CA1128980A - Arc spinner interrupter with chromium copper arcing contact - Google Patents

Abstract

ARC RUNNER FOR ARC SPINNER INTERRUPTER

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

A runner of an arc spinner interrupter which has a flat annular ring consisting of an alloy of chromium copper to improve interruption capability.

Description

~lZ8980 This invention relates to circuit interrupters, and more specifically relates to a novel a~c runner construction for the arc runner of ~n arc spinner t~pe of circuit interrupter.

lhis application is related to copending Canadian applications Serial No. 318,651, filed December 27, 1978 in the names of Lorne D~ ~cConnell, ~erald A. Votta and Donald E. Weston, entitled ~lOVING CONTACT FOR P~DIAL BLOW-IN E~FECT FOR ARC SPINNER INTERRUPTER; Serial ~o. 318,652, filed December 27, 1978 in the name of Robert Kirkland Smith, entitled EXTERIOR CONNECTED ARC RUNNER FOR ARC SPINNER
INTERRUPTER both o~ which are assigned to the assignee of the present invention. This application is a divisional application of copending application No. 326,707 filed ~5ay 1, 1979.

Arc spinner tvpe interrupters are known in the art and are tvpically shown in U.S. Patent ~,052,577, in the name of r~erald A. Votta, as well as ~.S. Patent ~,052,576, in the name of Robert Kirkland Smith.

In these devices, a flat conductive ring, hereinafter called the arc runner, is provided which is disposed in a plane per~endicular to the axis of the interrupter and perpendicular to the flow of arc current.

- 2 -llZ8~80

- 3 during circuit interruption. This arc runner is then electrically connected in series ~ith a coil to l~hich it is closely coupled. A movable contact is then arranged to make annular contact engagement and disengagement with a cooperating annular surface of the arc runner facing away from the coil. l~en the contact opens, an arc is dra~n from the arc runner to the movable contact and the arc current flows through the coil. This then induces a circulating current in the arc runner, ~hich is a shorted turn, and both the arc runner and coil then produce a resultant magnetic field in the region of the arc.
The magnetic field component from the arc runner circulating current is displaced in phase from that of the coil so that a fairly substantial field is present just before a current zero interval. The effect of the arc current in the magnetic field produced by the arc runner and coil is such that a Lorentz force is established which tends to rotate the arc around the arc runner. This rotational movement of the arc is through a . 20 relatively static dielectric gas which fills the arc space and thereby tends to deionize and cool the arc so that the arc can be interrupted at the first current zero.
A problem exists in such interrupters when lo-~currents (below about 3000 amperes) ~ith high transient recover~ voltage (TRV) fre~ucncies of about 20 k l~z.
Thus, in this lo~ current range, the arc is interrupted in a plain break r.~ode and not in a rotating arc mode.

llZ8980 Standard arc-resistant materials, such as copper tungsten alloys, perform well in the plain break mode, but they do not work well in the rotating arc mode. Standard electrolytic copper performs very well in the rotating mode, but does not work well in the plain break condition. Therefore, in the past, it has been necessary to provide auxiliary means, such as a puffer assist, to allow the use of electrolytic copper for the rotating arc mode while giving the interrupter low current, high frequency TRV interruption capability.
In copending application No. 326,707 there is dis-closed and claimed a circuit interrupter comprising a stationary contact assembly; a movable contact assembly;
a dielectric gas filled housing containing said stationary and movable contact assemblies; and stationary contact assembly including an arc runner contact and an electrical coil and circuit connection means for connection said elec-trical coil in series with said arc runner contact; said arc runner contact containing, as at least a portion thereof, a generally flat conductive disk having an axis which is coaxial with the axis of said coil; said coil being disposed adjacent one surface of said arc runner contact and being in a plane parallel to the plane of said arc runner contact and being closely magnetically coupled to said arc runner contact; said movable contact assembly including a generally cylindrical arcing contact which is coaxial with said arc runner contact, and which is movable into and out of contact with the surface of said arc runner contact which is opposite to said one surface; at least one of said arc runner contact and said movable arcing contact consisting of an alloy of chromium copper to improve interruption capability.

According to the present invention there is provided an arc runner for an arc spinner interrupter; said arc runner including a flat annular ring consisting of an alloy of chromium copper to improve interruption capability.

llZ8980 Thus in accordance with the invention, the arc runner is made of a chromium copper alloy having about 0.9%
chromium by weight. It has been found that this material has relatively high conductivity relative to copper (about 85~ of the conductivity of copper), and that it also has relatively low arc erosion and good transient recovery voltage withstand capability. Thus, the arc runner can be used ~or interruption in both plain break and rotating arc modes, without need for auxiliary means to assist interrup-tion at low current.

- 4a -11;Z8980 BRIE~ DlSCRIYTIOIN OF TIIE DRAI~'INGS

Figure 1 is a side elevational viet~ of a circuit breaker ~hich could incorporate the concept of the present inventiorl.
Figure 2 is a front elevational vie~ of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a top viel~ of Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional vie~ taXen along the axis of one of the three interrupters of Figures 1, 2 and 3 and illustrates an interrupter with a center-fed arc runner and shol~s the interrupter open above the center axis and closed belo~ the center a~is.
Figure 4a is an electrical circuit di.agram of the structure sho~n in Figure 4.
Figure 4b is an enlarged cross-sectional diagram of the coil assembly of Figure 4v Figure 5 is a perspective viel~ of the stationary contact and arc runner shol~n in Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a perspective vie~Y of the movable contact assembly of Figure 4.
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional vie~.~ of Figure 4 taXen across the section line 7-7 in Figure 4.
Figure 8 is a cross-sectional vie~ of Figure 4 taXcn across the section line 8-8 in Figllre 4.
Figure 9 is an end viel~ of the right-hand end of Figure 4.

llZ8g80 Figure 10 is an cnlargccl v;e~ of the statiol~ary contact and arc runner of Figure 4 moclificd so that current to the arc runner is connected at its outer diameter.
Figure 11 scheinatically illustrates the arc current ~etween the arc runner and the movable arcing contact for different conditions of current feed to the inside and outside of the arc runner and further sho-~s different conditions of current flow, for inside feed and outside feed to the arcing contact.
Figure 12 shows low current test results of apparatus of the type sho~n in Figure 10 using a chromium copper alloy arc runner, as compared to one using a copper arc runner.
Figure ]3 shol.~s lo~ current test results comparing the use of copper, copper tungsten, and chromium copper materials at high TRV frequency.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAl~INGS
.

Figures 1 to 3 illustrate a typical circuit breaker which uses circuit interrupters of the type constructed in accordance with the present invention.
Referring to Figures 1 to 3, the circuit breaXer is mounted on a steel support frame 20 and is sho~vn as a three-p]lase circuit breaker containing phases 21, 22 and 23. Each of phases 21, 22 and 23 consist of ilZ~39~0 idcntical intcrr~1pters, one o ~hich ~ c (~c~;cribed more flllly hereinafter, conta;ned in respective aluJninum tanks 24, 25 and 26, \~hich have terminal bush;ngs 27-28, 29-30 and 31-32, respectively. Each of housings 24, 25 and 26 are capped at their right-hand end in Figure 1 and communicate with an operating mecl~anism housing 35, ~hich may include a jack-s}laft linkage which is coupled to the interrupters within each of housings 24, 25 and 26 The operating mechanism is operable to simultaneously open and close the three interrupters. Any suitable - spring closing mechanism or the like, shown as the spring closing mechanism 36, can be used to apply the input-energy for the jack-shaft linkage in housing 35. Thus, an operating linX 37 extending from the spring mechanism 36 is connected to an operating link 38 (Figure 1) ~hich in turn rotates shaft 39 which is coupled to the inter-ruptcrs of each phase as will be more fully described hereinafter.
It is necessary that the housing 35 be sealed since it will be filled with a suitable dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride and permits communication of the insulating gas bet~een the interiors of all housings 24, 25 and 26.
The circuit breaXer described above is suitable for use in connection l~ith a 15kV/25kA three-phase out-dool~ circuit breaker and can have a total heigllt of aboutS2 inches ~ith frame and a total ~idth in Fig~rc 1 of about 3g inches.

The interior of ~he interrupter for cach phase is sho~n in Figure 4 for the case of phase 23 cncased by housing 26. Ilousing 26 may be of steel or of any other desired material and contains two openings 40 and 41 for rcceiving the bushings 31 and 32. Thus, openings 40 and 41 have short tubes 42 and 43, respectively, welded thereto, which tubes receive suitable terminal bushings 31 and 32 in any desired manner.
The terminal bushings 31 and 32 then have central conductors 44 and 45, respecti~ely, whic]l are terminated with jaw type contacts 46 and 47, respectively, which receive movable contact assembly 48 and stationary contact assembly 49, respectively, as will be later described.
The right-hand end of housing 26 is capped by an end assembly including seal ring 50 (Figure 4) which contains a sealing gas~et 51 ~igure 4), an aluminum support plate 52 ~Figures 4 and 5) and an end cap plate 53 which may be of steel. Ring 50 is welded to the right-hand end of tube 26 and provides a bolt-hole ring. The aluminum disk 52 is held in the position shown by the plate 53 when the plate is bolted to the ring 50 as by the bolts 54 and S5 sho~n in Figure 4. Note that plate 53 is sho~n in both Figure 4 and Figure 9 and, ~hen the ~late 53 is bolted up against the ring 50, it forms a leaX-proof seal against the sealing ring 51.

~12898Q
g ]he opl~osite end of tube 26 h~s ~ ~)olt r;ng 60 l~e]ded thereto ~hich has a three-lo~e t~pe opening as best sho~n in Figure 7. A short tube sect;on 61 is then provided ~ith a seal;ng r;ng 62 conl-lected to ;ts end ~hich receives a seal;ng gasket 6~ The outer diameter of ring 62 contains a bolt ring circle having bolt open;ngs ;n alignment ~ith the bolt openings in member 60 so that bolts SUC]I as bolts 65 and 66 in Figures 4 and 7 can secure together housing sections 26 and 61 with a good gas-tight seal being formed by the seal 63.
The left-hand of section 61 ;9 then welded into an opening in the tank 35 as sho~n. Thus the interior of tube 26 and of the various elements .ith ~h;ch it communicates are sealed from the external atmosphere and the interior of tube 26 is filled ~ith sulfur hex~fluoride at a pressure of about 3 atmospheres absolute. Note ho-.ever~ that any desired pressure could be used and that any dielectric gas other than sulfur hexafluoride or combinations of dielectric gases as desired could be used in place of sulfur hexafluoride.
The movable contact assembly 48 is best sho-~n in Figures 4 and 6. The movable contact assembly is connected to the operating crank 3~ of Figure 4 ~hich is driven by the operating mechanism through a connecting link 70 ~hich is pivotally conllected to the end of elongated axially mo~able conductive member 71. Movable ~lZ8980 mcmber 71 is a conductive elongatcd hollow rod h~lv;ng a closed end at its left w?lere the closed end portion at its left-hand end is provided with a plurality of vents such as vents 72 and 73 which, as will be described hereinafter, permit flow of gas and arc plasma through the movable contact and through these vents during an interruption operation.
Movable member 71 is g~ided for motion by a stationary conductive support member 74 which contains a sliding contact member 75 (Figure 4~ ~hich maintains electrical sliding contact ~ith the conductive tube 71.
A suitable insulation layer 76 (Figure 4) can be fixed to member 74 to provide relatively lo-~ friction guiding -~
of the movable member 71. Contact 75 is then held in lS place by a suitable conductive backup plate, such as plate 77, which is held in place by suitable screws.
Conductive stationary support member 74 is also provided with an up-~ardly extending conductive tab 78 l~hich is fixed to member 74 by bolts 79 and 80 (Figure 6) and the tab 78 engages the jaw contact 46 when the device is assembled. The support member 74 is then fixed to the ring 60 by thrèe insulation support members 81 and 82 (Figure 6) and 83 (Figure 4~ which may be molded epoxy members. The right-lland end of each of these members is bolted to member 74 as by bolts 85, 86 and 87, respectively, and their opposite ends are bolted to member 60 as by the bolt S8 shown in Figure 4 ~lZ89t30 for the case of insulat;oll sul)l)ort mcrl)ber 83. Sil~ilar ~)olts connect the other insulation supports to the member 60 but are not shown in the drawings. Thus, the movable contact asscmbly is insulatably suppoTted from the housing 26 The main movable contact element then consists of a bulbous movable contact member 90 ~hich is termi-nated by a plurality of segmcnted contact Iingers 91.
~ ember 90 defines an out~.~ardly looping current path from the centrally located conductive member 71 and may be suitably electrically connected to the end of member 71 as by a threaded connection to the intermediate conductive ring 92 ~hich is, itself, threaded to the end of member 71. Intermediate member 92 also serves as a seat for compression spring 93 ~hich is pressed against the inner diameter of the interior sliding arcing contact member 95. Arcing contact 95 has a central opening 96 at its outer diameter and receives a suitable nonconductive ring 97 ~hich enables member 95 to slide relatively easily l~ith the fingers 91. Note that the ends of fingers 91 bend in~ardly to define a shoulder 99 ~ihich engages the shoulder 100 ~hen the fingers move to the left ~hile the interrupter is opening.
The stationary contact structure 49 is best Z5 sho~n in Figures 4 and 8. Stationary contact structure 49 has a main support housing section 110 l~hich may be of aluminum and has a tab 111 e~tending thelefrom and ~lZ8980 bolted thereto as by the bolts 112 and 113. Tab 111 is then received by the jaw contact 47 to make connection between the stationary contact assembly and the terminal bushing 32.

Support member 110 then has three epoxy support members 114, 115 and 116 bolted thereto as by bolts such as the bolt 117 shown in Figure 4 for the case of member 114.
The support members 114 to 116 are then in turn bolted to the aluminum disk 52 as by bolts such as bolt 118 shown in Figure 4 for the case of member 114. Thus, the entire sta-tionary contact assembly is insulatably secured from the main support casing 26.

Member 110 has an intermediate aluminum support member 120 (Figures 4 and 4b) bolted thereto as by bolts such as bolt 121 shown in Figure 4 and a main stationary contact sleeve 122 is threadably connected or otherwise suitably connected to the member 120. The end of member 122 may have a contact ring insert 123 which may be of a material which can resist arc erosion, such as copper-tungsten or the like for receiving the inner ends of contact fingers 91 of the movable contact when the in-terrupter is closed, and for forming a good solid low-re-sistance current conduction path between contact assemblies 48 and 49. Note that fingers 91 are outwardly and elasti-cally pressed when they engage member 122 to provide high pressure contact. The end of the contact sleeve 122 is then terminated by a Teflon (a trade mark) ring 130 which generally covers the outer end of the stationary contact assembly and has the generally trapezoidal cross-sectional shape shown. Ring 130 can be secured in place relative to sleeve 122 as by threading or the like.

The stationary contact assembly shown in Figure 4 further contains a copper coil support member 140 (see Figure 4b~ which consists of a central core section 141 ~28980 which has a central opening 142 therein, and two integral spaced flanges 143 and 143a extending from core 141.
Flange 143 acts as an arc runner and is a generally washer shaped conductive plate which may be of a chromium copper material. Rear flange 1~3a is preferably slotted to dis-courage circulating current. Coil support 140 should be sufficiently strong to withstand forces of repulsion which tend to repel the coil winding and the arc runner 143. A
Teflon (a trade mark) or other insulation material nut 145 covers the inter;or surface of arc runner 143 and define an annular shaped exposed contact area for arc runner 143.

Insulation members 148, 149 and 149a are disposed between copper coil support member 140 and sleeve 122 to prevent their accidental contact. The space between arc runner 143 and flange 143a receives a winding 150 which is a spiral winding, for example, consisting of eleven concen-tric flat turns which are insulated from one another. If desired, the turns of winding 150 can be made of other cross-section shapes, _ 13 ~

~128980 and could, for example, be s~uare in cross-scction. 'I'he interiormost coil of winding 150 is electrically connected to the central hub 141 while the outcrmost coil of winding 150 is electrically connected to member 120 by the conductive strap 151. Thus, an electrical connection is formed from terminal 111 (Figure 4) through member 110, member 120, conductive strap 151, winding 150, and to the hub 141 of member 140. In the embodiment of Figure 4, current is connected to arc runner 143 at its interior. Current is introduced into hub 141 from coil 140, and is then connected directly to the interior diameter of arc runner 143.
There can be an outside feed of current to arc runner 143, whereby the outer diameter of flange 143a is connected to the outer diameter of the arc runner 143.
The current path for either inslde or outside feed to arc runner 143 is schematically shown in Figure 4a. Suitable insulation layers are provided as necessary to define the inside or outside-fed connection to the arc runner 143.
Figure 10, which will be later described, shol-~s the outside feed in detail.
In the construction described to this point, it can be seen that the assembly of the interrupter is simplified by the removable connection between the movable and stationary contact assemblies 4~ and 49 with the jaw contacts 46 and 47 for the terminal busllings 31 and 32.

llZ~80 The currcnt ~ath tllrough the interruptcr, ~hen the interrupteIs are in the closed position sho~n below the center line in Figure 4, is as follows:
Current enters terminal 31 and flows through S jaw contac~ 46 and tab 48 and is then connected to the conductive ~ember 71 through the sliding contact 75.
Current then flows a~ially out-~ardly into movable contact member 90 and then through the contact fingers 91 and into contacts 123 and 122. Current then continues to flow into member 120 and-member 110 and then through the tab 111 into the jaw contact 47 and then out of the bushing 32.
In order to open the interrupter contacts, the operating mechanism causes link 38 to rotate counter-cloc~ise in Figure 4, thereby mo~ing conductive member 71 to the left. During the initial opening motion, the contact fingers 91 move to the left in Figure 4 so that the main contacts open and electrical current flow is commutated ~rom the main contact into the arcing contact 95, ~hich is still engaged with the arc runner 143, coil 150, and then througll members 120 and 110 to tab 111.
Contact 95 may be of a copper chromium material or some other material ~ell suited to withstand arcing duty. The arcing contact 95 is initially strongly held against the arc runner ]43 under the influence ofthe spring 93. Once the movable contact fingers 91 have moved sufficicntly far to the ]eft, however, shoulder 99 ( ~.Z~3980 of the fingers 91 pick up shoulder 100 of arcing contact 95 and, for the first time, the arcing contact 95 begins to move to the let, and out of contact with arc runner 143. An arc is then drawn between the arc runner surface 143 to the arcing contact 95 ~hich arc current flows in series ~ith the coil 150.
The current through coil 150 then sets up a magnetic field which has a component extending perpendi-cularly through the arc current flo~ing between arc 1.0 runner 143 and contact 95. At the same time, since coil 150 is very closely coupled to the arc runner 143 (l~hich is a short-circuited turn), a circulating current is induced in the arc runner 143. This circulating current is phase-shifted relative to the arc current and the current in coil 150. The current in the coil 150 and the circulating current in runner 143 produce a magnetic field in the arc space, which field has a component which is perpendicular to the arc current.
The arc current and the magnetic field interact to produce a.Lorentz force on the arc, thereby causing the arc to rotate rapidly around the axis of runner 143 and contact 95. Consequently, the arc spins rapidly through the relatively stationary dielectric gas, thereby to cool and deionize the arc so that it will extinguish at current zero.
Improved operation is obtained when current applied to the arc runner 143 is app.lied at its outer di~lneter, ~lZ8980 so that a blow-in magnetic force is applied to the arc current, causing it to bend toward the axis of rotation of the interrupter.

The effect of the outside feed to the arc runner can be best understood by a consideration of Figures 10 and 11.
Figure 11 schematically illustrates a few of the disclosed stationary contact assembly components.

Figure 10 shows the movable contact assembly 48 of Figure 4 along with a stationary contact assembly 49 which is modified for outside feed of current. Thus, in Figure 10, arc runner 143 is modified to have a cu~ shape, and has cylindrical wall 200 which extends coaxially over winding 150, and is threadably engaged to the outer periphery of flange 143a. Suitable insulation disks 201 and 202 and insulation cylinder 203 insulate coil 150 from cylindrical wall 200, runner 143 and flange 143a. Insulation sleeve 204 insulates contact sleeve 122 from the conductive wall 200.

Lead 151 is connected to the outermost coil of winding 150, and its innermost coil is connected to hub 141.
The arc runner 143 is mechanically held closely coupled to coil 150 by steel bolt 205 which is sheathed with insulation, such as Teflon (a trade mark) cylinder 206 and Teflon (a trade mark) cap 207. Bolt 206 presses against plate 208 and insulatibn disk 209 as shown.

.

~lZ8980 Contact ]22 ~n Figure 10 is thread~d onto a conductive support 210 which, as in Figure 4, is suitably connccted to member 110 and terminal bushing 32.
It should be noted that flange 143a is slotted as by slot 211 at one or more places on its perlphery to avoid inducing a circulating current around flange 143a.
It will be clear from Figure 10 that-the current path to arc runner 143 will follow the path of the arrows so that current wlll be connected to runner 143 around its full outer periphery. The effect of thls outside feed of current is best understood from Figure 11 which schematically shows the arc runneT 143 for different current feed conditions.
Figure 11 illustrates, by graduated arrows, lS the magnetic flux density field B plotted across the pertinent regions of the area through which the arc between arc runner 143 and mo~able arclng contact 95 will travel. It will first be noted that the intensity of the magnetic field is greatest closest to the arc runner 143. This is because the magnetic field B is produced by t~e circulating current in member 143 and also by the coil 150 which is disposed behind member 143.
Thus, as the distance from coil 150 and member 143 increases, the field strength is reduced. At the same ti~ne, the direction of the field vector yaries over the area and is seen to be parallel to the interrupteT central axis at regions along the central axis of member 143 and then ~Z8980 becomes closer to a pcrl)endicular to thc ccntral ~xis of member 143, progressing radially out~ard from the axis.
The force which is exerted on the arc current drawn bet~een arc runner 143 and movable arcing contact 95 is given by the vector cross product bet~ecn the magnetic field B and the arc current. Thus, tlle closer to perpendicular the arc current is to the field vector, the greater will be the force tending to rotate the arc around the annular arc runner area.
If the current coming into arc runner 143 was straight and parallel to the central axis of runner 143 and in the absence of other disturbing forces, the arc current would take the path 159. Thus, the arc current would have a relatively large component perpendicular to the various field vectors B to produce a rather high rotating force.
In the prior art, however, current is intro-duced to the arc runner 143 at the inside diameter of the arc runner. Thus, current has ta~en the path shown in the solid line 160. Because of the bend in the current 160, a magnetic blow-off force will be exerted on the arc current, and the arc current ~ill follo-~ the outwardly bowed path 161. Because of this, the arc current in the high field region near the arc runner 143 will be more parallel to the magnetic field vector B, so that a relatively low rotating force will be applied to the arc current. Moreover, the arc 161 is outwardly blo~Jn, thus leading to the possible danger that the arc will transfer back to the main contact 122.
In accordance with the invention, the current feed is to the outside of the arc runner 143, as shown by the dotted-line path 162 in Figure 11. This then produces a blow-in or inward magnetic force on the arc, which is directed tol~ard the axis of the arc runner 143, thereby to cause an in~ard bo~ing of the arcing current as shown by the arc current path 163. Note that the maximum inl~ard bowing occurs closest to the arc runner 143, where the magnetic field B is the highest. Thus, in these very high lntensity regions, the arc current is almost perpendicular to the magnetic field, thus producing extremely high rotating forces on the arc. ~qoreover, the arc 163 is blown away from the outside, thereby minimizing the danger of a flashover to the main contact members.
The opposite end of the arc root is on the arcing contact 95 as shown in Figure 11. An important aspect of the new device is that the current flow through the arcing contact 95 is radially outward, and over the dotted-line path 170 rather than the prior art type of inside feed to the arcing contact, sho~n in the solid line 171 path.
By causing the current path through the arcing contact to be an outside feeding path, current in the ~Z8980 moving contact 95 flo~s in the radially out~ard path from the arc root region and from the axis of the movable contact, Thus, there is an inward blow-off force applied to the arc root and to the arc in the region of the arcing contact 9S. That is to say, the arc l~ill tend to be moved in~ardly toward the axis of the arcing contact gS rather than out~ardly, as would occur for an inside feed along the path 171 as in the prior art. This tends to maintain arc position on the most radially in-~ard portion of the arcing contact so that arc position and arc length is maintained to minimize arc energy input to the gas and to prevent a flashover to the main contact., It was previously pointed out, with respect to Figures 4 and 6, that the movable contact member 71 had openings such as openings 72 and 73 therein. OtlleT
openings are also distributed around the left-hand end of member 71. It has been found that these openings ~
assist in the removal or distribution of arc plasma which is produced during arcing. Thus, it has been f,ound desirable to have some means for directing the arc plasma away from the arc zone during the interruption operation in order to move the arc plasma away from the main stationary contact.
By providing openings 72 and 73 or other similar openings along the lcngth of conductor 71, the intense heat produced by the plasma in the region bet-~een the separating contact 9S and runner 143 ~ill act as a llZ8980 source to cause hot gases to move to thc left alc)rlg the axis of the tube 71 and t]~en out through the openings of the tube. That is to say, thc openings, such as openings 72 and 73, help define a flow channel along the S ccnter of the moving contact along which the hot gases can move in order to remove excess hot gases from the arcing zone.
This is extremely useful at higher current levels, where large amounts of hot gases are produced.
It also has limited use in connection ~ith lo~ current interruption where a limited amount of hot gas is produced. Hol~ever, in the case of low current inter-ruption, it is useful to provide means for producing a negative pressure region within contact 71 to permit movement of at least a limited amount of gas a~ay from the arc zone. This could be accomplished, for e~ample, by blocking substantially the full interior of conductor 71 with a light insulation filler material and leaving a relatively small gas volume sufficient only to allo--~ full movement of the arcing-contact 95 to the right, relative to the movable contact ~hen the contact opens. This limited movement ~.ill then cause a propor-tionally large increase in the volume to the left of contact 95 during opening, thereby to pro~uce a negative pressure zone into which a limited aTnount of gas could flol- under lo~ current interruption conditions.

~,~.28980 ~

As previously indicated, and in accord.lnce ~ith the invention, arc runner 143 and other contact components are preferably made of a chromium copper a]loy, preferably one having 0.9% chromium by ~eight.
This material has been found to perform ~ell in the high current arc rotation mode of operation since its conductivity is 85% that of elec~rolytic copper. In accordance l~ith the in~ention, this material was also found to perform about as well as copper tungsten in the lo~ current, high TR\r frequency mode. Note that copper tungsten cannot be used for the arc runner since its resistance is too high for proper operation in the arc rotation mode.
Figure 12 shol~s test results of an interrupter of the type shol~n in Figure 10 using a chromium copper material for arc runner 143 I~hich had 0.9~ by l~eight of chromium. In Figure 12, the shaded band 200 shol~!s the boundary of successful operations (in the region to the left of band 200), ~ith the interrupter using the chromium Z copper arc runner. By comparison, the dotted line 201 sho~s the boundary of successful operations using an electrolytic copper arc runner. Auxiliary interruption means are required for lo~ current, high TR\I frequency as seen by boundary 201. The dramatic impro~ement of boundary 200, using the novel chromium copper alloy arc runner, reduces or completely eliminates the need for SUC}I auxiliary equipment.

~lZ8980 As pointed out previously, the chromillm copper arc r~lnner performs almost as well as copper in the arc TOtation mode, and it performs almost as well as copper tungsten in the plain break mode. Figure 13 shows the S res~llts of an experiment comparing copper, copper tungs~en and chromium copper at low current, high TRV
frequency operation. In carrying out the experiment, a copper arc runner was used, facing a slotted fixed contact of the different compositions. A two inch gap was formed between the arc runner and contact and 15 kV
R.~.S. was placed across the gap and an arc was arti-ficially initiated. The coil in series with the arc runner had 7-1/2 turns.
The test results produced the success-failure boundaries 210, 211 and 212 for copper, chromium copper (0.9% chromium) and copper tungsten materials, respectively, for the slotted contact facing the arc runner. It can be seen that the chromium copper lS
almost as effective as the coppe~ tungsten in the low current, high TRV frequency range of operation and in the plain break mode. It is also seen that the chromium copper is vastly superior to the copper (boundary 210) in the low current range.
Although a preferred embodiment of this invention has been described, many variations and modi-fications will now be apparent to those s~illed in the ilZ~398(~

art~ and it ;s preferred thercfore that the instant invention be limited not by the s~ecific disclosure herein but only by the appended claims.

Claims (4)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive privilege or property is claimed are defined as follows:

1. An arc runner for an arc spinner interrupter;
said arc runner including a flat annular ring consisting of an alloy of chromium copper to improve interruption capabi-lity. I

2. The arc runner of claim 1 wherein said alloy contains about 0.9% chromium.

3. The arc runner of claim 1 wherein said flat annular ring has an exposed surface which defines an annular path for the movement of an arc root; a coil being coaxial with said arc runner and being disposed adjacent the opposite surface of said arc runner; circuit means connecting said coil to said arc runner; said arc runner having a thickness which is less than the thickness which would produce the maximum induced circulating current at arc current zero in said arc runner due to the mutual coupling with said coil; said arc runner being made of an alloy of chromium copper to improve interruption capability.

4. The arc runner of claim 1 wherein a coil is disposed to induce a circulating current in said arc runner; said flat annular ring having a given resistance to flow of circulating current and a given inductance;
said arc runner having a thickness such that the cir-culating current induced in said runner by said coil is less than the maximum current which could have been induced in said runner by said coil at arc current zero, whereby a greater field strength is produced adjacent a surface of said runner and whereby the repulsive force between said runner and said coil is reduced.