CA1138624A - Wire installing tool - Google Patents
Wire installing toolInfo
- Publication number
- CA1138624A CA1138624A CA000369688A CA369688A CA1138624A CA 1138624 A CA1138624 A CA 1138624A CA 000369688 A CA000369688 A CA 000369688A CA 369688 A CA369688 A CA 369688A CA 1138624 A CA1138624 A CA 1138624A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- blade
- stem
- electrical connector
- recess
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Removal Of Insulation Or Armoring From Wires Or Cables (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A wire installing tool for inserting wire into a multi-fingered electrical connector comprising a handle containing a reversible elongated stem having recesses on both ends; the recesses being sized differently in depth to adapt to electrical connectors having various thicknesses, and a disposable blade releasably mounted on the stem and aligned with the recess to form a cavity which is bounded on three sides by the stem and on the fourth side by the blade, the depth of the cavity depen-dent upon which end of the stem is aligned with the blade. The blade has n two-sided edge, the outer side shaped at an optimum shear angle for shearing wire to be inserted in the electrical connector, and the inner side of the edge being shaped to allow for a wire tail to protrude a predetermined distance from the electrical connector.
A wire installing tool for inserting wire into a multi-fingered electrical connector comprising a handle containing a reversible elongated stem having recesses on both ends; the recesses being sized differently in depth to adapt to electrical connectors having various thicknesses, and a disposable blade releasably mounted on the stem and aligned with the recess to form a cavity which is bounded on three sides by the stem and on the fourth side by the blade, the depth of the cavity depen-dent upon which end of the stem is aligned with the blade. The blade has n two-sided edge, the outer side shaped at an optimum shear angle for shearing wire to be inserted in the electrical connector, and the inner side of the edge being shaped to allow for a wire tail to protrude a predetermined distance from the electrical connector.
Description
~38~24 The present invention relates to wire installing tools for connecting electric wires to an electrical connector.
It is known to use a wire installing tool to connect wire to conventional electrical connectors. These electrical con-nectors, in general, comprise at least two adjacent fingers extending from a base.
When an insulated electrical wire is inserted and pushed downwardly between the fingers, the insulation is~scraped or cut away making the desired contact between the electrical con-nector and the wire. It is know~ to insert the insulated wire in the electrical connector and sever one end of the wire by - the use of a wire installing tool having a blade including a cutting edge on one side. Although this type of blade is cap-able of severing the insulated wire, it often cuts the wire at a point close to the electrical connector resulting in a con-nection that is secured only by the metal core of the insulated wire. Insulated wires secured in this manner may easily sepa-rate from the connector from tension or vibration on the wire.
Another type of tool is disclosed in U. S. Patent No.
3,604,092 which discloses a tool for inserting electrical wires into electrical connectors. Although the tool discloses therein is adjustable so that cavities of two different widths may be provided, this patent does not disclose the use of a blade to cut the wires.
The present invention provides a wire installing tool including an elongated reversible stem having recesses on both ends thereof, one end of the stem being available for instal-lation of wire into an electrical connector and the other end being disposed within a handle during use of the tool. A
replaceable blade may be attached to either end of the stem to pxovide cavities of two depths depending on which end of the
It is known to use a wire installing tool to connect wire to conventional electrical connectors. These electrical con-nectors, in general, comprise at least two adjacent fingers extending from a base.
When an insulated electrical wire is inserted and pushed downwardly between the fingers, the insulation is~scraped or cut away making the desired contact between the electrical con-nector and the wire. It is know~ to insert the insulated wire in the electrical connector and sever one end of the wire by - the use of a wire installing tool having a blade including a cutting edge on one side. Although this type of blade is cap-able of severing the insulated wire, it often cuts the wire at a point close to the electrical connector resulting in a con-nection that is secured only by the metal core of the insulated wire. Insulated wires secured in this manner may easily sepa-rate from the connector from tension or vibration on the wire.
Another type of tool is disclosed in U. S. Patent No.
3,604,092 which discloses a tool for inserting electrical wires into electrical connectors. Although the tool discloses therein is adjustable so that cavities of two different widths may be provided, this patent does not disclose the use of a blade to cut the wires.
The present invention provides a wire installing tool including an elongated reversible stem having recesses on both ends thereof, one end of the stem being available for instal-lation of wire into an electrical connector and the other end being disposed within a handle during use of the tool. A
replaceable blade may be attached to either end of the stem to pxovide cavities of two depths depending on which end of the
2 ~
$13~}~Z4 stem is available for installation of wire. The handle includes a storage space for spare stem and blade sets.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention the blade has an edge having two sides, one side of the edge being the optimum cutting angle for severing the wire to be inserted in the electrical connector, and the other side of the edge allowing for the wire to be cut at a predeter-mined distance from the electrical connector and kinked to provide for .securement of the wire in the electrical connector.
In another embodiment of the invention, the ends of the blade and the stem include angled portions which allow for installation of ceramic diodes or resistors with-out damage to the ceramic diodes or resistors.
In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, there is provided, in a tool of the type having a handle and being intended for use in attaching an insulated wire to an electrical connector, an elongated stem having a first end secured to the handle and a second end including a recess, and a hlade mounted on the stem at said second end and aligned with the recess to form a cavity shaped to force the insulated wire into a conventional electrical connector, the connector stripping a section of the insula-tion from the wire core, said insulation section being dis-placed from the end of the wire, the blade having a cutting edge on at least one end thereof, the improvement comprises:
said cutting edge of said blade having inclined outer and inner sides, the outer side of said edge being shaped for shearing the insulated wire and the inner side of said edge being shaped to cut the wire at a predetermined distance \
1~31~Z4 from said electrical connector so that a portion of the wire with the insulation in place protrudes past said electrical connector and has a kink formed in the protruding part of the wire core.
FIGURE 1 shows an elevational view of the front of a wire installing tool.
FIGURE 2 shows a side elevation view of the wire installing tool of FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 3 shows an enlarged elevational view of the top of the stem of the wire installing tool shown in FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 4 shows an enlarged side elevational view of the stem of the wire installing tool of FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 5 shows a top elevational enlarged view of the blade of the wire installing tool of FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 6 shows a side elevational view of the blade of the wire installing tool of FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 7 shows an enlarged bottom view of the tool of FIGURE 1 being used to insert a diode or a resistor into an electrical connector.
FIGURE 8 shows an enlarged side view of the tool of FIGURE 1 being used to insert an insulated wire into an electrical connector.
.
113~Z4 FIGURE 9 shows an insulated wire secured into an electrical connector.
Referring to FIGURES 1-6, wire installing tool 1 comprises handle 2, stem 3 and blade 4. Stem 3 comprises an elongated, generally rectangular plate having ends 5 and 6. Ends 5 and 6 of stem 3 include recesses 7 and 8. These recesses are of less width than stem 3 and are bounded on the bottom and both sides by the body of stem 3. As shown in FIGURE 4, recess 7 has a depth of tl and recess 8 has a depth of t2, the depth of recess 8 being greater than the depth of recess 7 in order to secure wires to electrical connectors having thicknesses of tl and t2.
~~ Walls 7a and 7b (and also 8a and 8b) are straight sided through-out their depth and parallel to each other along most of their length, with the spacing between the walls held to extremely close tolerance (on the order of 0.001"). This construction insures positive connection between wire and connectors for various gage wires. Threaded holes 9 and 10 provide for the attachment of blade 4 to stem 3 by blade screw 21 and holes 11 and 12 allow for the attachment of stem 3 to handle 2 by nut-~0 bolt combination 23. On the surface of stem 3 are protrusions 13 and 14 which fit within detents 17 and 18 on blade 4 to allow blade 4 to be mounted fixedly to stem 3. Blade 4 includes hole 16 through which a screw may fit to attach blade 4 to stem 3.
Referring to FIGURE 6, it can be seen that blade 4 includes edge 15 which has inner and outer sides 19 and 20. Outer side 20 is cut in a manner to allow optimal shearing of the wire and has an angle of about 34 with the surface of the blade. Inner side 19 of edge 15 is cut in order to provide a gap t3, the utility of which will be des~ribed hereinafter. The other end of the blade is terminated in blunt end portion 44, which may be rotated and secured in place when tool 1 is used to install but not to cut 1138~iZ4 wires. Blade 6 is marked to identify the side which faces out-ward from stem 3.
As shown in FIGURES 1 and 2, blade 4 is attached by blade screw 21 to end 5 of stem 3. Blade 4 is releasably mounted on stem 3 and aligned with recess 7 to form a cavity which is bounded on three sides by stem 3 and on the fourth side by blade 4. Handle 2 includes hole 22 that correspond-s with hole 12 when the stem is placed within handle 2 so that nut-bolt combination 23 can secure stem 3 within handle 2. End 6 of stem 3 is located in recess 24 within handle 2 50 prevent rotation about nut-bolt combination 23 during use of tool.
- Handle 2 includes storage space 25 in which two additional stem and blade sets may be stored for desired use. It should be understood that with the storage capabilities of the handle, the wire installing tool of the present invention is capable of use wit~ up to six electrical connectors each having a different thickness. Handle 2 comprises two prefabricated plastic por-tions 26 and 27 which are held together by rivet 28 disposed through rivet hole 29 in the end portions of prefabricated plastic portions 26 and 27. Handle portions 26 and 27 are color coded so that the installer can identify the cutting side of the tool (which is always adjacent to one color of the handle).
-When nut-bolt combination 23 is removed, portion 26 of handle 2 can be rotated away from portion 27 of handle 2 to provide access to storage space 25.
` As shown in FIGURES 3 and 4, anvils 30 and 31 extend res-pectively from ends 5 and 6 to provide bearing surfaces 32 and 33 whic~ bear against wire inserted in an electrical connector.
Bearing surface 32 is cut away on both sides by angled portions 34 and 35. Angled portions 3~ and 35 allow for installation of wires extending from ceramic diGdes or resistors without damage 1:1386~:4 by the wire installing tool to the ceramic diodes or resistors.
Bearing surface 33 is similarly cut away by angled ~ortions 36 and 37. As shown in FIGURES 1 and 5, blunt end portion 44 of blade 4 is cut away by angled portions 45 and 46 and edge 15 of blade 4 is cut away by angled portions 47 and 48 to similarly allow for installation of wires extending from ceramic diodes or resistors wi~hout damage.
Referring to FIGURE 7 conventional circuit board or mounting base 38 has conventional electrical connector 39 extending there-from. Electrical connector 39 includes two fingers 40 and 41 between which uninsulated wire 42 has been pressed and secured ~-- into place. A ceramic diode or a resistor 43 may be secured between electrical connector 39 and another electrical connector (not shown). Angled portion 34 on anvil 30 and angled portion 47 on edge 15 allow for the installation of wires extending from diodes or resistors 43 wi~hout damage to the ceramic por-tions of diode or resistor 43. The cavity formed by recess 7 of stem and blade 4 is f~t over electrical connector 39 and has a width so as to press securely and evenly against both fingers 40 and 41 to allow for securement of wire 42.
FIGURES 8 and 9 demonstrate the advantages of edge 15 having two sides 19 and 20 when installing insulated wire. The angle of inner side 19 allows for edge 15 of blade 4 to be spaced from electrical connector 39 a predetermined distance of t3. This allows ~or the shearing of insulated wire 49 a distance of about t3 away from electrical connector 39 and also allows for a kink to form in terminal portion 52 of wire 42, which protrudes past the connector on the cut side of the wire and provides one form of positive loc~ing of wire 49 to e~ectrical connector 39. As shown in FIGURE 9, insulated wire 49 is secured between fingers 40 and 41 of electrical connector 39. Insulated wire includes 113~ 4 metal core S0 surrounded by insulating material 51 suxh as plastic. The insulating material has been crushed or stripped away where wire 49 is grasped between fingers 40 and 41. Termi-nal portion 52 of wire 49 includes retaining portion 53 of insulating ma~erial 51 which is larger in diame~er than the gap between fingers 40 and 41 and serves as a secured form of positive lock to prevent wire 49 from being removed easily from electrical connector 39.
It should be understood that when used with uninsulated wire~ as shown in FIGURE 7, uninsulated wire 42 is sheared a distance of about t3 away from connector 39 and a kink is formed , in the terminal portion of wire 42 to provide firm attachment to wire 42 within connector 39.
While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, various modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Accordingly, it is to be understood that the prese~nt invention has been described by way of illustration and not limitation.
This application is a division of Application Ser. No.
321,207, filed February 9, 1979.
$13~}~Z4 stem is available for installation of wire. The handle includes a storage space for spare stem and blade sets.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention the blade has an edge having two sides, one side of the edge being the optimum cutting angle for severing the wire to be inserted in the electrical connector, and the other side of the edge allowing for the wire to be cut at a predeter-mined distance from the electrical connector and kinked to provide for .securement of the wire in the electrical connector.
In another embodiment of the invention, the ends of the blade and the stem include angled portions which allow for installation of ceramic diodes or resistors with-out damage to the ceramic diodes or resistors.
In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, there is provided, in a tool of the type having a handle and being intended for use in attaching an insulated wire to an electrical connector, an elongated stem having a first end secured to the handle and a second end including a recess, and a hlade mounted on the stem at said second end and aligned with the recess to form a cavity shaped to force the insulated wire into a conventional electrical connector, the connector stripping a section of the insula-tion from the wire core, said insulation section being dis-placed from the end of the wire, the blade having a cutting edge on at least one end thereof, the improvement comprises:
said cutting edge of said blade having inclined outer and inner sides, the outer side of said edge being shaped for shearing the insulated wire and the inner side of said edge being shaped to cut the wire at a predetermined distance \
1~31~Z4 from said electrical connector so that a portion of the wire with the insulation in place protrudes past said electrical connector and has a kink formed in the protruding part of the wire core.
FIGURE 1 shows an elevational view of the front of a wire installing tool.
FIGURE 2 shows a side elevation view of the wire installing tool of FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 3 shows an enlarged elevational view of the top of the stem of the wire installing tool shown in FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 4 shows an enlarged side elevational view of the stem of the wire installing tool of FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 5 shows a top elevational enlarged view of the blade of the wire installing tool of FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 6 shows a side elevational view of the blade of the wire installing tool of FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 7 shows an enlarged bottom view of the tool of FIGURE 1 being used to insert a diode or a resistor into an electrical connector.
FIGURE 8 shows an enlarged side view of the tool of FIGURE 1 being used to insert an insulated wire into an electrical connector.
.
113~Z4 FIGURE 9 shows an insulated wire secured into an electrical connector.
Referring to FIGURES 1-6, wire installing tool 1 comprises handle 2, stem 3 and blade 4. Stem 3 comprises an elongated, generally rectangular plate having ends 5 and 6. Ends 5 and 6 of stem 3 include recesses 7 and 8. These recesses are of less width than stem 3 and are bounded on the bottom and both sides by the body of stem 3. As shown in FIGURE 4, recess 7 has a depth of tl and recess 8 has a depth of t2, the depth of recess 8 being greater than the depth of recess 7 in order to secure wires to electrical connectors having thicknesses of tl and t2.
~~ Walls 7a and 7b (and also 8a and 8b) are straight sided through-out their depth and parallel to each other along most of their length, with the spacing between the walls held to extremely close tolerance (on the order of 0.001"). This construction insures positive connection between wire and connectors for various gage wires. Threaded holes 9 and 10 provide for the attachment of blade 4 to stem 3 by blade screw 21 and holes 11 and 12 allow for the attachment of stem 3 to handle 2 by nut-~0 bolt combination 23. On the surface of stem 3 are protrusions 13 and 14 which fit within detents 17 and 18 on blade 4 to allow blade 4 to be mounted fixedly to stem 3. Blade 4 includes hole 16 through which a screw may fit to attach blade 4 to stem 3.
Referring to FIGURE 6, it can be seen that blade 4 includes edge 15 which has inner and outer sides 19 and 20. Outer side 20 is cut in a manner to allow optimal shearing of the wire and has an angle of about 34 with the surface of the blade. Inner side 19 of edge 15 is cut in order to provide a gap t3, the utility of which will be des~ribed hereinafter. The other end of the blade is terminated in blunt end portion 44, which may be rotated and secured in place when tool 1 is used to install but not to cut 1138~iZ4 wires. Blade 6 is marked to identify the side which faces out-ward from stem 3.
As shown in FIGURES 1 and 2, blade 4 is attached by blade screw 21 to end 5 of stem 3. Blade 4 is releasably mounted on stem 3 and aligned with recess 7 to form a cavity which is bounded on three sides by stem 3 and on the fourth side by blade 4. Handle 2 includes hole 22 that correspond-s with hole 12 when the stem is placed within handle 2 so that nut-bolt combination 23 can secure stem 3 within handle 2. End 6 of stem 3 is located in recess 24 within handle 2 50 prevent rotation about nut-bolt combination 23 during use of tool.
- Handle 2 includes storage space 25 in which two additional stem and blade sets may be stored for desired use. It should be understood that with the storage capabilities of the handle, the wire installing tool of the present invention is capable of use wit~ up to six electrical connectors each having a different thickness. Handle 2 comprises two prefabricated plastic por-tions 26 and 27 which are held together by rivet 28 disposed through rivet hole 29 in the end portions of prefabricated plastic portions 26 and 27. Handle portions 26 and 27 are color coded so that the installer can identify the cutting side of the tool (which is always adjacent to one color of the handle).
-When nut-bolt combination 23 is removed, portion 26 of handle 2 can be rotated away from portion 27 of handle 2 to provide access to storage space 25.
` As shown in FIGURES 3 and 4, anvils 30 and 31 extend res-pectively from ends 5 and 6 to provide bearing surfaces 32 and 33 whic~ bear against wire inserted in an electrical connector.
Bearing surface 32 is cut away on both sides by angled portions 34 and 35. Angled portions 3~ and 35 allow for installation of wires extending from ceramic diGdes or resistors without damage 1:1386~:4 by the wire installing tool to the ceramic diodes or resistors.
Bearing surface 33 is similarly cut away by angled ~ortions 36 and 37. As shown in FIGURES 1 and 5, blunt end portion 44 of blade 4 is cut away by angled portions 45 and 46 and edge 15 of blade 4 is cut away by angled portions 47 and 48 to similarly allow for installation of wires extending from ceramic diodes or resistors wi~hout damage.
Referring to FIGURE 7 conventional circuit board or mounting base 38 has conventional electrical connector 39 extending there-from. Electrical connector 39 includes two fingers 40 and 41 between which uninsulated wire 42 has been pressed and secured ~-- into place. A ceramic diode or a resistor 43 may be secured between electrical connector 39 and another electrical connector (not shown). Angled portion 34 on anvil 30 and angled portion 47 on edge 15 allow for the installation of wires extending from diodes or resistors 43 wi~hout damage to the ceramic por-tions of diode or resistor 43. The cavity formed by recess 7 of stem and blade 4 is f~t over electrical connector 39 and has a width so as to press securely and evenly against both fingers 40 and 41 to allow for securement of wire 42.
FIGURES 8 and 9 demonstrate the advantages of edge 15 having two sides 19 and 20 when installing insulated wire. The angle of inner side 19 allows for edge 15 of blade 4 to be spaced from electrical connector 39 a predetermined distance of t3. This allows ~or the shearing of insulated wire 49 a distance of about t3 away from electrical connector 39 and also allows for a kink to form in terminal portion 52 of wire 42, which protrudes past the connector on the cut side of the wire and provides one form of positive loc~ing of wire 49 to e~ectrical connector 39. As shown in FIGURE 9, insulated wire 49 is secured between fingers 40 and 41 of electrical connector 39. Insulated wire includes 113~ 4 metal core S0 surrounded by insulating material 51 suxh as plastic. The insulating material has been crushed or stripped away where wire 49 is grasped between fingers 40 and 41. Termi-nal portion 52 of wire 49 includes retaining portion 53 of insulating ma~erial 51 which is larger in diame~er than the gap between fingers 40 and 41 and serves as a secured form of positive lock to prevent wire 49 from being removed easily from electrical connector 39.
It should be understood that when used with uninsulated wire~ as shown in FIGURE 7, uninsulated wire 42 is sheared a distance of about t3 away from connector 39 and a kink is formed , in the terminal portion of wire 42 to provide firm attachment to wire 42 within connector 39.
While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, various modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Accordingly, it is to be understood that the prese~nt invention has been described by way of illustration and not limitation.
This application is a division of Application Ser. No.
321,207, filed February 9, 1979.
Claims (3)
1. In a tool of the type having a handle and being intended for use in attaching an insulated wire to an electrical connector, an elongated stem having a first end secured to the handle and a second end including a recess, and a blade mounted on the stem at said second end and in registration with the recess, the blade and recess includ-ing portion of the stem cooperating to form a cavity shaped to receive an electrical connector into which the insulated wire will be forced, the connector removing a section of the insulation from the wire core, said removed insulation section being displaced from the end of the wire, the blade having a cutting edge on at least one end thereof, the improvement comprising:
first and second inclined surfaces on opposite faces of said blade, said inclined surfaces meeting at said blade cutting edge, the first of said inclined surfaces facing generally away from said stem and being shaped for shearing the insulated wire, the second of said inclined surfaces generally facing said stem and being shaped to cause the shearing of the wire at a predetermined distance from the electrical connector so that a portion of the wire with the insulation in place protrudes past the electrical connector, said protruding wire portion being deformed away from the axis of the wire to define a kink;
said blade first surface being inclined at a first predetermined angle;
said blade second surface being inclined at a second predetermined angle to define a space between said blade second surface and the stem;
said first angle being different than said second angle;
said one end of said blade further being cut away at the opposite sides thereof to provide inclined side portions which diverge outwardly from the cutting edge of said blade; and said second end of said stem also being cut away at the opposite sides thereof to define inclined side portions which diverge outwardly from a narrow end of the stem.
first and second inclined surfaces on opposite faces of said blade, said inclined surfaces meeting at said blade cutting edge, the first of said inclined surfaces facing generally away from said stem and being shaped for shearing the insulated wire, the second of said inclined surfaces generally facing said stem and being shaped to cause the shearing of the wire at a predetermined distance from the electrical connector so that a portion of the wire with the insulation in place protrudes past the electrical connector, said protruding wire portion being deformed away from the axis of the wire to define a kink;
said blade first surface being inclined at a first predetermined angle;
said blade second surface being inclined at a second predetermined angle to define a space between said blade second surface and the stem;
said first angle being different than said second angle;
said one end of said blade further being cut away at the opposite sides thereof to provide inclined side portions which diverge outwardly from the cutting edge of said blade; and said second end of said stem also being cut away at the opposite sides thereof to define inclined side portions which diverge outwardly from a narrow end of the stem.
2. A wire installing tool as in claim 1 wherein:
said first predetermined angle is selected to achieve optimal shearing of the wire.
said first predetermined angle is selected to achieve optimal shearing of the wire.
3. A wire installing tool as in claim 1 wherein:
said first predetermined angle is about 34° with respect to the surface of said blade.
said first predetermined angle is about 34° with respect to the surface of said blade.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000369688A CA1138624A (en) | 1978-03-06 | 1981-01-29 | Wire installing tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/883,887 US4194256A (en) | 1978-03-06 | 1978-03-06 | Wire installing tool |
| CA000321207A CA1119786A (en) | 1978-03-06 | 1979-02-09 | Wire installing tool |
| CA000369688A CA1138624A (en) | 1978-03-06 | 1981-01-29 | Wire installing tool |
| US883,887 | 1986-07-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1138624A true CA1138624A (en) | 1983-01-04 |
Family
ID=27166069
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000369688A Expired CA1138624A (en) | 1978-03-06 | 1981-01-29 | Wire installing tool |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1138624A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-01-29 CA CA000369688A patent/CA1138624A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |