CA1128283A - Controlling the solidification of a continuous casting - Google Patents
Controlling the solidification of a continuous castingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1128283A CA1128283A CA322,992A CA322992A CA1128283A CA 1128283 A CA1128283 A CA 1128283A CA 322992 A CA322992 A CA 322992A CA 1128283 A CA1128283 A CA 1128283A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- coil
- coil systems
- systems
- solidification
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/122—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ using magnetic fields
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Coil systems setting up travelling wave patterns as driving force are used in such spacing and at such orientation of the driving that at least one circular flow is set up on an axis transverse to the broad sides of the casting.
Coil systems setting up travelling wave patterns as driving force are used in such spacing and at such orientation of the driving that at least one circular flow is set up on an axis transverse to the broad sides of the casting.
Description
Back~rou d of the Invention The present invention relates to controlling the solidification of a casting as it emerges from a mold for continuous castin~.
Continuous casting is based on the principle that a con-tinuously replenished melt in a cooled mold emerges as a casting ~rom the open bottoM
of the mold. The casting has a solidified skin which is rather thin at first but gradually grows until downstream the entire casting is solidified, The solidification process should be a uniform one in order to obtain a uniform internal grain structure in the final casting. It is known for this purpose to stir the still molten metal inside of the solidified skin while being withdrawn from the mold, to equalize the solidification process.
German printed paten-t application ~o. 1,962,31~1 suggests stirring by means of a polyphase electrical field electromagnetically and inductively collpled to the steel. The field is applied by means of coils suitably mounted on the stand for the guiding and withdrawing equipment for the cast-ing. The field acts as one or more linear travelling wave with propagation parallel to the wide cross-section of a slab ingot type casting.
In a somewhat different arrangement (German printed patent applica-tion ~o. 2,720,391), a withdrawal stand having rollers is modi~ied by means of non-magnetic rollers disposed be-tween the casting and the electromagnetic stirrer.
It was discovered that the known travelling wave fields produce a liquid flow inside of the casting which is not stable nor uniform in the cross-section nor is the casting affected in a uniform length. Unless one produces several travelling wave fields, the area actually affected is quite small.
It is an object of the present invention to improve the electro-..
~: .; ~:: .: :: :
magnetical stirring of a solidifying casting during continuous casting -to obtain better control over the solidification process.
~ heinvention provides a method of controlling the solidification of still molten metal within a casting strand as it is withdrawn from a con-tinuous casting mold, comprising the steps of providing at leas-~ t~,to co-1 systems spaced-apart by a distance of not less than about 200 Jnm arld not more than about 1,500 mm; and operating the two coll system~ ~o mo~e molten metal within the casting strand in opposite directions to obtain a circular flow pattern.
In this way it is possible to control solidification of the molten steel inside a casting strand by causing a flow therein which is uniform along and in the entire area of a liquid-to-solid phase change, and the flow preferably covers a large area or zone parallel to the outer surface of the casting in the direction of casting. The method aids in the control of the solidifying texture in a casting strand as it emerges from a mold and solid ifies.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present inven-tion, at least two coil systems are provided in spaced-apart relation adja-eNt to a casting as it is withdrawn and having solidified to about 1/~ to 1/3 of its cross-section, these coil systems moving the still molten steel in opposite directions thereby to set up and maintain a circular flow pattern having an axis transverse to the broad side of the casting.
Additional coil systems may be provided, e.g. for independent stirring further downstream, or directly adJacent to the circular flow as mentioned but circulating in the opposite direction. The spacing of the coil systems should be not less than about 200 mm and not more than about 1,500 mm, preferably 750 mm. Each coil system may have two subsystems, one on opposite sides of a slab ingot type casting strand.
_ _ : '' : .: . : ~ , - :
' ~ . ' ~ ' ' ! . ~
It was found that the inventive method established a uniform solidification front and uniform liquid-to-solid phase progression that is and remains uniform in the cross-section of the casting. The resul~ing casting has qui-te a uniform solidification tex-ture.
Description of the Drawings While the specification concludes with claims particularly point-ing out and distinctly claiming the sub~ect matter which is regarded as the invention, it is believed that the invention, the ob~ects and features of the invention and further ob~ects, features and advantages thereof will be better understood ~rom the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure l is a top view of a casting as withdrawn ~rom a mold, showing a first example of stirring equipment in accordance with the pre-ferred embodiment;
Figure la is a side view of the casting and equipment as shown in Figure l;
Figures 2 and 2a are views respectively similar to Figures 1 and la as far as the cast1ng is concerned, but wherein the arrangement of the stirring equipment differs; and Figures 3 and 3a are views respectively similar to Figures 1 and la, but showing a supplemental stirring system to maintain two circular flow patterns.
Figures 1 and 2 show a portion of a casting 10 as it is withdrawn from a continuous casting mold (not shown) along a curved path. The casting is supported by -the usual withdrawal rolls as is known per se. The casting has a width ~ and a thickness C. Coil systems are disposed ad~acent to the casting 10 and comprise coil subsystems 11 and 12 disposed on opposite, broad sides of the casting and producing electromagne-tical, travelling wave . : . ,: . , : , ~ , 32~3 fields, travelling in the same direction to produce and induce a particular flow trans~ersely to the direction of casting. The arrows on the blocks identifying the subsystems indicate the direction of driving.
A second coil system, again comprising twa subs~Jstems 13 and 11l is disposed downstream from the system 11, 12, ana at a center--~o-center distance a as between coil subsystems on the same casting side. ~he coil system 13, 14 is energized to produce a flow in the casting ln the opposite direction, but still transversely to the direction of movement of the cast-ing, whereby again the two subsystems 13 and 14 mutually re-enforce their respective driving actions.
As a consequence of this arrangement, a circular flow pattern is set up inside of the casting as shown by the multiple arrows in Figure l, ~ because the force exerted by the system 11, 12 and the force exerted by the - system 13, 14 upon the still molten material are oppositely directed result-ing in a torque, and the molten material yields in a corresponding circular or circulating flow pattern. The center of that circular pa-ttern is 'ocated in about the middle between the two systems if each of them is of similar strength. The axis of that circular flow extends, of course, transversely to the ma~or surfaces of the ingot-casting.
The stirring system should be located in relation to the mold and the casting as a whole at a location where about 1/3 or 1/4 of the casting cross-section has solidifiea so that stirring affects roug~l~ 2/3 to 3/4 of the cross-section.
The spacing a of the coil systems will depend to some extent on the width B of the casting, but generally for slab ingots the distance a should be not less than about 200 mm and not more than about 1,500 mm. For closer distances, the fields may interf'ere and the flow may not be suf'fi-ciently ~igorous. If the systems are too far apart, a regular circular .~=
-, ...
-~
~: : -: ... - :
.: . ; ~: ; : .
~Z~2~33 pattern may not form or if formed may become unstable. It was found that a 750 mm distance gives excellent results.
In cases such as very thin ingots, a single coil subsystem in each position ti.e. 11 and 13 or 12 and 14) may suffice as the respective system.
Figures 2 and 2a show a modified arrangement of coil subs~Jstems 21 and 22, each being on one side of the ingot and extending in the direction of casting. One subsystem (21) moves the steel in that direction while the other one (22) moves it in the opposite direction. The stirring forces are re-enforced by coil systems on the other side, such as 23 vis-a-vis 21; a similar subsystem is disposed opposite subsystem 22. Here the spacing a is to a large extent dependent upon the width B of the casting, but the reasons for the range 200 to 1,500 mm aiscussed above are still valid. Application of this arrangement is limited since the coil subsystems must be neither too close nor too far from the edges of the ingot. However, the spacing range given above is readily applicable to many types (widths) of castings.
A modification or supplement applicable to both of the examples above can be provided in that another stirring system of either type can be provided farther downstream to obtain independent stirring action.
Figures 3 and 3a are in a way an extension of the system shown in Figures 1 and la, in that a further coil system 15, 16, one subsystem on each side, is provided downstream. It can readily be seen that still others could be added. The direction of action is, of course, necessary so that the sense of rotation alternates. To obtain regular flow patterns, the systems should be equidistantly spaced (a = a'). ~owever, the power oP the middle system (13, 14~ should now be stronger than of the two others as the middle system sustains two flow patterns and circulations.
Multiple stirring generally will depend to a considerable extent ~, on the size of the casting, ~t will be recalled that 1,500 mm coil spacing i5 about the maximum and that may be too small or the resulting stirring action may be insu~ficient with a system oP the type o~ Figures 1 and 2, so that supplemental stirring and aaditional stirrlng -f'low pa-tterns ma~ well be desirable or even needed.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above but all changes and modi~ications thereo~ not constituting departures ~rom the spirit and scope o~ the invention as set out in the attached claims are intended to be included.
: ~ ~ , :.. , .. , :
Continuous casting is based on the principle that a con-tinuously replenished melt in a cooled mold emerges as a casting ~rom the open bottoM
of the mold. The casting has a solidified skin which is rather thin at first but gradually grows until downstream the entire casting is solidified, The solidification process should be a uniform one in order to obtain a uniform internal grain structure in the final casting. It is known for this purpose to stir the still molten metal inside of the solidified skin while being withdrawn from the mold, to equalize the solidification process.
German printed paten-t application ~o. 1,962,31~1 suggests stirring by means of a polyphase electrical field electromagnetically and inductively collpled to the steel. The field is applied by means of coils suitably mounted on the stand for the guiding and withdrawing equipment for the cast-ing. The field acts as one or more linear travelling wave with propagation parallel to the wide cross-section of a slab ingot type casting.
In a somewhat different arrangement (German printed patent applica-tion ~o. 2,720,391), a withdrawal stand having rollers is modi~ied by means of non-magnetic rollers disposed be-tween the casting and the electromagnetic stirrer.
It was discovered that the known travelling wave fields produce a liquid flow inside of the casting which is not stable nor uniform in the cross-section nor is the casting affected in a uniform length. Unless one produces several travelling wave fields, the area actually affected is quite small.
It is an object of the present invention to improve the electro-..
~: .; ~:: .: :: :
magnetical stirring of a solidifying casting during continuous casting -to obtain better control over the solidification process.
~ heinvention provides a method of controlling the solidification of still molten metal within a casting strand as it is withdrawn from a con-tinuous casting mold, comprising the steps of providing at leas-~ t~,to co-1 systems spaced-apart by a distance of not less than about 200 Jnm arld not more than about 1,500 mm; and operating the two coll system~ ~o mo~e molten metal within the casting strand in opposite directions to obtain a circular flow pattern.
In this way it is possible to control solidification of the molten steel inside a casting strand by causing a flow therein which is uniform along and in the entire area of a liquid-to-solid phase change, and the flow preferably covers a large area or zone parallel to the outer surface of the casting in the direction of casting. The method aids in the control of the solidifying texture in a casting strand as it emerges from a mold and solid ifies.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present inven-tion, at least two coil systems are provided in spaced-apart relation adja-eNt to a casting as it is withdrawn and having solidified to about 1/~ to 1/3 of its cross-section, these coil systems moving the still molten steel in opposite directions thereby to set up and maintain a circular flow pattern having an axis transverse to the broad side of the casting.
Additional coil systems may be provided, e.g. for independent stirring further downstream, or directly adJacent to the circular flow as mentioned but circulating in the opposite direction. The spacing of the coil systems should be not less than about 200 mm and not more than about 1,500 mm, preferably 750 mm. Each coil system may have two subsystems, one on opposite sides of a slab ingot type casting strand.
_ _ : '' : .: . : ~ , - :
' ~ . ' ~ ' ' ! . ~
It was found that the inventive method established a uniform solidification front and uniform liquid-to-solid phase progression that is and remains uniform in the cross-section of the casting. The resul~ing casting has qui-te a uniform solidification tex-ture.
Description of the Drawings While the specification concludes with claims particularly point-ing out and distinctly claiming the sub~ect matter which is regarded as the invention, it is believed that the invention, the ob~ects and features of the invention and further ob~ects, features and advantages thereof will be better understood ~rom the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure l is a top view of a casting as withdrawn ~rom a mold, showing a first example of stirring equipment in accordance with the pre-ferred embodiment;
Figure la is a side view of the casting and equipment as shown in Figure l;
Figures 2 and 2a are views respectively similar to Figures 1 and la as far as the cast1ng is concerned, but wherein the arrangement of the stirring equipment differs; and Figures 3 and 3a are views respectively similar to Figures 1 and la, but showing a supplemental stirring system to maintain two circular flow patterns.
Figures 1 and 2 show a portion of a casting 10 as it is withdrawn from a continuous casting mold (not shown) along a curved path. The casting is supported by -the usual withdrawal rolls as is known per se. The casting has a width ~ and a thickness C. Coil systems are disposed ad~acent to the casting 10 and comprise coil subsystems 11 and 12 disposed on opposite, broad sides of the casting and producing electromagne-tical, travelling wave . : . ,: . , : , ~ , 32~3 fields, travelling in the same direction to produce and induce a particular flow trans~ersely to the direction of casting. The arrows on the blocks identifying the subsystems indicate the direction of driving.
A second coil system, again comprising twa subs~Jstems 13 and 11l is disposed downstream from the system 11, 12, ana at a center--~o-center distance a as between coil subsystems on the same casting side. ~he coil system 13, 14 is energized to produce a flow in the casting ln the opposite direction, but still transversely to the direction of movement of the cast-ing, whereby again the two subsystems 13 and 14 mutually re-enforce their respective driving actions.
As a consequence of this arrangement, a circular flow pattern is set up inside of the casting as shown by the multiple arrows in Figure l, ~ because the force exerted by the system 11, 12 and the force exerted by the - system 13, 14 upon the still molten material are oppositely directed result-ing in a torque, and the molten material yields in a corresponding circular or circulating flow pattern. The center of that circular pa-ttern is 'ocated in about the middle between the two systems if each of them is of similar strength. The axis of that circular flow extends, of course, transversely to the ma~or surfaces of the ingot-casting.
The stirring system should be located in relation to the mold and the casting as a whole at a location where about 1/3 or 1/4 of the casting cross-section has solidifiea so that stirring affects roug~l~ 2/3 to 3/4 of the cross-section.
The spacing a of the coil systems will depend to some extent on the width B of the casting, but generally for slab ingots the distance a should be not less than about 200 mm and not more than about 1,500 mm. For closer distances, the fields may interf'ere and the flow may not be suf'fi-ciently ~igorous. If the systems are too far apart, a regular circular .~=
-, ...
-~
~: : -: ... - :
.: . ; ~: ; : .
~Z~2~33 pattern may not form or if formed may become unstable. It was found that a 750 mm distance gives excellent results.
In cases such as very thin ingots, a single coil subsystem in each position ti.e. 11 and 13 or 12 and 14) may suffice as the respective system.
Figures 2 and 2a show a modified arrangement of coil subs~Jstems 21 and 22, each being on one side of the ingot and extending in the direction of casting. One subsystem (21) moves the steel in that direction while the other one (22) moves it in the opposite direction. The stirring forces are re-enforced by coil systems on the other side, such as 23 vis-a-vis 21; a similar subsystem is disposed opposite subsystem 22. Here the spacing a is to a large extent dependent upon the width B of the casting, but the reasons for the range 200 to 1,500 mm aiscussed above are still valid. Application of this arrangement is limited since the coil subsystems must be neither too close nor too far from the edges of the ingot. However, the spacing range given above is readily applicable to many types (widths) of castings.
A modification or supplement applicable to both of the examples above can be provided in that another stirring system of either type can be provided farther downstream to obtain independent stirring action.
Figures 3 and 3a are in a way an extension of the system shown in Figures 1 and la, in that a further coil system 15, 16, one subsystem on each side, is provided downstream. It can readily be seen that still others could be added. The direction of action is, of course, necessary so that the sense of rotation alternates. To obtain regular flow patterns, the systems should be equidistantly spaced (a = a'). ~owever, the power oP the middle system (13, 14~ should now be stronger than of the two others as the middle system sustains two flow patterns and circulations.
Multiple stirring generally will depend to a considerable extent ~, on the size of the casting, ~t will be recalled that 1,500 mm coil spacing i5 about the maximum and that may be too small or the resulting stirring action may be insu~ficient with a system oP the type o~ Figures 1 and 2, so that supplemental stirring and aaditional stirrlng -f'low pa-tterns ma~ well be desirable or even needed.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above but all changes and modi~ications thereo~ not constituting departures ~rom the spirit and scope o~ the invention as set out in the attached claims are intended to be included.
: ~ ~ , :.. , .. , :
Claims (6)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Method of controlling the solidification of still molten metal within a casting strand as it is withdrawn from a continuous casting mold, comprising the steps of providing at least two coil systems spaced-apart by a distance of not less than about 200 mm and not more than about 1,500 mm;
and operating the two coil systems to move molten metal within the casting strand in opposite directions to obtain a circular flow pattern.
and operating the two coil systems to move molten metal within the casting strand in opposite directions to obtain a circular flow pattern.
2. The method of Claim 1, wherein each coil system includes two subsystems disposed on opposite sides of the casting.
3. The method of Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein additional coil systems are provided to obtain further circular flow at a location spaced along the casting strand.
4. The method of Claim 1 or 2, including the step of providing a further coil system spaced from the others and operated to obtain two oppositely oriented flow patterns.
5. The method of Claim 1 or 2, including the step of providing a further coil system spaced from the others and operated to obtain two oppositely oriented flow patterns, wherein the coil systems are operated so that a coil system participating in the generation of both flow patterns is of stronger power than either of the other coil systems.
6. The method of Claim 1, applied to a casting strand at a location where about 1/4 to 1/3 of its cross-section has solidified.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782810491 DE2810491A1 (en) | 1978-03-08 | 1978-03-08 | METHOD FOR INFLUENCING THE SOLIDIZATION OF A MELT DURING CONTINUOUS CASTING |
| DEP2810491.8 | 1978-03-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1128283A true CA1128283A (en) | 1982-07-27 |
Family
ID=6034102
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA322,992A Expired CA1128283A (en) | 1978-03-08 | 1979-03-08 | Controlling the solidification of a continuous casting |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS54124827A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4454379A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE874664A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1128283A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2810491A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2419124A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2019273B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1111033B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7900955A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7900654L (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0013441A1 (en) * | 1979-01-05 | 1980-07-23 | Concast Holding Ag | Apparatus and method for electromagnetical stirring in a continuous steel casting plant |
| FR2528739B1 (en) * | 1982-06-18 | 1985-08-02 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | METHOD AND PLANT FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC BREWING OF METAL SLABS, ESPECIALLY STEEL, CONTINUOUSLY CAST |
| JPS5939454A (en) * | 1982-08-27 | 1984-03-03 | Nippon Steel Corp | Electromagnetic stirrer in continuous casting machine for bloom having large section |
| JPS6049844A (en) * | 1983-08-31 | 1985-03-19 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Electromagnetic stirring method for continuous casting of slab |
| DE102014105870A1 (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-10-29 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Process and apparatus for thin slab continuous casting |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4030534A (en) * | 1973-04-18 | 1977-06-21 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Apparatus for continuous casting using linear magnetic field for core agitation |
| JPS5019628A (en) * | 1973-06-23 | 1975-03-01 | ||
| JPS5437086B2 (en) * | 1973-07-16 | 1979-11-13 |
-
1978
- 1978-03-08 DE DE19782810491 patent/DE2810491A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1979
- 1979-01-24 SE SE7900654A patent/SE7900654L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-02-05 GB GB7903964A patent/GB2019273B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-02-06 NL NL7900955A patent/NL7900955A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-02-08 IT IT20009/79A patent/IT1111033B/en active
- 1979-02-23 AU AU44543/79A patent/AU4454379A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1979-02-27 FR FR7905028A patent/FR2419124A1/en active Granted
- 1979-03-06 JP JP2607879A patent/JPS54124827A/en active Pending
- 1979-03-07 BE BE0/193877A patent/BE874664A/en unknown
- 1979-03-08 CA CA322,992A patent/CA1128283A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE874664A (en) | 1979-07-02 |
| IT1111033B (en) | 1986-01-13 |
| FR2419124A1 (en) | 1979-10-05 |
| GB2019273B (en) | 1982-07-21 |
| SE7900654L (en) | 1979-09-09 |
| JPS54124827A (en) | 1979-09-28 |
| AU4454379A (en) | 1979-09-13 |
| DE2810491A1 (en) | 1979-09-20 |
| GB2019273A (en) | 1979-10-31 |
| IT7920009A0 (en) | 1979-02-08 |
| FR2419124B1 (en) | 1982-04-16 |
| NL7900955A (en) | 1979-09-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |