing product gas upwardly through the refractory so that water can be maintained within the water jacket at a level between the collar and the steam outlet to protect by the refractory the portion of the water jacket not cooled by water.
2. The water jacket of Claim 1 characterized in that it includes at least one poke hole through which in use a poke rod may be introduced for poking a firebed disposed inside the water jacket.
3. The water jacket of Claim 2 wherein a plurality of evenly spaced poke holes are provided around the periphery of the water jacket.
4. The water jacket of Claim 1 wherein the upper and lower surfaces of the collar extend substantially normally to the inner surface of the water jacket.
5. The water jacket of Claim 2 wherein the upper and lower surfaces of the collar extend substantially normally to the inner surface of the water jacket.
6. The water jacket of Claim 3 wherein the upper and lower surfaces of the collar extend substantially normally to the inner surface of the water jacket.
7. The water jacket of Claim 1 including an annular storage tank for water at the upper extremity of the gas producer and in heat contact with the wall of the producer, the tank being adapted to feed water to the water jacket which is dis-posed at the lower extremity of the wall of the producer.
8. The water jacket of Claim 2 including an annular storage tank for water at the upper extremity of the gas producer and in heat contact with the wall of the producer, the tank being adapted to feed water to the water jacket which is dis-posed at the lower extremity of the wall of the producer.
9. The water jacket of Claim 5 including an annular storage tank for water at the upper extremity of the gas producer and in heat contact with the wall of the producer, the tank being adapted to feed water to the water jacket which is dis-posed at the lower extremity of the wall of the producer.
10. A water jacket according to Claim 7, Claim 8 or Claim 9 wherein the water is fed from the tank to the water jacket under influence of gravity and controlled by a suitable control arrangement.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000360659A CA1139950A (en) | 1980-09-19 | 1980-09-19 | Gas producers - b |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000360659A CA1139950A (en) | 1980-09-19 | 1980-09-19 | Gas producers - b |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1139950A true CA1139950A (en) | 1983-01-25 |
Family
ID=4117934
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000360659A Expired CA1139950A (en) | 1980-09-19 | 1980-09-19 | Gas producers - b |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1139950A (en) |
-
1980
- 1980-09-19 CA CA000360659A patent/CA1139950A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |