CA1129604A - Method of producing fluffed pulp - Google Patents
Method of producing fluffed pulpInfo
- Publication number
- CA1129604A CA1129604A CA332,209A CA332209A CA1129604A CA 1129604 A CA1129604 A CA 1129604A CA 332209 A CA332209 A CA 332209A CA 1129604 A CA1129604 A CA 1129604A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- acid ester
- cellulose pulp
- composition
- carbon atoms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/001—Modification of pulp properties
- D21C9/002—Modification of pulp properties by chemical means; preparation of dewatered pulp, e.g. in sheet or bulk form, containing special additives
- D21C9/005—Modification of pulp properties by chemical means; preparation of dewatered pulp, e.g. in sheet or bulk form, containing special additives organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/20—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing organic materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
- Y10S516/07—Organic amine, amide, or n-base containing
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The invention relates to a composition and method for the production of absorbent cellulose pulp, so-called fluff. By using certain nonionic fatty acid esters in combination with cationic retention agents, good disin-tegration properties of the cellulose pulp is obtained and the fluff which is obtained after dry-?fibration has fast liquid absorption.
The esters, which are used, are partial fatty acid esters of poly-valent alcohols, and as cationic retention agents for example quarternary ammonium compounds can be used.
The invention relates to a composition and method for the production of absorbent cellulose pulp, so-called fluff. By using certain nonionic fatty acid esters in combination with cationic retention agents, good disin-tegration properties of the cellulose pulp is obtained and the fluff which is obtained after dry-?fibration has fast liquid absorption.
The esters, which are used, are partial fatty acid esters of poly-valent alcohols, and as cationic retention agents for example quarternary ammonium compounds can be used.
Description
9~0~
The present invention relates to a method of producing cellulose pulp, which by dry-disintegration gives so-called fluff, having go~d liquid absorp~io~
and short absorption times.
Absorbent cellulose products are produoe d by dry-defibration of oe llu-lose pulp to form fluff, which is used in e.g. sanitary products, such as diapers and sanitary napkins. For this purpose the oe llulose pulp should have a low mechanical strength, in order to make it possible to separate the fibres from each other without destroying them, and in order to reduce the energy ne oessary for the disintegration. The fluff which is ob-tained a~ter the dry-disintegration should have good liquid absorption capacity and short absorptiontime.
It is knawn to use cationic surfaoe-active agents, such as quaternary ammonium compounds, for reducing the bonds between the oe llulose fibres. mese compounds CRntain one or several long fatty chains, and thus give a considerable impairment of the water absorp~ion time. Further disadvantages of the quatern-ary ammonium compounds a~e that they usually have a chloride ion as anion which gives rise to corrosion damage on equipment, and that they often reduce the brightness of the fluff.
It is also known to add nonionic substan oe s to cellulose pulp in order to reduce the bonding foroes. According to Swedish patent application No.
1491~/68, laid open to public inspection on May 5th, 1970, nonionic subst~noes, which are ethoxylated or propoxylated aliphatic alcohols or alkyl phenols, are used. Swedish patent application No. 7507270-2, laid open on December 25th, 1976, discloses a prncess wherein aIkoxylated aliphatic alcohols are used in combina-tion with quaternary ammanium compounds as retention agents.
According to the present invention, it has been found, that an exoe l lent effect with respect to the properties, which are essential for the produc-tion of fluff, and for the fluff itself, is obtained by using oe rnonionic fatty acid esters in combination with cationic retention agents.
~.
~:~29~
According to the invention, nonionic compounds are used for the pro-duction of absorbent cellulose pulp fluff, which compounds consist of partial fatty acid esters of polyvalent alcohols having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or anhydrides of these, or polyethylene or polypropylene glycols having molecular weights of up to 500.
Thus the present invention provides: A composition for producing absorbent cellulose pulp fluff, which composition comprises a cationic reten-tion agent and a nonionic compound selected from the group consisting of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyvalen~ alcohol having 2 to 8 carbon atoms or an anhydride thereof, and a partial fatty acid ester of polyethylene or polypropylene glycol having molecular weights of up to 500.
The nonionic compounds themselves have a very low affinity to cell-ulose ibres, but by employing a cationic compound as a retention agent for the nonionic compounds their positive effect on the disintegration energy and on the liquid absorption time can be developed. The combination of the particular nonionic compound and a cationic retention agent provides for the production of 1uff and ~ith an appropriate and essential combination of properties, i.e. good disintegration properties and short water absorption The satisfactory effect is obtained synergistically, when the com-pounds are used in concentrations which individually would not give a corres-ponding efect. Fluff produced according to the invention shows a good brightness and good liquid absorption capacity. The fast liquid absorption remains essentially unchanged on aging.
The nonionic compound, which is used according to the invention, and which is the mai:n 1uf chemical, is a partial fatty acid ester of alcohols, as previously defined, and ls thus a fatty acid ester containing at least one free hydroxyl group.
' ` , ' :
. ' ' , .
.
~ 7~ ?~
The fat-ty acid part of the esters consists of a saturated or unsat-urated fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably lO to 18 carbon atoms. As examples of suitable fatty acids can be mentioned lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid.
Suitable polyvalent alcohols, or anhydrides thereof, for forming esters with the fatty acids, comprise ethylene glycol, glycerol, diglycerol and higher glycerols, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, xylitol, erytritol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sorbitan and polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols of molecular weights of up to 500.
Commercially available esters of glycerol and other higher alcohols are generally mixtures of mono- and diesters and higher esters, and they do also differ with respect to the position of the esterified hydroxyl groups.
Sorbitan esters and ethoxylated sorbitan esters are also usually mixtures of partial esters of sorbitol and its anhydride. Nonionic compounds, which are mixtures of esters are of course within the scope of the invention. As exam-ples of sorbitan esters, which can be used according to the present invention can be mentioned those ~hich are commercia:lly available among other names under that of SpanR and the ethoxylated derivatives of the trade name TweenR.
As examples of suitable ~atty acid esters can be mentioned glycerol mono-stearate, glycerol monooleate, sorbîtan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate, diethylene glycol monostearate, diethylene glycol monooleate, propylene glycol monooleate.
The preferred nonionic compounds are the fatty acids of alcohols, containing at least one ether group, such as the fatty acid esters of dieth-ylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol. Especially preferred are the fatty acid esters of diethylene glycol.
The fatty acid esters are used in combination with cationic reten-' :
~9~14 tion agents and, of the total amount-of addednDnioni and cationic compounds, the amount of cationic compounds should be within the range of 2 to 30 per cent by weight, preferably within the range of 5 to 15 per cent by weight.
In the production of fluffed pulp, the total amount of nonionic and cationic compounds added to the cellulose should be within the range of 0.05 to 2 per cent by weight, and preferably within the range of 0.1 to 0.8 per cent by weight, based on dry cellulose. The addition can be made to a suspension of cellulose pulp which is preferred, but it can also be made during the formation of a sheet or web material. The nonionic andclcationic compounds can further be(ladded to the aggregates of fibres, which are obtained in some of those processes, which utilize so-called flashdrying. The cellu-lose pulp which has been treated according to the invention is subsequently dry-disintegrated in a manner known per se.
Quaternary ammonium compounds or tertiary amines, contain2ng at least one higher aliphatic hydrocarbon group, i.e. a straight or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl group with 8 to ~0 carbon atoms, are used as retention agents. The higher aliphatic hdydrocarbon residue is preferably an alkyl group. The retention agents can be used each individ-ually or combined wlth each other.
Quaternary monoammonium compounds are preferred as retention agents and these compounds can be characterized by the general formula :' 1 ~3 9 R - N - R X
R
wherein at least one of the groups R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue with 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and the other substituents, independent of each other, are alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl groups, (C2H40)nH
or ~C3H60) H in which n = 1 - 6, preferably n = 1. The total number of ethy-, ~ :
O ~
lene oxide or propylene oxide groups in the molecule should, however, not exceed 10. The preferred anion is chloride, but this can, of course, be replaced by any other anion, such as bromide-, ethyl sulphate ion, etc. As examples of suitable quaternary ammonium compounds can be mentioned octyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dioctyl dlmethyl ammonium chloride, decyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, didecyl benzyl methyl ammonium chloride, octadecyl trimethylammonium chloride, cetyl trlmethyl ammonium bromide.
In the quaternary ammonium compounds of the above formula, the group or the groups, which contain a higher aliphatic hydrocarbon residue. May also be substituted with ethylene oxide groups.
The retention agents can further be tertiary amines, whereby is understood as we:Ll tertiary mono- as di- and polyamines. The mono- and diamines are however, preferred. The amines can be present as free amines or in the form of salts, e.g. in the form of hydrochlorides.
Tertiary monoamines have the general formula (R)3N, wherein at least one group ls an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue with 8 to 20 carbon atoms and the other substituents are lower alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or the groups ~C21140)nH or (C3H60)nH, where n = 1 - 6, preferably n = 1.
The number of such groups in each molecule should however not exceed 10.
The higher aliphatic group or groups of the amines can also contain ether bonds. As examples of amines can be mentioned decyl dimethyl amine, didecyl methyl amine, cetyl-di-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amine, alkyl-3-oxypropyl-dimethyl amine.
The di- and poly amines can be characterized by the general formula : R _ _ /R
/ N - - (CH2);m - N - _ (CH2)m - N \
.~ R p -5~
L l ~
where, in a corresponding manner, the higher aliphatic group or groups may contain ether linkages and the other substituents, independent of each other, are lower alkyl groups or (C21140) H or (C3H60) H, wherein n = 1 - 6, prefer-ably 1. m is 2 to 6 and P is 0,1 or hlgher. Some examples of suitable diamines are N - stearyl - N - hydroxyethyl, N - di(2-hydroxyethyl) - 1~3 propanediamine dihydrochloride, N-decyl-N-hydroxypropyl, N-di (hydroxypropyl) propanediamine dihydrochloride.
The diamines and polyamines can also be partly or completely quater-nized with common quaternizing agents, such as methyl chloride, benzyl chloride and diethyl sulphate.
The invention also relates to a composition for the preparation of absorbent cellulose pulp, which composition consists of a mixture of a partial fatty acid ester of diethylene glycol and a quaternary ammonium compound, containing at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon group, having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, whereby the amount of quaternary ammonium compound is within the range of 2 to 30 per cent by weigllt, based on the mixture, preferably within the range of 5 to 15 percent by weight.
The invention is further illustrated in the following example.
_X~3_LE 1 A mixture of dietllylene glycol mono-oleate and didecyl methyl benzyl ammon;um chloride in a weight ratio of 9:1 was added to a suspension of 1 % bleached sulphate pulp. The pH of the suspension was 7. Sheets were formed in a laboratory sheet machine in the usual manner. After drying, the sheets were examined with respect to mechanical strength, burst index accord-ing to SCAN-P-24:68 and water absorption time. The water absorption time was measured according to a method, where the time is determined for absorption of distilled water in a fluff column of 4.0 grams, which has been compressed to a height of 3.5 cm in a test cylinder, having a diameter of 4.9 cm.
The results are shown .in the table below. The defibration energy for the reference was 120 kWh/ton. This was set as 100 % and the defibration energy, when using the combination according to the invention, was expressed with repsect hereto.
% added product, Water absorption Burst Defibration based on dry pulp time, sec. Index energy, %
Reference 8.2 27.5 100 ~no addition) 0.3 9.9 16.9 68 0.6 10.5 10.6 51 As is evident from the table the invention gave products, having both low mechanical strength and fast water absorption.
_X_MPLE 2 To a suspension of 1 % bleached sulphate pulp having a pll of 7 different combinations of nonionic compounds and cationic retention agents according to the invention were added. The following combinations were tested:
a) A mixture of mon~leate of a polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 200 and didodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in a weigh~ ratio of 9:1.
b~ A mixture of a monooleate of a polyethylene glycol having a mole-cular weight of 200 and didecyl methylamine in a weight ratio of 9:1.
c) A mixture of sorbitan monolaurate and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in a weight ratio of 9:1.
d) A mixture of monolaurate of a polyethylene glycol having a mole-cular weight of 400 and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in a weigllt ratio of 9:1.
Sheets l~ere formed in a laboratory sheet machine in the usual manner. After drying, the sheets were examined with respect tommechanical strength, burst index according to SCAN-~-24:68 and water absorption time.
The water absorption time was measured according to a method, where the time is determined for absorption of distilled water in a fluff column of 4.0 grams, whlch ~las been compressed to a height of 3.5 cm in a test cylinder, having a diameter of 4.9 cm. The easiness with which tlle produced sheets were de-~iberized was estimated by finger tearing.
The results are shown in the table below.
Added product, % Water absorption Burst Fiberi~ation based on dry pulp time, sec. Index Reference 8.4 28.6 not acceptable ~no addition) 0.3 10.4 15.4 acceptable a 0.6 11.8 11.5 good 0.9 12.4 7.7 good b 0.9 11.7 15.0 acceptable c 0.9 11.9 15.5 acceptable 0.3 11.1 15.6 acceptable d 0.6 11.6 12.4 acceptable 0.9 12.0 11.1 good
The present invention relates to a method of producing cellulose pulp, which by dry-disintegration gives so-called fluff, having go~d liquid absorp~io~
and short absorption times.
Absorbent cellulose products are produoe d by dry-defibration of oe llu-lose pulp to form fluff, which is used in e.g. sanitary products, such as diapers and sanitary napkins. For this purpose the oe llulose pulp should have a low mechanical strength, in order to make it possible to separate the fibres from each other without destroying them, and in order to reduce the energy ne oessary for the disintegration. The fluff which is ob-tained a~ter the dry-disintegration should have good liquid absorption capacity and short absorptiontime.
It is knawn to use cationic surfaoe-active agents, such as quaternary ammonium compounds, for reducing the bonds between the oe llulose fibres. mese compounds CRntain one or several long fatty chains, and thus give a considerable impairment of the water absorp~ion time. Further disadvantages of the quatern-ary ammonium compounds a~e that they usually have a chloride ion as anion which gives rise to corrosion damage on equipment, and that they often reduce the brightness of the fluff.
It is also known to add nonionic substan oe s to cellulose pulp in order to reduce the bonding foroes. According to Swedish patent application No.
1491~/68, laid open to public inspection on May 5th, 1970, nonionic subst~noes, which are ethoxylated or propoxylated aliphatic alcohols or alkyl phenols, are used. Swedish patent application No. 7507270-2, laid open on December 25th, 1976, discloses a prncess wherein aIkoxylated aliphatic alcohols are used in combina-tion with quaternary ammanium compounds as retention agents.
According to the present invention, it has been found, that an exoe l lent effect with respect to the properties, which are essential for the produc-tion of fluff, and for the fluff itself, is obtained by using oe rnonionic fatty acid esters in combination with cationic retention agents.
~.
~:~29~
According to the invention, nonionic compounds are used for the pro-duction of absorbent cellulose pulp fluff, which compounds consist of partial fatty acid esters of polyvalent alcohols having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or anhydrides of these, or polyethylene or polypropylene glycols having molecular weights of up to 500.
Thus the present invention provides: A composition for producing absorbent cellulose pulp fluff, which composition comprises a cationic reten-tion agent and a nonionic compound selected from the group consisting of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyvalen~ alcohol having 2 to 8 carbon atoms or an anhydride thereof, and a partial fatty acid ester of polyethylene or polypropylene glycol having molecular weights of up to 500.
The nonionic compounds themselves have a very low affinity to cell-ulose ibres, but by employing a cationic compound as a retention agent for the nonionic compounds their positive effect on the disintegration energy and on the liquid absorption time can be developed. The combination of the particular nonionic compound and a cationic retention agent provides for the production of 1uff and ~ith an appropriate and essential combination of properties, i.e. good disintegration properties and short water absorption The satisfactory effect is obtained synergistically, when the com-pounds are used in concentrations which individually would not give a corres-ponding efect. Fluff produced according to the invention shows a good brightness and good liquid absorption capacity. The fast liquid absorption remains essentially unchanged on aging.
The nonionic compound, which is used according to the invention, and which is the mai:n 1uf chemical, is a partial fatty acid ester of alcohols, as previously defined, and ls thus a fatty acid ester containing at least one free hydroxyl group.
' ` , ' :
. ' ' , .
.
~ 7~ ?~
The fat-ty acid part of the esters consists of a saturated or unsat-urated fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably lO to 18 carbon atoms. As examples of suitable fatty acids can be mentioned lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid.
Suitable polyvalent alcohols, or anhydrides thereof, for forming esters with the fatty acids, comprise ethylene glycol, glycerol, diglycerol and higher glycerols, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, xylitol, erytritol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sorbitan and polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols of molecular weights of up to 500.
Commercially available esters of glycerol and other higher alcohols are generally mixtures of mono- and diesters and higher esters, and they do also differ with respect to the position of the esterified hydroxyl groups.
Sorbitan esters and ethoxylated sorbitan esters are also usually mixtures of partial esters of sorbitol and its anhydride. Nonionic compounds, which are mixtures of esters are of course within the scope of the invention. As exam-ples of sorbitan esters, which can be used according to the present invention can be mentioned those ~hich are commercia:lly available among other names under that of SpanR and the ethoxylated derivatives of the trade name TweenR.
As examples of suitable ~atty acid esters can be mentioned glycerol mono-stearate, glycerol monooleate, sorbîtan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate, diethylene glycol monostearate, diethylene glycol monooleate, propylene glycol monooleate.
The preferred nonionic compounds are the fatty acids of alcohols, containing at least one ether group, such as the fatty acid esters of dieth-ylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol. Especially preferred are the fatty acid esters of diethylene glycol.
The fatty acid esters are used in combination with cationic reten-' :
~9~14 tion agents and, of the total amount-of addednDnioni and cationic compounds, the amount of cationic compounds should be within the range of 2 to 30 per cent by weight, preferably within the range of 5 to 15 per cent by weight.
In the production of fluffed pulp, the total amount of nonionic and cationic compounds added to the cellulose should be within the range of 0.05 to 2 per cent by weight, and preferably within the range of 0.1 to 0.8 per cent by weight, based on dry cellulose. The addition can be made to a suspension of cellulose pulp which is preferred, but it can also be made during the formation of a sheet or web material. The nonionic andclcationic compounds can further be(ladded to the aggregates of fibres, which are obtained in some of those processes, which utilize so-called flashdrying. The cellu-lose pulp which has been treated according to the invention is subsequently dry-disintegrated in a manner known per se.
Quaternary ammonium compounds or tertiary amines, contain2ng at least one higher aliphatic hydrocarbon group, i.e. a straight or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl group with 8 to ~0 carbon atoms, are used as retention agents. The higher aliphatic hdydrocarbon residue is preferably an alkyl group. The retention agents can be used each individ-ually or combined wlth each other.
Quaternary monoammonium compounds are preferred as retention agents and these compounds can be characterized by the general formula :' 1 ~3 9 R - N - R X
R
wherein at least one of the groups R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue with 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and the other substituents, independent of each other, are alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl groups, (C2H40)nH
or ~C3H60) H in which n = 1 - 6, preferably n = 1. The total number of ethy-, ~ :
O ~
lene oxide or propylene oxide groups in the molecule should, however, not exceed 10. The preferred anion is chloride, but this can, of course, be replaced by any other anion, such as bromide-, ethyl sulphate ion, etc. As examples of suitable quaternary ammonium compounds can be mentioned octyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dioctyl dlmethyl ammonium chloride, decyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, didecyl benzyl methyl ammonium chloride, octadecyl trimethylammonium chloride, cetyl trlmethyl ammonium bromide.
In the quaternary ammonium compounds of the above formula, the group or the groups, which contain a higher aliphatic hydrocarbon residue. May also be substituted with ethylene oxide groups.
The retention agents can further be tertiary amines, whereby is understood as we:Ll tertiary mono- as di- and polyamines. The mono- and diamines are however, preferred. The amines can be present as free amines or in the form of salts, e.g. in the form of hydrochlorides.
Tertiary monoamines have the general formula (R)3N, wherein at least one group ls an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue with 8 to 20 carbon atoms and the other substituents are lower alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or the groups ~C21140)nH or (C3H60)nH, where n = 1 - 6, preferably n = 1.
The number of such groups in each molecule should however not exceed 10.
The higher aliphatic group or groups of the amines can also contain ether bonds. As examples of amines can be mentioned decyl dimethyl amine, didecyl methyl amine, cetyl-di-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amine, alkyl-3-oxypropyl-dimethyl amine.
The di- and poly amines can be characterized by the general formula : R _ _ /R
/ N - - (CH2);m - N - _ (CH2)m - N \
.~ R p -5~
L l ~
where, in a corresponding manner, the higher aliphatic group or groups may contain ether linkages and the other substituents, independent of each other, are lower alkyl groups or (C21140) H or (C3H60) H, wherein n = 1 - 6, prefer-ably 1. m is 2 to 6 and P is 0,1 or hlgher. Some examples of suitable diamines are N - stearyl - N - hydroxyethyl, N - di(2-hydroxyethyl) - 1~3 propanediamine dihydrochloride, N-decyl-N-hydroxypropyl, N-di (hydroxypropyl) propanediamine dihydrochloride.
The diamines and polyamines can also be partly or completely quater-nized with common quaternizing agents, such as methyl chloride, benzyl chloride and diethyl sulphate.
The invention also relates to a composition for the preparation of absorbent cellulose pulp, which composition consists of a mixture of a partial fatty acid ester of diethylene glycol and a quaternary ammonium compound, containing at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon group, having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, whereby the amount of quaternary ammonium compound is within the range of 2 to 30 per cent by weigllt, based on the mixture, preferably within the range of 5 to 15 percent by weight.
The invention is further illustrated in the following example.
_X~3_LE 1 A mixture of dietllylene glycol mono-oleate and didecyl methyl benzyl ammon;um chloride in a weight ratio of 9:1 was added to a suspension of 1 % bleached sulphate pulp. The pH of the suspension was 7. Sheets were formed in a laboratory sheet machine in the usual manner. After drying, the sheets were examined with respect to mechanical strength, burst index accord-ing to SCAN-P-24:68 and water absorption time. The water absorption time was measured according to a method, where the time is determined for absorption of distilled water in a fluff column of 4.0 grams, which has been compressed to a height of 3.5 cm in a test cylinder, having a diameter of 4.9 cm.
The results are shown .in the table below. The defibration energy for the reference was 120 kWh/ton. This was set as 100 % and the defibration energy, when using the combination according to the invention, was expressed with repsect hereto.
% added product, Water absorption Burst Defibration based on dry pulp time, sec. Index energy, %
Reference 8.2 27.5 100 ~no addition) 0.3 9.9 16.9 68 0.6 10.5 10.6 51 As is evident from the table the invention gave products, having both low mechanical strength and fast water absorption.
_X_MPLE 2 To a suspension of 1 % bleached sulphate pulp having a pll of 7 different combinations of nonionic compounds and cationic retention agents according to the invention were added. The following combinations were tested:
a) A mixture of mon~leate of a polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 200 and didodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in a weigh~ ratio of 9:1.
b~ A mixture of a monooleate of a polyethylene glycol having a mole-cular weight of 200 and didecyl methylamine in a weight ratio of 9:1.
c) A mixture of sorbitan monolaurate and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in a weight ratio of 9:1.
d) A mixture of monolaurate of a polyethylene glycol having a mole-cular weight of 400 and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in a weigllt ratio of 9:1.
Sheets l~ere formed in a laboratory sheet machine in the usual manner. After drying, the sheets were examined with respect tommechanical strength, burst index according to SCAN-~-24:68 and water absorption time.
The water absorption time was measured according to a method, where the time is determined for absorption of distilled water in a fluff column of 4.0 grams, whlch ~las been compressed to a height of 3.5 cm in a test cylinder, having a diameter of 4.9 cm. The easiness with which tlle produced sheets were de-~iberized was estimated by finger tearing.
The results are shown in the table below.
Added product, % Water absorption Burst Fiberi~ation based on dry pulp time, sec. Index Reference 8.4 28.6 not acceptable ~no addition) 0.3 10.4 15.4 acceptable a 0.6 11.8 11.5 good 0.9 12.4 7.7 good b 0.9 11.7 15.0 acceptable c 0.9 11.9 15.5 acceptable 0.3 11.1 15.6 acceptable d 0.6 11.6 12.4 acceptable 0.9 12.0 11.1 good
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A composition for producing absorbent cellulose pulp fluff, which composition comprises a cationic retention agent and a non-ionic compound selected from the group consisting of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyvalent alcohol having 2 to 8 carbon atoms or an anhydride thereof, and a partial fatty acid ester of polyethylene or polypropylene glycol having molecular weights of up to 500.
2. A composition for producing absorbent cellulose pulp fluff according to claim 1, which composition comprises a mixture of a partial fatty acid ester of diethylene glycol and a quaternary monoammonium compound, containing at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon group, having 8 to 0 carbon atoms, wherein the amount of the quarternary ammonium compound is 2 to 30 per cent by weight.
3. A method for producing absorbent cellulose pulp fluff, using a composition which comprises a cationic retention agent and a nonionic compound selected from the group consisting of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyvalent alcohol having 2 to 8 carbon atoms or an anhydride thereof, and a partial fatty acid ester of poly-ethylene or polypropylene glycol having molecular weights of up to 500, in which the nonionic compound is for reducing the bonding forces between cellulose fibres of a cellulose pulp, said composition being added to the cellulose pulp in an amount within the range of 0.05 to 2% by weight, based on dry cellulose, which is then dried.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the nonionic compound is a fatty acid ester of diethylene glycol.
5. A method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the fatty acid ester is used in combination with a quaternary ammonium compound, containing at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon group, having 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7808056-1 | 1978-07-21 | ||
| SE7808056A SE425512B (en) | 1978-07-21 | 1978-07-21 | SET FOR THE PREPARATION OF ABSORPENT CELLULOSAMAS USING NONJONIC SUBSTANCES AND CATIONIC RETENTION AGENTS AND MEANS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SET |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1129604A true CA1129604A (en) | 1982-08-17 |
Family
ID=20335488
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA332,209A Expired CA1129604A (en) | 1978-07-21 | 1979-07-20 | Method of producing fluffed pulp |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4303471A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1129604A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2929512C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES482689A0 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI62877C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2431569A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO154314C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE425512B (en) |
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| US4441962A (en) * | 1980-10-15 | 1984-04-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Soft, absorbent tissue paper |
| DE3044631A1 (en) * | 1980-11-27 | 1982-06-03 | Fa. Carl Freudenberg, 6940 Weinheim | Nonwoven fabric with wicks |
| EP0116512A1 (en) * | 1983-02-10 | 1984-08-22 | Sherex Chemical Company, Inc. | Fiber debonder formulation comprising diamido quaternary ammonium compound and alkoxylated fatty acid |
| GR81673B (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1984-12-12 | Personal Products Co | |
| DE3416043C2 (en) * | 1984-04-30 | 1986-12-04 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Use of carboxylic acid esters or polyethers in the manufacture of paper, especially dry or wet creped papers |
| US4698259A (en) * | 1985-08-21 | 1987-10-06 | Hervey Laurence R B | Use of oxonated poly(alkylene oxides) as surface treatment agents |
| US4766030A (en) * | 1985-08-21 | 1988-08-23 | Hervey Laurence R B | Oxonated poly(alkylene oxide) surface treatment agents |
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| US5635028A (en) * | 1995-04-19 | 1997-06-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making soft creped tissue paper and product therefrom |
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| US5776308A (en) * | 1996-10-10 | 1998-07-07 | Rayonier Research Center | Method of softening pulp and pulp products produced by same |
| US6159335A (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 2000-12-12 | Buckeye Technologies Inc. | Method for treating pulp to reduce disintegration energy |
| EP0896046A1 (en) * | 1997-08-06 | 1999-02-10 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | A Composition for treatment of cellulosic material |
| EP0896045A1 (en) | 1997-08-06 | 1999-02-10 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | A composition for treatment of cellulosic material |
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| US6344109B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2002-02-05 | Bki Holding Corporation | Softened comminution pulp |
| US6376011B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2002-04-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for preparing superabsorbent-containing composites |
| US6409883B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2002-06-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Methods of making fiber bundles and fibrous structures |
| US6387495B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2002-05-14 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Superabsorbent-containing composites |
| US6310268B1 (en) | 1999-09-29 | 2001-10-30 | Rayonier Products And Financial Services Company | Non-ionic plasticizer additives for wood pulps and absorbent cores |
| JP3810986B2 (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2006-08-16 | 花王株式会社 | Paper-making paper quality improver |
| US7147752B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2006-12-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Hydrophilic fibers containing substantive polysiloxanes and tissue products made therefrom |
| US7811948B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2010-10-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue sheets containing multiple polysiloxanes and having regions of varying hydrophobicity |
| US7186318B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2007-03-06 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Soft tissue hydrophilic tissue products containing polysiloxane and having unique absorbent properties |
| US7479578B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2009-01-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Highly wettable—highly flexible fluff fibers and disposable absorbent products made of those |
| US7854822B2 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2010-12-21 | Rayonier Trs Holdings Inc. | Plasticizing formulation for fluff pulp and plasticized fluff pulp products made therefrom |
| PL2206523T3 (en) | 2009-01-13 | 2012-11-30 | Rohm & Haas | Treated cellulosic fibers and absorbent articles made from them |
| US10214858B2 (en) | 2017-04-13 | 2019-02-26 | Rayonier Performance Fibers, Llc | Cellulosic material with antimicrobial and defiberization properties |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE309154B (en) * | 1965-08-24 | 1969-03-10 | Mo Och Domsjoe Ab | |
| SE339616B (en) * | 1968-12-27 | 1971-10-11 | Korsnaes Marma Ab | |
| US3930933A (en) * | 1970-11-25 | 1976-01-06 | Riegel Textile Corporation | Debonded cellulose fiber pulp sheet and method for producing same |
| DE2254120A1 (en) * | 1972-11-04 | 1974-05-16 | Pelz & Co Kg W | Absorbent fibrous wadding for medical purposes - contains cation-active and ionogenic emulsifiers with good wetting capacity |
-
1978
- 1978-07-21 SE SE7808056A patent/SE425512B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1979
- 1979-07-11 FI FI792168A patent/FI62877C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-07-20 ES ES482689A patent/ES482689A0/en active Granted
- 1979-07-20 US US06/059,451 patent/US4303471A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-07-20 NO NO792411A patent/NO154314C/en unknown
- 1979-07-20 CA CA332,209A patent/CA1129604A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-07-20 DE DE2929512A patent/DE2929512C2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-07-20 FR FR7918779A patent/FR2431569A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2431569A1 (en) | 1980-02-15 |
| ES8101164A1 (en) | 1980-12-01 |
| FR2431569B1 (en) | 1984-03-16 |
| NO154314B (en) | 1986-05-20 |
| DE2929512C2 (en) | 1984-03-08 |
| ES482689A0 (en) | 1980-12-01 |
| FI62877B (en) | 1982-11-30 |
| SE425512B (en) | 1982-10-04 |
| FI62877C (en) | 1983-03-10 |
| NO792411L (en) | 1980-01-22 |
| SE7808056L (en) | 1980-01-22 |
| US4303471A (en) | 1981-12-01 |
| DE2929512A1 (en) | 1980-01-31 |
| FI792168A (en) | 1980-01-22 |
| NO154314C (en) | 1986-08-27 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |