CA1131878A - Ingot mould hot tops - Google Patents
Ingot mould hot topsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1131878A CA1131878A CA323,637A CA323637A CA1131878A CA 1131878 A CA1131878 A CA 1131878A CA 323637 A CA323637 A CA 323637A CA 1131878 A CA1131878 A CA 1131878A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- collar
- mould
- recess
- mould according
- ingot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102000012152 Securin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010061477 Securin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
An ingot mould having at its head a recess extending around the whole of the inner side and a cast iron ( or steel ) collar supported in the recess on the shoulder formed by the recess, the collar having an inner surface substantially aligned with that of the mould and an outer surface spaced from the recessed mould surface which space is filled with a thermally insulting material e.g. Kaowool. 'Hot top' moulds in accordance with this invention posses significant advantages in so far as the head assembly may last the life of the mould, but in any event substantial savings accrue because the conventional heat insulating tiles consumed with every ingot are not employed.
An ingot mould having at its head a recess extending around the whole of the inner side and a cast iron ( or steel ) collar supported in the recess on the shoulder formed by the recess, the collar having an inner surface substantially aligned with that of the mould and an outer surface spaced from the recessed mould surface which space is filled with a thermally insulting material e.g. Kaowool. 'Hot top' moulds in accordance with this invention posses significant advantages in so far as the head assembly may last the life of the mould, but in any event substantial savings accrue because the conventional heat insulating tiles consumed with every ingot are not employed.
Description
- ~L3~
This ~ nvention relates to iT.lgOt moulds and in particular lngot m:3uld hs~t topplng practice. Such practlc0 is adopted ill an e~ ort to malnta1 n a reservo-lr OI molten metal as long as possi ble whllst the ingot is solidIying.
In this manner the maximum amount of sound steel is produced because it restricts the ma~nitude OI piping, and impurity segregation is co~ ined to the top of the ingot .
From one aspect ~ the present invention provides an ingot o mould having at its llead a r0cess extellding a~ound the whole o~ the 1 nner side and a collar supported in the recess on the shoulder formed thereby, the collar having an inner surfac~ substantially aligned with that of the mould and an vuter surface spaced from the r~cessed mould sur~ace which space :Ls :e illed with a thermally insulating material.
The i~got mould~ togethcr with the recess and the collar may be re~tangular or circular in section, an~ the irmer wall may be fluted~ The mould may conventionally be made 2Q ~rom cast iron, the recess being machined, and the inner mould sur~ace defined by the recess may have protrusions in it for locati~g the collar, these protrusions lying mid-way along the side of t~e mould or at t~e corsers -: with a rectangular-section mould. Alterl~atively the collar may be located by a pin a~d slot arrangeme~tO The collar ~: may be made ~rom steel but i~ pre~erably made ~rom cast iro~;
it may be the same as, or dii~erent ~rom the composition o~ the mould a~d is pre~erably ~lake graphite or modi~ied iron - the mould may likewise be made ~rom modi~ied 1ake or spheroidal graphite iron. It may be shaped so as to ~3~8~78 po5sess 1additiollal' wall thickness ln those areas where the heat ~rom the solidlfy:lng ingot ls more intense.
The thermally insulating mat~rlal may ~e a ceramic ~lbre, e.g~ Kaowool or Saf~ Regd. Trad~ Mark) O
t~ot top~ moulds in accordance with thi~s invention possess signi~lcant advantages ln so far as the head assembly may last the li~e of the mould, but ln any event substantial savings accrue be~ause the convent~onal heat insulating tiles consumed w~th every ingot are not employed. Further 7 there is a marked improvement in ingot y~eld with no deterioration in internal quality.
In order that the invention may be fully understood two smbodimen~sthereof will now be described~ by way of e~ample, . with reference to the accompany ng draw~n~s, in which:-: 15 Figure 1 illustrates a plan view o~ an ingot mould according to this inventio~, ~igure 2 illustrates a section on II-II in ~igure 1.
Figure 3 illustrates a plan view with a different collar;and ~ 20 ~igure 4 illustrates a section on IV-IV in Figure 3 ; Referring now to the Fi~ures 1 and 2 in drawings, a rectangular section ingot mould 1 cast in modified flake graphite iron, which is tough and resist~nt to surface deterioration during thermal cycling~ has machined in its upper end a recess.
This recess is def ined by a wall sur~ace 2 which extends ~; around the whole of the inner side of the mould, and a shoulder 3.
The bottom corner 4 of the recess is pre-~erably curved as ShQWn SO as to mitigate thermal stresses in use. Mounted in 3~ the recess and supported on the shoulder is a rectangular sectionl eollar 5 cast in f 1akP graphite iron which has a high thermal conductivity and is reslstant to distortion. It is machined on its lower ~ace so 2S to mate closely with the shoulder 3, and lts upper ~ace is coterminous with the head of the moul~ 1. The lrlner sur~ace o~ the collar ali~n.s with the inller sur~ace o~ the mould so as to present a smvoth continuous profile.
The space between the collar and the wall sur~ace 2 o~ *he mould is filled with a ceramlc ~ibre blanket 7, e.g.
Kaowool or Sa~ll, whic~l is ~irmed into position ~rom above;
~his flbre may alternatlvely be in the ~orm o~ w~ol or loose ~ibres. The assembly may then be completed by securin~ c~ips (not shown~ over the top o~ the mould to hold the collar in place throughout the li~e o~ the mould.
Typical dimensions ~or a 3-tonne ingot may be 9 mould thickness lOOmm, thermally insulating slot width 25mm, collar thickness 25mm9 collar height 250mm.
This practice may be e~-~ected on either 'blg-end' 9 dowm or 'big-end9 up ingots a~d, in operation, as the level of molten steel ~8) rises to the head o~ the ingot the inset collar 5 acts QS a heat sink by reason of the insul~ti~g fibre backing. The rate o~ cooling of the head Q~ mol~en s$eel is thus sig~ificantly diminlshed by this meansj together with the conve~tional anEi-piping compounds dispensed orl to the upper surface 9 resultlng in maximis~ng the amount o~ sound steel produced as mentioned above. hn additional benefit as compare~ with hot top tiles secured around the top o~ the ingot mould is that ~here is less surface dressing with the present arrangement because o~ the compatibility o~ the ingot mould/collar materials - tile contamination is thus avoided.
Since the heat in-tensity ~rom the solidi:Eying ingot is greatest ml~way along the sides OI the ingot the collar may be shaped so as to provide additional 'bodyq in these arsas to lnhibit local meltlng and/or distortion.
Figllres 3 and 4 dep~ct such arl arrangement. The collar 10 ls shaped ln a manner which roughly aligrls with the isothermal contours to be expected so that pronou~ced bulges are appare~t at the mid-point 1. As be~ore the collar is supported on the shoulder 3 and the space between ;' the collar and the mould wall sur~ace 2 is Iilled with c~ramic Iib~e tnot shown). Plates 12 may be bolted over the h~ad o~ the ingot mould to hold the collar in place.
Practice according to thls invention has show~ that the assembly may readily last the liI e OI the mouldl with little or no special maintenance being required an~ that . provided a good seal ~s malntained between the lower end o~ the collar and the shoulder 3 there is no ~lash in this area; hanger cracks are avoided because the continuous;
mould/collar sur~ace ensures that at no time is the solidiIying contracting ingot suspended iErom a higher - ~ level.
Although this hot top practice has been described with re~erence $o the particular arrangements illustrate~
it is to be understood that various modi~ications may readily be made without dep~rting ~rom the scope o~ this lavention~ For ex~mple, the mould need not be cast in modiiied-~lake graphite iron, it could alternatively be spheroidal graphite iron or even Ilake graphite; the collar may l~kewise be made ~rom any o~ these materials or indeed any other materials, e.g. cast or plate steel, ~, provided they are compatible with the mould material and s~r~e the purpose described. Thinner section collars may also be utillsed consist0nt with providing a stabl0 shape with no dis-tortion.
The shape oi the collar generally conforms to the shape o~ the mould and likewise the shape of the recess is governed by the mould shape. Any convelliently machineable recess may be adopted avoiding in particular the ~orma~ion of sharp corners or other stress-raising ~eatures ~rom wbioh notch cracks may be propagated by reason o~ the thermal stresses lmposed in use, As mentioned the inner mvuld sur~ace de~îned by the recess may have collar-locating protrusions in lt and ~hese are depicted at the corners (9 ln Figure 1 by way o~ example; they may o~ course be sited elsewhere. These may indeed take the -~orm o~ separate.
inserts. In Figures 3 and 4 the collar location is e~ected by pins 13 depending irQm the collar into slots 1.4 where posltive location is desired. The location may alternatively be e~fected ~rom pins or the like on the securing clips or plates (12~
.~
This ~ nvention relates to iT.lgOt moulds and in particular lngot m:3uld hs~t topplng practice. Such practlc0 is adopted ill an e~ ort to malnta1 n a reservo-lr OI molten metal as long as possi ble whllst the ingot is solidIying.
In this manner the maximum amount of sound steel is produced because it restricts the ma~nitude OI piping, and impurity segregation is co~ ined to the top of the ingot .
From one aspect ~ the present invention provides an ingot o mould having at its llead a r0cess extellding a~ound the whole o~ the 1 nner side and a collar supported in the recess on the shoulder formed thereby, the collar having an inner surfac~ substantially aligned with that of the mould and an vuter surface spaced from the r~cessed mould sur~ace which space :Ls :e illed with a thermally insulating material.
The i~got mould~ togethcr with the recess and the collar may be re~tangular or circular in section, an~ the irmer wall may be fluted~ The mould may conventionally be made 2Q ~rom cast iron, the recess being machined, and the inner mould sur~ace defined by the recess may have protrusions in it for locati~g the collar, these protrusions lying mid-way along the side of t~e mould or at t~e corsers -: with a rectangular-section mould. Alterl~atively the collar may be located by a pin a~d slot arrangeme~tO The collar ~: may be made ~rom steel but i~ pre~erably made ~rom cast iro~;
it may be the same as, or dii~erent ~rom the composition o~ the mould a~d is pre~erably ~lake graphite or modi~ied iron - the mould may likewise be made ~rom modi~ied 1ake or spheroidal graphite iron. It may be shaped so as to ~3~8~78 po5sess 1additiollal' wall thickness ln those areas where the heat ~rom the solidlfy:lng ingot ls more intense.
The thermally insulating mat~rlal may ~e a ceramic ~lbre, e.g~ Kaowool or Saf~ Regd. Trad~ Mark) O
t~ot top~ moulds in accordance with thi~s invention possess signi~lcant advantages ln so far as the head assembly may last the li~e of the mould, but ln any event substantial savings accrue be~ause the convent~onal heat insulating tiles consumed w~th every ingot are not employed. Further 7 there is a marked improvement in ingot y~eld with no deterioration in internal quality.
In order that the invention may be fully understood two smbodimen~sthereof will now be described~ by way of e~ample, . with reference to the accompany ng draw~n~s, in which:-: 15 Figure 1 illustrates a plan view o~ an ingot mould according to this inventio~, ~igure 2 illustrates a section on II-II in ~igure 1.
Figure 3 illustrates a plan view with a different collar;and ~ 20 ~igure 4 illustrates a section on IV-IV in Figure 3 ; Referring now to the Fi~ures 1 and 2 in drawings, a rectangular section ingot mould 1 cast in modified flake graphite iron, which is tough and resist~nt to surface deterioration during thermal cycling~ has machined in its upper end a recess.
This recess is def ined by a wall sur~ace 2 which extends ~; around the whole of the inner side of the mould, and a shoulder 3.
The bottom corner 4 of the recess is pre-~erably curved as ShQWn SO as to mitigate thermal stresses in use. Mounted in 3~ the recess and supported on the shoulder is a rectangular sectionl eollar 5 cast in f 1akP graphite iron which has a high thermal conductivity and is reslstant to distortion. It is machined on its lower ~ace so 2S to mate closely with the shoulder 3, and lts upper ~ace is coterminous with the head of the moul~ 1. The lrlner sur~ace o~ the collar ali~n.s with the inller sur~ace o~ the mould so as to present a smvoth continuous profile.
The space between the collar and the wall sur~ace 2 o~ *he mould is filled with a ceramlc ~ibre blanket 7, e.g.
Kaowool or Sa~ll, whic~l is ~irmed into position ~rom above;
~his flbre may alternatlvely be in the ~orm o~ w~ol or loose ~ibres. The assembly may then be completed by securin~ c~ips (not shown~ over the top o~ the mould to hold the collar in place throughout the li~e o~ the mould.
Typical dimensions ~or a 3-tonne ingot may be 9 mould thickness lOOmm, thermally insulating slot width 25mm, collar thickness 25mm9 collar height 250mm.
This practice may be e~-~ected on either 'blg-end' 9 dowm or 'big-end9 up ingots a~d, in operation, as the level of molten steel ~8) rises to the head o~ the ingot the inset collar 5 acts QS a heat sink by reason of the insul~ti~g fibre backing. The rate o~ cooling of the head Q~ mol~en s$eel is thus sig~ificantly diminlshed by this meansj together with the conve~tional anEi-piping compounds dispensed orl to the upper surface 9 resultlng in maximis~ng the amount o~ sound steel produced as mentioned above. hn additional benefit as compare~ with hot top tiles secured around the top o~ the ingot mould is that ~here is less surface dressing with the present arrangement because o~ the compatibility o~ the ingot mould/collar materials - tile contamination is thus avoided.
Since the heat in-tensity ~rom the solidi:Eying ingot is greatest ml~way along the sides OI the ingot the collar may be shaped so as to provide additional 'bodyq in these arsas to lnhibit local meltlng and/or distortion.
Figllres 3 and 4 dep~ct such arl arrangement. The collar 10 ls shaped ln a manner which roughly aligrls with the isothermal contours to be expected so that pronou~ced bulges are appare~t at the mid-point 1. As be~ore the collar is supported on the shoulder 3 and the space between ;' the collar and the mould wall sur~ace 2 is Iilled with c~ramic Iib~e tnot shown). Plates 12 may be bolted over the h~ad o~ the ingot mould to hold the collar in place.
Practice according to thls invention has show~ that the assembly may readily last the liI e OI the mouldl with little or no special maintenance being required an~ that . provided a good seal ~s malntained between the lower end o~ the collar and the shoulder 3 there is no ~lash in this area; hanger cracks are avoided because the continuous;
mould/collar sur~ace ensures that at no time is the solidiIying contracting ingot suspended iErom a higher - ~ level.
Although this hot top practice has been described with re~erence $o the particular arrangements illustrate~
it is to be understood that various modi~ications may readily be made without dep~rting ~rom the scope o~ this lavention~ For ex~mple, the mould need not be cast in modiiied-~lake graphite iron, it could alternatively be spheroidal graphite iron or even Ilake graphite; the collar may l~kewise be made ~rom any o~ these materials or indeed any other materials, e.g. cast or plate steel, ~, provided they are compatible with the mould material and s~r~e the purpose described. Thinner section collars may also be utillsed consist0nt with providing a stabl0 shape with no dis-tortion.
The shape oi the collar generally conforms to the shape o~ the mould and likewise the shape of the recess is governed by the mould shape. Any convelliently machineable recess may be adopted avoiding in particular the ~orma~ion of sharp corners or other stress-raising ~eatures ~rom wbioh notch cracks may be propagated by reason o~ the thermal stresses lmposed in use, As mentioned the inner mvuld sur~ace de~îned by the recess may have collar-locating protrusions in lt and ~hese are depicted at the corners (9 ln Figure 1 by way o~ example; they may o~ course be sited elsewhere. These may indeed take the -~orm o~ separate.
inserts. In Figures 3 and 4 the collar location is e~ected by pins 13 depending irQm the collar into slots 1.4 where posltive location is desired. The location may alternatively be e~fected ~rom pins or the like on the securing clips or plates (12~
.~
Claims (11)
1. An ingot mould having at its head a recess extending around the whole of the inner side and a collar supported in the recess on the shoulder formed thereby, the collar having an inner surface substantially aligned with that of the mould and an outer surface spaced from the recessed mould material.
2. A mould according to claim 1 which, together with the recess and collar, is circular in cross-section.
3. A mould according to claim 1 which, together with the recess and collar, is generally rectangular in cross-section.
4. A mould according to claim 3, where the collar thickness is greater mid-way along its sides than at its corners.
5. A mould according to claim 4, wherein the sides of the collar are shaped in a manner which generally aligns with the isothermal contours manifested during casting.
6. A mould according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the collar is located by protrusions on the collar or the recessed mould surface which abut the latter surface or the collar, respectively.
7. A mould according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the collar is located by a mating pin and slot arrangement between the collar and the mould.
8. A cast iron ingot mould having at its head a recess extending around the whole of the inner side and a collar supported in the recess on the shoulder formed thereby, the collar having an inner surface substantially aligned with that of the mould and an outer surface spaced from the recessed mould surface which space is filled with ceramic fibre material.
9. A mould according to claim 8, wherein the collar is made from spheroidal graphite iron or cast or plate steel.
10. A mould according to claim 9, wherein the mould together with the recess and the collar, is generally rectangular in cross-section, and wherein the sides of the collar are shaped in a manner which generally aligns with the iso-thermal contours during casting whereby the sides are thicker mid-way along their length than adjacent the corners.
11. mould according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the collar is retained by a plate extending over it and secured to the head of the mould.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB10487/78 | 1978-03-16 | ||
| GB1048778 | 1978-03-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1131878A true CA1131878A (en) | 1982-09-21 |
Family
ID=9968753
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA323,637A Expired CA1131878A (en) | 1978-03-16 | 1979-03-15 | Ingot mould hot tops |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1131878A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2910465A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2021456B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7902308L (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3109602C2 (en) * | 1981-01-31 | 1983-01-13 | Klöckner-Werke AG, 4100 Duisburg | Method and apparatus for making clad blocks |
| CN104308097B (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2017-04-05 | 江苏联峰能源装备有限公司 | Improve the ingot mould of ingot quality and utilization rate |
| CN105033198B (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-05-10 | 北京北冶功能材料有限公司 | Compound casting mould capable of preventing alloy ingots from generating casting shrinkage cavities |
-
1979
- 1979-03-15 SE SE7902308A patent/SE7902308L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-03-15 CA CA323,637A patent/CA1131878A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-03-16 GB GB7909345A patent/GB2021456B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-03-16 DE DE19792910465 patent/DE2910465A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2021456A (en) | 1979-12-05 |
| DE2910465A1 (en) | 1979-09-27 |
| GB2021456B (en) | 1982-04-07 |
| SE7902308L (en) | 1979-09-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |