CA1137042A - Apparatus for and method of spreading gaseous, liquid and powdered materials - Google Patents
Apparatus for and method of spreading gaseous, liquid and powdered materialsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1137042A CA1137042A CA000365425A CA365425A CA1137042A CA 1137042 A CA1137042 A CA 1137042A CA 000365425 A CA000365425 A CA 000365425A CA 365425 A CA365425 A CA 365425A CA 1137042 A CA1137042 A CA 1137042A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- propellant
- container
- casing
- tank
- pressure vessel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A dispenser for liquid, gaseous or powdered materials comprises a pressure vessel containing an upper tank containing material to be dispensed and a lower tank containing propellant. The material tank is movable along the inside walls of the pressure vessel in sealing engagement with the inside walls and is provided with an easily frangible portion at its upper end. The propel-lant tank is a rigid tank which holds the propellant under pressure. The bottom of the pressure vessel has a manually operable pricking member which when operated pierces the propellant tank to release the propellant which forces the material tank upwardly. A further pricking member which may be a nozzle tube at the top of the pressure vessel then engages and rips open the material tank. The material can then be dispersed in the usual way by operating a finger controlled valve. Both tanks may be replaced with full ones after use simply by unscrewing the bottom of the pressure vessel.
A dispenser for liquid, gaseous or powdered materials comprises a pressure vessel containing an upper tank containing material to be dispensed and a lower tank containing propellant. The material tank is movable along the inside walls of the pressure vessel in sealing engagement with the inside walls and is provided with an easily frangible portion at its upper end. The propel-lant tank is a rigid tank which holds the propellant under pressure. The bottom of the pressure vessel has a manually operable pricking member which when operated pierces the propellant tank to release the propellant which forces the material tank upwardly. A further pricking member which may be a nozzle tube at the top of the pressure vessel then engages and rips open the material tank. The material can then be dispersed in the usual way by operating a finger controlled valve. Both tanks may be replaced with full ones after use simply by unscrewing the bottom of the pressure vessel.
Description
z ~:
This invention relates to apparatus for and a method of dispensing gaseous, powdered or liquid ma~erials including creamy and foamy materlals of relatively low viscosity.
Several methods and apparatus are known for dispensing materials. The siphon and the so-called aerosol products are the best-known. Their common eature is that they have a pressure vessel containing material to be dispensed and overpressure is developed in the pressure vessel by a carrier gas ~so- -called propellant). The overpressure is used for dispensing in the desired direction the material in the pressure vessel through a valve.
The propellant enters the pressure vessel of the siphons from outside~
~ from a replaceable tank. The pressure vessel can be repeatedly reused, the ; material to be dispensed can be repeatedly refilled. This construction is preferable if a large quantity of material is to be prepared for dispensing or especially preferable if chemical reaction is required ~etween the material to be dispensed and the propellant providing overpressure.
A çharacteristic of the aerosol products is that the material to be dispensed and the propellant are fllled in the tank under overpressure. Another characteristic is that because refilling them is very complicated they are gen-eral~y non-refillable, being designed to be thrown away after use.
The aerosol products comprise fluorohydrocarbons such as those known by the trade marks Freon, Frigon~ Kaltron, etc., as propellants. The fluoro-hydrocarbDns are chemically inert and as inert gases would be very advantageous.However, their environment pollutant effect~ and the eventual decomposition of the ozone shield of the atmosphere in their presence are widely investigated and the use of hydrocarbons has been already banned in many countries on account of their presumed negative conse~uences. This tendency is expected to spread throughout the world. ~ide ranging experiments for replacing hydrocar-,, .: , bons are being made, but a material which is similarly inert~ cheap with favourable features of use has not been found up to now. Generally the other propellants are relatively expensive or their chemical reaction with the material to be spread is unfavourable for use.
Apart from the propellant being even~ually dangerous for the environment, the aerosol products are relatively expensive: the high cost of the container is not commensurate with the value of the material to be dispensed, and their disposability, owing to safety requirementsJ significantly increases the cos~
of production. ~here the material to be dispensed is incendiary or possibly explosive, the empty vessels require special care, because the material left behind inevitably in the vessel may cause accidents when opening the vessel carelessly.
The methods of and apparatus for refilling the aerosol vessels are com-plicated and not hygienic while they do not prevent the contents of the vessel from getting into the atmosphere, in this way further polluting environment.
Another drawback is that the refilled vessel can not be sealed safely except by eMploying more expensive materials and constructions further increasing costs.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method of and ~- apparatus for dispensing materials without polluting the environment and which is cheaper than all the kno~n methods~ eliminating the drawbacks mentioned ; above. Another object 1S ~o provlde a method and apparatus that can berepeatedly used5 is inexpensive and uses a propellant which does not require skill to handle.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a method of dispensing material~ comprising disposing material to be dispensed in a first sealed container within a first portion of a casing~ disposing a propellant in a second sealed container within a second portion of said casing~ closing ' .-37~
the casing, piercing the second container within the closed casing to permit the propellant within the second container to escape and to pressurize the first container, and dispensing said material from the first container to a point outside said casing.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for dispensing material, comprising a casing, a first sealed container of the material to be dispensed disposed within said casing, a second sealed container of propellant also disposed within said casing, means to close said casing9 means operable through said closed casing to pierce the second container thereby to apply the pressure of the propellant to the outside of said first container withou~ admixing the propellant with the material to be dispensed, and means to dispense said material from the interior of said first container under the pressure of said propellan* to a point outside said casing.
Preferably the first container is movable~in said casing under *he influence of the pressure of said propellant and the appara*us includes pier-cing means within the casing to pierce the first container when the first container moves toward the piercing means under the impe*us o:E said propellant,said dispensing means comprising a dispensing valve for dispensing material - from the pierced ~irst container.
In a preferred arrangement wall means separates said first and second containers within the casing, the propellant moving said wall means toward the first container when the second container is pierced and the propellant is released within the casing. ~;
By the method and apparatus according to the present invention powdered, gaseous and liquid materials can be effectively spread, atomized or pressed out without polluting environment. Compressed air or other similarly cheapg easy to sell gas can ~e used as propellant as it does not get into , , , , :
.
.
~37~æ
contact with the material to be dispensed. If desiredJ a two-component chemical system can also be used as propellant. There is no need for throwing away the pressure vessel after use, new tanks of propellant and material to be dispensed can be inserted into it, and the apparatus can be put in~o service again very simply. This way a new commercial amlly of goods can be developed incorpora-ting interchangeable members.
Different methods according to the present invention can be provided.
Basically however, a pressure vessel is used comprising a spreading nozzle with valve. The lower end cap of the vessel is removed, and the separate material tank is inserted into it, next to the spreading nozzle, and then the propellant tank is inserted in the vessel. The material tank is used for closing the path of the gas in the direction of the spreading nozzle. As the end cap is screwed on, the opening of the propellant tank is ensured by a pricking mechanism. The developed overpressure moves the material tank towards the spreading nozzle.
The spreading nozzle may be, for example, a valve comprising an inlet tube and the tube rips the wall of the taDk nnd as it sinks into the material tank at the same time, the opening of the valve enables spreading.
Alternatively~ the valve may be omitted so that when a pricker or other sharp member situated in the space of the material tank effectuates the ripping of the material tank in the pressure vessel, the material exits immediately in the desired directlon.
According to another method the pressure vessel is divided into two ~ parts and their sealing effectuates both the air-tight sealing of the pressure i~ ; vessel and the opening of the propellant tank. A movable dividing wall is effected between the two parts, and the dispensing nozzle of the material tank is covered with a layer of easily rippable material. In this way a dispensing device suited for single use with single assembly~ comprising a spreading ~' ~
,~ ~
~ -4-,~ ,,, ,, . .
~` ' - .
no~zle which is ripped by the overpressure developed by opening the propellant tank is obtained.
The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a cross-sectional view o a dispensing clevice according to the invention.
The apparatus comprises a pressure vessel 5 sealed on one side by a dispensing nozzle, a valve mechanismJ in this case comprising an exit tube 4, ?
a valve 3, and an atomizer 1 supported by a finger piece 2, and on the other side oy an end cap 13. The end cap 13 connects to the pressure vessel 5 *hrough packing 7 and is secured to the vessel with a screw thread, bayonet-lock ~not shown in the fig~re) or other appropriate mechanism. The end cap 13 comprises an evacuation valve 14 communicating with the internal space of the pressure vessel and a pricking mechanism comprising a pricker 6 and a push but-ton 8.
The steps of operating the apparatus of the present invention are prQ-vided as follows.
A material tank 9 containing a material 10 to be dispensed is inserted into the pressure vessel 5. The wall of the material tank 9 next to the end cap 13 is pressure-tight while its wall next to the spreading nozzle and to the valve mechanism, respectively, can be easily ripped. The wall next to the end cap 13 can be a stiff wall 15 or an elastic wrapper 15 bearing tightly against and guided by the inside wall of the pressure vessel (shown in the figure). After the material tank 9 has been inserted, a propellant tank 11 con-taining a propellant 12, for example~ compressed air, is inserted. The pressure vessel 5 is sealed by the end cap 13. After sealing the pricker 6 is . ~ .
pricked into the wall of the propellant tank 11 by pressing the push button 8.
The expanding propellant 12 presses the stiff wall 15 or the elastic wrapper 16 ~ -:: - , . . .
. .
~3~7~42 of the material tank 9 agains~ ~he wall of the pressure vessel 5 and hereby blocks its own further passage. As a result of the developed overpressure the material tank 9 moves towards the spreading nozzle and in this case it i5 pricked by the wall of the lnlet tube 4 whereupon a communication is effected between the spreading noz~le and the internal space of the material tank 9.
Upon opening the spreading nozzle by pressing fingerpiece 2 the material lO to be spread~ contained in the material tank 9 is forced by the overpressure to exit through the atomi~er l transformed into tiny drops. As the material tank 9 keeps deflating, the pressure moves the wall dividing the internal space of the pressure vessel 5 always more and more against the spreading nGzzle. As soon as the material tank is empty the propellant 12 left is removed by using the evacuation valve 14 and the deflated tanks in the pressure vessel 5 can be removed by opening the end cap 13 and can be replaced by new ones.
The method according to the present invention enables an effective " .
apparatus to be built with remarkably inexpensive, simply manufactured elements.The tanks can be thrown away after use; the propellant used can be s0lected from i~expensive gases which do not pollutc the environment; the apparatus is explosion- and fire-proof even when subjected to violent handling. The material tanks can be filled with materials of various kinds.
2a The apparatus and method according to the present invention provide prefabricated material tanks of pleasing and diversified ext~rior for dispensingand their content can be checked easily and without errors. It should be noted, that the material tank may contain the propellant tank for providing easier sale, transport and use. The invention results in a 50-80 per cent decrease in cost compared to the conventional constructions. The tank containers that are thrown away are very small and the apparatus pollu~es the environment much less than the previous constructions.
- :
:. .
~' :
.. - ~ , .
: . , : :
.
- ~ ~
:
' :
This invention relates to apparatus for and a method of dispensing gaseous, powdered or liquid ma~erials including creamy and foamy materlals of relatively low viscosity.
Several methods and apparatus are known for dispensing materials. The siphon and the so-called aerosol products are the best-known. Their common eature is that they have a pressure vessel containing material to be dispensed and overpressure is developed in the pressure vessel by a carrier gas ~so- -called propellant). The overpressure is used for dispensing in the desired direction the material in the pressure vessel through a valve.
The propellant enters the pressure vessel of the siphons from outside~
~ from a replaceable tank. The pressure vessel can be repeatedly reused, the ; material to be dispensed can be repeatedly refilled. This construction is preferable if a large quantity of material is to be prepared for dispensing or especially preferable if chemical reaction is required ~etween the material to be dispensed and the propellant providing overpressure.
A çharacteristic of the aerosol products is that the material to be dispensed and the propellant are fllled in the tank under overpressure. Another characteristic is that because refilling them is very complicated they are gen-eral~y non-refillable, being designed to be thrown away after use.
The aerosol products comprise fluorohydrocarbons such as those known by the trade marks Freon, Frigon~ Kaltron, etc., as propellants. The fluoro-hydrocarbDns are chemically inert and as inert gases would be very advantageous.However, their environment pollutant effect~ and the eventual decomposition of the ozone shield of the atmosphere in their presence are widely investigated and the use of hydrocarbons has been already banned in many countries on account of their presumed negative conse~uences. This tendency is expected to spread throughout the world. ~ide ranging experiments for replacing hydrocar-,, .: , bons are being made, but a material which is similarly inert~ cheap with favourable features of use has not been found up to now. Generally the other propellants are relatively expensive or their chemical reaction with the material to be spread is unfavourable for use.
Apart from the propellant being even~ually dangerous for the environment, the aerosol products are relatively expensive: the high cost of the container is not commensurate with the value of the material to be dispensed, and their disposability, owing to safety requirementsJ significantly increases the cos~
of production. ~here the material to be dispensed is incendiary or possibly explosive, the empty vessels require special care, because the material left behind inevitably in the vessel may cause accidents when opening the vessel carelessly.
The methods of and apparatus for refilling the aerosol vessels are com-plicated and not hygienic while they do not prevent the contents of the vessel from getting into the atmosphere, in this way further polluting environment.
Another drawback is that the refilled vessel can not be sealed safely except by eMploying more expensive materials and constructions further increasing costs.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method of and ~- apparatus for dispensing materials without polluting the environment and which is cheaper than all the kno~n methods~ eliminating the drawbacks mentioned ; above. Another object 1S ~o provlde a method and apparatus that can berepeatedly used5 is inexpensive and uses a propellant which does not require skill to handle.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a method of dispensing material~ comprising disposing material to be dispensed in a first sealed container within a first portion of a casing~ disposing a propellant in a second sealed container within a second portion of said casing~ closing ' .-37~
the casing, piercing the second container within the closed casing to permit the propellant within the second container to escape and to pressurize the first container, and dispensing said material from the first container to a point outside said casing.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for dispensing material, comprising a casing, a first sealed container of the material to be dispensed disposed within said casing, a second sealed container of propellant also disposed within said casing, means to close said casing9 means operable through said closed casing to pierce the second container thereby to apply the pressure of the propellant to the outside of said first container withou~ admixing the propellant with the material to be dispensed, and means to dispense said material from the interior of said first container under the pressure of said propellan* to a point outside said casing.
Preferably the first container is movable~in said casing under *he influence of the pressure of said propellant and the appara*us includes pier-cing means within the casing to pierce the first container when the first container moves toward the piercing means under the impe*us o:E said propellant,said dispensing means comprising a dispensing valve for dispensing material - from the pierced ~irst container.
In a preferred arrangement wall means separates said first and second containers within the casing, the propellant moving said wall means toward the first container when the second container is pierced and the propellant is released within the casing. ~;
By the method and apparatus according to the present invention powdered, gaseous and liquid materials can be effectively spread, atomized or pressed out without polluting environment. Compressed air or other similarly cheapg easy to sell gas can ~e used as propellant as it does not get into , , , , :
.
.
~37~æ
contact with the material to be dispensed. If desiredJ a two-component chemical system can also be used as propellant. There is no need for throwing away the pressure vessel after use, new tanks of propellant and material to be dispensed can be inserted into it, and the apparatus can be put in~o service again very simply. This way a new commercial amlly of goods can be developed incorpora-ting interchangeable members.
Different methods according to the present invention can be provided.
Basically however, a pressure vessel is used comprising a spreading nozzle with valve. The lower end cap of the vessel is removed, and the separate material tank is inserted into it, next to the spreading nozzle, and then the propellant tank is inserted in the vessel. The material tank is used for closing the path of the gas in the direction of the spreading nozzle. As the end cap is screwed on, the opening of the propellant tank is ensured by a pricking mechanism. The developed overpressure moves the material tank towards the spreading nozzle.
The spreading nozzle may be, for example, a valve comprising an inlet tube and the tube rips the wall of the taDk nnd as it sinks into the material tank at the same time, the opening of the valve enables spreading.
Alternatively~ the valve may be omitted so that when a pricker or other sharp member situated in the space of the material tank effectuates the ripping of the material tank in the pressure vessel, the material exits immediately in the desired directlon.
According to another method the pressure vessel is divided into two ~ parts and their sealing effectuates both the air-tight sealing of the pressure i~ ; vessel and the opening of the propellant tank. A movable dividing wall is effected between the two parts, and the dispensing nozzle of the material tank is covered with a layer of easily rippable material. In this way a dispensing device suited for single use with single assembly~ comprising a spreading ~' ~
,~ ~
~ -4-,~ ,,, ,, . .
~` ' - .
no~zle which is ripped by the overpressure developed by opening the propellant tank is obtained.
The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a cross-sectional view o a dispensing clevice according to the invention.
The apparatus comprises a pressure vessel 5 sealed on one side by a dispensing nozzle, a valve mechanismJ in this case comprising an exit tube 4, ?
a valve 3, and an atomizer 1 supported by a finger piece 2, and on the other side oy an end cap 13. The end cap 13 connects to the pressure vessel 5 *hrough packing 7 and is secured to the vessel with a screw thread, bayonet-lock ~not shown in the fig~re) or other appropriate mechanism. The end cap 13 comprises an evacuation valve 14 communicating with the internal space of the pressure vessel and a pricking mechanism comprising a pricker 6 and a push but-ton 8.
The steps of operating the apparatus of the present invention are prQ-vided as follows.
A material tank 9 containing a material 10 to be dispensed is inserted into the pressure vessel 5. The wall of the material tank 9 next to the end cap 13 is pressure-tight while its wall next to the spreading nozzle and to the valve mechanism, respectively, can be easily ripped. The wall next to the end cap 13 can be a stiff wall 15 or an elastic wrapper 15 bearing tightly against and guided by the inside wall of the pressure vessel (shown in the figure). After the material tank 9 has been inserted, a propellant tank 11 con-taining a propellant 12, for example~ compressed air, is inserted. The pressure vessel 5 is sealed by the end cap 13. After sealing the pricker 6 is . ~ .
pricked into the wall of the propellant tank 11 by pressing the push button 8.
The expanding propellant 12 presses the stiff wall 15 or the elastic wrapper 16 ~ -:: - , . . .
. .
~3~7~42 of the material tank 9 agains~ ~he wall of the pressure vessel 5 and hereby blocks its own further passage. As a result of the developed overpressure the material tank 9 moves towards the spreading nozzle and in this case it i5 pricked by the wall of the lnlet tube 4 whereupon a communication is effected between the spreading noz~le and the internal space of the material tank 9.
Upon opening the spreading nozzle by pressing fingerpiece 2 the material lO to be spread~ contained in the material tank 9 is forced by the overpressure to exit through the atomi~er l transformed into tiny drops. As the material tank 9 keeps deflating, the pressure moves the wall dividing the internal space of the pressure vessel 5 always more and more against the spreading nGzzle. As soon as the material tank is empty the propellant 12 left is removed by using the evacuation valve 14 and the deflated tanks in the pressure vessel 5 can be removed by opening the end cap 13 and can be replaced by new ones.
The method according to the present invention enables an effective " .
apparatus to be built with remarkably inexpensive, simply manufactured elements.The tanks can be thrown away after use; the propellant used can be s0lected from i~expensive gases which do not pollutc the environment; the apparatus is explosion- and fire-proof even when subjected to violent handling. The material tanks can be filled with materials of various kinds.
2a The apparatus and method according to the present invention provide prefabricated material tanks of pleasing and diversified ext~rior for dispensingand their content can be checked easily and without errors. It should be noted, that the material tank may contain the propellant tank for providing easier sale, transport and use. The invention results in a 50-80 per cent decrease in cost compared to the conventional constructions. The tank containers that are thrown away are very small and the apparatus pollu~es the environment much less than the previous constructions.
- :
:. .
~' :
.. - ~ , .
: . , : :
.
- ~ ~
:
' :
Claims (6)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of dispensing material, comprising disposing material to be dispensed in a first sealed container within a first portion of a casing, dis-posing a propellant in a second sealed container within a second portion of said casing, closing the casing, piercing the second container within the closed casing to permit the propellant within the second container to escape and to pressurize the first container, and dispensing said material from the first container to a point outside said casing.
2. Apparatus for dispensing material, comprising a casing, a first sealed container of the material to be dispensed disposed within said casing, a second sealed container of propellant also disposed within said casing, means to close said casing, means operable through said closed casing to pierce the second container thereby to apply the pressure of the propellant to the outside of said first container without admixing the propellant with the material to be dispensed, and means to dispense said material from the interior of said first container under the pressure of said propellant to a point outside said casing.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, in which said first container is movable in said casing under the influence of the pressure of said propellant, and including piercing means within the casing to pierce the first container when the first container moves toward the piercing means under the impetus of said propellant, said dispensing means comprising a dispensing valve for dispensing material from the pierced first container.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein wall means separates said first and second containers within the casing, the propellant moving said wall means toward the first container when the second container is pierced and the propellant is released within the casing,
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein said second container is movable with said wall means.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein an end closure cap is provided on the casing, said end closure cap being removable and said first and second containers being replaceably removable within said casing when the end closure cap is removed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000365425A CA1137042A (en) | 1980-11-25 | 1980-11-25 | Apparatus for and method of spreading gaseous, liquid and powdered materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000365425A CA1137042A (en) | 1980-11-25 | 1980-11-25 | Apparatus for and method of spreading gaseous, liquid and powdered materials |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1137042A true CA1137042A (en) | 1982-12-07 |
Family
ID=4118546
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000365425A Expired CA1137042A (en) | 1980-11-25 | 1980-11-25 | Apparatus for and method of spreading gaseous, liquid and powdered materials |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1137042A (en) |
-
1980
- 1980-11-25 CA CA000365425A patent/CA1137042A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |