CA1127461A - Heater arrangement for a railway car - Google Patents
Heater arrangement for a railway carInfo
- Publication number
- CA1127461A CA1127461A CA357,067A CA357067A CA1127461A CA 1127461 A CA1127461 A CA 1127461A CA 357067 A CA357067 A CA 357067A CA 1127461 A CA1127461 A CA 1127461A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- heater
- guard
- chamber
- arrangement
- set forth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
- B61D27/0036—Means for heating only
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF DISCLOSURE
A floor heater for a railway car includes a perforated heater guard having top and bottom "V" sections extending into a heater chamber heated by a heating element connected to the inside of the heater guard.
A perforated heater duct is disposed below a window in the car and is connected to the heater chamber through a passageway inside the side wall of the car.
A floor heater for a railway car includes a perforated heater guard having top and bottom "V" sections extending into a heater chamber heated by a heating element connected to the inside of the heater guard.
A perforated heater duct is disposed below a window in the car and is connected to the heater chamber through a passageway inside the side wall of the car.
Description
~7~6~
Bac~ground of Invention Electric floor heater arrangements have been used in railway cars One such arrangement is illustrated in United States Patent to Skypala NoO
3,~6,177.
In many heater systems used heretofore, perforated stainless steel guard plates have been used to transmit the heat generated from a heat chamber into the passenger compartment of the car. This has resulted in hot spots being developed in the heater guard in the area at which the electric heating element is attached to the stainless steel guard. This is partly because the stainless steel is a poor heat conduc~or and it is difficult to generate a uniform heat over a wide area. Despite this disadvantage, however, it is still desirable to use a stainless steel exterior surface on the heater guards because of its relatively long life and relative lack of maintenance require-ments .
Heretofore, ma~y floor heater guards have used relatively flat surfaces for transmitting the heat generated in a chamber. Consequently, this limits the areas from which the heat is transmitted from the heater guard into the car compartment.
In utili~ing floor heaters in a railway car, it is desirable to have ~O relatively uniform heat along long lengths of the car floor. Consequently, a relatively large number of electrical heater elements are employed. In order to give flexibility to the system and provide maximum cost efficiency in manufacturing the system, it is desirable to have most, if not all, of the heating elements of the same type and have the same wattage requirements even for areas of the car near the doors, which tend to become cooler or subject to great temperature fluctuations.
It is ~l object of this invention to provide an improved heater guard in a heater system which minimi~es the creation of "hot spots" and ~ ' ~2'7~
results in greater heat distribution.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a heater guard having a greater and more unifcrm heat transmitting surface.
It is still a further object of this invention to provide improved meanS for generating uniform heat over a wide area in a passenger compartment of a railway car utilizing heater elements of the same requirements to accom-odate different temperature requirements.
Summary of Invention The invention provides in a railway car having a floor and sidewall ~ith a ~indow therein, a heater arrangement comprising:
~ a~ a heater assembly for forming a heater chamber including first and second attachment means and a heater guard;
(b) means for mounting said first attachment means to said side-~all to extend perpendicularly therefrom;
~ c) means for mounting said second attachment means to said floor in spaced relationship to said sidewall;
~ d) said heater guard extending longitudinally along said floor and having a flat perforated central front section and perforated "V" shaped top and bottom sections;
~0 te) means for attaching said heater guard to said first and second attachment means so that said top and bottom "V" shaped sections of said heater guard extend into said chamber and ~ f) a heating element attached to the flat central section of said heater guard;
Preferably a perforated air duct is disposed below a window in the car. A wall panel spaced from the sidewall of the car provides a heat con-ductive passage~ay to connect the air duct to the heater chamber. Heat 4~3L
generated by the heating element causes cool air to enter and circulake through the heater chamber and warm air to exit through the perforations in the heater guard and ~hrough the heat conductive passageway to the air duct.
Heated air passes into the interior of the car from the perforations in the heater guard and air duct.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be ap-parent and suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, from a reading of the following specification and claims, taken in conjunction with the accom-panying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a front view, broken away, illustrating a heater ar-rangement for a railway car, in accordance with the present invention;
Figures 2A-2B are cross-sectional views, partly broken away, taken along lines 2A-2B of Figure 1, with Figure 2B being a continuation of Figure ~, and Figure 3 is an isometric view, partly broken away, illustrating the heater arrangement of the present invention.
Description of Invention Referring to Figure 1, a floor heater 10 comprises one of a plura-lity of floor heaters disposed along the sidewall and floor 12 of the rail-way car. The individual floor units may include endwalls 14. In a preferredembodiment, all of the floor heater ends are disposed next to each other so as to form a continuous floor heating arrangement.
As will be described, cool air is taken into perforations 20 and heated in a heating chamber and exhausted through perforations 16 and 18 of the heater guard 22. The arrows generally indicate the directi~n of movement by convection of the cool air and heated air. Some of the air heated within the heater 10 is transmitted through a passageway in the sidewall of the car ~1~27~
to a perforated duct 2~, which is disposed in close proximity to a window 26.
The heated air from the duct 24 originating in the floor heater 10 passes through the perforations 28 generally in the direction indicated by the arrows lhe dol~nward pointing arrow represents the relative cool air from the ~indow 26.
Referring to Figures 2A and 2B, along with Figure 1~ the various details of the heating arrangements shown generally in Figur)e 1 are illus-trated. The floor heater 10 co~prises a top attachment flange 30 which extends perpendicularly away from the sidewall of the rail car. The sidewail comprises an outer sheet 32 and insulating panel 34. A second attachment means is attached to the floor 12. This attachment means includes a molding 36. Heater guard 22 is attached to the attachment means, including the flange 30, by means o~ suitable connect~r 40 extending through to a spacer 42 to engage an inwardly extending portion 44 of the flange 30. The~bottom of the heater guard 22 is connected between the molding 36 and the spring-loaded clip 38. During installation, the bottom edge 46 o~ the heater guard 22 is~
inserted between the molding 36 and spring clip 38 with the top part of the heater guard 22 then being connected to the inward portion 44 of the flange 30~ as illustrated.
~ The heater guard 22 comprises a central portion 48, a top portion 50 and a bottom portion 52. The upper and lower portions, 50 and 52, are l'V"
shaped and extend into heating chamber 54. The heating chamber 54 may, in effect, be formed by the top flange 30, the heater guard 22, the floor and side-wall of the car.
A pair of heater elements 56 and 58 are mounted to the central por-ti~n of the heater guard 22 by means of carriage bolts 60 and 62S held in place b~ nuts 64 and 66. Suitable~c~ al ~ires not illustrated, are con nected to the heating elements 56 and 58 to generate heat in the chamber 54.
~Z~
The heating elements 56 and 58 are suitably insulated from the heater guard 22 by means of insulators 68) 70 and 72. A reflector 7~ is connected between the insulators 68 and 70 and will be describe~ in further detail below.
A passageway 76 is connected between the heating chamber 54 of the floor heater 10 and a chamber 78 provided by the perforated duct 24. Warm air is transmitted in the direction indicated by the arrows through the pass-ageway 76 into the heating chamber 78 and finally exits through the perfora-tion 28 the cold air emanating from the window 26 is indicated by arrows extending generally downward. The upwardly moving warm air from the duct 24 tends to neutralize the downwardly extending cool air emanating from the ~indow 26. The total overall effect is that a passènger sitting adjacent to indol~ 26 will not tend to feel the cool air from the window 26 and the area around the window will tend to be of about the same temperature most of the time.
Referring to Figure 2B, the heater panel 22 comprises a main body of aluminum material 80 metallurgically clad by a thin coating of stainless steel B2 on the outer surface of the heater guard 22. The thickness o~f the steel B2 is greatly e~aggerated for purposes of illustration. The use of the stain-less steel coatings makes the surfaces of the heater guard 22 resistant to ~ear and require very little maintenance. At the same time, the main body 80 comprises aluminum which is highly conductive with respect to heat. The high-ly conductive aluminum body makes it possible to generate a rela~ively uniform heat throughout the surface of the heater guard 22. This eliminates the so-called "hot spots" found in prior art sys~ems where the heater guards were made entirely of stainless steel. The heat spots were generally caused by the p~or conductivity of the stainless steel. Thus~ the particular composition of the heater guard 22 provides the advantage~of both stainless steel and alumi-num without the attendant disadvantages relating thereto.
The reflector guard 74 comprises a section 86 with ~wo inwardly angularly extending sections 88 and 90. The section 90 ex~e~ds inwardly so as to receive the heat generated from the bottom of the heating chamber 54 and directed between the reflector and heater guard 22. The~upper angular section ~8 is substantially parallel to one of the "V" legs of portion 50.
nle reflector 74 is spaced from the heating element 56. The reflector there-fore is positioned to reflect some of the heat generated from the heating element 56. Consequently, the amount of heat passing from the element 56 to the panel 22 is controlled, to a great extent, by the rcflector 74. In ad-dition to controlling the "hot spots" which may be generated in the panel 22>the reflector 74 makes it possible to utilize heating elements of higher capacity while still generating a desired temperature at the panel 22. In other ~Yords, the heating elements involved in a raii car may be numerous and the more uniform the ~attage requirements the more economical it is to build the heating system in the car. Reflectors such as reflector 74 are capable of handling heating elements of higher wattage by reflecting the amount of heat desired.
The lo~er heating element 58 does not include a reflector. The reason for this is that air entering into the chamber 74 is much cooler than ~0 the air toward the top of the chamber 54. Consequently, no reflector is re-quired to reduce or reflect the heat generated.
Various other elements, not directly connected to the invention, and found in many railway cars are illustrated. For example, an attachment 92 is used to receive a seat support flange. A base 94 is provided to support the insulating panel 34. A seat support flange 96 is provided and is shaped 50 as to include an area 98 for better control of the airflow in the passage-u~ay 76.
~7~6~l A ~Yainscot 100 is connected below the window and above heater guard 22. A channel member 102 and member 104 are utilized for supports and to define the heating chamber 78. The window 26 is supported in a flexible mem-ber 106 held in position by conventional means. It is noted that most of the passageway 76 is relatively narrow, in the order of one inch. At the same time, the ducts 24 extend outwardly away from the window for passenger com-fort. Consequently, the various connecting elements are arranged as described to maintain the passageway 76 relatively narrow as the heated air passes from the chamber 54 to the chamber 78.
It is noted that the reflector element 74 includes angular portions 88 and 90 which reflect heat back into the chamber 54, At the same time, the central portion of the reflector is spaced from and parallel to the central section of the heater guard to provide a path for the heat to circulate from the top to the bottom of the chamber 54.
The flanges 30 include, at the inner end of flanges 30, a downwardly extending lip. The section 50 includes a cooperating upwardly extending lip.
This arrangement prevents vandals from inserting sticks or wires into the heating chamber to cause electrical problems.
Bac~ground of Invention Electric floor heater arrangements have been used in railway cars One such arrangement is illustrated in United States Patent to Skypala NoO
3,~6,177.
In many heater systems used heretofore, perforated stainless steel guard plates have been used to transmit the heat generated from a heat chamber into the passenger compartment of the car. This has resulted in hot spots being developed in the heater guard in the area at which the electric heating element is attached to the stainless steel guard. This is partly because the stainless steel is a poor heat conduc~or and it is difficult to generate a uniform heat over a wide area. Despite this disadvantage, however, it is still desirable to use a stainless steel exterior surface on the heater guards because of its relatively long life and relative lack of maintenance require-ments .
Heretofore, ma~y floor heater guards have used relatively flat surfaces for transmitting the heat generated in a chamber. Consequently, this limits the areas from which the heat is transmitted from the heater guard into the car compartment.
In utili~ing floor heaters in a railway car, it is desirable to have ~O relatively uniform heat along long lengths of the car floor. Consequently, a relatively large number of electrical heater elements are employed. In order to give flexibility to the system and provide maximum cost efficiency in manufacturing the system, it is desirable to have most, if not all, of the heating elements of the same type and have the same wattage requirements even for areas of the car near the doors, which tend to become cooler or subject to great temperature fluctuations.
It is ~l object of this invention to provide an improved heater guard in a heater system which minimi~es the creation of "hot spots" and ~ ' ~2'7~
results in greater heat distribution.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a heater guard having a greater and more unifcrm heat transmitting surface.
It is still a further object of this invention to provide improved meanS for generating uniform heat over a wide area in a passenger compartment of a railway car utilizing heater elements of the same requirements to accom-odate different temperature requirements.
Summary of Invention The invention provides in a railway car having a floor and sidewall ~ith a ~indow therein, a heater arrangement comprising:
~ a~ a heater assembly for forming a heater chamber including first and second attachment means and a heater guard;
(b) means for mounting said first attachment means to said side-~all to extend perpendicularly therefrom;
~ c) means for mounting said second attachment means to said floor in spaced relationship to said sidewall;
~ d) said heater guard extending longitudinally along said floor and having a flat perforated central front section and perforated "V" shaped top and bottom sections;
~0 te) means for attaching said heater guard to said first and second attachment means so that said top and bottom "V" shaped sections of said heater guard extend into said chamber and ~ f) a heating element attached to the flat central section of said heater guard;
Preferably a perforated air duct is disposed below a window in the car. A wall panel spaced from the sidewall of the car provides a heat con-ductive passage~ay to connect the air duct to the heater chamber. Heat 4~3L
generated by the heating element causes cool air to enter and circulake through the heater chamber and warm air to exit through the perforations in the heater guard and ~hrough the heat conductive passageway to the air duct.
Heated air passes into the interior of the car from the perforations in the heater guard and air duct.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be ap-parent and suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, from a reading of the following specification and claims, taken in conjunction with the accom-panying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a front view, broken away, illustrating a heater ar-rangement for a railway car, in accordance with the present invention;
Figures 2A-2B are cross-sectional views, partly broken away, taken along lines 2A-2B of Figure 1, with Figure 2B being a continuation of Figure ~, and Figure 3 is an isometric view, partly broken away, illustrating the heater arrangement of the present invention.
Description of Invention Referring to Figure 1, a floor heater 10 comprises one of a plura-lity of floor heaters disposed along the sidewall and floor 12 of the rail-way car. The individual floor units may include endwalls 14. In a preferredembodiment, all of the floor heater ends are disposed next to each other so as to form a continuous floor heating arrangement.
As will be described, cool air is taken into perforations 20 and heated in a heating chamber and exhausted through perforations 16 and 18 of the heater guard 22. The arrows generally indicate the directi~n of movement by convection of the cool air and heated air. Some of the air heated within the heater 10 is transmitted through a passageway in the sidewall of the car ~1~27~
to a perforated duct 2~, which is disposed in close proximity to a window 26.
The heated air from the duct 24 originating in the floor heater 10 passes through the perforations 28 generally in the direction indicated by the arrows lhe dol~nward pointing arrow represents the relative cool air from the ~indow 26.
Referring to Figures 2A and 2B, along with Figure 1~ the various details of the heating arrangements shown generally in Figur)e 1 are illus-trated. The floor heater 10 co~prises a top attachment flange 30 which extends perpendicularly away from the sidewall of the rail car. The sidewail comprises an outer sheet 32 and insulating panel 34. A second attachment means is attached to the floor 12. This attachment means includes a molding 36. Heater guard 22 is attached to the attachment means, including the flange 30, by means o~ suitable connect~r 40 extending through to a spacer 42 to engage an inwardly extending portion 44 of the flange 30. The~bottom of the heater guard 22 is connected between the molding 36 and the spring-loaded clip 38. During installation, the bottom edge 46 o~ the heater guard 22 is~
inserted between the molding 36 and spring clip 38 with the top part of the heater guard 22 then being connected to the inward portion 44 of the flange 30~ as illustrated.
~ The heater guard 22 comprises a central portion 48, a top portion 50 and a bottom portion 52. The upper and lower portions, 50 and 52, are l'V"
shaped and extend into heating chamber 54. The heating chamber 54 may, in effect, be formed by the top flange 30, the heater guard 22, the floor and side-wall of the car.
A pair of heater elements 56 and 58 are mounted to the central por-ti~n of the heater guard 22 by means of carriage bolts 60 and 62S held in place b~ nuts 64 and 66. Suitable~c~ al ~ires not illustrated, are con nected to the heating elements 56 and 58 to generate heat in the chamber 54.
~Z~
The heating elements 56 and 58 are suitably insulated from the heater guard 22 by means of insulators 68) 70 and 72. A reflector 7~ is connected between the insulators 68 and 70 and will be describe~ in further detail below.
A passageway 76 is connected between the heating chamber 54 of the floor heater 10 and a chamber 78 provided by the perforated duct 24. Warm air is transmitted in the direction indicated by the arrows through the pass-ageway 76 into the heating chamber 78 and finally exits through the perfora-tion 28 the cold air emanating from the window 26 is indicated by arrows extending generally downward. The upwardly moving warm air from the duct 24 tends to neutralize the downwardly extending cool air emanating from the ~indow 26. The total overall effect is that a passènger sitting adjacent to indol~ 26 will not tend to feel the cool air from the window 26 and the area around the window will tend to be of about the same temperature most of the time.
Referring to Figure 2B, the heater panel 22 comprises a main body of aluminum material 80 metallurgically clad by a thin coating of stainless steel B2 on the outer surface of the heater guard 22. The thickness o~f the steel B2 is greatly e~aggerated for purposes of illustration. The use of the stain-less steel coatings makes the surfaces of the heater guard 22 resistant to ~ear and require very little maintenance. At the same time, the main body 80 comprises aluminum which is highly conductive with respect to heat. The high-ly conductive aluminum body makes it possible to generate a rela~ively uniform heat throughout the surface of the heater guard 22. This eliminates the so-called "hot spots" found in prior art sys~ems where the heater guards were made entirely of stainless steel. The heat spots were generally caused by the p~or conductivity of the stainless steel. Thus~ the particular composition of the heater guard 22 provides the advantage~of both stainless steel and alumi-num without the attendant disadvantages relating thereto.
The reflector guard 74 comprises a section 86 with ~wo inwardly angularly extending sections 88 and 90. The section 90 ex~e~ds inwardly so as to receive the heat generated from the bottom of the heating chamber 54 and directed between the reflector and heater guard 22. The~upper angular section ~8 is substantially parallel to one of the "V" legs of portion 50.
nle reflector 74 is spaced from the heating element 56. The reflector there-fore is positioned to reflect some of the heat generated from the heating element 56. Consequently, the amount of heat passing from the element 56 to the panel 22 is controlled, to a great extent, by the rcflector 74. In ad-dition to controlling the "hot spots" which may be generated in the panel 22>the reflector 74 makes it possible to utilize heating elements of higher capacity while still generating a desired temperature at the panel 22. In other ~Yords, the heating elements involved in a raii car may be numerous and the more uniform the ~attage requirements the more economical it is to build the heating system in the car. Reflectors such as reflector 74 are capable of handling heating elements of higher wattage by reflecting the amount of heat desired.
The lo~er heating element 58 does not include a reflector. The reason for this is that air entering into the chamber 74 is much cooler than ~0 the air toward the top of the chamber 54. Consequently, no reflector is re-quired to reduce or reflect the heat generated.
Various other elements, not directly connected to the invention, and found in many railway cars are illustrated. For example, an attachment 92 is used to receive a seat support flange. A base 94 is provided to support the insulating panel 34. A seat support flange 96 is provided and is shaped 50 as to include an area 98 for better control of the airflow in the passage-u~ay 76.
~7~6~l A ~Yainscot 100 is connected below the window and above heater guard 22. A channel member 102 and member 104 are utilized for supports and to define the heating chamber 78. The window 26 is supported in a flexible mem-ber 106 held in position by conventional means. It is noted that most of the passageway 76 is relatively narrow, in the order of one inch. At the same time, the ducts 24 extend outwardly away from the window for passenger com-fort. Consequently, the various connecting elements are arranged as described to maintain the passageway 76 relatively narrow as the heated air passes from the chamber 54 to the chamber 78.
It is noted that the reflector element 74 includes angular portions 88 and 90 which reflect heat back into the chamber 54, At the same time, the central portion of the reflector is spaced from and parallel to the central section of the heater guard to provide a path for the heat to circulate from the top to the bottom of the chamber 54.
The flanges 30 include, at the inner end of flanges 30, a downwardly extending lip. The section 50 includes a cooperating upwardly extending lip.
This arrangement prevents vandals from inserting sticks or wires into the heating chamber to cause electrical problems.
Claims (7)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a railway car having a floor and sidewall with a window therein, a heater arrangement comprising:
(a) a heater assembly for forming a heater chamber including first and second attachment means and a heater guard;
(b) means for mounting said first attachment means to said sidewall to extend perpendicularly therefrom;
(c) means for mounting said second attachment means to said floor in spaced relationship to said sidewall;
(d) said heater guard extending longitudinally along said floor and having a flat perforated central front section and perforated "V" shaped top and bottom sections;
(e) means for attaching said heater guard to said first and second attachment means so that said top and bottom "V" shaped sections of said heater guard extend into said chamber and (f) a heating element attached to the flat central section of said heater guard;
(a) a heater assembly for forming a heater chamber including first and second attachment means and a heater guard;
(b) means for mounting said first attachment means to said sidewall to extend perpendicularly therefrom;
(c) means for mounting said second attachment means to said floor in spaced relationship to said sidewall;
(d) said heater guard extending longitudinally along said floor and having a flat perforated central front section and perforated "V" shaped top and bottom sections;
(e) means for attaching said heater guard to said first and second attachment means so that said top and bottom "V" shaped sections of said heater guard extend into said chamber and (f) a heating element attached to the flat central section of said heater guard;
2. A heater arrangement as set forth in Claim 1 wherein said heater guard comprises stainless steel clad aluminum.
3. A heater arrangement as set forth in Claim 2 wherein a pair of insulating members are connected between said heating element and said central section of said heater guard, and a reflector element is connected between said pair of insulating members to reflect heat generated from said heating element back into said chambers.
4. A heating arrangement as set forth in Claim 3 wherein said reflector element comprises a center section parallel with the flat central section of said heater guard and bottom and top angular sections extending angularly upwardly from said center section into said chamber.
5. A heater arrangement as set forth in Claim 4 wherein a second heater element is connected to the flat central portion of said heater guard and heat generated by said second heater element is transmitted through an area between said reflector element and said heater guard.
6. A heater arrangement as set forth in Claim 5 wherein the top angular section of said reflector element is parallel with one of bottom legs of the top "V" section of said heater guard.
7. A heater arrangement as set forth in Claim 6 wherein there are further provided perforated air ducts disposed adjacently below said window, and panel means connected from said air duct to said heating chamber spaced from said sidewall to provide a heat conductive passageway to connect said air duct to said heater chamber, whereby heat generated by said heating element causes air to enter and circulate through said heater chamber and exit through said heater guard and said air ducts after passing through said heat conductive passageway.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US6119479A | 1979-07-27 | 1979-07-27 | |
| US06/061,194 | 1979-07-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1127461A true CA1127461A (en) | 1982-07-13 |
Family
ID=22034239
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA357,067A Expired CA1127461A (en) | 1979-07-27 | 1980-07-25 | Heater arrangement for a railway car |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU6015980A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8004639A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1127461A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8106455A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2462319A1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT71555A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA803737B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3941696C1 (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-03-28 | Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De | |
| CN104176080B (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2017-02-15 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Electric heating device of railway vehicle |
| CN208559346U (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-03-01 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Interior structure and rail vehicle with it |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3426177A (en) * | 1966-08-24 | 1969-02-04 | Budd Co | Heater duct arrangement |
-
1980
- 1980-06-23 ZA ZA00803737A patent/ZA803737B/en unknown
- 1980-07-07 AU AU60159/80A patent/AU6015980A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1980-07-14 PT PT71555A patent/PT71555A/en unknown
- 1980-07-24 ES ES493673A patent/ES8106455A1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-24 BR BR8004639A patent/BR8004639A/en unknown
- 1980-07-25 CA CA357,067A patent/CA1127461A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-25 FR FR8016468A patent/FR2462319A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2462319B1 (en) | 1985-02-01 |
| BR8004639A (en) | 1981-02-10 |
| ES493673A0 (en) | 1981-07-16 |
| ZA803737B (en) | 1981-06-24 |
| PT71555A (en) | 1980-08-01 |
| FR2462319A1 (en) | 1981-02-13 |
| AU6015980A (en) | 1981-01-29 |
| ES8106455A1 (en) | 1981-07-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |