CA1127095A - Electrostatic precipitator and discharge electrode therefor - Google Patents
Electrostatic precipitator and discharge electrode thereforInfo
- Publication number
- CA1127095A CA1127095A CA317,381A CA317381A CA1127095A CA 1127095 A CA1127095 A CA 1127095A CA 317381 A CA317381 A CA 317381A CA 1127095 A CA1127095 A CA 1127095A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- protrusions
- discharge electrode
- generally
- tubular member
- electrode according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Abstract
ABSTRACT A discharge electrode is disclosed for producing ion emission in an electrostatic precipitator. The elec-trode includes a rigid cylindrical tubular member having a plurality of protrusions extending outwardly therefrom. The protrusions preferably have rounded free end portions and are formed either by individual rods integrally attached to the member or by one or more wires attached to the sur-face of the member and having folds which are selectively spaced apart to provide the desired dispersion of the ion emission. The wires may also be embedded in depressions defined in the surface of the member. The invention also pertains to an improved electrostatic precipitator in-corporating the inventive discharge electrode.
Description
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR AND
DISCHARGE ELECTRODE THEREFOR_ TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to electrostatic precipita-tors and more particularly -to a rigid tubular discharye electrode member having protrusions united -therewith for providiny dispersed emissions.
~ACKGROUND ART
In electrical precipitators, suspended dust particles or dispersed fluids are removed from a gas stream by first charging the particles and then driving them under the influence of an electrical field to collect-ing electrodes which may be at ground or another suitable potential with respect to the discharge electrode.
Industrial electrostatic precipitators are used extensively for the removal of solid particles such as fly ash, mineral dust, cement dust, etc., from the gases before they are discharged to the atmosphere in order to protect the surroundings against dust which often is con-sidered a serious nuisance It is well known to use discharge electrodes in electrostatic precipitators in the form of wires, rods, bars, tubes, or the like, mounted in rows in a frame be-tween platelike collecting electrodes. However, such supporting frames are subject to lateral vibrations re-sulting from distortions in the frames during the treat-ment of hot gases.
Furthermore, tubular discharge electrodes having discharge arms divided into pointed discharge tips are well known. Such discharge electrodes are mechanically stable and can advantageously be used in substantially high electrostatic precipitators without encountering lateral vibrations. However, due to the distribution of the electrical field the discharge tips are exposed to
DISCHARGE ELECTRODE THEREFOR_ TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to electrostatic precipita-tors and more particularly -to a rigid tubular discharye electrode member having protrusions united -therewith for providiny dispersed emissions.
~ACKGROUND ART
In electrical precipitators, suspended dust particles or dispersed fluids are removed from a gas stream by first charging the particles and then driving them under the influence of an electrical field to collect-ing electrodes which may be at ground or another suitable potential with respect to the discharge electrode.
Industrial electrostatic precipitators are used extensively for the removal of solid particles such as fly ash, mineral dust, cement dust, etc., from the gases before they are discharged to the atmosphere in order to protect the surroundings against dust which often is con-sidered a serious nuisance It is well known to use discharge electrodes in electrostatic precipitators in the form of wires, rods, bars, tubes, or the like, mounted in rows in a frame be-tween platelike collecting electrodes. However, such supporting frames are subject to lateral vibrations re-sulting from distortions in the frames during the treat-ment of hot gases.
Furthermore, tubular discharge electrodes having discharge arms divided into pointed discharge tips are well known. Such discharge electrodes are mechanically stable and can advantageously be used in substantially high electrostatic precipitators without encountering lateral vibrations. However, due to the distribution of the electrical field the discharge tips are exposed to
- 2 - ~7~S
such heavy concentrated charges and emission that the hazard of flashovers is increased. Also, these tips are exposed to electrostatic erosion and thereby are fre~uently burned away. I have invented an improved discharge eleckrode which avoids the above-noted limitations of the prior art electrodes.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
A discharge electrode for an electrostatic precipitator which comprises a generally rigid elongated member having a plurality of blunt ended protrusions extend-ing outwardly therefrom and positioned in spaced relation to each other, the blunt ended configuration and spacing of said protrusions providing dispersion of the emission pro-vided by the member.
In particular, the discharge electrode of the present invention provides dispersed ion emission and is in the form of a gene ally rigid generally tubular member including at least one channel along the surface thereof and at least one wire member disposed within this channel. The wire member is selectively folded at spaced portions along the tubular member to form a plurality of spaced apart, generally elongated protrusions having a blunt ended portions, said protrusions extending outwardly from the channel and generally transverse to the axis of the member. At least one protrusion, and preferably each protrusion, has a free end portion having a generally rounded configurationr the protrusions being configured and spaced such that the dispersion of the electrostatic ion emission provided by said member is substantially uniform and substantially from the blunt ended portions of said protrusions.
'~ , .
The generally tubular member preferably is of cylindrical configuration, and the protrusions preferably have rodlike configuration.
In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, in an electrostatic precipitator adapted to provide a generally unidirectional electrostatic field generated by a high unidirectional voltage and an ioni.zation field generated by an impulse voltage for removal of particulates suspended in gases directed therethrough, of the type having at least one discharge electrode for ion emission, the improvement is provided wherein the electrode is in the form of a generally rigid tubular member including at least one channel, and having at least one wire member disposed within the channel as described above.
In particular embodiments of-the invention, one or more continuous wires are embedded in the channel or channels in the outer wall of the kubular member in a manner such that folds of the continuous wire members are positioned in adjacent relation to constitute rodlike protrusions by compounding the two branches forming a fold to constitute a rod having a rounded sur~ace at its free end.
The present invention makes it possihle to obtain preferred balanced dist~ibution Qf the ion emission substantially from the tot~l end surfaces.of the protrusions. Thus, the danger o~ arcing is a~oided to-a large degree. Furthermore, the ~ounded surfaces are no~ appreciably.exposed to corrosion by electrostatic erosion and the p~otrusions have a great~r mechanical stability. - . .
- 3a - 1~7~S
The discharge electrodes accordiny to the invention can be suitably used in large industxial electrostatic precipitators which require that the distrihution of the ionization be uniform and that the electrical field be of a sufficient level to provide for the most eficient precipitation.
The present invention also rela-tes to the improved electrostatic precipitator which incorporates the present inventive discharge electrode described herein.
The particular features of the present invention provide preferred balanced ion emission distribution, par-ticularly from the total end surfaces of the protrusions.
Thusl the danger of formation of arcing is avoided to a high degree. In addition, greater mechanical stability of the dis-charge electrode is also provided while minimizing electrostatic erosion of the protrusions of the electrode.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRA~INGS
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a first exemplary embodiment of a discharge electrode according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view of the discharge electrode of Fig. 1 taken along the line 2-2 of Fig. l;
`$
:. ~
~270~ ~
1Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of a second ex-emplary embodiment of a discharge electrode accordlng to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view of the discharge electrode of Fig. 3 taken along the line 4-4 Qf Fig~ 3; and Figs. S and 6 and Figs. 7 and 8 show two additi~nal alternative embodiments of the discharge electrode of Fig. 3.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Referring to Figs. l and 2, a discharge electrode is shown as a tube l having integral rodlike protrusions 2 and rounded end surfaces 3.
In Figs. 3 and 4 the tube l is shown having wires 4 having windings which form protrusions 5. At selected po-sitions of the wire 4 folds are made which serve as protru-sions 5 having rounded end surfaces 6.
In Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8, a modified tubular struc-ture 7 is shown with longitudinal depressions 8 in the sur-face of the tube 7. Wires 9, lO are embedded in the depres-sions 8. The wire 9 in Figs. 5 and 6 is formed with inverted 20 V-shaped ~olded-wire protrusions ll having rounded end sur-faces 12. The wire lO in.~igs. 7 and 8 is formed to provide rodlike protrusions 13 havin~ rounded end surfaces 14.
In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in Figs.
l and 2 the individual rodlike protrusion may be joined to ih~ tube l in a kn~wn mdnller such as by welding. The sur-f~ce of the tubular structure 1 itself is substantially smooth such that when a high voltage is applied to the dis-charge electrode a uniform electrical field is created around the tubular structure l, and a concentrated electri-30 cal field is established at the rounded end surfaces 3 ofthe rodlike protrusions 2. As a result of the concentrated electrical field, clouds of ions are emitted in a dispersed manner. However~ the rounded end surfaces 3 spread the dis-charge without giving rise to arcing. Thus, the charging 35 of the dust is greatly improved which results in an increased li~7V~ l 1 efficiency in the precipitating o the solid particles.
In the second exemplary embodiment illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the rodlike protrusions 5 are made by the windin~s ~or folds) of the wires 4 attached to the tube 1.
This construction is very simple to manufacture. More-over, the rodlike protrusions 5 are interconnected by the wires 4 so that a single rodlike protrusion 5'cannot be knocked off or burned off by accident.
In the alternative exemplary embodiments shown in Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the tubes 7 are provided with de-pressions 8 to receive the wires 9, 10. In this fashion, - only the protrusions 11, 13 project from the surface of the tubes 7, thereby ensuring that the surface of 'the tube 7 is substantially uniform. This construction eliminates the 15 need to position the wires 9, 10 along the surface of the tube 7, and further reduces the possibility of uncontrolled discharge. Furthermore, it is ensured that the wires 9, 10 do not cause dust to accumulate on the tubular discharge electrode which could otherwise destroy the preferred distri-20 bution of the electrostatic field.
The structuring of the rodlike protrusions 2, 5,11, 13, i.e., the diameter of the wire 9, 10, the inter-vals between the rodlike protrusions 2, 5, 11, 13, their length, etcO, depends upon the preferred distribution from 25 the discharge electrode.
Preferably, the protrusions 2, 5, 11, 13 extend from the surface'of the tube a distance of at least one-tenth and up to the diameter of the tube ~., 7. Additionally, the protrusions 2, 5, 11, 13 are successively spaced apart 30 at intervals extending from a distance at least equal to and'up to twenty times the length of the protrusions 2, 5, 11, 13.
l~he depressions 8 may alternatively be either helical to, or they may be disposed in a plane transverse to, 35 the axis of the tube 7. In a preferred embodiment, the -6- ~Z7~5 1 depressions 8 have a depth approximately equal to the diameter of the wire 9, l0-~-whereby the surface of the tube 7 is kept substantially smooth so as to provide a uniform electrical field upon the application of a high voltage to the discharge electrode.
When the electrostatic precipitators are of a substantial height, the mechanical vibrations in the long tubular structures may be controlled by loading the tubes:
One method of loading is to insert weights preferably in the form of columns of gravel tnot shown) inside the dis-charge electrode at positions where the weight will suppress any mechanical vibrations by absorbing energy during such movements
such heavy concentrated charges and emission that the hazard of flashovers is increased. Also, these tips are exposed to electrostatic erosion and thereby are fre~uently burned away. I have invented an improved discharge eleckrode which avoids the above-noted limitations of the prior art electrodes.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
A discharge electrode for an electrostatic precipitator which comprises a generally rigid elongated member having a plurality of blunt ended protrusions extend-ing outwardly therefrom and positioned in spaced relation to each other, the blunt ended configuration and spacing of said protrusions providing dispersion of the emission pro-vided by the member.
In particular, the discharge electrode of the present invention provides dispersed ion emission and is in the form of a gene ally rigid generally tubular member including at least one channel along the surface thereof and at least one wire member disposed within this channel. The wire member is selectively folded at spaced portions along the tubular member to form a plurality of spaced apart, generally elongated protrusions having a blunt ended portions, said protrusions extending outwardly from the channel and generally transverse to the axis of the member. At least one protrusion, and preferably each protrusion, has a free end portion having a generally rounded configurationr the protrusions being configured and spaced such that the dispersion of the electrostatic ion emission provided by said member is substantially uniform and substantially from the blunt ended portions of said protrusions.
'~ , .
The generally tubular member preferably is of cylindrical configuration, and the protrusions preferably have rodlike configuration.
In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, in an electrostatic precipitator adapted to provide a generally unidirectional electrostatic field generated by a high unidirectional voltage and an ioni.zation field generated by an impulse voltage for removal of particulates suspended in gases directed therethrough, of the type having at least one discharge electrode for ion emission, the improvement is provided wherein the electrode is in the form of a generally rigid tubular member including at least one channel, and having at least one wire member disposed within the channel as described above.
In particular embodiments of-the invention, one or more continuous wires are embedded in the channel or channels in the outer wall of the kubular member in a manner such that folds of the continuous wire members are positioned in adjacent relation to constitute rodlike protrusions by compounding the two branches forming a fold to constitute a rod having a rounded sur~ace at its free end.
The present invention makes it possihle to obtain preferred balanced dist~ibution Qf the ion emission substantially from the tot~l end surfaces.of the protrusions. Thus, the danger o~ arcing is a~oided to-a large degree. Furthermore, the ~ounded surfaces are no~ appreciably.exposed to corrosion by electrostatic erosion and the p~otrusions have a great~r mechanical stability. - . .
- 3a - 1~7~S
The discharge electrodes accordiny to the invention can be suitably used in large industxial electrostatic precipitators which require that the distrihution of the ionization be uniform and that the electrical field be of a sufficient level to provide for the most eficient precipitation.
The present invention also rela-tes to the improved electrostatic precipitator which incorporates the present inventive discharge electrode described herein.
The particular features of the present invention provide preferred balanced ion emission distribution, par-ticularly from the total end surfaces of the protrusions.
Thusl the danger of formation of arcing is avoided to a high degree. In addition, greater mechanical stability of the dis-charge electrode is also provided while minimizing electrostatic erosion of the protrusions of the electrode.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRA~INGS
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a first exemplary embodiment of a discharge electrode according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view of the discharge electrode of Fig. 1 taken along the line 2-2 of Fig. l;
`$
:. ~
~270~ ~
1Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of a second ex-emplary embodiment of a discharge electrode accordlng to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view of the discharge electrode of Fig. 3 taken along the line 4-4 Qf Fig~ 3; and Figs. S and 6 and Figs. 7 and 8 show two additi~nal alternative embodiments of the discharge electrode of Fig. 3.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Referring to Figs. l and 2, a discharge electrode is shown as a tube l having integral rodlike protrusions 2 and rounded end surfaces 3.
In Figs. 3 and 4 the tube l is shown having wires 4 having windings which form protrusions 5. At selected po-sitions of the wire 4 folds are made which serve as protru-sions 5 having rounded end surfaces 6.
In Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8, a modified tubular struc-ture 7 is shown with longitudinal depressions 8 in the sur-face of the tube 7. Wires 9, lO are embedded in the depres-sions 8. The wire 9 in Figs. 5 and 6 is formed with inverted 20 V-shaped ~olded-wire protrusions ll having rounded end sur-faces 12. The wire lO in.~igs. 7 and 8 is formed to provide rodlike protrusions 13 havin~ rounded end surfaces 14.
In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in Figs.
l and 2 the individual rodlike protrusion may be joined to ih~ tube l in a kn~wn mdnller such as by welding. The sur-f~ce of the tubular structure 1 itself is substantially smooth such that when a high voltage is applied to the dis-charge electrode a uniform electrical field is created around the tubular structure l, and a concentrated electri-30 cal field is established at the rounded end surfaces 3 ofthe rodlike protrusions 2. As a result of the concentrated electrical field, clouds of ions are emitted in a dispersed manner. However~ the rounded end surfaces 3 spread the dis-charge without giving rise to arcing. Thus, the charging 35 of the dust is greatly improved which results in an increased li~7V~ l 1 efficiency in the precipitating o the solid particles.
In the second exemplary embodiment illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the rodlike protrusions 5 are made by the windin~s ~or folds) of the wires 4 attached to the tube 1.
This construction is very simple to manufacture. More-over, the rodlike protrusions 5 are interconnected by the wires 4 so that a single rodlike protrusion 5'cannot be knocked off or burned off by accident.
In the alternative exemplary embodiments shown in Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the tubes 7 are provided with de-pressions 8 to receive the wires 9, 10. In this fashion, - only the protrusions 11, 13 project from the surface of the tubes 7, thereby ensuring that the surface of 'the tube 7 is substantially uniform. This construction eliminates the 15 need to position the wires 9, 10 along the surface of the tube 7, and further reduces the possibility of uncontrolled discharge. Furthermore, it is ensured that the wires 9, 10 do not cause dust to accumulate on the tubular discharge electrode which could otherwise destroy the preferred distri-20 bution of the electrostatic field.
The structuring of the rodlike protrusions 2, 5,11, 13, i.e., the diameter of the wire 9, 10, the inter-vals between the rodlike protrusions 2, 5, 11, 13, their length, etcO, depends upon the preferred distribution from 25 the discharge electrode.
Preferably, the protrusions 2, 5, 11, 13 extend from the surface'of the tube a distance of at least one-tenth and up to the diameter of the tube ~., 7. Additionally, the protrusions 2, 5, 11, 13 are successively spaced apart 30 at intervals extending from a distance at least equal to and'up to twenty times the length of the protrusions 2, 5, 11, 13.
l~he depressions 8 may alternatively be either helical to, or they may be disposed in a plane transverse to, 35 the axis of the tube 7. In a preferred embodiment, the -6- ~Z7~5 1 depressions 8 have a depth approximately equal to the diameter of the wire 9, l0-~-whereby the surface of the tube 7 is kept substantially smooth so as to provide a uniform electrical field upon the application of a high voltage to the discharge electrode.
When the electrostatic precipitators are of a substantial height, the mechanical vibrations in the long tubular structures may be controlled by loading the tubes:
One method of loading is to insert weights preferably in the form of columns of gravel tnot shown) inside the dis-charge electrode at positions where the weight will suppress any mechanical vibrations by absorbing energy during such movements
Claims (19)
1. A discharge electrode for ion emission in an electrostatic precipitator which comprises a generally rigid generally tubular member including at least one channel along the surface thereof, at least one wire member disposed within said at least one channel, said wire member being selectively folded at spaced portions along said generally tubular member to form a plurality of spaced apart, generally elongated protrusions having blunt ended portions, said protrusions extending outwardly from said channel and generally transverse to the axis of said member, at least one protrusion having a free end portion having a generally rounded configuration, said protrusions being configured and spaced such that the dispersion of the electrostatic ion emission provided by said member is substantially uniform and substantially from the blunt ended portions of said protrusions.
2. The discharge electrode according to Claim 1 wherein said generally tubular member has a generally cylindrical configuration and said protrusions have a rodlike configuration.
3. The discharge electrode according to Claim 2 wherein each of said protrusions is secured to said tubular member.
4. The discharge electrode according to Claim 2 wherein said protrusions have generally rounded free end portions.
5. The discharge electrode according to Claim 4 wherein each channel is in the form of a depression in the wall of said tubular member and has a depth approximately equal to the diameter of said wire disposed therein.
6. The discharge electrode according to Claim 5 wherein the wall of said tubular member defines at least two depressions and at least one wire member is positioned in each depression, each wire member being folded at spaced positions along said tubular member to define said protrusions.
7. The discharge electrode according to Claims 5 or 6 wherein each depression is substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of said generally tubular member.
8. The discharge electrode according to Claim 6 wherein each depression has a generally helical configuration and extends about the longitudinal axis of said generally tubular member.
9. The discharge electrode according to Claim 4 wherein each channel is in the form of a depression in the wall of said tubular member and lies in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of said tubular member.
10. The discharge electxode according to Claim 4 wherein each folded portion of said at least one wire member includes two branches being positioned in adjacent relation to constitute a compound protrusion extending outwardly from said tubular member.
11. The discharge electrode according to Claim 1 wherein said protrusions are successively spaced apart and extend generally transverse to the axis of said tubular member at least a distance equal approximately to one tenth of the diameter of said tubular member.
12. The discharge electrode according to Claim 1 wherein said protrusions are successively spaced apart at least a distance equal approximately to the length of the protrusion measured from the surface of said tubular member.
13. The discharge electrode according to Claim 11 wherein said protrusions extend from the surface of said tubular member a distance up to approximately the diameter of the tublar member.
14. The discharge electrode according to Claim 12 wherein saia protrusions are successively spaced apart a distance up to approximately twenty times the length of the protrusion from the surface of the tube.
15. The discharge electrode accordiny to any of Claims 1, 4, or 6 further comprising means positioned internally of said tubular member for increasing the rigidity of said tubular nember so as to suppress mechanical vibrations thereof.
16. The discharge electrode accoraing to Claim 1 wherein said protrusions are disposed substantially in the same plane.
17. The discharge electrode according to Claim 16 wherein fluid flow through the precipitator is in a predetermined direction and said plane is in parallel with said predetermined direction of said fluid flow.
18. A discharge electrode for electrostatic ion emission in an electrostatic precipitator.adapted to provide high potential electrostatic impulses, which comprises a generally rigid generally tubular member including at least one channel and at least one wire member disposed within each channel, said wire member being selectively folded at spaced portions along said generally tubular member to form a plurality of spaced apart protrusions extending outwardly therefrom and generally transverse to the longitudinal axis of said member, each protrusion having a free end portion having a generally rounded configuration such that the spacing of said protrusions and the generally rounded configuration of the free end portions thereof provide substantially uniform dispersion of the electrostatic ion emission provided by said member.
19. In an electrostatic precipitator adapted to provide a generally unidirectional electrostatic field generated by a high unidirectional voltage and an ionization field generated by an impulse voltage for removal of particulates suspended in gases directed therethrough of the type having at least one discharge electrode for ion emission, the improvement wherein said electrode is in the form of a generally rigid tubular member including at least one channel and at least one wire member disposed within each channel, said wire member being selectively folded at spaced portions along said generally tubular member to form a plurality of uniformly spaced protrusions extending outwardly therefrom and extending generally transverse to the axis thereof, each protrusion having a free end portion having a generally rounded configuration such that the uniform spacing of said protrusions and the generally rounded configuration of the protrusions provide dispersion of electrostatic ion emission substantially from the generally rounded free end portions of said member.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB5132277 | 1977-12-09 | ||
| GB51322/77 | 1977-12-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1127095A true CA1127095A (en) | 1982-07-06 |
Family
ID=10459540
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA317,381A Expired CA1127095A (en) | 1977-12-09 | 1978-12-05 | Electrostatic precipitator and discharge electrode therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1127095A (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-12-05 CA CA317,381A patent/CA1127095A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 19990706 |